التيار الكهربي وفوانين اوم وكيرشوف

3
3

) ( m
10 10
) (K
6
6

) ( M
) (
10 10
9
9

10

) ( G
10
) ( n

3
6

10

3 10 3

10 6

10 2 10 2
)(A
3 9

10 3 10 3

3 2

3 10 10

4

2 10 2

= 2r = 4l
= r2 = l 2
4 3
= r = l 3
3
= 4r2 = l 2
= r2h = Ah = 6l 2
= r2 = ) +(2
=
=

P L
W=F.d ): (W =F = ma ): (F
t
PE = mgh ): (PE Fg = mg :Fg
1 m
KE = mV2 ): (KE = :
2 Vol
PL = mv :
0
Ahmed Haider PHYSICS IN USE

:
() .

:
.
):(I
.
( ):
A =C/S = /
:

.
-1

.
-2 .

.
1

:
- 1 4
1 = 4 C
- 2 = 120
= 2
() (:)Q
:
Q = It
:
Q=Ne
e = 1.6 10-19 c .
:
():
C=As =
:

.

.
):(v
.
V=J/C = /
2

:
.
VB ( ) emf

.
:
( = / ) ()

:
.
()
.
5
= 5

1.5

= 1.5
.
:
.
():

.
:
( ) /
3

:
1 A 1 V
:
.
:
:
.
():

.
-1 = 10

10 /.
-2 ()

.
-3
()
,
,
.
-4 ()

.
4

:

.
V=IR
-1 L

RL
-2 A
:
:
=
-3 :
.
-4 :
()
:
5

e .
:e
.
. m :
( ) :

.
-1
.
-2 = 1
6

e
( )
1m 1m
1m2 1m2

-1 . m-1 .m

. .
-1 7 10-6 .
1m 7 10-6 = 1m2
7 10-6 .
-2 5.6107 -1m-1
1m 5.6107 -1 = 1m2
5.6107 -1 m-1
7

W
J S = watt = Pw
t .

V .A PW = I V
.
V2
V2 / Pw =
R .

A2 . PW = I2 R
.
() -
P w = VI
.
-1
:
V
A - .
B - .
- .
I - .
:A
Slope = V / I = R
- :A

- : B

- = A :B

.
8

-2 :
) (I
R = V/I
-3 I = V/R
.
I 1/R
V I
-1 :
-2 :
-3 :
( )
9

= gV = mg :
.
-4 . .
V1 = V2
A1L1 = A2L2
: L2 = 3L1
( ) A2 = 13 A1
L2 .
-5 y , x x
r1 y
r2 r3
10

-1
, 5A = .1.6x10-19 C
I = 5A , t = 90 sec
Q = It = 5 x 90 = 450 C
Q = Ne N = Q/e
N = 28125 x 1017 electron
------------------------------------------------------------------
-2 3.96 x 1017
= .1.6 x 10-19 C
------------------------------------------------------------------
-3 ) (1000 watt 220 V
.5 min

-4 150 cm 7.5 x10-5 cm2

15V 3A .
11

-5 2.59 mm 1 2.8 x 10-8

. . m

2 2 40 cm -6
10 . m
-7
e 1 107 0.4
R 4
104
A 4 10
A 40 2 80 cm 2
e 1 107 0.02
R 4
2.5 107
A 80 10
-7 4m 0.2 cm2 5 A . 20 v
V 20
R 4
I 5
1 4
0.5 10 5 1m 1
e RA 4 0.2 10 4
-8 y , x x 1mm
y 2mm 1 mm .
r1 = 0.5 mm , r2 = 1mm , r3 = 0.5 mm
Rx 1 0.25 3

Ry 0.25 1
12

-1
20A . 1.6x10-19 C
)(1.25x1020 electrons
-2 = 1.6x10-19 :
3.2 5x1019
.
)(2x1019e 8A
:
-3 ( 200 50 ,)

.
)(800 - 0.25A 15C 3000J
-4 6.6x1015
= 1.6x10-19C
)(1.056x10-3 A
-5 10 :
) . () .
)(40 - 0.625
-6 3
5
)(45
-7 2m 0.1cm2 10V
2A .
)(25x10-6 . m 4x104 -1.m-1
5 km 0.64 mm -8
.1.79x10-8 . m
)(278
-9 1.25x1019 0.003 cm2 30m
5 v :
= .1.6x10-19 C
)(2.5x10-8 .m 4x107 -1 m-1
-10 35 0.1cm2
25.2 J , 210
.
)(3 m 3.5x10-4 .m
-11 :
13

) .
) .
) .
)(1/16 1/4 1/1
-12 2.5 km
240v 220v
80 A
= .1.75 x 10-8 .m
)(5x10-5 9.99 x10-3 m
-13

.
)(2/1
-14 ) (y , x , 1:2 2:1
.
)(1/2
-15
.
)(8/1
-16

.
)(2/3
-17 10 m 0.1 kg 40m 0.2
kg .
)(8/1
-18 = 1/4 1
2 . 16
( )mg = gV :
)(2
-19 80 cm 1 60 cm
.9 gram
)(0.25
-20 30 m 2x10-6 m2
3V
.1.79 x 10-8 . m
)(11.17 A
14

:
:
.
:
-2 . -1 .
-1 R 3 , R 2 ,R 1
.
I -2
.
-3 V3 ,V2 ,V 1 R 3 , R 2 , R1
V .
:

:
V = V1 + V2 + V3
I Req = I R1 + I R2 + I R3
Req = R1 + R2 + R3
:
-1 R N
=
Req = N R
-2 .
15

:
.
:
-2 . -1 .
-1 R 3 , R2 ,R 1
.
I -2
.
-3 I
V.
-4 I1 R 1 I2 R 2 I 3 R3
I1 + I2 + I3 I :
16

-1 .
-2 R N
:
R
R
N
-3 :
R1 R2
R
R1 R2
-4 .

( ) ( )

I = I1 + I2 + I3 I = I1 = I2 = I3

V = V1 = V2 = V3 V = V1 + V2 + V3
1 1 1 1
Req = R1 + R2 + R3
R R1 R2 R3
-1
-1 .
-2 :
-2 : Req = R N
R -3 :
R
N
-3 : Req = R1 + R2
R R2
R 1
R1 R2
17

-1

-2
()
(
)
.
-3 ()

,
.
-4 ()

L
R
-5 ()
= 10

= 10
-1 R ( )I
:
- - -
- -
18

- : ( ) V I
- : ( )A , L ,
- : ( )
- : ( )
- :
( )P = V2/R PV2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-2 ) (R
:
- :
R
R1 3R , R2
3
R1 3R 9 R 9

R2 R R 1
3
1
R2 R1
9
- :
R1 I 2 9 I
2
R2 I1 1 I1
I 2 9 I1

- :
2
V
Pw B
R
P1 R2 R 1

P2 R1 3 3R 9
P2 9 P1

19

: :
-1
:

()
()
( )
R '1 = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6 ) (1 , 3 , 2
R1 R2 63
R2 2 6 , 3
R1 R2 6 3
R3 = 2 + 2 + 4 = 8 ) (2 , 2 , 4
20

68
Req 3.428 6 , 8
68
()2 ()1
()4 ()3
21

()6 ()5
-2 K
S R1 , R2
S:
R = S

-3 ( = )
= a b
20
22

23

()1
()2
()3
()4
()6 ()5
24

()8 ()7
()9
()10
25

-2 :
-3 :
-4 :
26

27

()4
()5
()6
()7
()8
28

()4
()10
()11
()12
()13
()14
29

: :
-1
:
( )
( )
-2 R = R/4
-1 0.1 A 1.2 V
abcd :
: ab : ac

)(3 , 2.25
-2 60
.
abcd -3 20 , 10 , 15 , 5

5 .2A
)(4.5 , 1.8 A
-4 :
-5 abcde 30 , 12 , 10 , 8 , 20
,
:

30

-6 9
.
) (5
-7
24 V 1 3 A .
)(28
-8
I = 6A ac
= .............
()6432
-9 abcd
......... = bc
()6321
-10 abcd
......... = bc
-11
4
.........
)(8 - 4 - 2 -
-12
= I ........
31

-1 :
&
-2 :
Pw = I V
: :

V2 Pw = I2 R
Pw
R :
: .
.
:
P1 , P2 k
.

P1
P2
:
........................................................................
........................................................................
.......................................................................
32

R3 , R2 , R1 :
VB r
R I
:

:
'VB = V + V
VB = I R + Ir
)VB = I (R + r
33

:Req

r :

= + .
k k
VB
= I = I A
Req + r
V2
V2 = VB I r V2 = VB
V1
V1 = I R = V1

-2 K -1 k
I = 0 :
V1
V1 = I R = 0
V1 = I R
( V2 V2 = VB Ir V2 = VB
) .
V2 = VB Ir
34

-5
: VB
.
:
.Ir
:

.
:1
:
VB = V + Ir
:2 ()
: ,VB = V + Ir
.
:3 ()
: .
: 4
= Ir V = VB Ir :
- 1 r = 0
- 2 I = 0
- 3 ( )
:
:
V = VB Ir = +
slope = - r
35

-1 :
: :
: :

V = Ir
: :
-2 :
-3 :
:

VB1 > VB2 :
V1 = VB1 I r1

:
V2 = VB2 + I r2
36

: 2013 & 2009
S
S
S R
r
: :
V = VB Ir V = VB Ir
Ir
I Ir
: :
. .
- R :
R

.
( R /2

) .
37

-1 60 , 30 20
12 V , .
)(10 - 1.2 A 0.6 A, 0.4 A , 0.2 A
-2 40 , 20 10
0.1 A , 0.5 A 0.4 A
2
)(15 V
-3 16 , 6 , 8 1.2
4 V , 6 V , 2 V
.
)(7.5 V
-4 ) (R1 , R2 , R3 , R4
(0.3 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.2) A
R1 = 6 , R3 = 15 1
.
)(14 or 7.667 , 8.4 V or 6.9 V
30 -5
.
)(90 , 10 , 45 , 20
-6 R
.R
-7 180 5
.
)(6 30
-8 6 , 4 6 V 0.6
:
.
38

.
.4
)(2 A 12 watt 5.76 watt
-9 ) (R1 , R2 6 27
.
)(9 , 18
-10 8 V , 1
R
0.8 A 0.2 A
R .
)(9 - 30
-11 R I
R/2
.R
)(R/3
1.9 0.5 A -12

10.6 0.125 A VB.
)( 1.45 V
-13 130 V
300 , 400 :200
: .
: .
)(30 V , 40 V
-14 4 4 V 0.8 A
1 m 1 mm2 0.2 A
.
-15 50cm 2mm2

0.5 2A
6A
:
) .
) .
-1
)(9 V 1.25 x 105 -1 m
39

-16 (10 , 5 , 2) m
,1.5 .
4 A .
)(2.4 , 6 , 12 ) , (2.5 A , 1 A, 0.5 A
-17 5 watt 0.5 A

1 m 0.001 cm2 5 x 10-7 m
.
)(I = 2.5A
-18 60 watt
220V
4.1A
)(15
-19 36 watt , 12 V
21 V

.
)(3
-20 5 A
110 V
620 .2
)(31
-21 100 V
200 V
.250
)(0.4 A
40

, .

.
:
,

,
.
, ( ) +
:
( ,) -

:
,
( ( ) ( )
( )

.
41

: I
,
:
:
.
VB = I R
(VB)1 + (VB)2 = I R1 + I R2
(VB)1 + (VB)2 I R1 - I R2 = 0

()
,

.
:
42

( ) , , ()
() )

.

VB VB

:
=
= ( 1)
-1 .
43

-2
-3 ( ) :
-4 ( )
-5 :
VB = I R
:
+VB
-
VB
:
+ I R
- I R
-6 / .
-7 .
:
.
.

1-
R3, R2, R1 :
( : )
44

:
:
)(c , f
c
I3 = I 1+ I 2 ) (1
f c
abcfa
loop1
:
VB = I R
6 4 = 3I 1 2I2 )2 = 3I 1 2I2 .. (2
:
3 .loop1
2 .loop1
6V .loop1
4V .loop1
fcdef
loop2 .
)4 = 2 I2 + 8 I 3 .. (3
45

( )3( ,)2( ,)1

.
: I3 ( )1 ()3
:
)I 1+ I 2 = I3 .. (1
) 4 = 2 I 2 + 8 ( I 1+ I 2
)3I 1 2I2 = 2.. (2
2 I 2 + 8 I 1 +8 I 2 = 4
)2 I2 + 8 I 3 = 4 .. (3
)10 I 2 + 8 I 1 = 4 .(4
-1 ( ) ( )2 ()4
)10 I 2 + 8 I 1 = 4 (4
: )3I 1 2I2 = 2 .. (2
(5 )2
)- I 1+ I 2 I3 + 0 = 0 .. (1
)10 I 2 + 8 I 1 = 4 (4
)3I 1 2I2 + 0 2 = 0.. (2 )- 10 I2 + 15I 1 = 10 .(2

)0 + 2 I2 + 8 I 3 4 = 0 .. (3 23 I1 = 14
-2 : I 1 = 0.608 A
I1 ) (4
I2
)10 I 2 + 8 I 1 = 4 (4
10 I 2 + 8 (0.608) = 4
10 I 2 + 4.864 = 4
: 10 I 2 = 4 4.864
10 I 2 = 0.864
I1 = 0.608 A
I 2 = 0.0864 A
( I 2
I2 = - 0.0864 A
I2
).
I1 I2
I3 = 0.5216 A
( )1 I3
I3 = I 1+ I 2 ) (1
I 3 = 0.608 - 0.0864 = 0.5216 A
46

I3 R3
0.5216.
2
R3, R2, R1 :
( : )
: c
)I 1 = I 2 + I 3 .(1
ABCFA
loop1
10 3 = 20 I 1 + 6 I 2
)7 = 20 I 1 + 6 I 2 .. (2
47

EDCFE
loop2
8 3 = 6 I 2 - 10 I 3
)5 = 6 I 2 10 I 3 .. (3
( )1
I3=I1I2
I 3 ( )3
5 = 6 I 2 10 (I1 I2) 5 = 6 I 2 10 I1 +10 I2
)5 = 16 I 2 10 I1(4
) (2, 4 )2 (4
32 I 2 20 I1 = 10
6 I 2 + 20 I 1 = 7
38 I2 = 17
I2 = 0.447 A
I 2 ( )4
5 + 10 I 1 16 X 0.447 = 0
5 + 10 I 1 7.152 = 0 10 I 1 2.152 = 0
I 1 = 0.215 A .
I 1 R1 0.215
( )1 I 3
I3=I1I2
I 3 = 0.215 0.447
I 3 = 0.232 A .
I 3 R3 0.232
( I 3 I 3
)
48

3 -
49

------------------------------------------------------
50

-1 :
VB1 , VB2 -
be
)(5.8 V 15 V 8 V
-2 :
- VB1
- B
)(11.5 V 7 V
-3 :
-
-

(1.42 A 1.26A 0.16A 10.6 V

)6.02 V
-4 :
20 V = B
:
- .
A
- 2
)(14 V 42 V 0 242 watt
51

-5 :
-
- 4
)(0.6 V 0.4 V
-6 :
)(1.18
-7
:
- 6
.
- .
-7 :

6

.
)(5
52

-8
2.5A :
-
- ab
-
2 10.
)(2A 3V 20 J
-9
= xz
12 V:
- y
VB -
- 10 V
)(12V 6V 4V
-10
= ab
4 V:
- VB
- 2V
- xy
)(5V - 1 - 24V
-11
5V = ab:
- R
- VB
-
3 3.
)(2 - 2V 540 J
53

-12 :
- VB
- ab
- R
.
)(4V 2V 45 watt
-13 :
15V = ab
:
-
-
- 16V
-
R
)(1A 17V 16 watt 27 watt
-14 :

:
- K
- K
)(0.5 A 9V , 3A 8V
-15 :
- ab
- R
- VB
)(35 V 17 - 3V
54

-16
= 7.4 V :
- VB
- I2
- R
)(8 V 0.4 A 3
-17
:
- 4 K
K
R 2A
ab:
- R
- a c
)(1A 7 - 8V
-18
:

- ab
)(0.05 A 5 V
-19 Vab
= 60V:
- A1 , A2
- ab
)(3.8 A 2A 12V
55

-20

4A = X Y
14V :
- R
- VB
)(4 - 4V
-21 :
-
- ab
)(5A 7V
-22 :
- 10V
- VB
-
10 .
)(2 - 6V 190 J
-23 :
I1 , I2 , I3 , I4
)(2A 14A 3A 9A
56

.1
.
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 ,
.
.6
.
.7 .
.8
.
.9 .
.10 .
.11 .
.12 .
.13 , .
.14 .
.15 .
.16
...
() .1
() .2
() .3
() .4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.

.1 5A
.2 6 v
57

.3 1.5 v
:
.1 ,
, .
.2 .
.3
.
.4
.
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8
.
.9 .
.10 , .
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ( ).
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.10
.11
...
. .1
. .2
. .3
, . .4
. .5
. .6
. .7
58

.8 ,
.9
.10 .
:
-1 .
.
-2 .
.
-3 .
.

-1

-2
:
-1
R1 < R2 < R3 -2
-3 :
-
-
- 2

-4
1A
a
1.2A
b
2A R1, R2, R3
59

-5 :
-

:
)(10V , 20V , 30V , 40V , 50V
-

- :

by , ab , xa
-6

V A :
)V (V 3 6 9 12 15
)I (A 5 4 3 2 1
V
I :
- VB
-
)(18 V - 3
-7
:
)V (V 9 8 7 6 5
)I (A 1 2 3 4 5
V I :
-
- VB ,
4A
)(1 - 10V 1.5
60

+ +

- =

e = 1.6 10-19 C
-1 2 m 0.2 cm2 1.5 A 7.5 V

( ( )2 10 4 -1.m-1 ) 98
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-2 0.1 mm 5 10-7.m :
( ) 2 106 -1.m-1 - .
( ( ) 3.14 m ) 91 - 200
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-3 30 m 2 10 -6 m2
( ) 11.17 A 3 V 1. 79 10 -8 .m
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
1
-4 2 A 10 V
( ) 2 106 -1.m-1 2 m 0.1 cm2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-5 30 m 0.3 cm2
0.8 V 2 A
( ( ) 2.5 106 -1m-1 ) 94
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-6
( ) z y x x : y : z

( ( ) 8 : 3 : 2 x ) ( 2015 )
......................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-7 5 mA 10 s

( 0.05 C ) 3.125 1017 1.6 10-19
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-8 12.5 1018 3 10-7 m2 30 m
5 V 1.6 10-19
( ( ) 2.5 10-8 .m ) 94
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2
-9 1.25 m 5 10 - 4 cm2 4 10 -7 m
2 A 20.5 V
( ) 0.5 V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-10 2.5 km
240 V 220 V 80 A
( ) 5 10-5 : -
) ( 0.01 m - 1.57 10-8 .m
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
R1 L1 A2 -1
=
R2 L2A1
R1 L1 r22 R1 L12 m2
= =
R2 L2r12 R2 L22 m1
-2
e1 A1 L2 R1
= e2
A2 L1 R2
-3

- L2 = 3L1 A2 = 13 A1
-11
( ) R2 = 9R1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3
-12
) ( R2 = 16 R1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-13 50 m 0.05 cm2 10
( ) 5 20 m 4 mm2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-14 4 :
) ( R2 = 16 -
) ( R2 = 0.25 -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-15
( ( ) 2 : 1 )92
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-16

()8:1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4
-17 200
) ( R2 = 200
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-18 10 m 0.1 kg 40 m 0.2 kg
()8:1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-19
()2:3
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
5
-1 :
- : ( )
- : ( ) .
- ( )
-2 :
- .
- .
- .
- .
-3 :
R = I V
V
( ) =
R
R 1 R2
=R -4
R1 + R 2
-5 : .
-6
r VB .
-7
r VB .
R -8
:
-

-
R

6
-1 1 A 6 V
( ) 91 ()6
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-2 30 m 0.3 cm2 5 10-7 . m
8.5 18 V 1
( ( ) 1.8 A 98 ) 2004
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-3 120 80 4
4V:
)(1A -
- ( ) 0.6 A 0.4 A 48 V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-4 30
50
10.8 V 1 ) 0.1 A 0.15 A ( .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
7
-5 3 ) 85 70 25 ( 45 V
:
) ( 0.25 A - .
( ) 21.25 V 17.5 V 6.25 V - .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-6 20 V 1.25 ( )
5 15 ( ) 45 :
( ) 48.75 - .
( ( ) 0.1 A 0.3 A 0.4 A ) 91 -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-7 80 120 4
4 4 V :
()1A - .
- ( ) 0.4 A 0.6 A 48 V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-8 2000
12 V 0.04 A
( ) 92 ( ) 352.94
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
8
-9 130 V 400 300
200 (
( ) 40 V 30 V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-10
3 A
( ( ) 1 A 2 A ) 2011
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-11 R ) ) I R
2
) R (
3
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-12 5 A 110 V
620
( 31 ) 2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-13 110 V 10 A
60
( 6 ) 1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
9
-14 230V 20
- 10
( 21 ) ( 11 ( ( ) 2006 1A
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-15 40 15 A
( ) 2008 ( 5 ) 120 V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-16 80 20 5 20
21
) 20 ( 5
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-17 Vab
200 V :
-1 ( ) 100
-2 ) 2 A ( R1
-3 ( ) 1.6 A ( R5 2015 )
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-18 :
4 V :
() 6V -1 b c
( ( ) 14 V 2014 ) -1 a c
10
-19 :
R S
X Y - 1 A = R
( ) 15 5 5 V ( 20 V = ) Y X S , R
- S 20 Y X
( ) 2.5 V R
- S 30 10 V = R
( ( ) 30 V ) 92 Y , X
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-20 :
5V
()5 - ( ) R
( ) 15 - ( ) S
- ( ) S
( ) 2 V 0.4 A 30 .
.........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
-21 : ABCD
-1
-2 (
( ( ) 13 V ) 2015 0.25 A 1
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
( ) 1 14 -22 R
...................................................................................................
11
20V
-23 7 2 A
:
2A
A
12 ( ) 14 V - 7
7
R ( ) 0.5 A - 12
((4 - R
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
10
-24 6
6
15 48 V :
12 30 ( ) 12 A - I
8 ( ) 96 V - 8
A B ( ) 204 V - B , A
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-25 900 8
( ) 0.5 A 45 V
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-26 R3 = 2 R2 = 3 R1 = 6
1 R1 1A :
-1 ) ) 2 A
-2 ( ) 6 V
-3 ( ( ) 15 V 2009 )
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
12
7 4 -27 7
VB = 12 V 10
10 6
8 ( ( ) 0.3 A 0.6 A ) 91
...........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-28 :
10
( )5 -
3 8 ()2A -
- ( ) 0.33 A ) 6 ) 2011
6 ....................................................................................................
r=0
....................................................................................................
VB = 10 v
................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-29 ( ) 6 = R4 = R3 = R2 = R1 E
( ) VB = 4 v :
()8 -
( ) /2 A 1/6 A -
1
............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-30 1A
( ) 10V ( )
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
13
-31 :
( ) 6A 72V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-32 :
() 5 -
()3A - .
( ) ( 7.5 V ) 2012 - b a
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-33 :
( ) 0.2A 1.2V
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-34 A1 1A A2
2A r =1 :
( ) 9 - R
( ) 9 - 12V -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
14
-35 50 V
R 10V R
( ) 40
........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-36 :
- ( ) 1 A
( ) 22.5 V -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-37 :
( ) 12.5 -1
)(2A -2
( ( ) 15 V ) 2008 -3 C B
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-38 :
( ) 10 -1
-2 1A
( ) ( 24 V ) 2014
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
15
-39 :
( ) 24 -1
-2 30
( ( ) 78 V 2014 ) 1 A r = 2
..........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-40 12 V 0.4
A R 4.6 :
( ) 12 V - .
( ) 2.4 A -
( ) 11.04 V -
A
...................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-41 :
( ) 0.5 A 2 V -1 K
( ) 0.3 A 1.2 V -2 K
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
-42 :
( ) 0.25 A 1.5 V -1 K
( ) 0.4 A 1.2 V -2 K
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
16
6 -43 30 V
2 12 :
4
()0 -1 K
K
()1A -2 K
12
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4 -44 :
( ) A :
4 A
()2A -1 K
VB = 12 v ( ( ) 1.5 A ) 2005 -2 K
r= 2
.................................. ..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4 3 -45 2 A 3 A
6
A ( ) 24 V 2
..................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
-46 4 A
6 A
( ) 96 V 4
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
17
-47 V2 , V1 , A .
) ( 0.6 A , 4.8 V , 4.8 V - K

) ( ( 1 A , 4 V , 4 V 07 ) 11 - K
..........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-48 2
:
( ) 0.25A -1.5V - K
( ) 0.2A -1.2V - K
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
K -49 R
3 V 0.3 A R
A R S ( )
R ( ( ) 10 ) 93
V
........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
K -50 12 V K
K 9 V 1.5 A :
V R ( ) 12 V - . .
() 2 - .
A () 6 - R
2
- R 6 m 0.1 cm
( ) 2000 ( ( 10 5 -1m-1
....................................................................................................................................................
18
-51 :
- K2 K1
- K2 K1
- K2 K1
( ( ( 60 V 90 V 0 ) 2008
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-52 : 2 A
2.8 A :
() 2 -
( ( ( 28 V ) 2012 -
..........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
-53 2
k 12 V 10 V
( ( ) 1A 20 ) 2014 R
.................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
V1
-54 :
-1 V1 V2 I
VB
K S
- V 2 V1
V2

( ) 2005 -2 K V1 V2
19
V1
K R -55 :
K R 5 :
VB=10V, r =1
( ( 9V,4V - V1 V2 .
S - V1 V2 R
4 ( ( 10 V , 0 - V1 V2 K
V2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
R3 , R2 , R1 :
- ( : )
-
=
- ( : )
-
=
-56 30 20 10 0.05 A 0.2 A 0.15 A

( ) 27.5 .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-57 1 , 3 , 6 0.3 A ,
0.2 A , 0.1 A
( ( ) 3 ) 2006
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
20
-58 40 , 20 , 10
0.1 A , 0.5A , 0.4A .
( ( ) 15 V ) 2005 2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-59 20 , 40 , 80
0.4 , 0.5 , 0.1
( ) 30 V 4
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-60 60 , 40 , 25
30 V , 20 V , 50 V :
( ) 20 -
) ( 2.5 A -
) ( ) 50 V 2009 ) 2013 -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-61 ( ) 3 9 18 ( ) 0.3 0.2 0.1
( ( ) 9 ) 99 .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-62 ( ) 100 60 40 2 A
( ) 100 V 1 A
....................................................................................................................................................
21
-63 R1
32 watt R2
( ) 128 watt 16 V
...................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-64
()9:1
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-65 4 = R2 6 = R1 6 V
0.1 :
) ( 2.4 A -
) ( 14.4 Watt - .
( ( ( 8.2944 Watt / 5.5296 Watt ) 90 - R1 R2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-66 50 220
( 22 ) 5 A
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
22
+ + + + -1 :
- - - -
-
VB
V B = V B1 + VB 2
1 VB
VB1 > VB2 2
VB = V B 1 - VB 2 -
- VB 2 + VB 3 [] ) VB 1 + VB 2 ) - VB 1
VB VB
1
+ - - +
2
+ -
-

VB
3
-2 = . . -
( ) V1 = VB1 I r1
- 3 ( ) :
V = VB - I r
- 4 ( ) :
V = VB + I r
r = r1 + r2 + r3+ . -5
VB
=I
R + r1 + r2 + r3
10
15 15 -67
5 25 25 2
( ) 2001 ( ) 0.083 A 20
..........................................................................................
VB1 = 4 V VB2 = 8 V
..........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
10 -68 :
5 15 ( ) 10 - .
10 20 -
) ) 0.75 A 1
VB1 = 6 V VB2 = 3 V ) ) 0.125 A - 20
23
-69
40 2
( ) 20 0.15 A
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-70 10.6 125 mA 1.9
( ( ) 1.45 V ) 97 0.5 A . . .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-71 2 0.5 A 5
( ) 1.5 V 0.25 A ..
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-72 6 2 A
( ) 27 V 6 A .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-73 1 0.5 V 3
()1 1V 0.75 V . .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
24
-74 r 2 0.5 A
7.8 1/6 A :
) ( 0.9 -
) ( 1.45 V -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-75 50 cm 2 mm2
0.5 2 A
6 A
( ( ) 1.25 -1 m-1 105 ( ) 9 V 95 08 ) 09
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-76 8 mA ( )
10 mA
( ( ) 1 : 2) 93
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-77 4 mA ( ) AB
30 mA B A
( ( ) 1 : 3 ) 2012
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
25
-78 0.1 A 1.2 V
:
() 3 -
( ( ) 2.25 ) 95 -
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-79 100 V
200 V
) (( 0.415 A ) 90 240
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-80 36 watt 12 V
21 V

( ( ) 3 ) 2007 .
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-81 6 R
0.6 A
0.1A :
( ( ) 50 ) 92 - () 9 - R
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
26
-82 80 12
()5 20
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-83 12 V 0.5
( ) 20 2
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
-84 % 75 40
20A 600 V
( ) 80
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
27
Ahmed Haider
Author's works:
Online published;
1. Mathematical fundamentals for physics students, 2009
2. Ordinary differential equations, 2009
3. Special functions, 2010
4. Introduction to electrodynamics, 2010
5. Experimental skills, 2010
6. Quantum view of harmonic oscillator, 2010
7. Numerical methods, 2013
Lectures, seminars and projects:
1. Study the effect of ageing time on some electrical and mechanical
properties of the aircraft material 2024 AL- alloys by Ohmic and LCR
techniques, Minia university, 2011
2. Accelerating universe, Public lecture on Astrophysics, 2012
3. Aluminum and Aluminum alloys, seminar of metallurgy, Ain Shams
University, 2013
4. Science communications (approach), 2014
5. Physics in use series, 2014, 2015, 2016
6. Chemistry in use series, 2014, 2015, 2016
7. Nanofluids as a coolant of computer processor, semester seminar, PAS
at BSU 2015
8. Nanofluids: Preparation, Characterization and Applications, Msc.
project seminar, 2016
For more details:
E-mail: ahmed.haider90@hotmail.com

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التيار الكهربي وفوانين اوم وكيرشوف

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3

N = 28125 x 1017 electron

-4 150 cm 7.5 x10-5 cm2

-5 2.59 mm 1 2.8 x 10-8

r1 = 0.5 mm , r2 = 1mm , r3 = 0.5 mm

: 2013 & 2009

)(10 - 1.2 A 0.6 A, 0.4 A , 0.2 A

)(14 or 7.667 , 8.4 V or 6.9 V

1.9 0.5 A -12

-15 50cm 2mm2

-17 5 watt 0.5 A

( )3( ,)2( ,)1

I 3 = 0.608 - 0.0864 = 0.5216 A

(1.42 A 1.26A 0.16A 10.6 V

)(14 V 42 V 0 242 watt

-1 2 m 0.2 cm2 1.5 A 7.5 V

) ( 0.6 A , 4.8 V , 4.8 V - K

-56 30 20 10 0.05 A 0.2 A 0.15 A

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