FUAD HARWADI

Jl. Skip I No. 46

Tanjung Selor - 77211
Kab. Bulungan - KALTIM
Hp : 081252900070
Phone /Fax : 0552-2024090
e-mail : fuhar_71@yahoo.com

( PENGERTIAN DASAR TANAH)

 PENGERTIAN TANAH
( DESCRIPTION of SOIL )
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL
1. Description of Soil
2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering
Tanah didefinisikan sebagai material yang terdiri dari agregat
(butiran) mineral padat yang tidak tersementasikan (terikat secara
kimia) satu sama lain dari bahan-bahan organik yang telah
melapuk disertai dengan zat cair dan gas mengisi ruang-ruang
kosong di antara partikel-partikel padat tersebut.

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape TANAH PENDUKUNG
PONDASI DARI
5. Soil Mineralogy BANGUNAN dan
SEBAGAI MATERIAL
KONSTRUKSI
 PERMASALAHAN TANAH dalam TEKNIK SIPIL
( SOIL PROBLEMS in CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 PEMBENTUKAN dan KANDUNGAN TANAH
( SOIL FORMATION and SOIL DEPOSITS )
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.
Tanah merupakan hasil pelapukan batuan
BASIC PRINCIPLES Dikelompokkan dalam 2 group besar,
of SOIL yaitu:

1. Description of Soil a. Tanah yang terjadi oleh penumpukan produk

pelapukan batuan
2. Soil Problems in ditempat asalnya : TANAH RESIDU =
Civil Engineering
residual soils
3. Soil Formation and
Soil Deposits b. Tanah yang terjadi oleh produk pelapukan
yang kemudian terbawa ke tempat lain :
4. Soil Texture & TANAH SEDIMEN = transported soils
Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.
A. TANAH RESIDU
BASIC PRINCIPLES (RESIDUAL SOIL):
of SOIL --------------------------
Tanah
1. Description of Soil yang
Terbentuk
2. Soil Problems in
oleh
Civil Engineering
penumpukan
3. Soil Formation and produk
Soil Deposits pelapukan
batuan
4. Soil Texture & ditempat
Particle Shape Asalnya.
5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES b.1. Tanah glacial

of SOIL
Terbentuk karena
1. Description of Soil produk pelapukan
terangkut dan
2. Soil Problems in terdeposisi oleh
Civil Engineering es atau oleh
gletser
3. Soil Formation and
(sungai es).
Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
b.2. Tanah aeolian
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil
Terbentuk
2. Soil Problems in karena produk
Civil Engineering pelapukan
terangkut
3. Soil Formation and dan terdeposisi
Soil Deposits
oleh
4. Soil Texture & angin
Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL b.3. Tanah aluvial

1. Description of Soil
Terbentuk
2. Soil Problems in karena
Civil Engineering produk pelapukan
terangkut
3. Soil Formation and oleh
Soil Deposits air dan
4. Soil Texture & terdeposisi
Particle Shape sepanjang sungai

5. Soil Mineralogy
 TEKSTUR TANAH & BENTUK PARTIKEL
( SOIL TEXTURE & PARTICLE SHAPE)
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
(Robert D. Holtz & William D.Kovacs, 1981)

Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. PARTIKEL TANAH

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 MINERAL TANAH
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. ( SOIL MINERALOGY)

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil
MINERAL BUKAN LEMPUNG MINERAL TANAH LEMPUNG
2. Soil Problems in ( NONCLAY MINERALS IN SOILS) ( CLAY MINERALS)
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits
KERIKIL (GRAVEL)
4. Soil Texture &
Particle Shape PASIR (SAND)

LANAU (SILT)
5. Soil Mineralogy
GAMBUT (PEAT)
 MINERAL BUKAN LEMPUNG
( NONCLAY MINERALS IN SOILS)
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES Karakter fisik ditentukan terutama oleh :

of SOIL
Ukuran partikel
1. Description of Soil
Bentuk
Texture permukaan
2. Soil Problems in Distribusi ukuran
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits
Material ini dihasilkan dari suatu proses pelapukan dan
pecahnya batuan lama karena pengaruh cuaca.
4. Soil Texture &
Particle Shape
Jenis mineral yang paling banyak terdapat dalam tanah
5. Soil Mineralogy
adalah QUARTZ.
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 Gambar Bentuk Pasir
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. dan Partikel Lanau.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 MINERAL LEMPUNG
( CLAY MINERALS)
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES SUSUNAN TANAH LEMPUNG

of SOIL
Merupakan koloid yg sangat kecil < 0,002 mm
1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in Partikel lempung berbentuk seperti lembaran/lempengan

Civil Engineering yg memiliki struktur atom yang berulang dan permukaan
3. Soil Formation and
yang khusus, sehingga tanah lempung sangat
Soil Deposits dipengaruhi oleh gaya-gaya permukaan.

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape Susunan kebanyakan tanah lempung terdiri dari :
Silika Tetrahedra ( 1 silikon + 4 Oksigen)
5. Soil Mineralogy
Aluminium Oktahedra ( 1 Aluminium + 6 Oksigen)
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Gambar SILIKIA TETRAHEDRA
Particle Shape (a) Tetrahedron ; (b) Silica Sheet
5. Soil Mineralogy
 Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL

1. Description of Soil

2. Soil Problems in
Civil Engineering

3. Soil Formation and

Soil Deposits
Gambar ALUMINIUM OKTAHEDRA
4. Soil Texture &
(c) Octahedron ; (d) Alumina Sheet
Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 JENIS MINERAL TANAH LEMPUNG
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT.

BASIC PRINCIPLES
of SOIL
YANG DOMINAN :
1. Description of Soil Mineral Formulasi Struktural
2. Soil Problems in Kaolinite Si2 Al2 O5 (OH)4
Civil Engineering
Illite Si3.5 Al0.5 (Mg2 Fe) O10 (OH)2 K0.7
3. Soil Formation and Monmorillonite / Bentonite Si4 (Al1.7 Mg0.3 ) O10 (OH)2 K0.3
Soil Deposits
Dan lain-lain.
4. Soil Texture &
Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
 KAOLINITE
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. Ukuran : < 2m
Particle Shape : Platy
BASIC PRINCIPLES Thick of layer : 7
of SOIL
Specific Surface : 20 m2/g
Specific Gravity : 2.60
1. Description of Soil
PI : 1 40 % Diagram of the structure of
2. Soil Problems in Thixotropie : Weak kaolinite
Civil Engineering Swelling : NOT
3. Soil Formation and
Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy
Electron photomicrograph of well-crystallized
kaolinite from St Austell, Cornwall, England.
Picture width is 17m ( Tovey,1971).
 ILLITE
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. Particle size : < 2m
Particle Shape : Platy
BASIC PRINCIPLES Thick of layer : 10 - 12
of SOIL
Specific Surface : 115 m2/g
Specific Gravity : 2.80
1. Description of Soil
PI : 20 50 %
2. Soil Problems in Thixotropie : Weak Diagram of the structure of Illite
Civil Engineering Swelling : WEAK
3. Soil Formation and
Soil Deposits

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape Scanning electron photomicrograph of illite-
smectite clay in a tight gas reservoir pore
space. Clays in the tight rocks complicate
5. Soil Mineralogy
interpretation of reservoir quality and can
impede gas recovery. Bar is 10 micrometers
long.
 MONTMORILLONITE
Fuad Harwadi, ST., MT. Ukuran : < 0,5 m
Particle Shape : Platy
BASIC PRINCIPLES Thick of layer : 11 - 15
of SOIL
Specific Surface : 80 m2/g
Specific Gravity : 2.65 2.80
1. Description of Soil
PI : 300 600 %
2. Soil Problems in Thixotropie : High
Civil Engineering Swelling : HIGH
3. Soil Formation and Diagram of the structure of
Soil Deposits monmorillonite

4. Soil Texture &

Particle Shape

5. Soil Mineralogy

Scanning Electron photomicrograph of

monmorillonite (bentonite)