SOLUTIONS

Book12. Water at 20C flows through the elbow in Fig. P3.60

and exits to the atmosphere. The pipe diameter is D1 =10
cm, while D2 =3 cm. At a weight flow rate of 150 N/s, the
pressure p1 =2.3 atm (gage). Neglect-ing the weight of
water and elbow, estimate the force on the flange bolts at
section 1. In Prob. 3.60 find the torque caused around flange
1 if the center point of exit 2 is 1.2 m directly below the
flange center. Solution:
First, from the weight flow, compute Q =(150 N/s)/(9790 N/m3) =0.0153 m3/s. Then the
velocities at (1) and (2) follow from the known areas:

The torque:

The reservoirs in Fig. P6.55 contain water at 20C. If the

pipe is smooth with L =4500 m and d =4 cm, what will
the flow rate in m3/h be for z =100 m?

For water at 20C, take =998 kg/m3and =0.001 kg/ms. The energy equation from surface 1
to surface 2 gives:
 Cha 8.67/2500

In Fig. P6.110 the pipe entrance is sharp-edged.

If the flow rate is 0.004 m3/s, what power, in
W, is extracted by the turbine?
Solution: For water at 20C, take =998
kg/m3and =0.001 kg/ms. For cast Fig.
P6.110 iron, 0.26 mm, hence /d =0.26/50
0.0052. The minor loss coefficients
Are: Entrance: K 0.5; 5-cm(2) open globe valve: K 6.9. The flow rate is known, hence we can compute V,
Re, and f:

For the pipe-flow reducing section of Fig. P3.54,

D1=8 cm, D2=5 cm, and p2=1 atm. All fluids are
at 20C. If V1=5 m/s and the manometer reading
is h =58 cm, estimate the total horizontal force
resisted by the flange bolts.

Solution: Let the CV cut through the bolts and through section 2. For the given manometer
reading, we may compute the upstream pressure. Apply conservation of mass to determine the
exit velocity.

Finally, write the balance of horizontal forces: