MONTHLY REPORT OF FEEDING VOLUME FOR ROCKHOPPER 1

PENGUIN [OCTOBER 2016]

Descriptions

1. Actual feeding volume for both penguins in October 2016 was 771.56 kg
(79.13%) out of 975.08 kg which consists of
o Mackerel as much as 410.78 kg (53.24%)
o Scad as much as 300.66 kg (38.97%)
o Squid as much as 55.52 kg (7.20%)
o Mussel as much as 4.60 (0.60%)

2. Total by block used for both penguins in October 2016 was 975.08 kg
which consists of
o Mackerel as much as 540.00 kg (55.38%)
o Scad as much as 369.00kg (37.84%)
o Squid as much as 61.48 kg (6.31%)
o Mussel as much as 4.60 kg (0.47%)

3. Total feed transferred to quarantine this month was 71.55 kg out of 975.08
kg (7.34%) which includes
o Mackerel as much as 41.05 kg (57.37%)
o Scad as much as 27.60 kg (38.57%)
o Squid much as 2.90 kg (4.05%)

4. Total feed spoiled for this month was as much as 48.10 kg out of 975.08 kg
(4.93%) which consist of
o Mackerel as much as 22.90 kg (47.61%)
o Scad as much as 24.52 kg (50.98%)
o Squid much as 0.68 kg (1.14%)

5. Error occur for this batch was 83.87 kg out of 975.08 kg (-8.60%)

6. Method of feeding used in this month was hand, pool and pen feeding.

7. Total feed used for feeding Rockhopper penguin in October 2016 was
226.32 kg out of 975.08 kg (23.21%) which consists of

o Mackerel as much as 125.56 kg (55.48%)

o Scad as much as 40.64 kg (17.96%)
o Squid as much as 55.52 kg (24.53%)
o Mussels as much as 4.60 kg (2.03%)

8. Average daily feed intake was 7.30 kg.

9. Average daily feed consumed in the morning was 3.90 kg
10.Average daily feed consumed in the afternoon was 3.40 kg
11.On average, each bird consumed about 0.30 kg/day (n = 24)
12.This month, average daily intake (ADI) was 10.38% of body weight.
13.

*Recommended ADI was in between 10% and 15%.

*Average of Rockhopper Penguins body weight in month of October 2016 is
2.89 kg
MONTHLY REPORT OF FEEDING VOLUME FOR ROCKHOPPER 2
PENGUIN [OCTOBER 2016]

Feeding Volume for October2016

Error; 9%
Quarantine; 7%
Damage; 5%

African; 56%
Rockhopper; 23%

Figure 1: Total feeding volume used for both penguins (African penguin and
Rockhopper penguin) in October 2016

Feeding Volume for Rockhopper Penguin in

October2016
9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00
Feeding Voume, kg 4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

Date

Figure 2 : Rockhopper penguins daily feeding volume in October 2016.

MONTHLY REPORT OF FEEDING VOLUME FOR ROCKHOPPER 3
PENGUIN [OCTOBER 2016]

* As shown in Figure 2 above, feeding pattern of Rockhopper penguin among birds

for October 2016 was not stable throughout the month. Highest feed intake
was on 24th October 2016 and the lowest was on 17th September 2016. Birds
eat less fish on 4th October as the pen feeding started as preparation for monthly
bodyweight check up. Lowest feed on 17th September is due to morning activity
where keepers clean and disinfect nest with wooden stick and this scares most of
the birds. For some reason, bird appetite didnt increase much even breeding and
nesting season already ended.

Monthly Feed Intake (2016)

400

350

300

250
2014
200 2015
Feeding Volume, kg
2016
150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Figure 3: Comparison of rockhopper penguins monthly total feed intake (2014 to

October 2016).

* In the figure 3 above, feeding volume for October 2016 (225.90 kg) was higher
than September 2016 feeding volume (197.99 kg). When being compared to
October month of other years, October 2016 was the lowest and the margin with
October 2015 is 42.17 kg. The feed intake start increased in April 2016 because
Rockhopper Penguins prepared for breeding seasons. Penguin fast prolonged
periods during breeding seasons; they do not leave nesting to feed. Most of them
take more fish for preparation before breeding seasons. From this month onwards
the feed intake should increase as penguin will prepare for moulting season.
October 2016 resembles pattern recorded of two years before, with a more
MONTHLY REPORT OF FEEDING VOLUME FOR ROCKHOPPER 4
PENGUIN [OCTOBER 2016]
decrease towards the first quarter of the year. As can be seen on the figure, 2014
and 2015 feeding volume decreased in July and September. Starting from May
2015, the feed intake among birds starts to increase until June 2015. However, the
feed intake was slowly dropped from July to October 2015. In September 2015,
low feed consumed because they were in breeding season. However the feed
intake in November 2014 starts to increase back because of the birds are
preparing to moult.
 Comparison of average feed intake per bird (2012-September 2016)
25

20

15

Average feed intake per bird, kg

10

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Figure 4: Comparison of Rockhopper penguins average monthly feeding used per bird for year 2012 to October 2016
*Average monthly feed intake per bird = Total monthly feed intake/
number of bird

Average monthly feed intake per bird for October 2016 =226.32 kg/24 birds
=9.43 kg/bird

* Generally the monthly feeding pattern of bird for 2012 to October 2016 is
almost similar. The highest feed intake per bird was recorded in May 2012
and the lowest was in February 2013. The feed intake in 2012 was higher if
compared to other respective years (2012 to 2016). From that graph, high feed
intake per bird was mostly recorded at the end or early of the years (December or
May) and low in February to May. However, the feed intake increased back in May
to June every year. The decreasing pattern of feed intake per bird recorded from
July to September 2014 was the same like recorded in 2012. Roughly, the average
monthly feed intake was increased from September or October to December.
However for October 2014, the feeding pattern was not increased or does not
differ much from September (2014) but increased in November 2014. All five
years recorded the same pattern from May to February. October 2016 recorded as
the lowest compared to October from the years before. As for the first quarter,
the pattern is almost the same for all five years.

Table 1: Average daily feed intakes per birds from 2013-October 2016
with corresponding number of birds (n =24 (current))

Year 2013 2014 2015 2016

n= n= n= n=
Month Average/bird X Average/bird X Average/bird X Average/bird X
Jan 0.47 23 0.47 25 0.50 24 0.43 24
Feb 0.27 23 0.40 25 0.43 24 0.32 24
Mar 0.35 23 0.45 25 0.32 24 0.27 24
Apr 0.43 23 0.49 24 0.40 24 0.32 24
May 0.44 23 0.42 24 0.43 24 0.40 24
Jun 0.41 23 0.47 24 0.50 23 0.44 24
Jul 0.40 23 0.40 24 0.43 23 0.41 24
Aug 0.41 23 0.35 24 0.37 23 0.28 24
Sep 0.35 23 0.32 24 0.33 23 0.27 24
Oct 0.41 24 0.31 24 0.38 23 0.30 24
Nov 0.40 24 0.42 24 0.35 23
Dec 0.42 25 0.37 24 0.46 24

Table 1 shows the average daily feed intake for each bird from 2013 - October
2016. Lower average daily feed intake recorded for this month compared to
previous year record (September 2015). The feed intake pattern between years
not clearly seen but the range of individual feed intake was 0.27 to 0.50kg per
day. For 2016, the feed intake decrease gradually for the first quarter of the year
and the increase gradually for the second quarter of the year. The feeding pattern
for 2016 is different compare to the other years where for 2013-2014 but almost
the same with 2015 pattern.

Among the years, 2015 recorded the highest feed intake than others (Jan and
June, 0.50kg per birds) and this is also the same for 2013 that record its peak
daily feed intake at Jan (0.47kg per birds). 2014 have only one month with peak
daily feed intake which is Apr (0.49kg per birds). There are several factors that
affecting their feed intake such as preparing for nesting, molting and some of
them have low appetite and not showing interest to approach keeper during
feeding time. Besides that, other factors like used vacuum to clean pool drainage,
used water jet for cleaning can stress out birds and affect their appetite. Feeding
behavior and food intake also can be influence by type and food availability. In
addition, pen training being introduced so less fish being given to Rockhopper
penguin. As for Average Daily Intake (ADI) for this current month (10.38%) was
higher than previous month (September; 8.77%). The ADI for October 2016
was within the recommended range which is 10-15%. Hence, for the next
month we should ensure the feeding intake will be increased.
COMMENT:

Prepared by:

Date: 9th November 2016 Date:

(Muhammad Effenddy bin Abdul Malek) (Norfatihah binti Roslan)
Assistant Animal Keeper Assistant Animal Keeper

Checked by:

Date:
(Pn. Azizah binti Mustaffa)
Assistant Curator (Curatorial)

Verified by:

Date:
(Dr. Ong Chee Hong)
Veterinarian

Confirmed by:
.
Date:
(Ms. Ariati Sari binti Ibrahim)
Aquarium Manager