Introduction:

The entry of silt into a canal, which takes off from a head works, can be
reduced by following methods
Silt control at head works
Entry of silt to canal can be controlled by Providing a divide wall to
create a trap or pocket
Create scouring capacity of under sluices by concentrating the currents
towards them
Paving the bottom the approach channel to reduce disturbance
because due to disturbance sediment remains in suspension

These works may be classified into the following two types:

(a) Silt Excluders
(b)Silt Ejectors

Silt Excluders:
Silt excluders are those works which are constructed on the bed of the river,
upstream of the head regulator. The clearer water enters the head regulator
and silted water enters the silt excluder. In this type of works, the silt is,
therefore, removed from the water before in enters the canal.

The fundamental principal the behind silt control is : that most of the
silt tries to settle down in water, thus, confining itself mostly in the
bottom layers of water.

We also know that the silt is kept in suspension by the force of the
vertical eddies generated by the friction of the flowing water against
the bed.

In other words, if this bed friction is more, the upward force of eddies
shall be more, and hence, lesser chances of silt settlement wiII exist.

Hence, if the friction can be reduced by constructing a smooth

approach channel, more settlement of silt and its consequent removal,
is possible. Further, the silt from the bottom layers can be removed, by
separating the top layers and the bottom layers, without causing any
disturbance to the flow.

Typical layout :
 Design
Considerations:
 https://www.slideshare.net/bibhabasumohanty/diversion-headwork?
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Hameed, H., & Nabi, G. DESIGN OF SILT EXCLUDER OF NEW KHANKI BARRAGE: A CASE
STUDY OF LOWER CHENAB CANAL, PAKISTAN.
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