118

1.

Activation of adaptive immunity is required for initiation of innate immune

reactions

119

1.

IgG antibodies predominate in typical secondary humoral responses

120

1.

"The antigen combining site of an antibody will typically be made up of VL, VH,
and carbohydrate "

121

1.

The innate immune response is activated by pattern recognition of PAMPs

expressed on invading pathogens.


122

1.

The apative immune system mainly consists of T and B lymphocytes and works
by clonal selection.

123

1.

C5a is a complement component which is strongly chemotactic for neutrophils.

124

1.

NK cells kill the target cells in an extracellular fashion.

125

1.
 NK cells kill target cells by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion.

126

1.

Lymphocytes in the lamina propria secrete large amounts of IgA.

127

1.

The major cell type in the paracortical area of a lymph node is T lymphocyte.

128

1.

"M cells are specialized cells located in the follicle-associated epithelium of the
Peyer's patch which selectively take up Ag, and transport Ag to intraepithelial
macrophages and lymphocytes. "

1
 129

1.

Maturation of T cells in the thymus requires the presence of foreign antigen.

130

1.

CD3 is a major marker retained on all peripheral T cells.

131

1.

The B cell development in bone marrow does not require foreign antigen.

132

1.

B-lymphocytes can act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

133

1.

Mature B cells expresses IgM and IgD.

134

1.

Pro-B cells does not express CD79a/CD79b.

135

1.

B-2 cells are the major B-cell type in the peritoneum.

136

1.

The majority antibodies that B-1 cells produce are IgM.



137

1.

Cytokines can not be produced by non-immune cells.

138

1.

Some type I cytokine receptors share a common subunit.

139

1.

Cytokines can only bind to neighbor cell receptor or self receptor.

140

1.
 One type of cytokines can only be produced by one type of cells.

141

1.

CD3 is the important signaling molecule for B cell activation.

142

1.

CD19 is one of the components of B cell co-receptor.

143

1.

Memory B cells are long-lived low-proliferating cells.

144
 1.

CD28 is the second signaling molecule for B cell activation.

145

1.

CD32 could enhance the signaling by the BCR complex.

146

1.

CD21 could enhance B cell activation signal significantly.

147

1.

Somatic hypermutation refer to point mutations of CH or CL gene.

1
 148

1.

Somatic hypermutation has no influence on specificity and affinity of BCR.

149

1.

Plasma cells express BCR and MHC- molecule.

150

1.

"Compared with primary immune responses, secondary immune responses need

lower concentrations of Ag stimulation."

151

1.

T lymphocytes can recognize antigen in solution.

152

1.

B lymphocytes belong to professional antigen-presenting cells

153

1.

MHC molecules are expressed on T lymphocytes.

154

1.

Endothelial cells are non-professional antigen-presenting cells.

155

1.

Macrophages are most potent antigen-presenting cells



156

1.

Langerhans cells are dendritic cell located in skin

157

1.

MHC-I molecule present endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells

158

1.

MHC-II molecule present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells

159

1.
 The activation of CD4 T cells could cause death of target cells.

160

1.

The activation of CD8 T cells could cause upregulation of immune responses.

161

1.

Immune system responds in distinct way to different antigen.

162

1.

Immunoregulation is antigen specific.

163
 1.

Lack of co-stimulation can lead to the passive death of activated T cell.

164

1.

CTLA4 engagement inhibits activated T cells by competing for B7 (CD80/CD86).

165

1.

Neuroendocrine system is not involved in the immunoregulation.

166

1.

IFN- secreted by Th1 cells promotes further Th2 differentiation and inhibits the
proliferation of Th1 cells.

1
 167

1.

Certain antigens given subcutaneously or intramuscularly may be more

immunogenic than when given intravenously or intraperitoneally.

168

1.

Large doses are needed for tolerance in adults compared neonates.

169

1.

Tolerance is easier to achieve before birth or in early neonatal life.

170

1.

Elimination of antigen leads to spontaneously termination of immunotolerance.

171

1.

FK506 inhibits IL-12 production.

172

1.

HLA-G involves in the fetal transplantation

173

1.

Transplants from parents to siblings have a 50% match of HLA alleles

174

1.

Sibling to sibling grafts have a 50% chance of having identical HLA alleles.


175

1.

Cornea transplants can usually be accepted.

176

1.

Type-III hypersensitivity is also called delayed-type hypersensitivity.

177

1.

Serum sickness is a kind of type-II hypersensitivity.

178

1.
 The effector phase of allergic reaction includes acute phase and late phase
reaction.

179

1.

The clinical signs of localized allergic reactions depends on portal of entry.

180

1.

Type-II hypersensitivity reaction is often the combined activities of complement

and antibodies.

181

1.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a kind of type- III hypersensitivity.

1
 182

1.

Incompatible blood transfusion would lead to the occurrence of type-IV

hypersensitivity.

183

1.

The mechanism of Graves disease is type- III hypersensitivity.

184

1.

Type-III hypersensitivity can cause both localized and systemic reactions.

185

1.

Intracellular pathogens and contact antigens could cause delayed-type

hypersensitivity.


186

1.

No auto-antibody is present in healthy people.

187

1.

Women have a greater risk in development of all autoimmune diseases than men.

188

1.

Autoimmune diseases are often associated with pathogen infection

189

1.
 Auto-antigens are often high-conserved proteins.

190

1.

Deficiency in complement components might lead to auto-immune diseases.

191

1.

Antigens sequestered in hidden locations might become auto-antigens

192

1.

The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are associated with all type

hypersenstivities.

193
 1.

Infant might suffer from Grave's disease due to the auto-antibody against TSHR
derived from mother.

194

1.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an organ specific autoimmune diseases

195

1.

Some autoimmune diseases are closely associated with MHC genotype.