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Avstreamingdg Reve PDF
Avstreamingdg Reve PDF
Streaming stands out as the next big step as the AV industry continues to innovate. Streaming can enhance
AV system capabilities by: 1) Extending visual communication beyond a room or building, to any destination
globally, 2) Increase the scalability of AV distribution systems, 3) Simplify cable infrastructure management, and
4) Provide the ability to record, document and analyze audio, video, and graphic data and produced by a variety
of AV sources. Each one of the opportunities described here can increase the operating efficiency within an
organization, or reduce capital expenditure and operating costs for audiovisual installations.
Extron offers a mature range of streaming products that support a diverse set of applications. The SME 100
encoder and SMD 101 decoder are H.264 streaming products developed to provide video processing, control,
and networking capabilities for professional AV systems. They are ideal for streaming within an enterprise and
can provide compatibility with a variety of decoding devices. For demanding, quality-critical applications, Extron
VN-Matrix high resolution streaming and recording products offer visually lossless quality, very low latency, and
error resilience, exceeding the performance characteristics of standards-based compression systems.
These products are just the start. Look for Extron to continue to produce new streaming products that fulfill the
requirements and challenges encountered by AV systems. Additionally, Extrons in-depth training programs,
system design, and support provide an essential element to success in this evolving technology space.
Proficiency in AV streaming will be essential to future success in the AV industry. This guide has been created
as a starting point for Extron customers to achieve that goal. It provides technical reference data, and real-world
system designs that illustrate practical and effective streaming applications using Extron streaming products.
Glossary
www.extron.com 1
AV Streaming over IP Networks
Continued Streaming applications have been around for over Customer expectations for streaming continue
advancement of a decade, and we encounter them every day in to increase as users become more and more
our personal and professional lives. Streaming accustomed to the delivery and consumption
networking and is an powerful new technology to apply in of visual content over networks in their daily
streaming protocols, professional AV systems; transporting media lives. Continued advancement of networking
hardware, and network over the network where it can be extended to and streaming protocols, hardware, and
infrastructure has distant locations or recorded for reuse. Streaming network infrastructure has made AV streaming a
makes many exciting, new applications possible, practical solution in more and more applications.
made AV streaming and in some cases, offers an alternative method The continued rise in popularity is also
a practical solution to managing audio and video signals using attributable to video being easily accessible on
in more and more traditional AV equipment. personal computers, laptops, iPads, tablets,
applications. smartphones, and many other platforms in both
The word streaming can be applied to many consumer and professional applications.
different industrial and consumer applications
where audio, video, and computer-based media Critical Factors to Streaming
are delivered over IP networks. Streaming video Streaming applications require varying degrees of
continues to gain popularity because it delivers attention to a range of device, system, and user
pre-recorded or live content to users over a requirements such as:
network. Dedicated AV cables are not required
between sources and display systems for live 1) Network environment and available bandwidth
viewing, nor is there a requirement to download 2) Streaming bit rate
or store large content files prior to playback. 3) Latency
Network connections, reaching virtually any 4) Scalability
location, can deliver content to a range of 5) Device compatibility
devices, including computers, mobile devices, 6) Application workflow
media players, and dedicated video displays.
This design guide video transport and delivery take on a very equipment located across a country, or around
reviews subjects critical different set of requirements. the world. While network designs can support
high bandwidths, IP networks cannot always
to understanding
Meeting spaces and classrooms for professional guarantee AV signals can be delivered in the
technical details and educational users have long been designed same way a directly connected cable can.
relevant to streaming and installed to produce high resolution
applications including images for viewing by many participants. The Table 1-1 identifies a variety of performance
expectation in these environments is that content expectations that exist for different streaming
fundamental
will not only be broadly accessible, but must applications. Each application can be referred to
characteristics of video be very high resolution as it will be presented as streaming but they all require a different class
signals, compression, on large displays. Some of these professional of performance.
encoding, network applications may also require low latency to
support real-time communication. Use of private This design guide reviews subjects critical to
environments,
networks in professional environments usually understanding technical details relevant to
streaming protocols offers greater bandwidth and quality of service streaming applications including fundamental
and system scalability. - QoS, making higher performance possible characteristics of video signals, compression,
using streaming equipment with a flexible set of encoding, network environments, streaming
controls. In these environments, attention must protocols and system scalability. Focus is given
still be placed on keeping the interface simple to streaming in professional AV environments,
for the user. Figure 1-2 identifies a series of enterprise video streaming, distance collaboration
streaming applications and categorizes them systems and real-time mission critical
into one of two broad categories: Performance applications. Each of the following topics will
and Accessibility. receive specific attention:
Consider the needs of large, multi-national The nature of video & graphics: Video from
organizations with global operations. Their cameras and production systems is different from
desire is to integrate operations and facilitate graphic material that originates on a computer.
communication between far-flung staff. Low- Supporting these two different formats with
delay video transport can be a requirement for quality in streaming applications requires that
many of their streaming applications, so that compression systems preserve both their
individuals can interact, collaborate, or control common and unique attributes.
High
Performance
Quality, Visual collaboration
Two-way, HD videoconferencing
Real-time Remote control of video equipment
Communication
and Control Real-time broadcast video contribution
Distance collaboration
Bit Rate
Private Networks
Public or Private
Video on Demand
Accessibility
Video monitoring
Content Playback Presentation webcasting
Low and One-way Delivery
IP video surveillance
Distance learning
Ultra Low
Figure 1-2. Streaming
applications categorized into
real-time Performance or content Low Latency High
Accessibility applications
YouTube Videoconferencing
Internet radio Road and weather
Hotel entertainment Security Telepresence VoIP
Application IPTV Webinars
Distance learning Surveillance Collaboration
Cable TV
Education Audiovisual
Input and Output One to many One to many Few to few One to many Few to few
Network Public Public and private Private Public Private & virtual private
Application
Open Open Closed Open Closed
Environment
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AV Streaming over IP Networks
AV applications that The Nature of Electronic Images bit rates. Low latency may also be required to
use 4K displays are Electronic images are delivered in many forms. support real-time communication. Video from
For the sake of clarity, here are a few definitions the outdoor sporting event will have much more
becoming more
that apply to the topics covered in this guide detail and higher motion that is present in the
common. The Ultra as well as discussion of certain attributes of environment and activity as well as panning
HD - 3840x2160 that imagery that is relevant to video streaming and zooming by cameras. The combination
and Digital Cinema applications. of high motion and detail is also referred to as
high entropy. The more entropy in an image, the
Initiatives - DCI 4K
Standard definition video is defined as full- more challenging it is to compress and preserve
standard 4096x2160, motion video images, with a frame rate and quality.
both of which are resolution, around 704480 or less, running at
referred to as 4K can 30 frames per second, or 60 fields per second AV applications that use 4K displays are
interlaced. Analog NTSC and PAL composite becoming more common. The Ultra HD -
be presented on an
video, S-video, and component video were once 3840x2160 and Digital Cinema Initiatives - DCI
increasing number the most common signal formats used, but are 4K standard 4096x2160, both of which are
of projection and flat now replaced by high definition signals. referred to as 4K can be presented on an
panel display products. increasing number of projection and flat panel
High definition video is also full-motion, but display products. Content presented on 4K
with higher resolution, and generally conforming displays may end up originating from computers,
to parameters defined by the ATSC or DVB-T AV processing systems and digital media players
standards. Use of high definition video with a using content transported over a network rather
resolution of 1280x720 or 19201080 running at than from physical storage media such as DVDs
50 or 60 frames per second, is a commonplace and Blu-ray discs.
in consumer and professional applications.
The term graphics refers to computer images
The amount of motion and detail in an image which are typically, but not always, high resolution
can be just as important as its resolution when images. Resolutions of 1920x1080 or 1920x1200
assessing the type of streaming product or bit are commonly used, and devices that can create
rate that may be suitable for an application. 4K imagery such as computers and videowall
Two different examples are presented in Figure processors have existed for some time. Video
1.3. Fast-moving content collected outdoors at and high definition video usually operate in the
a live sporting event exhibits different attributes component YUV color space with 16 bits per
from talking head video collected indoors in a pixel, while computer graphics images normally
meeting room, which has much less motion and utilize the RGB color space with 24 bits per pixel
detail. Streaming products can take advantage providing greater color detail than standards-
Figure 1-3. The amount of detail of the lower motion and detail that exists in the based video formats.
and motion present in a video
signal can vary dramatically by talking head video and apply more aggressive
application compression techniques to stream at lower Computer graphics differ from video in that the
extent of motion in graphic images can vary
widely. Graphic images may be entirely in motion,
partially in motion, or stationary, even though
the content is transported using a signal with
a refresh rate, typically 60 frames per second.
Three categories of motion are discussed here:
training and simulation content. Examples of real- update rate may be as slow as once every one to
time imagery include: five seconds, and sometimes slower. See Figure
1-6.
Synthetically rendered computer animations
which may contain high detail and motion. See Moderate change 15 to 30 frames per
Figure 1-4. second: There is a common intermediate Figure 1-5. Motion video on
requirement in which the great majority of the the desktop. Multiple images
(left) and a single MPEG
Computers presenting video on the desktop at image remains static, but small items, such as window (right).
30 frames per second. The native video frame
rate is converted to 60 frames per second for
the display. A single image or multiple images
may be presented. See Figure 1-5.
The ability to
distinguish between
video content with
low entropy low
motion and detail and
high entropy high
motion and detail can
help identify the types Figure 1-6. Examples of slow changing presentation slides and photographs
of performance and
streaming bandwidth
that may be required
to deliver quality video
in different classes of
streaming applications.
Figure 1-7. Examples of moderately changing images where status data or cursor movements may change
frequently, but the vast majority of the background does not
text, status indication, alarm indication, and are currently defined for operation over twisted
cursor movements require faster update. In the pair and fiber optic cables:
special case of cursor tracking, the update of the
cursor movement must be 15 to 30 frames per 10 Mbps 10Base-T Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
second or equivalent, even if the remainder of the 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u)
image has a slower frame rate. See Figure 1-7. 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z)
10 Gbps 10 Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae)
The ability to distinguish between video content 40/100 Gbps 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet
with low entropy low motion and detail and (IEEE 802.3ba-2010)
high entropy high motion and detail can help
identify the types of performance and streaming The availability of 10 Gbps network equipment
bandwidth that may be required to deliver i s g ro w i n g , b u t b ro a d u s e i s n o t
quality video in different classes of streaming yet commonplace. The bandwidth available
applications. for streaming on enterprise and public network
connections can vary dramatically depending
Defining Networks on the age of deployed equipment, budgetary,
For the purposes of this guide, networks are and environmental factors. Connections made
defined as computer networks conforming to available by service providers can also vary
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards. Four data rates dramatically based on geography and the cost
8 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
of making last mile connections. Examples of the over AV cables dedicated to this single purpose.
wide range of bandwidth available include: Standard definition video was historically
distributed using a single coaxial cable carrying
ISDN: 64-128kbps a composite signal. Graphics and professional
video images expanded on this scenario using
T1 connection speeds of 1.54Mbps and E1 three to five coaxial cables; for example YCbCr
connection speeds of 2.05Mbps or YUV for professional video and RGBHV for
computer graphics.
Cable broadband: Connection speeds from
30Mbps to 100Mbps are available in select Long distance transmission of video historically
locations, but the most common connection relied upon RF modulation techniques. As
speeds available to consumers will support technology has matured, fiber optic distribution The bandwidth
incoming traffic from 7 to 15 Mbps and has become increasingly popular for long available for streaming
outgoing traffic from 1 to 2Mbps. distance transmission of both video and graphics
on enterprise and
signals. Multimode fiber can be used to transmit
LAN switching backbones from 10Gbps to signals up to 2 kilometers (1.25 miles) and public network
2Tbps singlemode fiber can be used to transport signals connections can vary
over 30kilometers (18.75miles). dramatically depending
802.11 Wireless networks are also used for
on the age of deployed
accessing streamed content, most frequently In the broadcast field, well-established digital
by consumer devices. Streaming to wireless standards including 3G-SDI, HD-SDI and SDI equipment, budgetary,
consumer devices introduces additional network are used, supporting distances up to 1,000feet and environmental
transport and quality of service - QoS challenges. (300meters) on a single coaxial cable for SDI factors.
and up to 330 feet (100 meters) for 3G-SDI
Traditional Means of Connecting Images and HD-SDI.
from Source to Display
Until recent years, the traditional means of DVI is a signal format that is used for delivering
connecting images from source to display has images from computers and other AV sources.
used continuous analog or digital signals carried However the complex, multicore cables that are
Many corporate, used to transmit DVI signals are limited to very cables can also pull additional Category cable for
education, short distances, typically 5 meters (16 feet). the AV system, often saving AV integrators time
Recent years have seen a rapid transition to and money. Twisted pair transmission of digital
government, security,
the use of the HDMI signal to transmit digital and analog signals is ideal for distances up to
industrial, and defense AV signals. Conservative cable lengths for 100meters (330feet).
applications require HDMI signals are in the same range as DVI, but
AV sources be equalization and extension products can be A mature range of products are available for
used to transmit HDMI signals up to 45meters extending, switching and distributing AV content
accessible on multiple
(150feet). Frequently HDCP encryption is applied using all of the signals and cable formats
displays within a large to the HDMI signal, providing copy protection for identified here. Extron is a well-known supplier
area or spread over consumer playback products such as Blu-ray of AV distribution amplifiers, interfaces, scalers
several locations. players or cable and satellite receivers. Once any and matrix switchers for the transport of signals
HDMI source in an AV signal is encrypted, the in AV systems. Figure 1-9 identifies conservative
entire system must be capable of maintaining transmission distances for different types of
encryption for that signal, preventing it from cable used in AV applications. The Extron
being presented on displays which are not Digital Design Guide provides a comprehensive
HDCP-Compliant. HDCP encryption represents reference for digital AV signal formats, products
a unique challenge to overcome for an AV and solutions managing and controlling modern
streaming application. AV systems.
Singlemode
Fiber
30 km Why Use an IP Network for AV Signal
Distribution?
IP Network No Limit! There are several potential economic and
operational advantages that can be achieved
streaming AV signals over computer networks.
One or many of the following advantages can be
Note: Cable equalization techniques support longer transmission distances with DVI/HDMI signals realized:
10 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
Extend the reach of signals to destinations at any time to any location where a network
not practical to connect using traditional connection is available. AV signal formats can
methods. Destinations could be within a change over time.
building, across a campus, throughout a
country, or around the world. Increase accessibility by allowing display of
content at any network location on a variety
Reduce the need to install a dedicated cable of devices.
infrastructure, particularly to devices that may
change their location over time. Control distribution of content to specific,
authenticated users.
Increase flexibility in the choice of images.
Distributing video and graphic signals on the Record and play back content streamed Streaming solutions
same cable offers greater flexibility for the over the network. expand system
endpoint displays.
capabilities, increase
A networked solution can reduce the
Increase flexibility for the location of amount of conduit, cable, weight, and the flexibility of
displays. Displays can be added or moved resulting energy use. endpoint locations,
and extend
Traditional signal distribution technologies continue to provide quality and cost- geographic reach.
effective connections for audio, video, and computer graphics. Streaming solutions
expand system capabilities, increase the flexibility of endpoint locations, and extend
geographic reach. In many applications with a pre-existing network infrastructure, the
benefits of real-time collaboration over long distances, and scalability requirements
necessitate the use of IP streaming as the primary video distribution infrastructure.
Successful AV professionals will be proficient at integrating both traditional signal
distribution and IP streaming solutions in combination to provide the best current
and future value for customers.
Table 1-2. Comparison of signal
transmission methods
Max. distance (RGBHV) Up to 300 m with DAs 300 m with CAT 5 > 30 km singlemode fiber Unlimited
www.extron.com 11
Understanding Video Compression
Data compression The Need for Compression example, to reduce WUXGA computer-video to
When video and graphic signals are distributed 50 Mbps, which could fit over a standard Ethernet
can broadly be
over computer networks, their data rates must network, a compression ratio of approximately
defined as lossless, fit within the available bandwidth capacity of 66:1 is required.
in which 100% of the the network. An uncompressed image with a
original information resolution of 1920x1200 that updates at 60 fps Lossless vs. Lossy Compression
would require a data rate of 3.3 Gbps. See Table Real-time video, graphics, audio, and computer
is recovered after
2-1. However, this is three times the capacity of a files can be compressed to reduce the bit
compressing and Gigabit Ethernet network, and in fact, data rates rates necessary to transport or store them.
then reconstructing for any resolution greater than SVGA 800x600 Data compression can broadly be defined as
the data, or lossy exceed 1 Gbps, as shown in Table 2-2. Even for lossless when 100% of the original information
VGA, and standard definition video, the data rate is recovered after compressing and then
compression, in
exceeds the capacity of a standard 100 Mbps reconstructing the data, or lossy compression, in
which some data Ethernet network. which some data is permanently lost through the
is permanently lost data reduction process. Lossless compression
through the data The unrealistically high bandwidths required to is commonly used for reducing computer file
deliver uncompressed video or computer graphic sizes into the ZIP format, and for still image files
reduction process.
images across a network underscores the need using PNG or TIF formats. While it guarantees full
for a digital image compression mechanism that integrity of the original files, lossless compression
substantially reduces bit rates while delivering does not provide nearly enough data reduction
high quality graphic or video imagery. For to fulfill motion image applications on commonly
used networks.
Value for other
Variable Value for WUXGA
resolutions
To efficiently compress graphic or video data,
Color parameters 3 (e.g. RGB or YUV)
a variety of lossy compression techniques are
Bits per color 8 (or, e.g., 4, 10, 12)
(or e.g., 720, 1024,
employed that utilize sophisticated algorithms,
Horizontal pixels 1920
1600, 1920) which take advantage of our visual perception
(or e.g., 480, 768, abilities to discard or greatly reduce data for
Vertical pixels 1200
1080, 1200)
parts of the image considered imperceptible or
Frames per second 60 (or e.g., 24, 25, 30, 85)
redundant to the human eye. High performance
3x8x1920x1200x60 = 3,317,760,000 (3.3 Gbps) bits per second lossy compression can yield images that appear
Table 2-1. Calculating the base bandwidth at WUXGA to be visually lossless by a trained observer,
* Base Image Bandwidth is for the active picture only. The blanking period is not included.
Blanking can add 10 to 15% to the bandwidth listed above.
** NTSC video uses a 4:1:1 color scheme providing 1/4 the color information of RGB.
Table 2-2. Examples of the bandwidth of common computer signals compared to standard definition video
www.extron.com 13
Understanding Video Compression
Figure 2-2. The Basis Functions, or patterns, used in the DCT. These patterns are being related to
the most commonly used block of 88 pixels.
an image can be made up by adding patterns This transform does not reduce the amount of
in various proportions ranging from low to high data that makes up the image. What it does is
spatial frequencies. See Figure 2-2. The transform make it easy to identify those spatial patterns
is applied in blocks of pixels, usually 8x8, and that are most significant, and those that can
attributes a coefficient to the mathematical be omitted based on characteristics of our
function for each pattern, which essentially visual perception. Patterns corresponding to
denotes the patterns relative contribution to the high frequency spatial components are often
image. negligible, since their contribution to the image
14 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
usually is very small and unnoticeable to the Temporal Compression
human eye. They are also often masked by other The primary strategy for temporal compression
details in the image. Therefore, the transform is to compare a sequence of frames, and apply
coefficients for the higher frequency patterns can techniques that identify and estimate only the
be set to zero, significantly reducing the data. change and motion. The greatest compression
can be achieved for images that are or appear to
The entire transform process must be reversible, be stationary. If a sequence of images depicts,
since when the image is finally decoded, it will for example, a ball as it traverses in space while
be pixel data that is required to drive the display. the rest of the picture is fixed, the data will be
Typically, a very good reconstruction of the image limited to the ball and how its position changes in
can be achieved by using as little as 5% to 10% successive frames.
of the original coefficient data. The primary strategy
When using temporal compression, full frame for temporal
The quantize step produces a reduced set of information must periodically be sent, to ensure
compression is to
unique coefficients, and these make the most that a full reference frame exists to continue
significant contribution to the image. The majority delivering accurate images if there is a disruption compare successive
of the remaining coefficients round to zero. in the data stream. Such frames are referred to frames, and to identify
as intra-coded or I frames. Frames between and limit the data
The reorder step prioritizes the most significant the I frames are referred to as P and B frames.
transmitted to only
coefficients first. This improves the efficiency of P frames use forward prediction, and are coded
techniques applied in the encoding process. relative to the nearest previous I or P frame, which the information that
can also be referred to as key frames. B frames changes from one
The encode data step employs mathematical use bidirectional prediction and use the closest frame to the next.
techniques that reduce the amount of data past and future I and P frames for reference. I
transmitted without losing image information. frames are not dependent on other frames for
They include Run Length Encoding, which codes decoding.
a long string of bits of the same value as simply
the length of the run rather than the individual bits Use of I, B and P frames provides for high
and Variable Length Coding, which assigns short compression ratios, but it also leads to the
codes to frequently occurring values. complication that frames need to be transmitted
out of order. In Figure 2-3, an original sequence of
The most widely used transform method is ten frames is shown, applying a typical sequence
Discrete Cosine Transform - DCT. The DCT of I, B and P frames. The transmitted sequence
is popular because it is simpler to implement is reordered because frame 2, a B frame,
than other transforms and it can provide a cannot be reconstructed without the full frame
high compression efficiency. The DCT has 4 information. The pattern of frames between
been employed by JPEG, MPEG, and H.264 any two I-frames in the original frame sequence
compression systems. The DCT, having been is known as a GOP - Group of Pictures.
applied in the MPEG standards and H.264, is the Streaming products will use different GOP lengths
most popular transform in use today. and apply different combinations of I, P and B
frames based on the applications they intend
The Discrete Wavelet Transform - DWT is to serve. Low delay streaming products that
another transform that has been applied in a operate at higher bandwidths may use a GOP
select class of streaming products. It provides of four in an IBBP sequence. Low delay, low
high efficiency compressing still frames. The DWT bandwidth products may use only I and P frames
is applied in JPEG 2000 and the Extron PURE3
and apply a GOP that may range from 30 to
codec, which will be examined further. 200 frames.
www.extron.com 15
Understanding Video Compression
Implementation of Inter-frame prediction increases compression Organization for Standardization and ITU
a standards-based efficiency using P and B frames, applying a - International Telecommunication Union
technique referred to as motion estimation. Each standards organizations.
codec does not
frame of video is divided up into a structure of
necessarily guarantee 16x16 pixel macroblocks. As each block is Standards for Still Image Compression
interoperability. being encoded a reference frame is examined For still images, there are two leading standards,
for a similar or matching block. If one is located, both developed by the Joint Photographic
the new block can be encoded as a vector that Experts Group - JPEG of the ISO. Both are
points to the position of the matching block in the intended for images of any size.
reference frame. The two blocks will most likely
not be identical so the difference between the two JPEG is the original standard, and is based on
blocks, the predictive error data will also be sent the DCT. The DCT transforms blocks of 8x8
along with the motion vector. P frames will apply pixels.
this process to a reference frame in the past and
a B frame will apply this process to reference JPEG 2000 is a newer standard, and is
frames in the past and future. based on the DWT to achieve more efficient
compression. This standard employs
More advanced compression techniques for variable pixel block or tile sizes as opposed
spatial and temporal compression exist and to standardized blocks. The tile size can be
some will be identified in greater detail as part of defined differently for each application or image
an examination of the H.264 standard. within the source image creation application.
I B B P B B P B B I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I P B B P B B I B B
1 4 2 3 7 5 6 10 8 9
Figure 2-3. Encoded I, P and B
frames are transmitted out of
order to simplify the decoding
process.
The MPEG compression standards evolved as The H.264 standard applies an asymmetrical
technology permitted new applications. processing system, meaning that the bulk of the
www.extron.com 17
Understanding Video Compression
The H.264 standard computational load is on the encoder, allowing that are coded without reference to other slices.
applies an asymmetrical for a relatively simple decoder design. The H.264 H.264 then applies P and B frame coding on these
standard defines the encoded bit stream and how slices instead of entire frames. Each slice can be
processing system,
the decoder must work, with the aim of enabling a decoded independently of other slices, providing
meaning that the bulk simple, inexpensive decoder, which in turn would the additional benefit of confining any errors that are
of the computational lead to affordable consumer products that decode experienced to a slice rather than allowing them to
load is on the encoder, content such as HDTVs and DVD players. propagate across an entire frame.
Original Image
with video resolutions up to 8K 8192x4320 and Since H.265 provides a dramatic improvement in
provides methods for applying parallel processing. compression efficiency, products implementing
HEVC encoder designs can trade off computational the standard will probably be first adopted in
complexity, compression rate, robustness to errors, applications where network bandwidth is most
and encoding delay, depending upon the target scarce. Examples include streaming over wireless
application. The 8x8 macroblock structure used networks or Internet conncections. Encoders for In January 2013, the
by H.264 has been replaced with coding tree units streaming new, high resolution standards such as
High Efficiency Video
CTU which can be applied to larger block sizes 4K and 8K may also adopt H.265, since there is so
up to 64x64 allowing the picture to be partitioned much more original pixel data to compress and the
Codec HEVC also
into various structural sizes, producing greater higher efficiency will be valuable. Applications that known as H.265, was
coding efficiency. This, among other improvements adopt H.265 first will also be those where end-to- approved by the ISO/
to coding and compression techniques produce end solutions can be supplied.
IEC and ITU Joint
bit rates that are 40% to 50% lower than
those produced using H.264. Similar to H.264, Data compression is not the only consideration
Collaborative Team on
specifications exist for multiple profiles and levels for sending motion images over networks. The Video Coding JVT-VC
that provide different quality, bit rate, and coding characteristics of computer networks introduce
complexity within the standard. Provisions exist a number of practical problems that must also
for extensions to the defined profiles to support be addressed by choosing the right network
improvements to the standard and support future architecture and transport protocol for successful
application requirements. AV streaming.
www.extron.com 19
Ethernet Networks: Opportunities & Challenges
An Ethernet switch There are a number of characteristics of However, signal speed variations mean that
intelligently routes networks that have to be taken into account another node may send before transmission
when streaming AV signals. When a conventional is completed, increasing the probability of a
internode traffic
analog or digital video signal is sent from a source data collision on the network. Such collisions
so that nodes to a display, the image is transmitted in real- are detected and the competing parties back
only receive traffic time without delay or latency. The signal itself is off for another attempt. This method of using
addressed to them. continuous, and in general, it is not subject to any a hub connection point for a network would
unpredictable degradation. function well for a small network comprised of
only a few devices, but becomes inefficient if the
Packetized Data network has high traffic. Therefore, networks
If a digital image data stream is sent across a are, in practice, managed by the use of various
network, it must be packetized. When transmitted switching and routing devices.
on the network, the nature of the data is, for the
most part, inconsequential and all data, whether The following technical points apply when
audio, video, text, or files, is treated in the same considering use of networks for transporting real
way. Before it can be sent over a network, time AV signals:
however, the data must be formatted into IEEE
MAC - Media Access Control frames, also known An Ethernet hub simply allows nodes to be
as packets, as illustrated in Figure 31. connected together and CSMA/CD applies.
Layer 7 Application
Applications
Layer 6 Presentation
e.g. RTP HTTP SMTP FTP
Layer 5 Session
Figure 3-2. The OSI model
defines seven layers of
Transport
Layer 4 Transport interconnection. The system
TCP UDP
behaves as if, at each layer,
Internetwork there is direct connection
Layer 3 Network between each node; however,
IP
communication is through the
Layer 2 Data Link layers. (at far left)
Network Interface
e.g. Ethernet, Fiber, WiFi Figure 3-3. With Ethernet
Layer 1 Physical and most data networks, the
preferred model is the TCP/IP
TheScreen
OSI layer model four layer protocol stack.
Figure 3-2 The OSI Layer Model Figure 3-3 TheThe IP Protocol
Internet ProtocolStack
Stack
www.extron.com 21
Ethernet Networks: Opportunities & Challenges
UDP, by contrast, does to solve the inevitable problem of exhausting defective, or out-of-order packets are resent as
not require a formal use of available public IP addresses, as well necessary. While this ensures reliable packet
as simplifying packet routing, addressing for delivery, the tradeoff is that the re-delivery of
handshake between
multicast applications and other enhancements. packets to the destination node may result in
nodes. It applies a Until IPv6 completely supplants IPv4 for use some latency.
best effort protocol everywhere, methods exist for allowing IPv6-
in which the packets only hosts to reach IPv4 services and isolated UDP, by contrast, does not require a formal
IPv6 hosts and networks to reach each other handshake between nodes. It applies a
are transmitted
over IPv4-only infrastructure. Operating within best effort protocol in which the packets
without the error- private networks, AV systems remain effectively are transmitted without the error-checking to
checking to guarantee manageable using IPv4. guarantee reliable delivery. This eliminates any
reliable delivery. delay that would result from re-sending packets,
The TCP/IP protocol stack defines two protocols but also means that packets transmitted via UDP
for the transport layer, TCP and UDP - User may arrive out of order, have errors, or not reach
Datagram Protocol. See Table 3-1. The most their destination. The advantage of UDP, however,
significant difference between them is that is that it is ideally suited for applications such
UDP is best effort and TCP is guaranteed as live video streaming that require speed and
delivery. TCP is used in most consumer and scalability, delivering packets to many endpoints.
enterprise network applications for such tasks as In UDP applications, packets are referred to as
exchanging file information between nodes. One datagrams.
common example is downloading files from an
Internet Web site. Table 3-1 lists the important attributes of TCP
and UDP. They are applicable to the three major
TCP requires establishment of an active classes of network applications as follows:
connection session between nodes. It applies
Table 3-1. Comparison between
the two commonly used error-checking measures to ensure that all Unicast, where messages pass between two
protocols, UDP and TCP packets arrive reliably, and missing, duplicated, nodes. Can be TCP or UDP.
EO Decoding on PC
D
VI
VIDEO
EO
D
VI
Switch
IP Network
Flat Panel Display
D
EO VIDEO
Media Server VI
or Real-Time
Encoder
Transport Protocol UDP/RTP
Hardware
EO Decoder
D
Video Data Stream Ethernet VI
www.extron.com 23
Ethernet Networks: Opportunities & Challenges
Dynamic routing tables can be automatically in architectures with multiple routing points
developed and learned by the routers and capable of forwarding packets. Correct
switches over time, as they work to efficiently application and configuration of STP is critical
distribute packets across multiple switches or to avoiding potential congestion or slowdowns.
router hops.
Virtual LANs - VLANs can be established by
Redundancy can be designed into switched segmenting specific capacity on the same
networks. Multiple delivery paths ensure packet physical network to create different virtual
delivery if faults are experienced. networks. Defined amounts of bandwidth can
be set aside in switches for different VLANs
Spanning Tree Protocol - STP and other based on user groups, IP addresses, or traffic
methods exist for preventing undesired loops type. An example of this would be splitting
and flooding of traffic that could develop capacity of a network equally between voice,
data, and video traffic.
Determining if multicast traffic can be used on Transmission errors are remarkably rare within a
a network is one of the most important facts to dedicated or well-structured Ethernet installation
establish when developing a scalable streaming that is working below full capacity. It is feasible
solution. Multicast streaming provides the fastest to transmit video over such networks without
method for transporting real-time video and voice any special precautions, provided that the video
data, while ensuring low latency and using the stream itself represents only a small percentage
lowest system bandwidth. It does however require of the network traffic.
that all switching and routing devices that will Transmission errors
encounter the multicast traffic are programmed However, once there is traffic between different are remarkably rare
to efficiently transport that traffic. In the case of network segments and different network
within a dedicated
a stand-alone switch, the switch itself is the only types, the likelihood of errors increases. This is
device that must be programmed. If multicast especially true with public networks. QoS is the or well-structured
is applied across a facility or enterprise network, ability to guarantee data throughput as needed Ethernet installation
the entire system may need to be programmed for a particular application, user, or performance that is working
to support multicast traffic and some network requirement. QoS for public networks is currently
below full capacity.
hardware may need to be updated as well. defined in ITU Recommendation Y.1541,
Network performance objectives for IP-based
The Challenges of Compressing and services.
Streaming AV on IP Networks
IP networks offer the promise of an AV signal Table 32 identifies QoS classes in terms of
distribution infrastructure that is convenient, performance target parameters, such as Internet
scalable and cost effective. However, in practice, Packet Transfer Delay - IPTD, Internet Packet
there are reliability and quality challenges that Delay Variation - IPDV, Internet Packet Loss
result from using IP networks. Ratio - IPLR, and Internet Packet Error Ratio -
Client PC
IGMP VIDEO
Querying
Router
IP Network Switch PC
No
Multicast
EO
VI
D Suscription
Media Server
or Real-Time
Encoder
IGMP
Client PC
Snooping
VIDEO
Switch
VIDEO
www.extron.com 25
Ethernet Networks: Opportunities & Challenges
Errors propagate over successive frames Errors propagate over successive frames
Figure 4-1. Examples of visual errors that may be observed in video streaming when network errors
are experienced
IPER. The upper bound on packet loss probability until the ITU conducts further study and agrees
identified in QoS Class 3 of 1x10-3 represents on the provisional classes for QoS.
notable uncertainty for supporting quality video
streaming. Quality business or mission-critical In practice, private networks can be specified
applications should not operate upon a platform with superior IPLR and IPER performance and
with one or more lost packets per thousand, network services regularly offer reliability with
without robust error handling mechanisms in an upper bound IPLR of 1 x 10-4 and higher.
place. Two new provisional network QoS classes However challenges remain building cost-
have been identified by the ITU to provide higher effective network infrastructures that support
performance in ranges that are appropriate broad enterprise streaming, purchasing
for video streaming. An upper bound IPLR of affordable network services for streaming over
Table 3-2. The network
1 x 10-5 or one packet lost per one hundred vast geographic distances or applying streaming
performance objectives under thousand has been proposed. However, the on networks that were originally designed to
Y.1541 including provisional QoS
classifications 6 and 7 objectives identified in table 3-2 remain in effect transport data and voice traffic.
Internet Packet Transfer Delay - IPTD 100 ms 400 ms 100 ms 400 ms 1s 100 ms 400 ms
Internet Packet Loss Ratio IPLR 1x10-3 1x10-3 1x10-3 1x10-3 1x10-3 1x10-5 1x10-5
Internet Packet Error Ratio - IPER 1x10-4 1x10-4 1x10-4 1x10-4 1x10-4 1x10-6 1x10-6
Forward error
correction, if applied
due to uncertainty in Original Encoded Bandwidth
the network quality
of service, will also
introduce delay. Resulting
Bandwidth
Resulting
Delay
Time
data. Two dimensional correction can protect temporal compression is necessary so that
against multiple packet loss, and loss of individual sequential frames can be compared to determine
FECpackets. what redundant information need not be sent.
Each frame used in this process increases the
The FEC method used by the COPs is identified encoding delay. If an application operates on
in RFC 2733 - Request for Comments, the a private network, ample bandwidth may be
method by which Ethernet practice is promoted. available so that less temporal compression is
The advantage of FEC is that it does not required, resulting in lower latency. However, on
require retransmission of packets as with the public networks, more aggressive compression
TCP transport protocol. However, latency will be used to achieve bit rates that will fit low
and redundant data is added to the streaming bandwidth connections to a majority of endpoint
bandwidth. Broadcast streaming applications devices. This will increase delay or reduce
may use as much as 10% to 30% additional quality. Forward error correction, if applied due
data. This is illustrated in Figure 4-2. to uncertainty in the network quality of service,
will also introduce delay. Other system elements
While the QoS that networks support continues such as router hops in the network and buffering
to improve, many business applications must of video in displays or image processors can
support error free, reliable video transport also contribute to the total system latency
and one or more of the error concealment or experienced.
correction methods identified here must be used.
However, delay will not be critical to many
Streaming Latency and Applications video streaming applications such as VoD
Delay or latency can be described from an and Webcasting of training presentations, for
application perspective as well as an encoding which the priorities are accessibility and easy
perspective. As mentioned earlier, in order to consumption of information. Both of these
compress video to low bit rates, inter-frame or applications are primarily one-way, and a delay
28 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
Streaming Latency and Applications
of several seconds is acceptable. The main remote device control where low latency is
concern in these applications is establishing the essential. If a face-to-face conversation is taking
initial connection and providing the user with a place across a network, the natural rhythm of the
prompt indication that the streamed content conversation will be impaired if just a moderate
will be presented shortly. Public networks are delay exists in the system. Individuals at each
adequate for these one-way applications where endpoint may frequently speak at the same time
low or ultra-low bit rates are used. and noticeable latency will make communication
awkward and ineffective. Distance collaboration
Other applications such as video surveillance may with high-resolution visualizations may include
require a user to view streaming video and then requirements for real-time, remote control of a
control equipment located at the far end such as software application or device using a touch panel
a pan tilt zoom camera. In such cases, latency or keyboard and mouse. Any latency introduced Distance collaboration
should not exceed one second so that a user can by video streaming will soften the feedback of with high-resolution
make prompt operational decisions based on the the man-machine interface that ideally provides
visualizations may
video imagery. a very tight, tacit control experience; the more
latency that exists, the more difficult it is to control include requirements
On the other end of the spectrum, there are the equipment. Table 4-1 provides a reference for real-time, remote
two-way interactive applications, including for various amounts of latency that will be control of a software
videoconferencing, distance collaboration, and appropriate for different activities.
application or device
using a touch panel or
Acceptable Latency by Application
keyboard and mouse.
Application Delay Latency requirement
Real-Time video contribution <500 ms Keep video production chain reasonably short
Surveillance camera
<1s Security service has visibility into situation
monitoring
Consider system latency introduced by all devices from input to display. Table 4-1. Acceptable
Latency by Application
www.extron.com 29
Streaming Protocols
Pull streaming is Pull and Push Streaming applications are rarely supported on the
managed from the Two primary methods are used to manage Internet, WANs, or VPNs. Wireless LANs
streaming systems; pull and push. In pull WLANs require engineered designs to support
decoding device,
streaming, the session is initiated from the multicast streaming.
which initiates events decoding device. In push streaming, the
using a session encoding device initiates the session. Use of Quality of Service: AV streaming on low QoS
management pull or push streaming may be determined network conditions will be better served
based on a number of practical considerations. using streaming transport protocols that use
protocol such as
Requirements that contribute to use of pull or TCP transport and pull streaming session
Real Time Streaming push methods include scalability, decoding management.
Protocol RTSP. devices, network architecture, and quality of
service conditions: Pull streaming is initiated from the decoding
device, using a session management protocol
Decoding devices: Hardware decoders or such as Real Time Streaming Protocol RTSP.
software players may only be compatible with Pull streaming uses a unicast connection and is
streaming transport protocols that use pull frequently chosen when decoding devices are
or push session management. For instance, not managed as part of a system. Media players
commonly used set-top boxes require use in wireless tablet PCs and smartphones will
of push streaming. If decoding devices are normally use streaming transport protocols based
managed as part of a streaming system, it is on TCP transport and therefore will use unicast
more likely that push streaming can be used. If pull streaming.
the decoding devices are not managed as part
of a system, pull streaming can be used. Push streaming is managed centrally from an
encoder or streaming server. Encoders are
System scalability requirements: The streaming programmed to push streams to a unicast or
capacity of an encoder and the number of multicast address. Streams may be either pushed
decoding devices that must be served can to a decoding devices defined IP address or
also be a determining factor. For instance, streaming session management protocols such
push multicast streaming makes efficient use as Session Announcement Protocol SAP, and
of network bandwidth, streaming to many Session Description Protocol SDP, may allow
decoders. decoding devices to identify and join a push
multicast session. SDP and SAP also provide an
Network architecture and policies: Multicast automated method for decoding devices to build
streaming may be supported on private channel lists of available streams.
networks, but unicast streaming may be
Table 5-1. A comparison of Pull
required due to hardware limitations or Each method has different strengths. Pull
and Push streaming management operating policies. Multicast streaming streaming is advantageous in ad hoc applications.
For example, all PCs in a building may require
Comparison Point Pull streaming Push streaming
access to a streaming source, but they do not
Session Management RTSP SAP, SDP
Protocols
all need to be managed as part of a system. Pull
Streaming Management Decoding device Streaming encoder streaming can be compared to accessing content
Point or server on the Internet. Web servers offer information to
Multicast implementations Primarily Unicast Unicast or Multicast virtually any PC that can connect to them, but
Streaming system Managed or Unmanaged Managed content is only supplied when a client requests it.
management
Common network Private or Public Private
environments Push streaming is ideal for applications when
the streaming session should be managed from
30 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
the encoder. The decoder does not need to protocol; each of which offers unique strengths.
initiate the session. The encoder can push to one Applied alone, neither TCP nor UDP transport
decoder or multicast to many decoders. protocols can fulfill the following requirements
that exist for reproducing motion video, which
A comparison of pull and push streaming can be include:
seen in Table 5-1.
Consistent data rates, which support
Streaming Transport Protocols decoding of live, moving pictures
One of the most overlooked and misunderstood Accurate, sequential data for image
areas of AV streaming is the topic of streaming decoding
transport protocols. A common assumption Synchronized data to support accurate
about H.264 streaming products is that they AV decoding One of the most
are all compatible with each other. However, the Varying latency requirements, which differ overlooked and
H.264 standard only defines how compressed by application
misunderstood areas
video data is decoded. Different streaming System scalability, which can range from
transport protocols may be required to deliver AV one to thousands of endpoints of AV streaming is the
streaming content between devices. They are one topic of streaming
part of a larger relationship of application, device, There are many different hardware devices and transport protocols.
device platform, and media player that determine software players that decode AV streams, with
compatibility between streaming encoders and each applying a different operating system or
decoders. software player. Manufacturers of decoding
devices and developers of decoding applications
Streaming transport protocols deliver encoded support different streaming transport protocols
video and audio data across networks from to meet various technical performance or
hardware encoders or media servers to hardware commercial objectives. See Figure 5-1, which
decoders or software players operating on illustrates the variables that exist between these
PCs, tablets, or smartphones. They provide system elements.
varying combinations of speed, accuracy,
and compatibility to fulfill various platform or Streaming Transport Protocols for
application requirements. Different Requirements
Streaming applications may use either standards-
As identified earlier, data is transported across based or proprietary protocols. Commonly used
a network using either the TCP or the UDP standards-based protocols include:
H.264
www.extron.com 31
Streaming Protocols
MPEG-2 Transport RTP Real Time Transport Protocol: RTP is Proprietary streaming protocols are developed for
Stream TS: broadly used by hardware encoding and use on specific software operating systems and
decoding products, but it may not be applied in media players. Common examples include:
Established by the
the same manner on every streaming product.
Moving Pictures Expert H.264 video may be transported directly using Microsoft Media System MMS: MMS was
Group, TS has been RTP, or RTP may be used to carry MPEG developed by Microsoft Windows Media
applied in broadcast -2 Transport Streams. RTP used along with Services. MMS is frequently deployed in
UDP network transport supports high speed enterprise-wide streaming applications that use
transmission standards
transport on networks. Windows Media Player to decode and present
such as the Advanced AV streams from PC desktops.
Television Systems RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol: RTSP
Committee ATSC is a session management protocol, but is also Real Time Messaging Protocol RTMP: Adobe
applied as a non-standard method to deliver has developed RTMP, RTMPS, RTMPE,
and Digital Video
AV streaming payloads. RTMFP, and HTTP Dynamic Streaming
Broadcasting DVB. protocols for use with Adobe Flash Player. Each
Both RTP and RTSP are identified as part of the protocol offers unique security, encryption,
Internet Protocol Suite. latency, and firewall traversal capabilities. Flash
player was once supported on smartphone
MPEG-2 Transport Stream TS: The TS was and tablet PCs using the Android operating
established by the Moving Pictures Expert systems and RTMP protocol. This is no longer
Group MPEG and it is frequently used in the case.
streaming applications. It is a container format
that uses RTP and UDP protocols for transport HTTP Live Streaming HLS: The Apple HLS
in streaming applications. It has been applied streaming protocol is used extensively for
in broadcast transmission standards such as streaming to iPad and iPhone devices. Based
the Advanced Television Systems Committee on the TS protocol, HLS runs on Apple devices
ATSC and Digital Video Broadcasting DVB. that use the iOS operating system and the
It is used extensively in broadcast, IPTV, cable HTML 5 media player. New smartphone and
television and digital signage applications. Set- tablet PCs with the Android operating systems
top box decoders typically use TS and many also support the HLS protocol.
H.264 hardware encoders and decoders use
it as well. Smooth Streaming, an extension of Microsoft
IIS Media Services, is another Microsoft
HTTP Adaptive Bit Rate Streaming
VIDEO
IP Network
TS
Set Top Box and
Hardware Decoders
RTMP, RTMPS
H.264 Encoder
RTP, RTSP or
Media Smooth Streaming
Server
www.extron.com 33
Streaming Protocols
Streaming protocols converting streaming transport protocols to often need to be made between performance and
are an important make them compatible with different types of compatibility. Small, point-to-point applications
decoding devices. Media servers may also using specific devices are afforded the luxury of
variable in H.264
support transcoding, a process that produces using products and streaming transport protocols
applications. Failure lower resolution, lower bit rate streams for more that offer the best performance without the need
to consider their role efficient processing on different types of decoding to make compromises.
can result in significant devices. The term multi-screen delivery is
frequently used to describe applications where Projects that serve a large variety of decoding
compatibility gaps.
the same content is streamed at different devices, including personal computers, tablets, or
resolutions and bit rates for use on devices with smartphones, should take into consideration the
different screen sizes. fact that the streaming protocols these devices
are compatible with can change over time.
When encoding for live, multi-screen streaming Wherever possible, a system design should apply
applications, Wowza Media Systems, a media a standards-based protocol for AV encoding and
server developer, recommends the following: For distribution over a wired LAN. Media servers
the greatest compatibility with decoding devices, can be used to transcode AV streaming for use
apply standards-based compression such as on wireless consumer devices or the Internet.
H.264, and use commonly used streaming Platform design choices based on proprietary
transport protocols such as RTP or RTMP. AV protocols for specific media players or wireless
streams should be encoded at the highest consumer devices may be costly to maintain and
resolution possible to preserve image quality support as technology changes.
for higher quality applications, leaving down-
conversion and transcoding to other devices Container Formats
such as the media server. One streaming subject that often produces
confusion is the difference between codecs
How Should AV Designers Manage and container formats. Codecs are used to
Streaming Protocols? encode video and data for digital storage or live
Streaming protocols are an important variable in transport over a network. H.264 is an example
H.264 applications. Failure to consider their role of video codec and AAC is an example of an
can result in significant compatibility gaps. audio codec. Container formats package, or
wrap, encoded audio and video together into a
Where streaming protocols are considered as a file format that is read by media players. One or
part of a complete system design, choices will many compressed audio and video data streams
are held within a container file along with other
Container Formats Describe
Video Codec Audio Codec Metadata Video Captioning data, such as metadata, and synchronization
Examples Examples Content Examples
information necessary for cohesive playback.
H.264 AAC Author SAMI
VC-1
Theora
MPEG-1
WMA
Title
Location
SMIL
Hi-Caption
Container formats may also include other data,
Dirac 2.1
H.263
VORBIS
PCM
Date
Copyright
CMML
DXFP like subtitles, chapter information, or closed
License 3GPP TS 26.245
MPSub captioning information.
1 2 3 4
Firewall Firewall
Service providers Streaming inside the Enterprise introduce a significant investment that must be
that provide WAN A WAN that can support the cumulative considered when selecting a network service.
bandwidth of streaming traffic between endpoints
connections between
provides a practical streaming platform inside We experience streaming as a consumer
facilities will offer a an enterprise. WANs normally provide the every day, watching video on demand, or
service level agreement simplicity of operating inside a managed system, communicating with friends and family using
SLA, which identifies without the concerns of firewalls or encryption applications such as Skype. These applications
devices. Service providers that provide WAN are designed to transport AV streaming across
the class of service
connections between facilities will offer a service consumer grade network services and they
it will provide. level agreement SLA, which identifies the class often leave business users with the impression
of service it will provide. Examples of different that development of streaming systems should
classes of service that may be offered by a be easy because they use applications at home
network are identified in Table 6-1. that appear on the surface to be the same.
Business-grade networks are required when
Low latency, time sensitive streaming applications streaming critical communications within an
that apply push streaming will be more sensitive organization. Exceptions exist, but consumer
to network errors, requiring attention to class of network services from the typical cable provider
service. Pull streaming applications that use TCP do not guarantee bandwidth, but rather provide
transport provide robust transport, and require a range that may not be sustainable. The
less attention to a class of service. bandwidth provided on consumer networks is
often asymmetric, providing greater capacity for
WANs may be based on dedicated leased lines reception vs. transmission, fulfilling the typical
or more cost-effective packet switched networks usage requirements for consumption rather than
such as multiprotocol label switching MPLS, production. QoS provided on home Internet
Carrier Ethernet, or legacy-oriented technologies service will also be lower than that provided by a
such as synchronous optical networks - SONET, business grade network.
asynchronous transfer mode ATM, or Frame
Relay. MPLS is a popular, packet switched Streaming over the Internet
technology capable of providing a very high The phrase, I want to stream over the Internet
quality of service. Carrier Ethernet is known for can be interpreted to mean a lot of things. It could
offering high bandwidth at greater economy. mean AV streaming content is intended to be
transported to consumers across the Internet, or
Each network transport technology has its own it could mean that the Internet is being utilized
strengths and weaknesses relating to bandwidth, for the transport of video between a few select,
Table 6-1. Examples of different QoS, and the providers SLA as well as cost. endpoints within an organization, because an
classes of service offered by a
network service provider Establishing the last mile connection may also internal WAN connection is not available. It is
important to distinguish if an application will be
Latency Packet streaming between private users or to consumers
Class Availability Jitter
(Round Trip) Loss
located outside of the organization.
1 99.999% 50ms <10ms <0.1%
Original
(original image: AGI) Figure 7-1. Image quality differences between video processed with 4:4:4 and reduced color information
information so that image detail is not lost in Signal interface Digital or analog Digital or analog
the transform process. Coding of the wavelet Pixel transition Graduated (smooth) Discrete (sharp)
transform coefficients is carried out using an
YUV (luminance and color
approach that exploits the nature of the wavelet Color space RGB (red, green, blue)
difference)
data to provide highly efficient coding of images,
Color resolution 4:1:1, 4:2:0, or 4:2:2 typical 4:4:4
that enables identification of redundant data,
SVGA, XGA, WXGA, SXGA,
which can easily be discarded while yielding Common resolutions
720x486, 720x625, 480p,
SXGA+, UXGA, WUXGA and
525p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p
visually lossless compression. many more
Interlaced or progressive
Interlaced and progressive Typically progressive
signals
Color System
24 Hz, 25 Hz, 30 Hz, 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 70 Hz, 72 Hz, 75 Hz,
Standards-based video compression systems Frame rates
60 Hz 85 Hz, and more
typically process component video with 4:2:0
www.extron.com 39
Extron PURE3 Codec
PURE3 achieves Unmanaged bit rates will not pass completely through network bottlenecks.
compression by bottleneck
VN-MA
SERIAL
TRIX
DIGITAL
300
VIDEOSERIES
OVER
IP
WAN LAN-1
LAN-2
STATUS
VN-MA
SERIAL
TRIX
DIGITAL
300
VIDEOSERIES
OVER
IP
a single pass.
WAN Port WAN Port
4 Mbps 3 Mbps
LAN A LAN B
100 Mbps 100 Mbps
Streaming bit rates must be tightly managed to pass completely from sender to receiver.
motion. This ensures natural, lifelike reproduction overhead packet data which would increase
of any input format. latency. TCP transport is available for use in
2 Mbps stream
specialized applications.
The requirements for compression of video WAN
LAN-1
LAN-2
STATUS
LAN-1
LAN-2
STATUS
Port Port
4 Mbps 3 Mbps
comparison of the two image types is presented PURE3 uses DWT - Discrete Wavelet Transform
LAN A LAN B
in Table71. 100 Mbps
as the transform method
100 Mbps
which offers an
important advantage over DCT - Discrete
The differences listed in the table help identify Cosine Transform in that the coefficients tend to
why a product designed for encoding video will be statistically distributed within a small group
probably provide sub-optimal results encoding of values, and therefore can be coded very
detailed computer graphics. efficiently. Various compression profiles can
be applied to optimize coding efficiency. Each
Low Latency compression profile uses a weighting method for
PURE3 achieves low latency image compression quantizing the wavelet coefficients that exploits
by processing images in a single pass. This the visual perception characteristics of the human
contrasts with motion-based codecs such as eye, while minimizing the compressed image
MPEG, in which multiple passes or expanding the data. The use of compression profiles helps
Group of Pictures - GOP are required to achieve the user to determine the degree and nature of
a target bit rate. For PURE3, the time required to compression, so that it may be optimized for both
execute the compression is determinate, and is the data bandwidth available and the application.
independent of the image content. A proprietary,
programmable temporal compression scheme PURE3 further achieves low bit rates through a
provides absolute coding that relies only on proprietary temporal compression scheme. When
absolute differences in content between frames. the image content has low motion, the PURE3
It does not require either image history or forward codec is capable of achieving incredibly high
prediction, and therefore imposes no increase in compression ratios while maintaining visually
processing latency. lossless performance. Compression ratios for
full-motion, high entropy video sources result in
Once the image content has been compressed more moderate compression ratios. The PURE3
by PURE3, low latency is further ensured temporal compression scheme is also capable of
through the use of UDP transport. When UDP separating real-image motion from signal noise or
is used together with RTP and RTCP protocols, naturally occurring noise.
streaming products that use the PURE3 codec
provide high immunity to network transmission Controlling the rate at which data is released
errors, without the need to carry redundant or to the network is just as critical as providing a
40 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
MATRI
SERIAL MATRI
SERIAL
X
DIGITAL X
DIGITAL
300
300
VIDEOSERIES VIDEOSERIES
OVER OVER
IP IP
LAN A LAN B
100 Mbps 100 Mbps
Streaming bit rates must be tightly managed to pass completely from sender to receiver.
2 Mbps stream
LAN-1
LAN-2
STATUS
WAN LAN-1
LAN-2
STATUS
VN-MA VN-MA
SERIAL SERIAL
TRIX TRIX
DIGITAL DIGITAL
300 300
VIDEOSERIES VIDEOSERIES
OVER OVER
IP IP
LAN A LAN B
100 Mbps 100 Mbps
wide variety of compression controls. Short, high or bit errors. The PURE3 codec includes an The PURE3 codec
bursts of data can quickly overload buffers in error concealment system, which makes it highly includes an error
switching and routing equipment, resulting in lost immune to network errors. Picture data from
concealment system,
data, particularly equipment used to manage thin previous frames are held at the decoder as a
communication links. reference. If packet errors are experienced, this which makes it
data is used to conceal the missing information. highly immune to
Options are available to select constant quality, Error concealment is usually isolated to a small network errors.
constant bit rate, or peak bit rate, to control area, and successive video frames update with
the amount of streaming traffic delivered to correct information as the next frame is received.
the network. Bit rate ranges for typical PURE3 The results of the PURE3 error concealment
applications and other codecs are presented in system are impressive. Video image integrity
Tables72 and 73. is maintained under heavy packet loss, and
errors are rarely visible. When identified, only a
PURE3 Error Concealment small portion of the picture is affected and the
As discussed earlier, real-world, switched IP duration is very short. An illustration of PURE3
networks ultimately will produce unpredictable error concealment in action over a sequence of
errors including out-of-order, dropped packets, video frames can be seen in Figures 7-5 and 7-6.
High Definition Surveillance (720p or 1080i): Indoor / Outdoor Monitoring 5 Mbps 20 Mbps
WUXGA Simulations (1920x1200 @ 60 Hz): Lifelike Synthetic Animations with High Motion 15 Mbps 50 Mbps
High Definition Camera Transport (720p or 1080i), Broadcast Detail/Motion 40 Mbps 90 Mbps
Table 7-2. Typical bit rates for applications using VN-MATRIX, visually lossless with full-motion support
H.264 HD Telepresence (720p or 1080i): Talking Head Video Content 3 Mbps 10 Mbps
MPEG I-Frame HD Camera Transport (720p or 1080i): Broadcast Detail/Motion 100 Mbps 150 Mbps
JPEG2000 HD Camera Transport (720p or 1080i): Broadcast Detail/Motion 100 Mbps 200 Mbps
Table 7-3. Typical bit rates reported by encoding products using standards-based compression systems
www.extron.com 41
Extron PURE3 Codec
Original Frame
Original Frame
Figure 7-6. Illustration of PURE3 As applications continue to migrate delivery of Stream Synchronization
error concealment on a sequence
of successive motion video
real-time video from dedicated connections to Products applying PURE3 encode AV information
frames switched and routed IP networks, understanding on an absolute frame basis. Use of absolute
the stability that an error correction or frame information and not estimated data along
concealment system provides to AV streaming with timecode in RTP allows video, audio and
systems is important. data streamed between encoders and decoders
to maintain synchronization. This provides the
Scalable Solutions ability to support several demanding application
AV streaming solutions with PURE3 are highly requirements, including:
scalable through the combination of efficient
compression and support of multicast streaming, Audio/video lip sync
together with an error concealment system Synchronization genlock and framelock of
that does not require additional bandwidth or images across multiple presentation screens
retransmission of data.
42 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
High
Interaction
PURE3
Streaming Real-time communication
Solutions Distance collaboration
Control
Original video contribution
Bit Rate
Private Networks
Public or Private
Live Streaming Over the Internet Distributed Patient Campus Security Center Low Delay Streaming in a
for Local Governments Monitoring System Extension to Situation Room Gross Anatomy Lab
www.extron.com 45
Streaming Presentations to Overflow Rooms
Network
The shared-use facility network uses pull streaming to extend
presentations from the Auditorium to Overflow rooms. If many
connections are required, multicast push streaming can be deployed
if the network is equipped with routers and switchers configured to
support IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol for multicast
streaming. The SMP 351 supports both multicast and unicast
streaming. Multicast is preferred when streaming to many endpoints,
minimizing bandwidth, and efficiently distributing streams to end
Overview points. Streaming bit rates of 5 Mbps to 7 Mbps are sufficient to
Presentation rooms and auditoriums may occasionally feature presentations support high definition streaming. Very large displays such as those
that must reach more people than they can accommodate. To solve this located in the Overflow rooms would benefit from a higher bit rate,
challenge, AV streaming can be used to provide a flexible and cost-effective such as 10 Mbps.
solution to extend presentations to Overflow rooms or other locations
anywhere on the network
Decoding
Room Needs Assessment Decoding is performed an Extron SMD 101 located in each Overflow
Source Inputs Sources in the auditorium include a PC, HD-SDI room to support streaming resolutions up to 1080p/60.
video camera, and a microphone.
Display - Near End A high definition projection system is installed in Control
the auditorium. In the Presentation room, an SMP 351 encoder is connected to the
Physical Location Presentations are viewable in the auditorium, network, where users access the SMP 351s internal Web pages to
in pre-determined Overflow rooms, or other remotely set up encoding before presentations, or make adjustments
locations either in the same facility or across during presentations, to optimize streaming performance. In the
campus, as required.
Presentation room and Overflow rooms, Extron TLP Pro TouchLink
Control System An Extron TLP Pro 720T in the Auditorium and
touchpanels provide Ethernet-based control of AV presentation
a TLP Pro 1020T in Overflow rooms provide
convenient control of the AV system systems, displays, and the encoder, allowing users to easily initiate or
terminate streaming as needed.
Network A shared use Facility LAN - local area network
connects the Auditorium with Overflow locations.
Displays - Far End Overflow rooms are equipped with projectors or
flat panel displays. Additional viewing may occur
on laptop or PC displays, as required.
Functional Audio and video must be streamed at bit rates
Requirements appropriate to the capacity of the LAN, but high
enough to provide image quality access for
viewing streaming presentation content such as
live camera, power point presentations or other
AV content on the Overflow rooms high resolution
projection systems. A simple touchpanel interface
is required to manage AV system devices.
WiFi 1 2 3 4
HD-SDI
Wireless
Microphone
HDMI System FLAT PANEL
Extron
Extron
SMP 351 3G-SDI Audio Extron HDMI Audio
SMD 101 Remote
Streaming Media Processor SMD 101 IR Remote Control
LAN Streaming Media
100-240V --A MAX
HDMI HDMI
AUDIO 3
B-Y
5 OUTPUTS SMP 351
Decoder POWER
CHANNEL VOLUME
INPUTS-CH B
INPUTS-CH A
MOUSE / LOOPOUT
KEYBOARD 1
3G/HD/SDI LAN SMD 101 1 2 3 4
1 L R POWER
DIGITAL I/O REMOTE
OUTPUTS
4 12V
5 6 7 8
2
A/V
INFO ENTER
MUTE
R-Y VID
1 2 3 4 G Tx Rx G HDMI S G Tx Rx G
VIDEO
50-60 Hz AUDIO
MUTE PROGRESS
PLAY
LOOP STOP
Audio System
www.extron.com 47
AV Presentation Room Monitoring
Ethernet
IP
Network
Monitoring PC
Presentation Room
Extron
SI 28
Surface Mount Speakers
Ethernet
Projector Extron
XPA 1002
Power Amplifier
100-240V 1.3A, 50-60Hz
17TT XPA 1002
C US AUDIO/VIDEO
LISTED
APPARATUS CLASS 2 WIRING
LEVEL INPUTS REMOTE OUTPUT
1 2 1 2
1 2 10V 50 mA
Extron
LIMITER/ 1 2
VOL/MUTE
PROTECT
SIGNAL
3 RS-232
R
Tx Rx
0.5A MAX
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
Audio
Audio
Composite
Extron
MPS 409
Media Presentation Switcher VGA DVI
100-240V ~ 0.2A VGA/YUV HDMI VIDEO
1 2 OUTPUT 1
1 2 OUTPUT 1 3 1 2 OUTPUT
MIC/LINE
1 3 L L L LEVEL
+48V
OUTPUT
PROGRAM
AUDIO RS-232
LINE
MIC/LINE
ON
1 2 OUTPUT OUT IN RS-232
L R
2 R R R + - + - + - ON Tx Rx
OUTPUT
1 2
1 2 OUTPUT 2 OUTPUT
MIC
50/60 Hz
OFF
DVI-D 2
RS-232
Audio
Audio
Extron Extron
COMPUTER COMPUTER
TCP/IP
PUSH PUSH
POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIRECTV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV
Mute
4 5 6
Mute
7 8 9
Audio
Room
Control Last
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
WiFi 1 2 3 4 WiFi 1 2 3 4
Extron
TLP Pro 1020T
10" Tabletop
TouchLink Pro
Touchpanel
VCR/DVD Combo
PC with DVI Output PC with DVI Output
www.extron.com 49
Live Streaming Over the Internet for Local Governments
YPrPb
Audio
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
Audio
PC Firewall
Ethernet
CDN
Content
Server
Internet
CDN Login and
Streaming Access
Management
CDN CDN
Content Content Content
Server Delivery Server
Network
iPhone
WiFi 1 2 3 4 WiFi 1 2 3 4
PC PC
www.extron.com 51
Distributed Patient Monitoring System
Network
10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet network switches are connected to
the Extron SME100HD encoder and every SMD101 decoder
throughout the facility. The facility network is configured to support
IGMP multicast traffic, ensuring that high definition AV streams are
distributed efficiently.
Overview
To improve patient care, hospitals can use AV streaming to distribute a visual Decoding
summary of patient vital statistics to staff throughout the facility. This helps a Compact SMD101 decoders are conveniently mounted behind,
limited number of staff efficiently monitor patient status and quickly identify or in close proximity to, flat panel displays. Extron mounting kits are
urgent patient needs.
available to secure SMD101 decoders into equipment racks, under
Room Needs Assessment tables or desks, or onto poles. HDMI cables connect SMD101
Source Inputs Vital statistics and other information originate from
decoders to flat panel displays using Extron Lock-it cable lacing
medical equipment in patient rooms, presenting brackets, which ensure that reliable connections are maintained.
data and graphic information at 1080p resolution. Each SMD101 decoder has its adjustable buffer set to 2seconds,
Identification numbers are presented in lieu of ensuring continuous decoding, even in situations of network
patient names, preserving anonymity.
contention and errors. Decoded video preserves the original 1080p
Displays - Near End Patient data is presented on a flat panel display source resolution, providing an accurate reproduction of the original
near medical source equipment.
data and graphic information which is presented upon the 1080p flat
Physical Location Patient monitoring equipment is centrally located panel displays.
in the facility. Flat panel displays presenting
patient information are located at working stations Control
throughout the healthcare facility.
The SME100HD encoder and SMD101 decoders have been
Control System The streaming distribution system will be
configured to operate in a fixed operational state. configured using their embedded web page interfaces to continuously
Healthcare facilities such as this operate 24 hours stream one 1080p video source from the SME100HD encoder to
per day, seven days per week. every SMD101 in the system. As there is no need to change this
Network Sections of the facility network streaming patient continuous stream, the system is left in a fixed operating state.
data are equipped to support 100/1000BaseT
connection speeds and can support streaming
traffic in the 5 to 10 Mbps range. The network is
configured to support IGMP multicast streaming.
Displays - Far End Large, 1080p flat panel displays are strategically
placed in areas where staff members regularly
conjugate or their normal working areas.
Functional The 1080p video content is streamed at very
Requirements high quality, preserving the text, characters, and
graphical information so that it can be accurately
interpreted by healthcare workers.
60
98
20
100 70
377
372 35 DVI
DVI
Extron
SME 100 HD
Streaming Media Encoder
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 2 3
VID C
3 RS-232
R
Tx Rx
0.5A MAX
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
Ethernet
Healthcare
Center
LAN
60 60 60
98 98 98
20 20 20
100 70 100 70 100 70
OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
www.extron.com 53
Streaming of School Announcements and Central Media Assets
Video
Audio
SME 100 HD
Camera Component
Streaming Media
Encoder
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 1 1
VID C
Extron
RGB/R-Y,Y,B-Y/YC/VID BUFFERED LOOP POWER
Extron
L R L R L R LAN CHANNEL VOLUME
3 RS-232
SMD 101
R 1 2 3 4
BUFFERED LOOP
Extron
0.5A MAX 9 0
Streaming
A/V
MUTE INFO
Preview Monitor
VIDEO
SMD 101
MUTE
Stereo Amplifier
AUDIO
MUTE PROGRESS
Media
PLAY
STOP
Component
SMD 101
Decoder
MPA 152 Plus
REMOTE
Audio
OUTPUTS
8 / 4
CLASS 2
INPUTS WIRING
POWER L R
SMD 101 12V
POWER 0.7A MAX
OUTPUTS
REMOTE
12V AUDIO
--A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
L R L R V C G
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
10V 50mA
Ethernet Ethernet
WiFi 1 2 3 4
ON OFF PC 1
RS-232
CONFIG
4
Projector
MLC 104 Plus
Control
Audio
Extron Extron
SME 100 HD MLC 104 IP Plus
Controller Extron
Streaming Media SM 26
DVI Audio Encoder Projector
Surface Mount
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2
INPUTS
1
AUDIO
1 1
Speakers
VID C
3 RS-232
R
Classroom
Tx Rx
0.5A MAX
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
Ethernet
WiFi 1 2 3 4
PC
Extron Laptop PC DVD VCR
Doc
Cam
Tuner 123
Ethernet
Off
4 5 6
10" Tabletop
Mute Mute
Room
7 8 9
Control Last
TouchLink Pro
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Touchpanel
Extron
POWER
Extron
CHANNEL VOLUME
5 6 7 8
VIDEO
MUTE
Media
PLAY
PAUSE
STOP
IR Remote Control
Central Media Resources
SMD 101
Decoder
REMOTE
OUTPUTS
8 / 4
CLASS 2
INPUTS WIRING
SMD 101 POWER L R
POWER 12V
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO 0.7A MAX
REMOTE
--A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
L R V C G
Extron
HDMI S G Tx Rx G L R
LAN 10V 50mA
Ethernet
SME 100 HD LAN
Streaming Media Encoder DISPLAY
PC
Audio Audio
100-240VAC ON OFF
HDMI Audio
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO 1
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 1 1
VID C
Laptop 2
VOLUME
RGB/R-Y,Y,B-Y/YC/VID BUFFERED LOOP
L R L R L R LAN
3
3 RS-232
RS-232
R CONFIG
4
Tx Rx
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
Projector
0.5A MAX
PC
VID C
WiFi 1 2 3 4
3 RS-232
R
Tx Rx
0.5A MAX
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
Ethernet
DVD/VCR Combo YPrPb
EJECT OPEN/CLOSE
Audio
DVD
VHS
Extron
POWER
POWER
Extron
CHANNEL VOLUME
VHS DVD
SMD 101
1 2 3 4
RGB Audio
5 6 7 8
Streaming
A/V
MUTE INFO
VIDEO
MUTE
Media
PLAY
PAUSE
STOP
SMD 101
Extron
OUTPUTS
8 / 4
Doc
Laptop PC DVD VCR Cam
Tuner 123
CLASS 2
INPUTS WIRING
SMD 101 L R
Channel Presets
1 2 3 --A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
Off
4 5 6
10" Tabletop
Mute Mute
HDMI S G Tx Rx G L R L R V C G
Ethernet
Control Last
More
TouchLink Pro
Screen 0 Enter Presets
IR
Off
Touchpanel Ethernet
IR Ethernet
DISPLAY
ON OFF PC 1
Audio Audio
VOLUME
Laptop 2 HDMI Audio
Extron WiFi 1 2 3 4
CONFIG
3
RS-232
IPCP Pro 550
4
Projector
IP Link Pro MLC 104 Plus
Control
Audio
Control Processor Extron
100-240V ~ 50-60Hz
1 2 1 2 3 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 P W R OUT = 1 2 W
IPCP PRO 550
Control SM 26
and Preview
+ - + - T x R x G T x R x G T x R x G T x R x G RTS CTS S G S G S G S G
Surface Mount
5A MAX 12 VDC COM IR/SERIAL RELAYS FLEX I/O
Projector
Speakers
www.extron.com 55
Corporate Enterprise H.264 Streaming
Network
The campus LAN provides transport for streaming from an
Extron SME100HD encoder and network attached storage. The
SME100HD consumes sufficiently low bandwidth that streaming
traffic can be mixed with data and voice traffic over the campus
network.
Decoding
Overview
The broadly accepted H.264 standard offers great compatibility for the Extron SMD 101 units decode live H.264 streams from the
transport of live streamed content or playback of AV media files over an Presentation Room and play back AV media files available from
enterprise network. Use of existing network infrastructures is a cost-efficient network shares. The AV media files may be MP4 or MPEG-2
and practical way to extend content to distant viewing locations.
Transport stream container format files. Playlists and channel lists are
In this example, a large corporation streams presentations to overflow meeting prepared in SMD101 decoders to make selection of live streams or
rooms as well as ad hoc destinations on PCs connected to the Campus LAN. defined AV media files simple.
In addition, pre-produced promotional and training content is played back on
demand from network shares.
Control
Room Needs Assessment Extron TLP Pro 720C touchpanels and IPCP Pro 250 control
Source Inputs Sources include a PC, DVD player, and an SMD processors in the Presentation Room and Meeting Rooms provide
101 H.264 streaming media decoder, which simple control over playlists and channel lists pre-defined in SMD 101
decodes pre-produced AV content from network
decoders.
shares.
Display - Near End A 1080p projector in the Presentation Room Monitoring
presents content encoded for streaming over the
network, including local sources and decoded AV or IT staff can easily monitor live streaming from any PC in the
content from network shares. facility. Access to the SME 100 encoder is password protected.
Physical Location The Presentation Room is located in the main
corporate facility. Meeting rooms are distributed
across the corporate campus, and are too
distant for dedicated AV cable to be economically
feasible.
Control System Touchpanel controllers provide simple control in
the Presentation Room and Meeting Rooms.
Network The existing campus network is used to transport
streaming content. A dedicated or segmented
network cannot be installed.
Displays - Far End Large, flat panel displays in meeting rooms
present content streamed from the Presentation
Room or from network shares.
Shares
Surface Mount AV Media
Speakers Files
Extron
XPA 1002
Power Amplifier Audio Audio
Extron
SMD 101
WiFi 1 2 3 4
Streaming
STANDBY
12 10 8 12 10 8
14 6 14 6 G FLAT PANEL
LIMITER/PROTECT 18 4 4
26 2 2
SIGNAL
Media
0 0
V C G CLASS 2 WIRING
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
1 2 3 1 2 RS-232 (1)
Ethernet TCP/IP
DMP 64
MIC/LINE INPUTS
1 2 3 G Tx Rx G
OUTPUTS
REMOTE
Network
MIC LAN
POWER + 48 V
I/O
12V 1 2 3
1.0A MAX 4 5 6 3 4 RS-232 (2) RESET
DVD Player
4 5 6 4 5 6 G Tx Rx G
Audio Audio
Extron Ethernet
RS-232 IPCP Pro 250 Ethernet PC
Component IP Link Pro
Control Processor COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
Ethernet
IPCP PRO 250
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
IPCP PRO 250
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 2 3
Extron
VID C Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
+V +S -S G
Cam
3 RS-232
--A MAX V C G 1 2 C +V +S -S G On
1 2 3
Channel Presets
S G LAN
Extron
Room
0.5A MAX Control Last
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Extron
Lighting Help December 15, 2013 - 7:58 AM
System Audio
Off Control
TouchLink Pro
IPCP Pro 250
SME 100 Audio Audio Touchpanel
IP Link Pro
Streaming Media DVI
Control Processor
Encoder
Campus
Extron POWER
SMD 101
LAN
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
SMD 101
--A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
Streaming Media
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
Meeting Room 2
Decoder HDMI Flat Panel Display with Speakers
RSS-232
Projector
MODEL 80
Ethernet
Ethernet
Doc
Laptop PC DVD VCR Tuner 123
Cam
Display Volume
Tuner
On
Channel Presets
1 2 3
Off
4 5 6
Mute Mute
7 8 9
Ethernet
Room
Control Last
TCP/IP
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Extron
Lighting Help December 15, 2013 - 7:58 AM
System Audio
Off Control
Extron
Network
SMD 101
Extron Streaming FLAT PANEL
Ethernet
TLP Pro 720C Media HDMI Audio DVI Audio
7" Cable Cubby Decoder
TouchLink Pro SMD 101
Touchpanel
POWER
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
IR
Ethernet
WiFi 1 2 3 4
TCP/IP
Network
Ethernet
Ethernet PC
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
IPCP PRO 250
Extron
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
Extron
www.extron.com 57
High Resolution Signage
Network
The facility LAN supports streaming bit rates from 5 to 7Mbps from
each SME100HD encoder. The network is configured by IT staff
to support IGMP multicast traffic, which limits streaming traffic to
the sections subscribed to each stream. This increases available
Overview bandwidth, allowing for efficient future growth. Many more displays
IP networks can provide a cost-effective delivery infrastructure for AV signals. and SMD101 decoders can be integrated into this system using
In this example, a facility shares company news, promotes events, and multicast transport for audio and video.
showcases new products and services to visitors and employees with a high-
resolution signage system managed over the facilitys network. Decoding
Room Needs Assessment Large flat panel displays are installed in the lobby and employee
Source Inputs Sources include pre-produced content from a
cafeterias. Extron SMD 101 decoders are connected to the displays
messaging PC and a cable/satellite receiver in the and decode selected AV sources. Where necessary, the SMD 101
Central Media Studio. scales output signals to match the display resolution. Analog stereo
Display - Near End A local desktop flat panel display presents audio is supplied to embedded speakers in the flat panel displays.
content encoded for streaming over the network. HDMI-embedded stereo audio is available when analog audio inputs
are not available.
Physical Location Source equipment and a streaming encoder are
located in the Central Media Studio.
Control
Control System Source streams may be selected either centrally
Facility staff can select sources for local display with the Extron
from the Media Studio or locally from far end
displays using an IR remote control. SMD101Remote, a handheld IR remote controller in the lobby or
cafeteria. In the Central Media Studio, an Extron TLPPro 720M
Network The facility network is segmented by IT staff for
streaming of high resolution AV content from the Touchlink Pro Touchpanel and accompanying IPCP Pro 250 IP Link
Central Media Studio to the viewing locations. Pro control processor provide central management over the high-
Displays - Far End Large flat panel displays in the Lobby and
resolution signage streaming system. RS-232 control transported
Cafeteria present pre-produced high resolution from the Central Media Studio to the SMD101 streaming media
content streamed over the facility network. Two decoders manage far end display functions, including power on/off.
displays are presented in this application, but
many more displays may be integrated into this
distribution system.
SME 100 HD
Streaming Media Encoder
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO
1 R-Y Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 2 3
VID C
3 RS-232
R
Tx Rx
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
0.5A MAX
Ethernet
FLAT PANEL
CHANNEL VOLUME
DVI
WiFi
IR Remote Control
5 6 7 8
Messaging PC
9 0
VIDEO
MUTE
AUDIO
MUTE PROGRESS
PLAY
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO SMD 101
PREV PAUSE NEXT
VID C
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
SMD 101 REMOTE
3 RS-232
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
R
Tx Rx
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
0.5A MAX
Ethernet
Ethernet
LAN
Cafeteria
Component Audio
Flat Panel with Speakers
MODEL 80
Cable/Satellite
VOL
Tx Rx G
RELAYS
1 2 3
eBUS
4 G
IR/S
IPCP Pro 250
IP Link Pro
12V
--A MAX V C G 1 2 C +V +S -S G
Control Processor
PWR OUT = 6W S G LAN
FLAT PANEL
Ethernet
Extron HDMI Audio RS-232
TLP Pro 720M Laptop PC DVD VCR
Doc
Cam
Tuner 123
Extron Extron
Display Volume
SMD 101
POWER
Off
4 5 6
TouchLink Pro
VOLUME
Mute Mute
Room
7 8 9
Control Last
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets 1 2 3 4
9 0
Extron
Decoder
A/V
INFO ENTER
MUTE
VIDEO
MUTE
AUDIO
MUTE PROGRESS
Ethernet POWER
SMD 101 PREV
LOOP
PLAY
PAUSE
STOP
NEXT
OUTPUTS
12V AUDIO
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 RESET
SMD 101 REMOTE
HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
Ethernet
www.extron.com 59
HDCP-Compliant Streaming
Overview Analog audio from the rooms sound system is input into the VNE250
Many AV systems today have completely digital processing and switching encoder, which simultaneously passes it to the flat panel display.
architectures. Use of just one HDCP-encrypted source, such as a Blu-ray Audio is synchronized to video in VN-Matrix streaming systems.
player, satellite receiver, or PC with an HDMI output can mandate that every
component along the signal path is HDCP-compliant. In addition, extending
this content to other viewing areas will require HDCP-compliance in these Network
locations as well. This corporate boardroom has an HDCP-compliant system Local Area Network switches with 100/1000BaseT network
that presents between one and four images on a large projection display. This connections are interfaced with the VN-Matrix encoder and decoders.
content must be available to other meeting rooms; however it is impractical to
The network switches can be segmented using a VLAN to separate
use a continuous cable to connect these locations.
streaming traffic from voice and data as it is transported between
Room Needs Assessment from encoders to decoders.
Staffing The board room will be operated by company
directors and managers who are not AV Streaming Decoder
specialists, requiring a user-friendly operating An Extron VND250 decoder at each of the remote locations rapidly
interface.
decodes the video/graphic stream in just 35 ms, and outputs an
Source Inputs A Blu-ray player, satellite receiver, PC, and laptop/
HDMI signal with embedded audio to an HDCP-compliant flat panel
BYOD connection are fed into an MGP 464 Pro
DI HDCP-compliant multi-window processor. An display. The PURE3 codecs error concealment system preserves a
additional PC provides background content. The reliable, stable picture even during situations of high bit errors, jitter,
MGP 464 Pro DI presents various combinations or lost packets. Latency is extremely low, with video delivery between
or one to four images over the background
the sending and receiving locations taking less than 100ms.
source as a single, composited image. An audio
system mixes the analog audio signals into a
single stereo format. The video and audio from
Decoded video is displayed at original source resolution, or scaled
this system will be streamed to other locations. down when necessary to fit the display. If a display is not HDCP-
System Reach Video must be extended to reach three remote compliant, a green screen is presented, aiding troubleshooting.
meeting rooms.
Control
Network The company network has been designed
to support a variety of data, voice, and video An Extron VNMEnterpriseController manages the VNE250
applications. Sections of the network may be encoder as well as the VND250 decoders for configuration from one
segmented or provisioned to support video simple web interface.
streaming traffic between the defined endpoints.
Streaming Quality Imagery comprised of multiple high-definition The MGP464ProDI processor and the streaming system are
video sources and computer visualizations create both managed from the board room by an Extron TouchLink
a single high resolution image. Quality must be TouchPanel system interfaced with the MGP464ProDI and the
preserved, delivering a pixel-for-pixel reproduction
VNMEnterpriseController.
of the board rooms presentation to remote
meeting rooms.
The board room has master control over the streaming products,
Functional High quality imagery, including HDCP-encrypted
and can manage access to streamed connections from the
Requirements video, will be extended from a board room to up
to three remote meeting rooms. meeting rooms. Each meeting room is equipped with an Extron
MLC104IPPlus controller for selection of the displays input source
and adjustment of volume.
Extron
Ethernet
MLC 104 IP Plus
DISPLAY
MediaLink Controller
Cam
Ethernet
On
Channel Presets
1 2 3
Off COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
10" Tabletop
IPCP PRO 250
4 5 6 PC 3
Mute Mute
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
Room
7 8 9 POWER VOL RELAYS eBUS IR/S CONFIG
TouchLink Pro
Control Last 12V
More
--A MAX V C G 1 2 C +V +S -S G 4
IR
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Touchpanel
Off
1 2 3 4 5 8 11 14 17
RS-232/422
R R R R VID VID VID VID VID
R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y Y Y Y Y Y
BACKGROUND OUTPUTS
VN-Matrix Decoder
6 9 12 15 18
G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV VID VID VID VID VID R/ G/Y B/
VID VID VID VID B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y B-Y
C C C C C
100- 240V -A MAX
7 10 13 16 19
Ethernet
B/C V B/C V B/C V B/C V VID VID VID VID VID H/ V
HV LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y
OUTPUT
INPUT
HDMI HDMI
OUTPUT
L R L R
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
2
I/O
ACT/
LINK
50/60 Hz HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
FLAT PANEL
Extron
LAN Meeting Room 2
VNE 250
VN-Matrix
WiFi 1 2 3 4
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
Extron
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
THRU
INPUT 1
RGB L R L R
POWER USB
12V HDMI
Encoder
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
DISPLAY
I/O
ACT/
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
ON
Laptop
OFF VCR 1
DVI
VOLUME
DVD 2
MediaLink Controller
PC 3
WiFi 1 2 3 4
IR
MLC 104 IP Plus
PC MODEL 80
Extron
MODEL 80
PC
HDMI VND 250
PUSH
POWER
DIRECTV
GUIDE MENU
SELECT
RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIRECTV HD
PUSH
VN-Matrix Decoder
LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
L R L R
Satellite Receiver
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
2
I/O
ACT/
LINK
Ethernet
PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI
FLAT PANEL
FLAT PANEL
USB
Blu-ray Player
Flat Panel Display Meeting Room 3
DVI
WiFi 1 2 3 4 WiFi 1 2 3 4
Extron
MLC 104 IP Plus
DISPLAY
ON OFF VCR 1
Extron VOLUME
DVD 2
MediaLink Controller
VN-Matrix Enterprise Controller CONFIG
PC 3
IR
Ethernet MLC 104 IP Plus
PC PC MODEL 80
DVI Audio
Extron
VND 250
VN-Matrix Decoder
LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
L R L R
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
2
I/O
ACT/
LINK
Ethernet
FLAT PANEL
www.extron.com 61
Distance Collaboration across an Enterprise
Recording
Extron VNR100 recorders record and playback imagery captured
Overview from live streams sent across the Enterprise WAN. Multiple
A major U.S. defense contractor manages large aeronautical, defense, space, recorders can playback synchronized streams, allowing multi-source
and IT programs for the United States Federal Government Agencies and the presentations to be recorded and played back in a fashion that
Department of Defense. This application brings together situation awareness reproduces the original viewing experience.
and operational imagery from real-time collaborative experiments, training
experiments, and operations from multiple sites across the United States.
Network
Critical to this application is the ability to collaborate, viewing high definition
imagery with identical quality simultaneously at locations that are thousands of Local Area Network switches with Layer3 switching and routing
miles apart. capabilities interface with VNE250 encoders, VND250 decoders,
and VNR100 recorders. Network encryption is applied to IP traffic
Room Needs Assessment
that exits secure facilities over the Enterprise WAN.
Staffing Specially trained staff manages command and
control, simulation, and AV equipment at each
location. Streaming Decoders
Source Inputs Each site is equipped with computers and image VND250 units decode live or recorded content. Visually lossless
generating equipment that create sophisticated quality is preserved. Images can be decoded at native resolution or
visualization and simulation imagery. Inputs scaled to match the display.
include high definition video, multi-graphic
windowing processors, that may operate using Error concealment ensures that stable, artifact free images are
analog or digital signal formats using a variety
of resolutions such as 1024x768, 1280x720, presented if network errors are experienced.
1280x1024, 1920x1080 or 1920x1200.
Extron VND250 units rapidly decode live or recorded content in
Displays Near End A variety of flat panel, large screen projection, and
videowall display systems may be used at each just 35ms, either at native resolution or scale video to match the
site. resolution of connected displays. PURE3 error concealment delivers
reliable, artifact-free video even over unstable networks with bit errors,
Geography The operating sites are situated at various
locations across the country. jitter, and lost packets.
MODEL 80
WiFi 1 2 3 4 WiFi 1 2 3 4
PC PC FLAT PANEL
Flat Panel
HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI Display
Projectors
Audio Extron Audio Extron
VNE 250 VNE 250 HDMI HDMI HDMI
VN-Matrix VN-Matrix
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
THRU THRU
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT 1 INPUT 1
OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT
RGB L R L R RGB L R L R L R L R L R L R L R L R
USB USB
Encoder
POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER
Encoder
12V HDMI 12V HDMI 12V 1 12V 1 12V 1
USB
USB
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET
COMS
COMS
COMS
COMS
COMS
2 2 2
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Ethernet
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
LINK
LINK
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
Ethernet
Extron Extron
VND 250 VND 250 Audio
VN-Matrix VN-Matrix
Extron Decoder Decoder
VN-Matrix Enterprise Controller Ethernet
Audio
System
AV Extron
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
IPCP PRO 250
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
LAN
PWR OUT = 6W S G LAN
Extron
VNR 100 Ethernet
VN-Matrix Single Channel Recorder Network
Laptop PC DVD VCR
Doc
Cam
Tuner 123
Extron Router
TLP Pro 1020T
Display Volume
Tuner
On
Channel Presets
1 2 3
Off
10" Tabletop
4 5 6
Mute Mute
7 8 9
Ethernet
Room
Control Last
TouchLink Pro
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Extron
Lighting Help December 15, 2013 - 7:58 AM
System Audio
Off Control
Touchpanel
VNR 100
VN-Matrix Single Channel Recorder Network
Encryption
Ethernet
Location 2
Enterprise 1
Location 3 WAN
4 2
3
Location 4
Ethernet 5
Location 5
Extron Laptop PC DVD VCR
Doc
Cam
Tuner 123
Extron
VN-Matrix Enterprise Controller TLP Pro 1020T
Display Volume
Tuner
On
Channel Presets
1 2 3
Off
10" Tabletop
4 5 6
Mute Mute
7 8 9
Network
Room
Last
TouchLink Pro
Control
More
0
Ethernet
Enter Presets
Screen
Ethernet Encryption
Lighting Help December 15, 2013 - 7:58 AM
System Audio
Off Control
Touchpanel
Network
Router
AV Extron
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
IPCP PRO 250
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
LAN
PWR OUT = 6W S G LAN
Ethernet
Extron
VNR 100
VN-Matrix Single Channel Recorder Extron Extron Audio
System
VND 250 VND 250
VN-Matrix VN-Matrix
Decoder Decoder
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
Ethernet LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
THRU THRU
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT 1 INPUT 1
OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT
RGB L R L R RGB L R L R L R L R L R L R L R L R
POWER USB POWER USB POWER
1 POWER
1 POWER
1
12V HDMI 12V HDMI 12V 12V 12V
USB
USB
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET
COMS
COMS
COMS
COMS
COMS
2 2 2
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
LINK
LINK
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
MODEL 80
WiFi 1 2 3 4 WiFi 1 2 3 4
FLAT PANEL
www.extron.com 63
Campus Security Center Extension to Situation Room
Streaming Encoder
In the Campus Security Center, two Extron VNE250 HDCP-
compliant encoders employing the PURE3 codec each receive
a 1920x1080 HDMI signal from the Video Management System
Workstation. Loop through outputs from both VNE250 encoders
feed two flat panel displays.
Overview
The VNE250 encoders input signals are rapidly encoded in just
Surveillance cameras and video management systems combine to present
imagery in control rooms and security centers, like this one on a university 35ms at the Video Management Systems original resolution of
campus. While this imagery may be valuable to use in other locations, it 1920x1080 per output, with 24 bit, 4:4:4 color sampling. Preservation
is impractical to transport the many sources to other sites. AV streaming of color information and streaming at native resolution ensures that
connects visual data produced in these environments to other locations across imagery from video cameras and fine detail presented in maps and
standard, routable IP networks.
data screens will be preserved.
Room Needs Assessment
Network
Staffing University IT staff manage network and AV
equipment across the entire campus. Local Area Network switches transport the streaming traffic from the
Source Inputs Surveillance cameras, facility maps, and
VN-Matrix encoder to decoders. A VLAN can be configured if there
infrastructure visualizations are routed through is a desire to segment the streaming video from the voice and data
the Video Management System Workstation and traffic. Streaming bit rates may range from 20 to 50Mbps or higher to
presented on displays in the campus security preserve the highest image quality presented in the campus security
center.
center to present in the situation room. A variety of bit rate controls
System Reach Visual data may be streamed hundreds of yards are available to fine tune to bandwidth and fit a desired streaming bit
or a few miles using the campus network.
rate.
Network The campus network is intended to support a
variety of data, voice, and video applications. Streaming Decoder
Sections of the network can be segmented or
provisioned to support video streaming traffic Two Extron VND250 decoders located in the situation room at the
between defined endpoints if required. Executive Campus offices decode the video/graphic stream in 35ms
Streaming Quality Imagery built up from multiple video cameras, and outputs the decoded streams to two flat panel displays.
computer maps, and visualizations create high
resolution, detailed images. Detail must to be The PURE3 codecs error concealment system preserves a reliable,
preserved, delivering a pixel-for-pixel reproduction stable picture, even during situations of high bit errors, jitter, or lost
for critical analysis at the receiving location. packets. Latency is extremely low, with video delivery between the
Functional Extend high quality visual data from selected Campus Security Center and the Situation Room taking less than
Requirements screens in the Campus Security Center to the 100ms, ensuring that the two locations are simultaneously viewing
Situation Room located at the Executive Campus
offices several blocks away. Low delay streaming the same content during telephone discussions.
will be valuable to ensure Executors can see the
same content as the security center. Decoded video is displayed at original source resolution, or scaled to
match a display if necessary.
Control
The universitys IT staff manages the system with one of the two
VNE250 encoders, which is configured to serve as the system
controller. The two encoders are set in a fixed configuration to stream
continuously without user input. Executive staff can select different
sources for viewing at any time, seeing a real-time view of surveillance
video from across the campus.
HDMI HDMI
HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI
Extron Extron Extron Extron
VNE 250 VNE 250 VND 250 VND 250
VN-Matrix LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
VN-Matrix VN-Matrix LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
VN-Matrix
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
THRU THRU
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT 1 INPUT 1
USB
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET RESET RESET RESET
COMS
COMS
COMS
COMS
2 2
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
Campus
Network
Ethernet Ethernet
HDMI HDMI
1 2 3 4
WiFi
Video Management
System Workstation
IP Cameras
Ethernet
IP
Surveillance
Network
www.extron.com 65
Low Delay Streaming in a Gross Anatomy Lab
Network
All streamed video destinations reside within the Gross Anatomy
Lab and are served from a common network switch. This managed
network environment allows IGMP multicast streaming to be used
and has sufficient bandwidth to support bit rates in the 25Mbps
range. All workstation PCs have sufficient processing to decode
Overview VN-Matrix streams with full quality.
Audio visual technology can aid the effectiveness of instructional laboratory
environments which often include workbenches and equipment that prevent Video Decoding
students from clearly observing subject matter at the instructors working Streamed video is decoded at student workstation PCs using
station.
VNMSoftwareDecoder, which decodes with a very low latency.
In this design, a Gross Anatomy Lab utilizes the existing network to stream Total latency, from video capture to presentation on displays, is less
high definition video to student stations that allows students to see a clear than 100ms, ensuring that the instructors gestures correspond with
visual reference of the instructors working subject. Low latency streaming of audio heard directly in the laboratory.
high definition video to personal student displays provides a visual reference
of instructors gestures pointing at working subjects identifying detail while
ensuring the timing of the video aligns with the audio which is heard overhead Audio
or from a reinforcement system. The instructor may be heard directly or from an overhead
reinforcement system.
Room Needs Assessment
Source Inputs High definition video will be collected from an Control
overhead camera at either 720p or 1080p
resolution. To view the live video stream, students select the
Physical Location An instructor points and gestures at specific VNMSoftwareDecoder desktop icon with their workstation PC
physical areas of the subject being studied. Each mouse. They can size the application to fill the entire screen or only
student has their own subject to examine at their part of the desktop.
own personal working station. Individuals are
dispersed across the laboratory.
Audio The instructors voice will be heard directly by
students or through an overhead reinforcement
system. Video streamed to working stations
must have extremely low latency in order for the
gestures of the instructor to be clearly correlated
to audible instructions.
User Control The instructor and students access presentations,
online data, and real-time, streamed video from
flat panel displays connected to desktop PCs
located at each working station.
Network The laboratory network that is used by the
working station PCs will deliver real-time
streaming video from the instructors working
station to the PCs used at the student working
stations.
Displays Far - End Large flat panels are mounted above student
stations for easy viewing of network accessible
reference data or streaming video.
Unique Requirements All PCs receive streamed video and other data via
the IP network; there are no dedicated AV cable
runs to student stations.
Camera MODEL 80
STANDBY POWER
WiFi 1 2 3 4
Ethernet HDMI
FLAT PANEL
PC with
VNM Software
Decoder MODEL 80
HDMI
Extron WiFi 1 2 3 4
VNE 250
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
THRU
VN-Matrix
INPUT 1
RGB L R L R
POWER USB
12V HDMI
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
Encoder
I/O
ACT/
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
PC with
VNM Software
Decoder MODEL 80
WiFi 1 2 3 4
Ethernet HDMI
FLAT PANEL
PC with
VNM Software
Decoder
www.extron.com 67
After Action Review
Streaming Quality This application requires the best-possible image Control System
quality, as precise detail is critical for accurate
AAR analysis. Single-line, color detail must be An Extron VNM Enterprise Controller provides system control over the
preserved to effectively analyze pilot decisions VNE250 and VND250 units as well as the VNR100 recorders.
and instrument readings.
Functional The archiving system must be able to capture and The recording and playback control computer accesses the
Requirements playback content, maintaining source resolution VNMEnterpriseControllers web interface, giving the presentation
supporting simultaneous playback and recording. manager start and stop control over recording sessions. A
The system must also support synchronization of
all streams, and variable speed replay with single
playback control computer, located in the AAR room, accesses the
frame advance and reverse. VNMEnterpriseControllers web interface to play back selected
missions.
68 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
Location 1: Simulation Recording
WiFi 1 2 3 4
260
250
350
240
0
10 20
30 40 50
180
70
170
160
8090
100
110
120
130
140
150
Generator 1 320
310
300
290
280
270
340
330
260
250
350
240
0
10 20
30 40 50
180
70
170
160
8090
100
110
120
130
140
150
Generator 2
20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50
10 60 10 60
0 70 0 70
350 8090 350 8090
Recording and
Playback
Control System
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
THRU THRU
COMS
VN-Matrix Encoder VN-Matrix Encoder
I/O
I/O
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
HDMI
Extron Extron
HDMI
MGP 464 ProDI MGP 464 Pro DI
Four Window Multi-Graphic Processor Four Window Multi-Graphic Processor
MGP/WINDOWALL PRO SERIES MGP/WINDOWALL PRO SERIES
REMOTE LAN REMOTE LAN
1 2 3 4 5 8 11 14 17 1 2 3 4 5 8 11 14 17
RS-232/422 RS-232/422
R R R R VID VID VID VID VID R R R R VID VID VID VID VID
R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y Y Y Y Y Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y Y Y Y Y Y
BACKGROUND OUTPUTS BACKGROUND OUTPUTS
6 9 12 15 18 6 9 12 15 18
G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV VID VID VID VID VID R/ G/Y B/ G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV G/Y H/HV VID VID VID VID VID R/ G/Y B/
VID VID VID VID B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y B-Y VID VID VID VID B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y B-Y
C C C C C C C C C C
100- 240V -A MAX 100- 240V -A MAX
7 10 13 16 19 7 10 13 16 19
B/C V B/C V B/C V B/C V VID VID VID VID VID H/ V B/C V B/C V B/C V B/C V VID VID VID VID VID H/ V
B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y HV B-Y B-Y B-Y B-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y R-Y HV
50/60 Hz HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI 50/60 Hz HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI
HDMI HDMI
HDMI
HDMI
Ethernet
Extron Extron
VNE 250 VNE 250
VN-Matrix Encoder VN-Matrix Encoder
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
THRU THRU
INPUT 1 INPUT 1
RGB L R L R RGB L R L R
POWER USB POWER USB
12V HDMI 12V HDMI
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT -A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET RESET
COMS
COMS
I/O
I/O
ACT/
LINK
ACT/
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
HDMI
HDMI
Ethernet Instrument
Ship 1 Recording Panel Image Ship 2 Recording
Generators
Instrument
Panel Image Ethernet
Generators
Ethernet Extron
Extron VNR 100
Ethernet
VNR 100 VN-Matrix Recorder - HUD Image Generator 2
VN-Matrix Recorder - HUD Image Generator 1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Extron
Extron VNR 100
VN-Matrix Recorder - MGP 464 Pro DI Output
VNR 100
VN-Matrix Recorder - MGP 464 Pro DI Output LAN
Location 2: After Action Review
Ethernet
Extron
VND 250
VN-Matrix Decoder
Mission Ethernet
Flat Panel
LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
Audio
STREAMING CONTROL
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
Audio
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT OUTPUT
L R L R L R L R
System
POWER POWER
12V 1 12V 1
USB
USB
COMS
2 2
I/O
I/O
ACT/
ACT/
LINK
LINK
PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI LAN 2 HDMI
OUTPUT
THRU
Mission
INPUT 1
RGB L R L R
POWER USB
12V HDMI LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
INPUT
Computer
COMS
I/O
ACT/
LINK
OUTPUT
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
L R L R
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
2
I/O
Genlock
ACT/
LINK
RGB
PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI
Ethernet
Playback Control Computer Extron
After Action Review VND 250
WiFi 1 2 3 4
HDMI VN-Matrix Decoder HDMI HDMI
Ethernet
Extron
VNR 100
VN-Matrix Recorder - Mission Overview
Shuttle/Jog
Ethernet Controller
www.extron.com 69
Remote Control of Real Time Video Production Equipment
Streaming Encoder
VNE250 encoders encode the HDMI signal produced by real-time
production equipment at studios in distant stadiums and stream the
video/graphic image information to the central production studio.
Visually lossless encoding is made possible by the PURE3 codec,
which preserves both the fine detail of computer graphic data and
video motion.
Network
Overview
Real-time streaming can centralize the production of high definition video A Wide Area Network supports streaming bandwidths from 15 to
collected from dispersed locations. In this application, a national soccer 100Mbps as necessary between the remote studios and the central
league streams high definition post-match interviews to a central production production site.
studio. This ambitious project remotely manages several small, high definition
production systems in stadiums across the country from one central
production studio. Streaming Decoder
A VND250 decoder at the central production studio decodes video/
Room Needs Assessment graphic image information streamed from one of the live interviews
Staffing On-air television talent interviews coaching at the soccer stadiums. Video is delivered with very low latency,
staff, athletes, and analysts at regional soccer under 100ms, giving local engineers natural control of mixing and
stadiums. An effort is made to minimize technical
staffing at stadiums.
effects at remote sites. Low latency is critical to preserve tight tactile
control in this long distance remote control application. PURE3 error
Source Inputs An HDMI signal supplies an image that presents
multiple camera inputs to the production concealment ensures a reliable picture even under conditions of
equipment along with audio levels and other heavy packet loss.
system data.
Geography A centralized facility site is manned with Far End Display
production staff that will remotely control A VND250 unit decodes the HDMI signal streamed in real-time from
production equipment located at sixteen regional
soccer stadiums across the country. the remote stadium. An engineer views the multi-viewer production
display on a large 1920x1200 resolution flat panel display at the
Network A WAN connects the central production site to
remote production equipment at the regional central production studio.
stadiums.
Control
Streaming Quality Video decoded at the national production site
must maintain original source detail and motion. USB keyboard and mouse connections are made from remote
Real time production control requires low latency production equipment to VNE250 encoders and a USB keyboard
for natural keyboard and mouse movement. and mouse are connected to the VND250 decoder. This USB
Functional A video production engineer at the central connection from decoder to encoder allows a keyboard and mouse
Requirements control site must be able to see the detail in the at the central production studio to manage the real time production
multiple source image produced by the real-
time production systems at the original source application interface at remote stadiums.
resolution and with very low latency. Excessive
latency will interfere with tactile control of the
man-machine interface.
OUTPUT
Encoder
O
AUDI
Enterprise
O
AUDI R
RN
RETU L
G OUT
I/O
INPUT
IN
R G
NO
L Rx CK
Tx GENLO
G
HDMI
Rx
WAN
Tx ALARM
OL
COMS
CONTR
THRU
PASS
PUT
OUT ET
RES
USB
1 2 HDMI
LAN
STREAMING CONTROL
LINK
ACT/
R
POWE 2
12V
MAX LAN
-A
OUTPUT
O
AUDI
RN
HDMI LAN
RETU
O R
AUDI
L
G OUT
I/O
LOOP IN
T2 THRU R G
NO
INPU L Rx TTL
Tx
G
Rx
Tx ALARM
OL
COMS
CONTR
THRU
PASS
RGB
T1
INPU
ET THRU
RES LOOP
HDMI
USB THRU
1
LAN LOOP
STREAMING CONTROL
PC
LINK
ACT/
Ethernet
R
POWE 2
12V
MAX LAN
-A
Ethernet
HDMI
H
USB Hub
NO
ITA
CIN
U
xT MMO
C
NO
ITA
CIN
U
xT MMO
C
Stadium 2
Stadium 3 1
Stadium 4
Stadium 5
2
Stadium 6
Stadium 7
Stadium 8
Stadium 9
3
Stadium 10 6 5 4
Stadium 11
Stadium 12
Stadium 13
7
Stadium 14
Stadium 15 9 8
10
Stadium 16
Extron LAN
VNE 250
VN-Matrix To WAN
Encoder 12 11
OUTPUT
O
AUDI
RN
HDMI
RETU
O R
AUDI
L
G OUT
I/O
LOOP IN
T2 THRU R G
NO
INPU L Rx TTL
Tx
G
Rx
Tx ALARM
OL
COMS
13
CONTR
THRU
PASS
RGB
14
T1
INPU
ET THRU
RES LOOP
HDMI
USB THRU
1
LAN LOOP
STREAMING CONTROL
PC
LINK
ACT/
Ethernet
R
POWE 2
12V
MAX LAN
-A
HDMI
H
15
USB Hub
NO
ITA
CIN
U
xT MMO
C
16
NO
ITA
CIN
U
xT MMO
C
www.extron.com 71
Virtual Switching of AV Sources over Networks
Streaming Encoder
Extron VNE250 HDCP-compliant encoders employing the PURE3
codec are located throughout the facility. One VNE250 encodes a
digital high-definition camera feed, and three VNE250 units encode
a combination of analog and digital video graphic signals from
workstation PCs. Loop outputs from workstation encoders feed local
desktop monitors.
Extron
IPCP Pro 250
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O
IPCP PRO 250
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
POWER
12V
--A MAX
VOL
V C G
RELAYS
1 2 C +V +S -S G
eBUS IR/S
IP Link Pro
Ethernet PWR OUT = 6W S G LAN
Control Processor
Ethernet
Extron
Extron
Laptop PC DVD VCR Tuner 123
Cam
IP
TLP Pro 1020T
Display Volume
Tuner
On
Channel Presets
1 2 3
Network
Off
VNE 250
4 5 6
PC 1
Mute
10" Tabletop
WiFi 1 2 3 4 Mute
Room
7 8 9
Last
Virtual
Control
More
Screen 0 Enter Presets
Switching
Extron Touchpanel
HDMI LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
VND 250
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
THRU
COMS
I/O
ACT/
LINK
HDMI
LAN 2
LAN 1 RETURN AUDIO AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
L R L R
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
Ethernet
COMS
2
I/O
ACT/
LINK
PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI
Ethernet
PC 2
WiFi 1 2 3 4
HDMI
HDMI INPUT 2
THRU OUTPUT
INPUT 1
RGB L R L R
POWER USB
12V HDMI
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
Extron
I/O
ACT/
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
HDMI
Ethernet VNS 104
PC 3 Multi-Stream
WiFi 1 2 3 4
Camera 23 Visualization 3
Decoding
RGB Ethernet Software
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
THRU
INPUT 1
RGB L R L R
POWER USB
12V HDMI
DVI
RESET
COMS
I/O
ACT/
LINK
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
RGB
Ethernet
HD PTZ
Camera HDMI
Room 2 Decoding
Ethernet
Laptop PC DVD VCR
Doc
Cam
Tuner 123
Extron
TLP Pro 1020T
LAN 1 INPUT 2 LOOP AUDIO RETURN AUDIO
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
10" Tabletop
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT Mute Mute
RESET
COMS
7 8 9
I/O
Room
ACT/
LINK
Control Last
LAN 2 PC LOOP THRU LOOP THRU PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM TTL
0 Enter
More
Presets
Screen
TouchLink Pro
Lighting Help December 15, 2013 - 7:58 AM
System Audio
Off Control
STREAMING CONTROL
OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
L R L R
POWER
12V 1
USB
-A MAX Tx Rx G Tx Rx NO G IN G OUT
RESET
COMS
2
I/O
ACT/
LINK
PASS THRU CONTROL ALARM GENLOCK
LAN 2 HDMI
Ethernet
HDMI
VNS 104
Multi-Stream WiFi 1 2 3 4
Decoding
Software
Ethernet
DVI
www.extron.com 73
Cross-Country Production Collaboration
Extron Conference
VN-Matrix 325 Phone
SDI, HD-SDI & 3G-SDI
Over IP Codec
H
HD-SDI
ICATION
COMMUNTx
RS-2
32
OUT
R LAN
OTE OVE
REM
ICATION
COMMUNTx
SDI
IN
SDI
OUT
Encoding
ICAL
OPT
HD-SDI IN
ER LAN
Studio Controller
POW
1
DC
12VMAX
5A
Ethernet
Network
Switch
Enterprise
WAN
Network
Switch
Extron Ethernet
VN-Matrix 325
Conference
SDI, HD-SDI & 3G-SDI Phone
Over IP Codec
RS-2
32
HD-SDI Flat Panel
Display with Speakers
R LAN
OTE OVE
REM
Supporting Embedded
SDI
IN
SDI
OUT
Audio
ICAL
OPT
POW
ER LAN
2
HD-SDI
OUT
1
Decoding
DC
12VMAX
5A
www.extron.com 75
Notes
H.264 AV Streaming
The SMP 352 is a high performance streaming and recording processor for capturing and
distributing AV sources and presentations as live streaming or recorded media. It can create
independent recordings from two different sources simultaneously. The SMP 352 accepts
HDMI, component, composite, and optional 3G-SDI signals and applies two-window
processing to selected sources. It can record and stream simultaneously and can stream at
two different resolutions and bit rates concurrently using a range of transport protocols and
session management options. With no recurring licensing fees and comprehensive control
and configuration features, the SMP 352 is a cost-effective, integration-friendly solution for
delivering presentations to a larger audience.
The SMD 202 is a compact, high performance media player and live stream decoder that can
present a locally connected AV signal, decode a live streaming source, or play back media
files. The SMD 202 supports a wide range of media file container formats and streaming
protocols, making it adaptable for use with a variety of encoded media. Advanced signal
processing, scaling, and aspect ratio management supply high quality signals to AV displays.
The SMD 202 can be controlled using Ethernet, RS232, IR, or wired IR.
www.extron.com 77
H.264 AV Streaming Media Encoders
SME 100
RGB, DVI & Video Over IP H.264 Streaming Media Encoder
The Extron SME 100 is a live streaming media
encoder that interfaces with DVI, RGB, HDTV,
and standard definition signals for delivering
media over IP networks. The SME 100 can
be used with the Extron SMD 101 H.264
decoder to provide complete end-to-end
streaming systems. It features an integrated
three-input switcher with audio, plus buffered
loop-throughs for simplified integration into AV
systems. The SME 100 employs standards-
based H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC and AAC
encoding, and outputs an IP stream that can Pull streaming transport protocols
easily be decoded and viewed on desktop or Push streaming transport protocols
laptop PCs. High performance Extron signal Session Announcement Protocol - SAP and
processing scales and optimizes video input Session Description Protocol - SDP
signals for the intended viewing application. H.264 compression profiles and level selection
Encoding controls also provide adjustments AAC audio encoding
for bit rate and quality. By extending AV Encoding quality controls including video
signals over networks, the SME 100 resolution, video bit rate, frame rate, constant or
significantly expands AV system capability. variable bit rate control, GOP length, and audio
FEATURES: bit rate
Streams DVI, RGB, HDTV, and video signals Encoding presets for quick recall of specific
with audio over IP networks compression settings
Use with the SMD 101 H.264 decoder to Streaming presets for quick recall of specific
provide complete end-to-end streaming system configurations
systems Auto Input Memory
Compatible with many third-party H.264 EDID Minder automatically manages EDID
devices including set-top box decoders communication between connected devices
Supports input signals up to 1920x1200, Glitch-free switching
including HDTV 1080p/60 The SME 100 EIA-608B closed captioning support
supports a wide range of input resolutions, from Power Save Mode
standard definition up to the high resolutions Audio switching
commonly used for computer-video and HDTV. Audio input gain and attenuation
Streams at selectable resolutions from 166x120 Audio breakaway
up to HDTV 720p/30 and 1080p/30
User-adjustable audio delay
Inputs: DVI-D with loop-through; universal
Picture controls for brightness, contrast, color,
15-pin HD input with loop-through for RGB, HD
tint, detail, as well as horizontal and vertical
component video, S-video, or composite video;
positioning, sizing, and zoom
BNCs with loop-throughs for component video,
S-video, or composite video Advanced deinterlacing
Outputs: Ethernet for streaming H.264 / MPEG- Aspect ratio control
4 AVC-encoded video Quad standard video decoding
Standards-based H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC video Internal test patterns for setup
compression Front panel security lockout
Integrated three-input AV switcher Ethernet monitoring and control
Buffered input loop-throughs for video and Embedded Web interface with live preview
audio window
DVI, RGB, HDTV, and standard definition video Network traffic prioritization
upscaling and downscaling RS-232 control port
Auto Input Format Detection Rack-mountable 1U, full rack width
Auto-Image setup metal enclosure
Push and pull streaming session management Internal universal power supply
www.extron.com 79
H.264 AV Streaming Media Encoders
Control
Extron H.264 encoders and processors can be quickly configured
from the front panel, through the USB port, using a Web browser
to access embedded HTML pages, or through Ethernet or serial
RS-232 ports. Video streams can be viewed live from the Extron
embedded HTML interface while making encoder adjustments.
The ability to interface and stream many different computer-video, HDTV, or video Presentation or
resolutions or signal formats with audio. Videoconference Overflow
Page 46
Streaming on converged networks where use of lower bandwidth is desired less than
10 Mbps or 1 Mbps where ultra-low bit rates are needed.
AV Presentation
Applications: Room Monitoring
AV System Monitoring: Monitor an AV system from a remote location by streaming the Page 48
video and audio output to any PC in the facility with network access.
Corporate or Enterprise Broadcast: Centralize media sources such as PCs, DVD Live Streaming Over the
players, cameras, or satellite receivers into one location, and stream them across an Internet for Local Governments
Page 50
enterprise network to individual rooms as needed. This can simplify AV system design,
integration, and programming.
Multiple User Access: Use with a media server to deliver streaming to different types of
decoding devices within an enterprise, or stream to Content Delivery Networks for broad
distribution to users across the Internet.
Streaming of School Announcements
and Central Media Assets
Page 54
SMD 202
H.264 Streaming Media Player and Decoder
The Extron SMD202 is a compact, high Selectable output resolutions from 640x480 to
performance media player and live stream 1920x1200 including 1080p/60
decoder used in H.264 streaming applications. Supports streaming resolutions from 480x320
It provides the flexibility to present a locally up to 1080p/60
connected AV signal, decode a live streaming Multi-language, interactive on-screen display for
source, or play back media files from internal setup and source selection
memory, removable SD card, local USB, or Control from front panel, IR remote, wired IR,
network storage. The SMD202 supports a RS-232, Ethernet, or embedded Web interface
wide range of media file container formats and On-screen presentation of streaming source
streaming protocols, making it adaptable for information
use with a variety of encoded media. Advanced Play back media files in a loop or as part of a
signal processing, scaling, and aspect ratio playlist
management supply high quality signals to Seamless media file transitions and looped
AV displays. An intuitive, interactive on-screen playback
menu makes setup and source selection using Elegant still frame transition effects
front panel buttons or the optional handheld Play, pause, stop, and seek transport control
IR remote control easy. Designed for pro AV Interactive On-Screen Display
applications, the SMD202 can be controlled Optional SMD202Remote IR remote control
using Ethernet, RS232, IR, or wired IR. HDCP-compliant HDMI input and output signal
FEATURES: support with Visual Confirmation
Plays back media files from internal memory, Selectable audio output format: HDMI-
removable SDcard, USBstorage, or network embedded stereo audio or analog stereo audio
shares Ethernet to RS-232 pass through control
Decodes live H.264 streams using a variety of Compatible with unicast and multicast push,
streaming protocols or unicast and multicast pull streaming
Local HDMI input with embedded stereo or applications
analog stereo audio
Audio
INPUTS-CH B
INPUTS-CH A
MOUSE / LOOPOUT
KEYBOARD 1 Program Briefing Instructor Briefing Student Feedback Course Review
L R 3G/HD/SDI LAN
1 DIGITAL I/O REMOTE 4
USB STORAGE RS-232 L R L AUDIO R L AUDIO R RESET
2
2
Reinforcement
R-Y VID
1 2 3 4 G Tx Rx G /Y HDMI HDMI
50-60 Hz
Ethernet
Audio System
Component HD Projector
HDMI HDMI Audio
POWER
12V SD
INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202
Extron
OUTPUT
USB L R L R RESET
SMD 202
HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
Wireless
HDMI Streaming Media
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
Microphone
Planning Preparation Training Evaluation
Player and
Proposal & Estimate Instructor Selection Evaluation Presentations
System USB
Program Briefing Instructor Briefing Student Feedback Course Review
www.extron.com 81
H.264 AV Streaming Media Decoders
SMD 101
RGB, DVI & Video Over IP H.264 Streaming Media Decoder
The SMD 101 is a compact, high performance FEATURES:
H.264 decoder used with Extron SME 100 Supports live IP video stream decoding
encoders to provide complete end-to-end AV Supports streaming resolutions from 480x320
streaming systems. The SMD 101 is used in up to 1080p/60
H.264 enterprise streaming applications to AV media file playback from network shares
decode live streams from SME 100 encoders Compatible with MP4 and MPEG-2 Transport
or play back network-accessible AV media Stream container formats
files available from network shares. It is Selectable audio output format: HDMI-
compatible with streaming resolutions and embedded stereo audio or analog stereo audio
refresh rates up to 1080p/60. The output Integrated scaler offers selectable output
resolution is selectable from 640x480 to resolutions from 640x480 to 1920x1200
1920x1200. The SMD 101 offers integration- Decode at native resolution
friendly control features such as IR remote, EDID defined scaling
wired IR, RS-232, or Ethernet and an easy-
Ethernet to RS-232 pass through control
to-navigate Web interface providing simple,
Fill/Follow/Fit Aspect Ratio Management
flexible control and management options.
This compact, energy-efficient decoder Control from IR remote, wired IR, RS-232,
Ethernet, or embedded Web interface
is an ideal counterpart to the SME 100
encoder in overflow, monitoring, multi- Compatible with the full range of SME 100
streaming transport protocols
channel streaming systems, high resolution
signage, and messaging applications. Compatible with unicast and multicast push, or
unicast pull streaming applications
Optional SMD 101 REMOTE IR remote control
The ability to manage and play back AV media files in playlists, and manage live stream Distributed Patient
decoding and media file playback as part of a channel list. Monitoring System
Page 52
Advanced AV signal processing, including high quality scaling, and aspect ratio
management, provides superior video decoding and presentation quality.
Support of diverse network topologies and conditions that require different streaming
transport protocols based on network quality of service, using unicast pull and unicast or
multicast push streaming. Streaming of School Announcements
and Central Media Assets
Applications: Page 54
High Definition Enterprise Streaming: Stream live video and audio or playback shared AV
media files from AV presentation systems or displays located throughout an enterprise.
High Resolution Signal Distribution: Distribute AV signals over a network when use of
dedicated cable is impractical.
Corporate Enterprise
Play back of Enterprise AV Media Assets: Play back network-accessible media files with H.264 Streaming
promotional or educational content. Page 56
High Resolution AV Signage Systems: Decode live streams or play back informational
media presentations on public area displays throughout a facility.
Audio
WiFi 1 2 3 4
Network
DVI
Shares
AV Media
PC 1920x1080p Files
Audio
RGBHV
PC 1680x1050
Audio
Component
DVD Player
FLAT PANEL
Network
Extron HDMI Audio Extron
100-240VAC
50/60 Hz INPUTS AUDIO Attached SMD 101 Remote
SMD 101
1 Y/ B-Y/ 2 1 2 3
Storage
R-Y
VID C
RS-232
LAN
Streaming Media POWER
Decoder
R
CHANNEL VOLUME
Tx Rx
0.5A MAX
DVI-D BUFFERED LOOP
POWER
Extron
OUTPUTS
12V
5 6 7 8
AUDIO RESET
1.0A MAX L R IR IN RS-232 9 0
A/V
INFO ENTER
MUTE
LAN
MUTE
Audio Audio
AUDIO
MUTE PROGRESS
Ethernet
Streaming Media Encoder
PLAY
LOOP STOP
Ethernet
LAN
RGBHV
Audio System
DVI
Projector
www.extron.com 83
H.264 AV Streaming Media Decoders
The SMD 101 embedded web page provides the means to create playlists and channel lists. This simplifies
selection of streaming sources from external control systems using Extron Simple Instruction Set - SIS
commands.
UNIQUE FEATURES:
Encoder-only model
Supports resolutions up to 1920x1200 and
2048x1080
User-definable analog video source capture
Accepts HDMI-embedded stereo audio and
analog stereo audio
EDID Minder automatically manages EDID
communication between connected devices
USB host connection for keyboard and mouse
data
www.extron.com 85
PURE3 High Resolution Video & Graphic Streaming
UNIQUE FEATURES:
Decoder-only model
Decode at native resolution or scale to display
Analog stereo audio or HDMI-embedded stereo
audio output
Genlock connection for synchronized decoding
USB keyboard and mouse interface
Videowall magnification scaling
Aspect ratio control
VNS 104
Multi-Stream Decoding Software for VN-Matrix 250, 225, or 200 Series
VNS 104 Multi-Stream Decoding Software FEATURES:
decodes one or four video streams and one Decodes and displays one or four VN Matrix
stereo audio stream from VN-Matrix 225 PURE3 video streams on a single display from
real-time encoders and VN-Matrix Recorder a Windows PC platform
playback channels. It operates on a Windows Decodes one audio source which is selectable
PC and is managed from a VN-Matrix from the four decoded VN Matrix streams
Enterprise Controller. The VNS 104 is used Managed and controlled from VN-Matrix
in monitoring, remote presentation viewing, Enterprise Controller
distance collaboration, and data visualization, in Monitor four VN-Matrix streams from one
a variety of environments including command display as a cost effective alternative to multiple
and control, after action review, training and hardware decoders and displays
simulation, medical and geological visualization. Scaling and aspect ratio control
Select display mode and switch streams from
an external control interface
www.extron.com 87
PURE3 High Resolution Video & Graphic Streaming
VNR 100
VN-Matrix Single Channel Recorder
The VNR 100 digitally records and plays back FEATURES:
high-definition computer graphics, video, audio, Simultaneously record and play back VN-Matrix
and data streamed in VN Matrix systems. It AV streams
can record and play back at the same time, Time-shift capabilities support time-slip or
increasing duty cycles for expensive source chase-play applications
equipment and presentation systems by Transport controls include: play, pause, and
utilizing both recording and playback features variable speed playback at 2x 4x 8x speeds
simultaneously. The time-slip feature, allows in forward or reverse as well as single frame
a live event to be recorded while a previous advance in forward or reverse
event is played back, and the chase-play System scalability create multi-channel
feature allows a recording in progress to be recording systems using multiple VNR 100 units
streamed with a time-shifted delay. VN-Matrix System synchronization synchronize playback
systems can be configured with multiple across multiple VNR 100 units
VNR 100 units to record and play back Replacement media drive and operating system
synchronized multi-source AV presentations or drive available
multi-screen display systems. The VNR 100 is Compatible with VN-Matrix 200, 225, 250 and
ideally suited for AV streaming and recording 300 Series and VN-Matrix Software Decoder
applications with the most demanding
quality and performance requirements.
VNM Recorder
VN-Matrix Multi-Channel Recorder
The VNM Recorder is a network appliance FEATURES:
used to digitally record and play back high- Records multiple VN-Matrix PURE3 encoded
definition computer graphics, video, audio, audio and video IP streams
and data streams encoded to the IP network Select up to five PURE3 streams to record and
via VN-Matrix codecs, encoders, and play back later as a group
decoders. The VNM Recorder is ideally suited Configure systems with multiple recorders for
for any VN-Matrix application requiring the applications that must record and play back
documentation, archive, review, and playback more than five streams
of highly-sophisticated or demanding imagery. Playback controls available to external control
systems include: search, locate, variable speed
Up to five PURE3 streams can be recorded playback - forward and reverse, single frame
or played back as a group per Recorder. advance
PURE3 streams recorded together will Export sequential JPEG or Targa frames for use
maintain tight synchronization on playback. in media players or video productions
Link multiple Recorder units together for
2 Terabyte RAID5 formatted storage with hot
applications requiring more than 5 streams. spare hard drive
Playback controls available to external control
systems offer the following capabilities:
search, locate, variable speed playback -
forward and reverse, single frame advance.
VNM EC 200
Enterprise Controller for VN-Matrix Systems
The VNM EC 200 is a compact, dedicated enterprise controller for VN-Matrix systems. It simplifies management of large VN-Matrix deployments,
efficiently configuring, managing, and dynamically controlling large VN-Matrix systems from a single user interface. VNMatrix devices can be selected
in groups, and common configuration properties can be applied to all devices. Firmware can be uploaded to all devices or any group of devices in
one action. Multiple VNM EC 200 controllers can be deployed in VN-Matrix systems, providing control over the entire system or independent clusters
of VNMatrix devices, or creating redundant systems for mission-critical applications.
Every VN-Matrix system includes a basic embedded Web browser interface for the configuration of encoders and decoders. This embedded interface
is useful in small systems limited to a few units or systems that will be left in a fixed operational state. The VNM EC 200 provides greater processing
capacity for efficient management, configuration, and dynamic control over large VN-Matrix systems. Its embedded web interface quickly organizes
and sorts all devices in a system based on properties such as: unit status or type, operating mode, source, controller, or firmware version. Multiple
VNM EC 200 controllers can be applied in VN-Matrix systems, providing control over the entire system or independent clusters of VN-Matrix devices.
The VNM EC 200 can also create streaming and recording system presets that can be recalled directly from an external control system. Each preset
captures all device settings and defines specific streaming connection and recording actions. Recall of various streaming and recording presets
greatly simplifies management and control of VN-Matrix systems.
Two VNM EC 200 units can be configured to operate together as a redundant system for mission-critical applications, with one configured as
a primary unit, and the other as a secondary unit. System data is continuously synchronized between the redundant pair. The secondary unit
continually monitors the primary units system health and seamlessly takes control in the event of a failure. Control is automatically returned to the
primary unit if required, maintaining transparent system communications and control.
FEATURES:
Manage, configure, and control all VN-Matrix units as a system
Create system presets for stream routing and recording configurations
Control VNS 104 Multi-Stream Decoding Software display configurations and streaming connections
High-level interface provides single point of control from external control systems
Manage multiple VN-Matrix systems in combined or independent domains
Provide redundant control for mission-critical applications
Removable Solid State Drive for reliability or temporary removal of sensitive system data
www.extron.com 89
Notes
PURE3 Codec
A codec that is capable of encoding and streaming both video and
computer graphic inputs and a wide variety of resolutions, preserving
equal quality for both signal formats. It preserves a balance between
three performance factors: low latency, low bandwidth, and high
image quality. The PURE3 Codec has been optimized for use on IP
networks which are acknowledged to be lossy. The codec includes
an error concealment system which is highly resistant to network
errors without using forward error correction.
Layer 7 Application
Applications
Layer 6 Presentation
e.g. RTP HTTP SMTP FTP
Layer 5 Session
Transport
Layer 4 Transport
TCP UDP
Internetwork
Layer 3 Network
IP
www.extron.com 91
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
2K
The Digital Cinema Initiatives consortium - DCI - established the
A
resolution 2048x1080 for use with digital projection systems and
monitors that were targeted to replace motion picture film systems. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
Advanced Audio Coding - AAC - is a standardized, lossy
compression and encoding scheme for digital audio commonly used
3G-SDI
in streaming applications. Designed to be the successor of the MP3
The new signal standard for serial digital, high definition video with
format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at
1920x1080 resolution and a 50Hz or 60Hz progressive frame rate.
similar bit rates. AAC has been standardized by ISO and IEC, as part
Up to 16 audio channels can be carried in the ancillary data. The 3G
of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 specifications. AAC is the default or
stands for 3 gigabits per second, which is 2 times the bit rate of a
standard audio format for YouTube, iPhone, iPod, iPad, Nintendo DSi,
1.485 Gbps HDSDI signal.
Nintendo 3DS, iTunes, DivX Plus Web Player and PlayStation 3.
4:1:1 color space
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)
Chroma, or color information, is sampled at one-fourth the horizontal
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line - ADSL - one of a number
resolution of the luminance, or black and white information.
of DSL technologies for communications over copper telephone
lines, and the most common one. ADSL is designed to deliver more
4:2:0 color space
bandwidth downstream (from the central office to the customer site)
Chroma, or color information, is sampled at half the vertical and
than upstream.
half the horizontal resolution of the luminance or black and white
information.
Analog
A continuous range of values to represent information. An infinite
4:2:2 color space
resolution of values can be established in an analog system.
Color information is sampled at half the horizontal resolution of the
luminance, black and white information. 4:2:2 color sampling is
Animations
popular in high-quality broadcast video systems.
Animations consist of motion image sequences produced
synthetically on video processing or computing systems.
4:4:4 color space
Color information is sampled at the same rate as the luminance,
Artifacts
black and white information. Video systems designed for capturing
Any error in the perception or representation of any visual or aural
real images typically quantize color information at one-fourth to one-
information introduced by the involved equipment. Image artifacts
half the detail of luminance information. This is acceptable for real
appear as deviations from the original in the delivered image in video
images, where sharp, on-off transitions between colors do not occur.
streaming systems.
Computer graphic pictures contain sharp, pixel transitions and require
maintenance of 4:4:4 color space; otherwise, information is lost.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - ATM - a standardized digital data
4K
transmission technology that is a cell-based switching technique
The Digital Cinema Initiatives consortium - DCI - established 4096
and uses asynchronous time division multiplexing. This is the
2160 (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio ~17:9) as the standard resolution
core protocol used over the SONET/SDH backbone of the ISDN
for 4K film projection. 4096x2160 is the native resolution for DCI-
(Integrated Services Digital Network).
compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors. The DCI 4K standard
has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of DCI 2K, producing
four times as many pixels overall. B
10Base-T B-Frame
An Ethernet standard for transmitting data packets at 10 Mbps over Bi-directionally predictive coded picture. Contains predictive,
twisted pair cable. 10Base-T is a shared media. When used with difference information from the preceding and following I- or P-frame
a hub, all network nodes must share the same 10 Mbps capacity. within a GOP. Data preceeding or following the B-frame are required
When used with a switch, each connection supports a 10 Mbps to recreate video information in a B-frame.
duplex capacity.
Bandwidth
100Base-T The capacity or available bandwidth in bit/s, which typically means the
An Ethernet standard for transmitting at 100 Mbps over twisted pair net bit rate, channel capacity, or the maximum throughput of a logical
wire. 100Base-T was also called Fast Ethernet when first deployed or physical communication path in a digital communication system.
in 1995. Officially the IEEE 802.3u standard, it is a 100 Mbps version
of 10Base-T. Like 10Base-T, 100Base-T is a shared media LAN when BER (Bit Error Rate)
used with a hub and 100 Mbps duplex when used with a switch. Bit Error Rate - BER -the rate at which bit errors are experienced
across a data connection.
1000Base-T / Gigabit Ethernet
An Ethernet standard that transmits at 1 Gbps over twisted pair wire.
Use of Gigabit Ethernet is becoming commonplace and will eventually
be used as frequently as 100Base-T connections.
92 Extron AV Streaming Design Guide
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
Bidirectional Chrominance
The ability to move, transfer, or transmit in both directions. The measurement of the color value or color difference value in a
pixel.
Bit Depth
The number of bits used to represent the luminance and chrominance Collision
of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. This Two devices on a network attempt to use the physical media at the
concept is also known as bits per pixel (bpp), particularly when same time. The data from the two devices collides.
specified along with the number of bits used. Higher color depth gives
a broader range of distinct colors. Color Depth
Describes the number of bits used to represent the color of a single
Bit Error pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. A common bit depth
Bit error indicates the number of bits of a data stream over a applied to computer graphic signals is 8-bits each for Red, Green,
communication channel that have been altered. A bit error can result and Blue. An 8 bit depth will produce 256 levels and 256 raised to the
in unusable data or the corruption of an image in video streaming third power results in a resolution of over 16 million colors.
solutions.
Color Quantization
Bit Rate Color quantization defines the resolution, or number of colors used
The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. in a system. This is important for displaying images that support a
The bit rate is quantified using the bits per second (bit/s or bps) unit, limited number of colors and for efficiently compressing certain kinds
often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo- (kbit/s or kbps), of images. For example, reducing the number of colors required to
mega- (Mbit/s or Mbps), or giga- (Gbit/s or Gbps). represent a digital image makes it possible to reduce its file size or
streaming bit rate.
Bridge
A device that connects two network segments together. These Color Space
network segments may be similar or dissimilar, such as Ethernet A technique for describing a color or a group of colors mathematically.
and Token Ring. A bridge is inserted in the network to keep traffic A way to define a grouping with the entire range of chromaticities,
contained within the segments to improve performance. often represented as a triangle within the CIE 1931 chromaticity
diagram. Different image systems may apply different color spaces.
Broadcast The color space applied to broadcast video standards is different than
The operation of sending network traffic from one network node to all the RGB color space used by computer systems.
other network nodes.
Communication Bandwidths
Buffer Below are listed commonly available bandwidths for network
A region of memory used to temporarily hold data while it is being switching equipment and connections made available for public and
delivered from one process to another. private networks.
Data Services
A telecommunications service that transmits high-speed data rather
E
than voice. Internet access is the most common data service, which
Encoder
may be provided by the telephone and cable companies as well as
A device, circuit, or algorithm that converts information from one
cellular carriers.
format to another. Video over IP encoders take analog or digital
video input signals and convert them to IP data streams which are
Decoder
transmitted over IP networks.
A device that converts encoded information to a desired interface.
The same method used to encode is usually reversed in order to
Error Concealment
decode. Video over IP decoders accept IP data streams and output
A method of concealing and hiding the impact of data lost during
an analog or digital video signal.
transmission. In video streaming systems, error concealment prevents
lost network packets from disrupting a video frame or sequence of
Digital
video frames.
A data technology that uses discrete (discontinuous) values.
Error Correction
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
A method of detecting errors and reconstructing the original
A Fourier-related transform that is used to convert an image from a
information using extra, redundant information sent along with the
spatial domain to a frequency domain. Video systems then process
original data.
the information in the frequency domain. Typically, more signal energy
is located in the lower frequencies than the higher frequencies. The
Error propagation
DCT is used in many video compression codecs including JPEG,
A single error experienced produces a knock on effect to sequential
MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.264.
information. In video streaming solutions, decoding products should
provide a method by which a single error encountered affects only
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
a small area of a picture and not affect an entire frame or sequential
A transform used to convert an image from a spatial domain to a
frames of video.
wavelet domain. Two filters are involved. The first a wavelet filter is
a high pass filter, and the second a scaling filter is a low pass filter.
Ethernet
The DWT provides more efficient image compression than the DCT
A Local Area Network (LAN) standard officially known as IEEE 802.3.
due to advantages from analyzing signals with sharp discontinuities or
Ethernet and other LAN technologies used for interconnecting
spikes.
computers, printers, workstations, terminals, servers, etc. within
the same building or campus. Ethernet operates over twisted pair
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
and over coaxial cable at speeds starting at 10 Mbps. For LAN
Digital Subscriber Line - DSL - a generic name for a family of digital
interconnectivity, Ethernet is a physical link and data link protocol
lines (also called xDSL) provided by telephone carriers to businesses
reflecting the two lowest layers of the OSI Reference Model.
and consumers.
Ethernet MAC Frames
Dual-link HDSDI
A digital data transmission unit or data packet that includes frame
A method applying two HDSDI signals 1920x1080 video at 50
synchronization information and a data payload. The synchronization
or 60Hz as progressive frames at 12 bit depth or with 4:4:4 color
data makes it possible for the receiver to detect the beginning and
quantization.
end of the packet in the stream of symbols or bits.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
Digital Visual Interface - DVI - the digital video connectivity standard F
that was developed by the DDWG Digital Display Working Group.
This connection standard offers two different connectors: one with 24 Firewall
pins that handles digital video signals only and one with 29 pins that A device that manages access of devices outside a network into a
handles both digital and analog video. This standard uses TMDS network, typically into a building or an enterprise. A firewall prevents
Transition Minimized Differential Signal from Silicon Image and DDC unauthorized access to a network. It is also used to check on data
Display Data Channel from VESA Video Electronics Standards delivered to and from a network to ensure the information is non-
Association. damaging.
www.extron.com 95
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
Hop Interlace
In a packet-switching network, a hop is the trip a data packet takes In TV, each video frame is divided into two fields with one field
from one router or intermediate point to another in the network. composed of odd numbered horizontal scan lines and the other
composed of even numbered horizontal scan lines. Each field is
Hop Count displayed on an alternating basis.
On the Internet (or a network that uses TCP/IP), the number of hops a
packet has taken toward its destination. Interleaved RTSP
Interleaved RTSP is a technique in which an RTP stream is
HTML5 transported within an RTSP session. As RTP streams rely on use
HTML5 is a markup language used to structure and present content of UDP packets, which are unreliable, Interleaved RTSP leverages
for the World Wide Web. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard. RTSPs greater reliability due to its use of TCP transport.
HTML offers greater support for multimedia, making it easier to
embed video, audio, and graphical content without the need for Inter-Frame Coding
proprietary plugins and APIs. It is the AV media player used in iOS A compression technique that spans multiple frames of video and
operating system devices such as iPads and iPhones. eliminates redundant information between frames.
www.extron.com 99
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
Packet Loss
O Occurs when one or more packets of data traveling across a
computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is
Optical Ethernet distinguished as one of the three main error types encountered in
An optical connection for delivering Ethernet packets. Ethernet signals digital communications; the other two are bit error and spurious
have been traditionally interfaced on twisted pair cable. Optical packets caused by noise. Packet loss is typically experienced in the
Ethernet connections are used to preserve quality delivering the same real world as a random burst of packet loss.
signal over a greater distance, and for security concerns.
PAL (Phase Alternate Line)
OSI Open System Interconnection Reference Model Phase Alternate Line - PAL - an analog television encoding system
OSI Reference Model is a definition for layered communications and used in broadcast television systems primarily in Europe, Asia, Africa,
computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the and Australia.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. The OSI model divides
the network architecture into seven layers, starting from the bottom
Pixel
up: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation,
Picture Element. The smallest unit or area of a video screen image
and Application Layers.
that can be turned on or off, or varied in intensity.
Out of Order Packet
Plug-in
In computer networking, the delivery of data packets in a different
A program of data that enhances, or adds to, the operation of a
order from which they were sent. Video decoders must account for
parent program. Software decoders often use a plug-in provided in
out of order packets which may be experienced.
media players.
Overbooking
Private Network
In the telecommunications industry, overbooking -- such as in the
A communication network owned by one or more firms for their
frame relay world -- means that a telephone company has sold
exclusive use.
access to too many customers which basically floods the telephone
companys lines, resulting in an inability for some customers to use
Pro-MPEG Forum
what they purchased.
An association of broadcasters, program makers, equipment
manufacturers, and component suppliers with interests in realizing the
Overhead
interoperability of professional television equipment, according to the
Any data which is transferred on a communication link which is in
implementation requirements of broadcasters and other end-users.
addition to the content or data that is delivered. In IP networks,
The Forum has been in existence for approximately eight years and
overhead includes: addressing, control, routing, redundant, error-
has over 130 members.
checking, and error concealment data.
Progressive
Overlay Network
A method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in
An overlay network is a computer network built upon
which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.
another network. Overlay networks were initially built upon
telecommunications networks and now are also built upon IP network
Public Network
services such as MPLS or encrypted and tunneled services over the
A network established and operated by a telecommunications
Internet. Overlay networks connect networks over great distances.
provider, for specific purpose of providing data transmission services
They provide a service upon which AV content can be distributed
for the public. The Internet is a public network.
broadly over the Internet.
Pull Streaming
P Pull streaming describes network communication where the initial
request for data or streaming session originates from the client, or
P-Frame decoder, and then is responded to by the server. The reverse is
Predictive coded picture. Contains predictive information required to known as push streaming, where the encoding device initiates, or
recreate a video frame. pushes, data to clients.
www.extron.com 101
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
www.extron.com 103
Streaming AV Over IP Glossary
V W
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) WAN (Wide Area Network)
Varies the amount of output data per time segment. VBR allows a Wide Area Network - WAN - a computer network that covers a
higher bit rate or storage space to be allocated to more complex broad area such as a link across a metropolitan, regional, or national
segments of video and a lower bit rate to be allocated to less boundary.
complex segments.
WUXGA (Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array)
VANC (Vertical Ancillary Data Space) Widescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array - WUXGA - a screen
Vertical Ancillary Data Space - VANC - the blanking interval within resolution of 1920x1200 pixels.
an SDI signal used to carry non-display data such as timecode and
closed captioning data.
X
Vertical Frequency
XGA (Extended Graphics Array)
See Refresh Rate.
Extended Graphics Array - XGA - a screen resolution of 1024x768
pixels.
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
Video Graphics Array - VGA - a widely used analog interface between
a computer and monitor that uses a 15-pin plug and socket. The Y
original VGA resolution was 640x480 pixels.
YUV
Video A component color system that organizes the black and white
A format for transmitting and storing moving pictures. Video is luminance information separately from the color or chrominance
transmitted and stored in various analog and digital physical formats. information. YPbPr and YCbCr are also component color systems.
YPbPr is the analog version of the YCbCr color space; the two are
Visually Lossless Compression numerically equivalent.
Allows the reproduced image to appear to human vision to be
identical to the original image.
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