This article was downloaded by: [Carnegie Mellon University]

On: 02 February 2015, At: 15:38

Publisher: Routledge
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office:
Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

Water International
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription
information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rwin20

CURS0 INTERNACIONAL DE HIDROLOGIA

SUBTERRANEA
Published online: 22 Jan 2009.

To cite this article: (1989) CURS0 INTERNACIONAL DE HIDROLOGIA SUBTERRANEA, Water International,
14:4, 197-197, DOI: 10.1080/02508068908692106

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508068908692106

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the
Content) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents,
and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy,
completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed
in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or
endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should
be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be
liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and
other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with,
in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial
or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or
distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use
can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
 previously planned equipment expansions became unnec-
essary.
The authors experience of the past decade had provided
a simple list of steps or actions needed to optimize water
pollution reduction and optimize water-resource conserva-
tion. These steps may be implemented at any facility. The
steps are:
1. Commit
2. Understand
3. Evaluate
4. Do
Commit-Facility manageme t must be committed to water
pollution control and/or wate conservation before great
things can happen. Commitm nt can start, however, at any
level. A single individual or oup of individuals can go
through the four steps. The monetary savings and other
benefits from an initial sm 1 endeavor will gain the com-
mitment of higher level.i f management.
Downloaded by [Carnegie Mellon University] at 15:38 02 February 2015
Commitment can start
. . . at any level.
Understand - Understand the water balance as completely
aspossible. Know quantity, quality,andlocationof raw
water being used. Know quantity, quality, and location of
wastewater being discarded.
Evaluate - Once the water balance is thoroughly under-
stood, individual flows may be evaluated for appropriate-
ness, Many times flows that are well above design, and/or
well above what is needed are thought to be NORMAL
FLOWS simply because they have existed for some time.
Simple to complex cost-benefit analyses may be performed
to determine the cost effectiveness of conservation/pollu-
tion abatement potentials.
Do - Implement identified cost-effective water conserva-
tion and/or pollution control projects.
The author has implemented these steps with outstand-
ing results both at the small facility/departmental level to a
facility such as the San Juan Generating Station, having
hundreds of people and requiring a high degree of integra-
tion. It works.
CURS0 INTERNACIONAL DE HIDROLOGIA SUBTERRANEA
The XXIV Curso Intemacional de Hidrologla St&err&tea is being offered from January until July 1989. This course on groundwater places some
emphasis on management and has been organized annually since 1966. This postgraduate training course is offered in Spanish. For further infomration
please contact:
Dr. Emilio Custodio, Director
Curso Intemacional de Hidrologfa St&err&tea
Beethoven 153.
08021 Barcelona
SPAIN
Information on a similar course in Madrid, and a course in general hydrology which convenes annually in Madrid, and other activities in Valencia
may be obtained by contacting the above address.
Vol. 14, No. 4 (1989)
CHALLENGE
At the 1.7% annual population increase that has been
occurring since 1980 [l], there was a NET increase of
around 2000 people on the planet during the time it took to
read this article. During this same ten-minute reading time
around 5,000 tons of sulfur dioxide were put into the
atmosphere [7]. A lot of other things happened as well.
The same process will work for conserving water re-
sources and reducing water pollution for the planet as with
our individual facilities. We are simply at the point where
we dont have commitment from upper management, i.e.
all world governments, due to insufficient perceived cost
benefit. The challenge is for each of us to optimize our
facility and demonstrate the cost benefit, thus gaining
commitment from an ever-expanding group of people,
industries, and governments.
REFERENCES
1. Population, World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 15, World
Book Inc., Chicago, USA, 1987, pp. 597-598.
2. Sanction, T.A., What On Earth Are We Doing?, Time
Magazine, New York, USA, January 2,1989, pp. 26-30.
3. Ziglar, J.W., ...Protecting Our Freshwater Resources.
U.S. Water News, Halstead. USA, Volume 5:7. January,
19989,p..7.
4. Paul, D.H., and Petrie, J.C., Discussion of the Evolution of
a Wastewater Treatment Process...at a Coal-Fired Generat-
ing Station, Proceedings of the 46th International Water
Conference, Pittsburgh, USA, 1985.
5. Paul, D.H., The History of Industrial Water Recycling to
Achieve Zero Liquid Discharge, Water Supply Improve-
menf Association Journal, Volume 2~2, July, 1984, pp. 21-
50.
6. Paul, D.H., and Laughlin. J.K., Design and Operating Ex-
periences for Zero Liquid Discharge, Proceedings of the
Zero_DischargeSymposium,ElecticPowerResearchAsso-
ciation, September, 1981, pp, l-25.
7. Air Pollution, Encyclopedia of Science & Technology,
6th Edition, Volume 1, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New
York, USA, 1987, pp. 228-234.
Tel: (93) 20152 55
Fax: 205 47 66
Telex: 52 455 COABN E
197