Chapter 10

10-1
Pipenearlyconstanttemperature Tn =82oC L = 30oC = 0.g
-3o)t'o
h --|s2(12 = 7.27L
\0 .0 5 6 4) mz .oC
qconv= Q.27)n(0.0564X15X82-30) = 1005W
erad=(5.669x t0-8)z(0.0564X15X0.8X3554 - 3034)= 898w
4tot=1903= (0.6)(4175)LTw LTn- 0.76"C
-
7,u(exit)= 82 0.76 =8l.2oC

tG.2
q = mrcrLTn = (2)(4180X90
- 60)= 2.508x 105W
^4 40- 50
Lr^=;eI=44.81oC q=UALTn

u=150u1{ =27e.8y
(20)(4.81) m'.oc
By NTU method
e=9=0.5 -$"= 39=g.75
g0 c'no 40
=
Cma* Cn -(2)(4180)=3369 Cmin= Cr=(0.75X8360)=6270
FromFig. 1Gl3 NTTJ=O.g= lA
Crin
=282 y
u =(o.e)!9270)
20 m''oc
10-3
InsideTube
T=473K d=0.025 u^=6m/sec F=2.58x10-5
2.O7
= 1 . 5xl}s
'g = *(287)(473)
25 k=0.0385 cp=1030 Pr=0.681

/i't= (l.52rz(0.0125)'(6)- 4.4glx t0*3 kglsec

(1.525X6X0.q2s)
Re_ = 8866
2.58x l0-)
7a=#(8s66)0's(0.681)0.3
'-' =45.4J-
0.025 -2.oc
Conductionresistance
negligible.

l9e
 Chapterl0

. OutsideTube
',
,f =ry= I l0oc= 383K vf =25.15x
l0{ kf =0.0324
kr =0.69 =A.0266
do=0.025+0.0016 p"= (12X0'026?--12,691
x 10-
25.15
: c = 0,193 n = 0.618 fromChap.6
(
h = : 0'o3?:l^9 0
:re3) 2,.6s 8(0.6e)I/3='
r)0'61
;91)''"'"(0.69;"'= 7t .36 +:
0.0266 m, .oc
lBaseUon\

"( J i = =2 t.4t* 4=n( 0.o25x3) =0.236m2

- u
45.4 ' (0.0266X71.36) 'r

Cmin=(4.4glxtO-3XtO30)=4.626
- $io= g
C**
: NT(J_Q8.41)(0.236) =t.45 e = 0.78
4.626
L4 =(0.7SX200- 20)= l4O.4"C 4xit = 2OA- ]1;0.4=59.6oC
, If reduceair flow in half, NT(I = (2)0.45) =2.90 e = 0.95
L4 =(0.95X200 -20) =171 =200
Texit -l7l =29oC

. 10-5
, Water in tube
, utn=4 mls TO=90oC d=2.5cm p=965 p=3.15x10a
: k =0.676 Pr = 1.98
(99sx4xojg2t x
r Rea= 3 .1 5x l 0 - = 3.06 los
4' =ff10.023x3.06
0.025
= 2o000 I, _
x l0s)0.8(r.9s;0.+
.oC m'
j Oil acrosstube
: T=20"C u =7 m/s Tf =40"C d= 0.0266m p= 876

i v = 0 . 0 0 0 2m
4zfs k=2870 k=0.r44 R e 4= =776
W^
;C=0.093 n=0.466 Nu=CRe'tPrl/3
' 0&p.og3)(776\0.466(zr7o)u3
_ _ ( z 6 t u ) _=
. _l t o /
=1t67 y
, flo=
O.OZOO #_."C

= .ln(#) = 2.74xloa
i R-conduction
2n(36)
- I -l6.36xlo-41
R-inside=-l
44 (20,000)zr(0.025)

78,
 Chapter 10

=
R-outside
: + =0.0103
hoAo (l I 67)n(o.oz66)

UAI =
=89'2 - - - -A; - - = 7 c ( 0 . A 2 6 6 ) = 0 . 0 8 3 6
- l"*,h ** m lengm
(Jn= 89'2 -1067-y-
-u r'v'
0-0836 ^ 2 -o c

,10-6
i Waterat 90"C:p =965 F =3.16x lOa k = 0.676 pr = L96
(995X4X0.025)
Re_ = 3.05x 105
3 . 1 6x l 0 {
4 =ffi(0.023x3.05 =18,590
x ros;o.s1t.9o)0.3
,ft
y=0.0009
Engineoilat20oC: k=0.145 pr=10,400
DH =0.0375 -0.0266= 0.0109m p" = (2(ffi192 = 84.78

RePr= (84.78X10,400) = 8.82x 105 ftois smallercomparedto [. so

approximatelyho canbe obtainedfrom const.Temp.eq.
(8.82x 105Y0-ot
oqt
Repr4 - at90'C vw=0.289x104
t ff=1602.3
h"= s
-:':!:=(r.86xl602.rrtr{ y
" 0.0 1 0 9 )o'to= '468.6
(0.2S9l
--'-
m Z.oc
on4 : (/;=#
Based =485.6
;ft

?8u
 Chapter10

10-7

d o = l ' 3 1 5i n ' dt = 0'957 in' k-43 y 'oc

!
,n2
rnl'a)
For I m length: \1/-l.l'r6xlo-3
'i

I
2nkL
I
I
= 0.05294
hoAo (l 80)zr(l.315X0.0254)
. l- I
i = =0.20146
hiAi 65)n(0.957X0.0254)
!_
UA=
!'/'r
I
- 3.9127
0.0 5zg4+ 0.20146+ I .176x l0-3
, J.9127 F. A ' W
ff
'
n(0.957X0.0254) m" .oC
10-8
l ( 2 0 0 - 8 s ) - ( e 3 - 3 5-)
L T *-- 83.30C
l(a)
i
j
t'
\ '"(H)
: ,r\93

2w-93
p - 0.303 R- =2.14 F - 0.gz
85-35
q - (2.5X4175)(85
- 35)= (180)A(0.92X83.3)
= 521.8 kW
:t
A=37.8m2
i
|(b) mscs(200 - 35)
- 93)= (2.5)(4175X85 mscs-4877-C-in
Cmin- 4877
=A.467
2oo-93=0.648 AU =1.4
t-
c** 10,437 200- 35 C*i'
A _ Q.4-)(4877)
= 37.9 m2
180

7as
Chapter10

10-11
mw- 230 kg/hr 4n= 35oC A- I-4*2 7bint"t = l20oc

co=2100 :--l-
kg'oc
T*(exit max) - 99"C To(exitmin) - 60oC u -280 y o C
mt.
t20

min

emax=ffiwc*LT*= 3::@lg0x9 g -35) - 1r,090w

3600'
230
t-, =-(4180) =267
360U
LT (max,oil) - 120 60 = 60 LT (rnax,water)= 99 -35 = 64
(289)g'4) --1.47
minimumfluid, sothat NT(J= +-
Wateris potentially
Crnin 267
& =0.753
e=
t20-35
Forcounterflow,
double-pipe *i6 -9nnin
thiscanbeaccomplished = 6.2
vmax
C
Co= 1335= hoco= mo(21A0)
#,=
mo=0.636kg/s= 2290kglhr
To,e^it=l2O =107.ZoCwhichis'greaterthan
the allowedvalueof 60'C
#

te+
L0-12
: l.s3 Iv[\M
q : (2s00X2202)(1000)/3600
: 84.9"C
AT* -(90-80)/1n(90/80)

l(s4.s)(47)' J83m2
A - (1.s3xlo6)

l0-13
- 153000
cair: 1.53xtO6l(40-30)
-
New Coi,-(0.6X153000)91800
-
c*#cmax- 0; NTU - (47x383y91800 0-196

196)- 0.178
s : 1 - exp(-O.
: r -49N{\M
q : (0.178X12a40X91800)

ratefor 4tr/odropin
only 2.6vo dropin condensation
air flow rate.

10-14 = 1009
U -280 ma= 0'45 kg/sec ca
A - 4 . 64^ 2
cw = 4175 q_(m),(gl_20)=(0.45)0009X260_7,)
By iteration:T, = 45 '4oC
q =(280)(4-64)

- 45'4)
009X260
(0.45)(1 = 0.32 kg/sec
ffiw= - 2A)
(417sxe3

3Ef
 : ChapFr 1O

lt)-ls
a
q/ =(5X4180)=20,900 Co=(8)(2100)=16,800
ZT=0.8038
vmax

uA - - =(120)0^\
iY=- o-714
, Cmin 16,800
LTo
FromFig. 10-13 f =0.41 -
A7..* u*
AT^=(0.41X100-50)= 2O.5"C ?" (exit)=100-2O.5=79-5"C
20.5)= 3.44xt05 W
4 = C^LT.=(15,800X
l0-16-
- T")=1ffi,740W
- 35)= (0.95X2100X175
q = (O.7')(4175X90
85-59'4=71'44 1# =5.294
h" =94.4oc
jco LT*=ffi o=a*r(.1.u)-J'-' ' m2
L
i
,
Oil is min fluid: e =,1 7 5 -9 4 .4=0.575
nS_35

94.4
-3s
.t:

10-18
Glycol =205,6s0
cp=2742 q-1# et4zx140-s0) w
u -8s0 y
i:

s=tix*(4175x85-35) ** = 0.985kg/sec
mt.oc
(4s00)(2742) C-in =
Cw - 4ll2
rl

Cs = -3428 0.834
3600 C**
r40- 80
- 'Y vv
=0.571 ( u')o=r.3 A- 5.24m z
E-
140- 35 I C'in I
ir t t tiF

i9u
, Chapter | 0
i

l0-19

lA =2.e
Cmin
9""=0.417 s=o.82
C-"*

- 35)= 86.loc
LT,=(0.82X140 q= tm.r{!1?9)=l+z,szs
w
reduction
of 28.2vo
inq. LT,=ffi= 35.9t Tw,=1o.gc

10-20
= Cs=4877 Cma*
Cmin = C*=(10,437X0.7)=7306 9=t.+
Cmin

=!977-
=0.667 LT,
@ t6'l e =0.62=
e=o'62 LTr= 102'3oc
c^ * 7306 200-3s
= =
q (4877)(102.3) 498.9kW 4.5Voreduction
10-21
LT^ = 83.3oC

(a) P=0.303 R=2.14 F=0.86

521.8x103= 080)A(0.86X83.3) A= 40.5m2

( b ) @=0 .4 6 7 uA =1.55
e =0.648
C** Cmin

A _ Q.5)(4877)= 40.6m2
180
r0-22
-9 - 1.5 = 0.934 e = 0.53 LT,= 87.45
Ctin
+"
C,n*
521'8- 426'5=l8.3Lo
q = (4877')(87.45)=
426.5kW vo reduction-
521.8

It'1
 Chapter10
..
:
l0-23

(230)(2100)- 1,3 4 . 1 7
TTioCo=-:r ffiwcw=W =266."1
, "v 3600
i :z\
266.7
LTo - (93 -3fi(
-,\ + l= t 15.3 - 7 5 - l 1 5. 3 - s g J " C
Toour1
17)
134.17
-
A 'T' = 82 24.7 = 47.7
LT* 7.75"C q-(266.7X93-35)-15,469W
, f - r . , t

i 15,469
0
F x .I A- +:0.568 m2 not largeenough
i (570X47.75
5)
i q
'-
E^-2 A- (370X47.75
,,::tf'
.75)
= Q.876^2 0.g4 *2 is largeenough

t
10-24
,
p = 83 kN/*t - 12psi
psia 4u, = 204oF= 95.6oC
i

ihfr = 976 Btu/lbm ==2.

2 . 2 7 x 1 0V
6ke q - ( 2 . 2 7 x 1 0)6W ) = 28,753
l
\60 )
q
|M*=ffi=5e 59oC A- -
uLTm (3400Xs9)
28'753
=Q. 143^2

95.6

tf37

7tI"
 10-2s
28,753 = (3400X0.t43)LTm LT^ = 59oC
(95'6-30)-(95.6- rA
LT*- = 59 By iteration To, = 42.6oC

28,753- q = hr(417 5)(42.6-30) tirw - 0. 5466 kg/sec

**= = Q.1465kg/sec

=
Voincrease =Z73Vo
0.I 465
l0-26

o\r,

\zo
Lrm=ffi=42,6oc
q - UALT* A- ..t?"9=- - 4.ll m2
(340X42.06)
l0-27

e0_20
LT^ =:-'=;r = 46.54"C
tn(26/
q - ffi w cw \T=(2
; .5 X4180X100- 30)
=7.315x105W

A- ==l-= t''1f,1
lo:.=J.86m2
uLTm (2000)(46.54)

l0-29

q : (120-95x
I 900)(3 : 0.488Mw
700y3600
- 16300; :4gg
Cwate,:4880A0.30 Coil 000/25- lg120
c'"#cmax: 25/30- 0.833; e - 30/Oza-20):
0.3
F i g .l 0 -1 5 :N T U :0 .4 5

A - (0.45)(16300y5s
- 133
m,

Ite
 t0-29

= l0"Ci C*.. :(3X16300) :

AT'nlarer
4g900
Coir: Cmin:19520; Crnir,/Cnrr:0.4

NTU: (55X133y1
9520: 0.375
Fig. l0-15: e a,0.3

q : (0.3)(l2o.40)(tss}o0: 0.468
MW
Heattransferhasonlydroppedby 4.r
percentsono adjustments
maybencessary
r00
=
0.000),
u 2000
u -r43 y
m2.oc
Cw= C,',in= (2.5X4180)= | 0,450 NTU= YA - (141)(7:96)
=e.rc76
C*in 10,450
-0. rc20=;fu
g=l-e4.t076 LT* =).l8oc
T* ,*r, = 30+ 9.18= 39.18oC
l0-31
c-1.0 Cmin=C,,,* =(0.5X1006)=503 n=0.903
N-#-l.rs f, - 0.50 LT = (0.50X400- 20)- l90oc
Trr = 190+ 2A= 210oC Tnr= 400- 190= Zl1oC
10-32

,\48
\->

\,0

cc=loo5 o"= =r.247

kel^3
ffi
tite= (1500)0.247)=1871
kg/min= 31.19kg/sec
Both fluids unmixed
Lr*=ffi=40.45oc
^=ffi=r.r8
"=#i3=0.385
F = 0.96 q = mocoLTo
= el.l9)0005x37 -10) = g.46x t05 W

A=J-= '=.,Y9I19.t=435.7
,, m2
UFLTL (50)(0.96X40.4s)

79.o
Chapter10

10-33

*\ 4s
\>>
\,0
Both fluids unmixed
-20
A'--, 30-25
LT*=*7of :27.42"C^4
R-
75-45 :1.2 p - 45 = 0.455
\zJ I
45- 20 75-20
q _ 35,000
P = 0 .9 1 _4_ =28.05^2
UFLTm (50x0.9t)(27
.42)
l0-34

co = l92O cw = 4180 t1 _(95)(1920)_"

co:ff=3040 (min)
(ssx4l80)
=Jg3z c m i n= a J 9 3 (2s0)(r4)
-
cr= NTU = 1.151
60 Ct* 3040
LTo
f -0.5 - .. LTo = 45oC Tor-120-45=75"C
t20 - 30
q - CoLTo= (3040X45) - 1.368x lOs W
_(3040) ,
LT*r r = 451- l= 35.7oC Tr, = 30+35.7- 65.7"C
\ 38321

Cw= (5X4180)= 20,900 Co= 4800

- -
q 20,900(60 Trr) = (4800)ho(30- I 0)
- T*r) = (lALTm=(800X30)30--Ti' +10
20,900(60
h(#m)
- 31)
(20,900x60
Solve by iterationI T*, - 3l oC %
f I O n
= 6.31kg/sec
JT
(4800x20)

lqt
 Chapter10

10-36

tf86's

u -lsO y
LTo
A-30 mz t- = 0.85
mt.oc 100- l0
90- 13.5:4A.32"C
LTo = 76.5oC To,='76.5+ l0 = 86.5oC LT^ =
'"(#)
q - U AL T *= (l 5 0 X 3 0 X 4 0 .3=2)
l .81xlOsW
l0-37

N-(2Xl .59)=J.18 n-0.775 t'0.693 Tr, - 283..3oC

Tn,- f 36.7oC LT = (0.693)(400-20)=263.3
N - lrt.59=
) a.795 n-1 .052 f,-0.416 LT-1SS.Z
2'
-
Tr, 178.2oC Tt, = 241.8oC
10-38
65,.
.-.,--(1006)-
cn
u 1090w'c q - (1090x45- 30)- I 6,350W
60'
U =52 A- 8.0 T*r= 90oC Assumeair min.fluid

t-45-30 =a.25 N_(52X8)_0.382

90-30 1090
Unableto matchon graphso C- is min. Iterative:r - C w l--

ca

LT* LTo = CLT* LTo - 15

0.6 0.636 1 . 1 0 4 0.405 24.3 14.6 4.42

0.48 0.795 1.052 0.48 28.8 13.82 - 1. r 7
0.50 0.764 0.4664 27.98 13.99 -1.008
0.7 0.546 t.t43 0.3574 21.44 15.01 +0.01
T*, = 90 - 21.44 = 68.6oC

79a
Chapter10

ro-ig
=(5X4180)=20,900 n=4
Cmin e=ffi=0'5
f,tP t 05 =0.20 C=1.0
,- -, -P- =
"-l+(n-l)e, n(l-e)+e 4 ( 0 . 5 ) + 0 ' 5

= -(l +l)-rtz" U [tO- I - I - (2)t''1=O'253

-= +
N tfr
2o'9oo
)-''LJJ
(20,9q0)(0.253) Arotal= (4X6.6)=26.4m2
A_ =6.6 m2
800

l0-41

t - (120-90y(120-30): 0.333

Samefor parallelandcounterflow

lo-42

C-it/Cmax: 10/30 : 0.333

r - 0.333

Parallelflow : NTU x 0.45

Counterflow.NTU^,
0.47

l0-43

C*ir,/C^u*: 0; t - lO/(10-30)
: 0.I 1l 1I

l0-44

NTU - -ln(l - e) - 0.I178 for bothcases

lst
10-45

mp,=2.6 kg/s ffic= l '3 kg/s =rLr,=r1z-4)=r4

Lrn
67 ,,F, - 81 - 4)= (830)A(73'78)
LT*=m=73'78 q =(1 .3X4175)(32

32- 4 = 29.SVo
A-2.48^2 S=
99-4

\
32 \ss

\4

l0-46
Tr, _ Tcr
- dq -- UdA(Th- Tc) = ritrcrdT,
"c To, - Tcl
UA
rA
-dr, =ydA -r)l?=ffio L_fr,
-rn(h Th - Tr,
_e-T%
Th- T, hrc,
-- UA
- c 2 -Tr,
T^ ?t -I -e
fficc c
- l - ^-#
i-
=!
'r
f , = ' ? --7,
Tn- Tr, Th

10-47
LTn=75- 30 = 45oC LTo=48-25--23"C
45 =0.9
d- AT* =,
Water is minimum fluid' ATinu* 75-25

79+
 Chapterl0

l0-49
tl
0.004=: u -14l A- (2.4r(340)- 5.7gm2
u 340 \rM)
withoriginalarea,oil is minfluid c - 1900
,-', 29,9=g2g.6 29,000_ Cmin
uo=99-55 Cw_ il60 =A.714
50-25 C,n.,
LTo
NTU _QM)(2.45)=0.426 e - o.2g:
828.6 90 -25
-
LTo l8.85oC q - (828.6X1 -
8.85) 15,619 W
reducedby 46Vo
l0-50
90

u\,0

\5

0=60 kW (J -ll:00, ,y
mt -oC
Crrrin
cold fluid is minimumfluid g=60-,5 =0.&7 =20 =0.364
90-s c!n* 55
NTU=1.5 = ug'otp= logl
Cmin
.5)
A_(lOglxl _ I .4gmz
60-5 I100
I0_5I

AGin
NTU = 1.9 s =0.69-
80-5
AZ;i" = 5l.75oC q--(51.75)009t1=56,460W onlyreduced
by 6%
10-52
29,000= CoQs- 15)= C.(70- 40) C- =966'7
C w- C m i n = 1 9 = 0 . 3 3 3 30 = UA =
s= 0.545 1.0
ca c^* 30 70-15 Cmin
.0 X 9 6 6 .7_)zl
A_ ( l .5^ 2
45

)qr
 Chapter10

l0-53
-' 9 6 q =3 2 2 .2 C.in. - 0'333 -
L w= J 0. I t I
C*u* 3
NTU=yA =(4?l(21:'5)=3.0 g-_o9z: LT*
Cmin 322.2 70 - 15
Ln, = 50.6oC q - CwLTw- 16,303W
r0-54
For parallel flow assume h, = ritn
q = rhhcpu(Tn,-Trrr) = ritrcpr(Tr, - frr! cpo = cp, ritn= it"

*=
Tn,-Tr,
exp
^(+.+l="*n[--^- -L [,.+t"ll
\hncn ritncn
) hrcp"l- ,Aoro^ ))
Tn,-Tr, - T"
= eXD(-r-%-)
'I considercold fluid: e -7"
Tor-Tr, hrtp,) To, - Tcr
Thr-Tr,
_Tnr-2Trr+Tr, TOr-Tht+Qrr-frr)
To, - Tr, TO,- 7,,
lThr- Tr) + grr Trr) + e, I _ e-zUA
9-l -ze
To,- Tct
l - -

2
For counter flow: rit6c7rdT1,= hrc rdfc - dq dq=UdA(Th-Tr)
q-UA(Th-Tr)

e-
Q a c t- UAgh-f)
=NT ,(ml =Nru(L
+ (,-e)
=Nru
Qmax
NTU
ritc(T1rr frr)
ffi]
I+ NTU
10-55

cw(90-55)=Co(50-25)
c* =_
25 90-55 =
Cw = Cmin $- 53.8Vo
co 35 9A-25

7lt
 Chapterl0

10-56
Crnin - 2057 =
Cs=(3428X0.6)-2056.8 Q.500
c*u* 4ll2
uA (850)(5.24)
=- = 2.17 f - 0.77
C*in 2057
- -Twi) - (4112X85-T*,)
q QA5T(0.77X140 T*, = 50.54oC
Preheaterheatswater from 35oCto 50.54oC
q - (4ll 2X50.54- 35) = 63,900W
1 1 5 - 9 9 ' 5- 1 o 7 o c 63' 900 = 0.299
aLrTm*_- @ _ A- m2
(2000x107)
At T- l50oc=302oF hft: 9lo Btu/lbm
63,900
hf, -- 2.tl7x 106 JBe f f i')* = - = 0 . 0 3 kg/sec
zJfi xl0o

l0-59

ma= 5'0 kg/sec A - 1 1 0^ 2 U =50

w ms-ske/s
;rc

375"C
mg

(a) Both unmixed

C-in
- 1.0
_ 010xs0)
NTU-\' .. .-1.095
C-* (sxl00s)
t - 0.49 5 - 27)- I 70.5
LT = (0.49)(37
To,- 1705+21- I 97.5"C Tr, =375-170'5- 2045oC
q - (5025X170-5)
= 8.57x l0s w

(b) g - 0.48 one fluid mixed about sarneresults

)g,l
 Chapterl0

10-59

mw= 30 kg/s Cw= (30X4174)- 125,220 T,^,=20"C

fYl

Tr, = 40oC To,= 200oC u -2t5

q - (125,220X40-24)=/.JQQ,x I
106W N_ m[r-l.)
c-l \ce-l)
Tu" LTo NTU
r90 10 250,M0 0.5 0 .l l l l 0 .l 2 l 2
r80 20 125,220 1 . 0 0 .l l l l 0.125
r40 60 41,740 0.333 0.333 0.432
80 t20 20,87A 0.167 0.667 1.177
10-60

mw = 50 kg/s T*, = 60"C T*, = 90oC (J - 4500

Ts= 200oC Cw= (50)(4174)= 208,700 C=0
30
S= N - -ln(l -0.2143)=0.2412
2W-60
(0.24t2)(209,700)- l l . 1 8m z T*, - 60
A_ s- "/ - 6 0 =0.2143
4500 4
T*r-=0-214Jfs + 47.1

10-61

(a) q -(5.0X4180)(80
- 30)- 1.045x 106 80-30 =0.7143
f,=
100- 30
N--ln(l -s)-1.253 _ (1.253)(5X4180)
dA = =29.A9m 3

(900)(29.09)
(b) N- = 4.818 f,-l-e-N =0.992
(1.3X4190)
- 30)= 69.4oC
LT* = (0.992)(100 Ti, = 69.4+30 = 99.4oC
l0-62
Cw= (0.48X4180)
=20f,l6 - 1005
Ca= (1.0X1005)
t1
l- _
1005 (s0x20)
:0.5 NTU = :
1.0 f, - 0.55
2W6 1005
LTo= (0.55X80- l0) = 38.5oC To exit- 10+ 38.5= 48.5oC
LT* = (0.5X38.5)
= 19.25"C T. exit= 80 - 19 '25- 60'75oC

309
 Chapterl0

10-63
A T -=;7ggf
LT* 60-Lo =49.33oc q - 600,000= UALT* - (300)A(49.33)
'\40/
160- 90 7A =
A- 40.55m2 f, = 0.636
160-50 ll0
lg-64

-i -r4o
\,0

(r -130 y co -2100+ it*=3.0 kg/sec

';z;c kg'oc
C - = ( 3 X 4 1 8 0 ) - 1 2 , 5 4 0 q = CwLTw= CoLTo=2-508 x 105 w
4 i 0 --2 0 ')=6 2 7 0 c- in =0.5 180- 140= O.25
c ^ = f l 2.5
' 4 0'\180
\( -140) -
c^u 180- 120
(0.35X6270)
NTU = 0.35 A- - 16.gg^Z

if waterflow cut in half ,* = UEt

q -(2.5OBxtOsXO.S) =1.254x10sw
Oil flow will be reducedso it will still be min. fluid.
080- 40)-(To2-20)
q -- co(180- To) = (130X16.88)-
hcil
'\rq-20
)
Solveby iteration, Toz= 36oC %0 gO- 36) = 1.254xl1s Co= 870.8
Flow is reducedby 86Vo.

,q,
Chapter l0

10-65

ho =0.8 kg/sec To,=30"C Toz='loc Tr, =3oC

U = 55 + h* =0.75kg/se c Co=(0.8X1005) = 804

m' .oc
3 )1 3 5 t = ? 9 ^ - 7 ^ = 0 . 8 5 @ = g
C , = ( 0 . 7 $ ( 4 1 8: 0 =0256
30-3 Ctn* 3135
NW =2.4 A=Q'4)(8M)=35.08m2
55
Watercutinhalf: +" =(2)(0.256)=0.512 NTU=2.4
L-"*

e=0116=:*, LT|=20.52"C
30-3
20'52)
n =(r-
7oreductio x 100=to.8vo
\ 23)
10-66
-l
g - :: =,- e.813 NTu=-rn(r- s) = 1.675
3 0- 1 .7
(l .675X804)_
A_ I 0.77^z Reduceairflowby
125 i
\TO
N TU-l 'Y s - -2 .5 1 2
LI.J t - l - e- N- o.919- - LT' = 26"C
? 30- 1.7
Initial q - (804X30- 7) :18,492 W
Reduced q -(so4)( = 13,e36
w
l)t^
Reducedby 24Vo

4oo
 Chapter10

10-67

mo=4W kg/hr=l.lll kglsec Co=20O0+

" kg'oc
O,q=
Co= Cmin=(2000X1.lll) - 2222 , = -&-= ,t=0.- 0.667
AG* -
100 40
=#
N=-ln(l-e)=1.099 o=W=2.034m2
-mm
Whenoil flow cut in halfi
N T ( J=(2 X 1 .0 9=2
9 ).1 9 8 =l- e- N= 0.889= ==!To
100- 40
LTo= S3.34oC q = CoLTo
=ffrtt.34) = 59,260W = itrhy,

*'=ffi=o'0262 kg/sec
10-6E

e=0.75-;AT':; arn=37.5"c N = -ln(l -) = 1.386

100- 50
(1.386X5X4180)
A_ = 24.t4m2
t2w
10-69
1'386=2.772
Reducewaterflow in half NT(J=
0.5
LT,
=l- e -N=0 .9 3 7 = Ar .,= 46.g"c
100- s0
T*" = 46.9+50 = 96.9oC = 4.901x 105W
q = C*LT, = (5)(0.5)(41S0X46.9)
10-70

LT* = 80- 52 = 28oC LTo= 40 -7 = 33"C

33 =0.452
Airisminimumfluid: ,=
80-7
io-zr
q = mrCyy(Z8)=ri1ogo13t', ,ir* -- 150 kg/min=2.5 kg/sec

q = (2.s)(4180X2s)
=2.926x
105w I =3 = o.Sag
c. 33
(0'8x2'5)(4180x0'848)
NTU=o.g=V A- =t4zm2
co 50

4o,
 Chapterl0

l0-72

tits = l0 kg/sec tix, = 15 kg/sec Cs = 2420 c*-4180

+
kg'oc
Cs=24'2w Crnin
Cw=62,700 = e.3g6
C-*
Glycol is minimum fluid f , = 0 9 - ? 4 = 0 . 4 N T U = 0 . 6 =UA
70-20 C*in
(0.6x24,200)
A= -363 ^2
40
l0-73

C. =(10X4180) - 41,800 U =35 - . -W

--- -C*in
= - = 0_24,200
.579
m"-oc Cn,* 41,800
(35X363) LT'
NTU_ = 0.525 g -0.38 = LT, - lg"c
24,200 70-20
Ts=20+19-39oC
l0-74

C w = ( 4 X 4 1 8 0 ) - 1 6 , 7 2 0 = C m i n = C r n *U - 8 0 0 n=3
-20 C.in
f, = 90 = 0.66667 = 1.0
80-20 Crn*
nt' P
Fromnextto lastentryof Tablelr3 for C =l f,=
l- (n-l)ep

Solvingfor p, tp= =0.4

n-(n-1)e
T]A
F r o m F i g .l f l 7 , a t C=l t-0.4 Np=0.8
=e
(0.9x16,720)
o^p = - - 16.72
^2 Atotal= (3X16.72)= 50.16 m2
800
10-75

Wateris minimumfluid
q - 8 00 x1 0 6=C *(3 0 -2 5 ) C*-1.6x108 u - 2000--6--
w
mt. oc
LT* 30 -?\' u UA
ar
c -_- : =0.06667 N - -ln(l - t) = 0.069-
AG"* 100-25 Crrrin

^ = ( 0 . 0 6 9 .X61x t 0 8 )= , . , , l , -
r.r 5519 m:

4o.
 Chapterl0

'0-76

Waterflow in half Cr, = 0.8x 108 NT(J=0.138

= I - e-N=0.12g9= =-^4^Tn== LTn=g.67oc
100- 25
q= C,,LT'=7.73x108w =rirrhfe hfs =2.255xt06 frg
. 7.73x 108=343
^ kg/sec=l'235xt06 kg/trr
hr=
z
rc-77
Ts,= 25"C Ts, = 65oC Cg= 2474 ms = | .2 kg/s 7.,
wl
= 95oC

T*, = 55"c u -600 y LT, - LTw

m'-oc
- Cw C*in 40
Cs = (l .2)(2474)=2969 = 1.0 f,=
Crn* 95- 25
UA
NTU- I .{= A-$.4)(2969) =6.93 m2
C*in 600

10-78
J
p - 1.1774
kel^3 cp - 1 0 0 5 Pr - 0.708
kg'oc

F=1.846x10-s o = O . O g=
l * D n= 0 . 0 1 1 8 f t = 0 . 0 0 3 6 m

Frontalarea=(0.3X0.6)= 0.18m2 --Q.6g7X0.18)

=o.1254m2
4
(l.l774xlo)
G=N-A - =17.57_$_
,4" 0.67 m' .s
(0.0036X12.5J)
n" 4G - =3426 stpr2/3= 0.004= Lvu3
p 1.846x l0-r G, o
= 88.09
ft = (Q,Q04)(I7.57X100SXO.ZOS)-2|3
,.ft
This coefficientis controlling
Volume = (0.3)2(0.0) = 0.054m3
n'l =
Area= (0.054)d
HeatTransfer = ro.oro{
-(.rrn *x3.28 40.56
m2
ft' m)

- - --itco(r2
e=nn(roo - 27)
+ +)
42 -?\=
(88.ex40.s6\100- -27)
oos)(rz
2 ) e.r774)(10x0.18)0
Tz=93.93"C

&t
Chapter10

e = 1.4 3 x1 0 sW =,i rrh fs hfs=2.ZSSxtO6

l/tg
h, = *= 0.63 kg/s
nfs

r0-81

c- =2382 J
u kg'"c
=
q m*c*LT. = mrc = - --
rL% (0.6X4I 80X80 60) = (0.8X2382)LT, 50,I 60 W
= UALT*
LT, =26.3"C
2 6 '3 =0 .4 3 9
e=
80- 20
Assumecounterflow
LT^-W=36.76,C 4= 5o160 =r.36m2
(1000x36.76)
80

*\uo

\,.

10-82
q = mrc *LT* = mocoLTo= (0.6)(4180X50- 20)= (l .2X2I 00)(100- Toe)
- 75,240W
LTo=29.86 Toe=70.14"C
Wateris min. fluid andmixed
Oil is max fluid andunmixed.
Cmin-29'86=0.995
,=-j9-=0.375
100- 20 Cnl* 30
= - 0.375)]
tn[r+ 0.9951n(r = uA
= 0.634
" o# Crnin
(0.634X0.6X4180)
A_ =0.636m2
250
r0-83

Water is min fluid and unmixed

Oil is max fluid and mixed
ru=-m{l*=*rntl-0.99s(0.37t1} =0.469 A=o.470m2
L 0.99s )

{o4
 ChapEr l0

r0_84
q = mnc.LTn= mocoLTo= (2)(4180X70 - l0) = (3X2100)0ZO-To")
= 501,600N
LTo=79.62 To"= 40.38"C
Oil is min fluid.
79' 62 = 0.723g
c = - .6 0 ,,=0 .7 5 3 6 s= n= 3
79.62 120- l0
It-tc\ttn_r'
en=;;q,\-t9-l rSee
(t prob. l0-S3)
- \'
\-T-6 /
753oy1I / 3 -l
( | - (o.7z7s)(0.
= _It-sinlz#-) l'1806-l_=0.423
(@-r.rso6-oJsro
- w
\----l_o-tm-)
FromFig.10-16, N(l shellpass)=0.75 N(total)=(3X0.75)=2.25
2.25= ,. V'-!,. A - Q'25)(3)(2lffJ)
= 47.25mz
(3X2100) 300
10't5
C, =(l)(4180)=4139 Co-(3)(2100)=6399 f=*=0.663
c** 6300
NT(J=(3oox47'25) = 3.391
4180
N (l shell)= I .13 ep = 0.54 FromFig.l9-l6
FromTable l0-3
Ir-(o.s+)(o.eor)]3
-' 1
[----]]'g';J LT.
"=
v'vJv -
-= 0.836
- o.oor 120- l0
[1-(0i1*9663)]'
L T *=9 1 .9 7 " C T *" = 1 0+ 91.97= 101.97"C
Fromenergybalance: LTo= 6l.02oc To"= L20- 61.02= 58.98"C
q = 3 . 8 4 4 x1 0 5w

4o6
 Chapterl0

10-86

r-D 37.8

-26.7"
/zl .lo

(J=700 y tiIF =0'23 kg/s hf, =120 kVkg

;p *C
q - ,irrhfs = (0.23X1
20)= 27,600w - hrcn(26.7 - zl .l)
hrcn = C*:4929 LT*=ffi-l3.7loc F-1.0

q-UAFLT* 27,600 5.6

A- = 2.88m" s=: i- =0.335
(700)(t
3.7r) 16.7
10-87

," --liloe2e)
/ l\
=24rr N= -- 0.818
ff W=
r=l- e-N-0.559
=# A?ir=(0.559X16.7)=9.33ee
q -- CnLTn = Q.33)(U64) = 22,991W
=Wx
%Reduction loo=l7vo
I0-gg
mhch = fficcc = (3X4180) - I 2,540 c-1.0 n=4
g - 20 =0 .2 8 5 7
80-10
UsingEq. in Table1O-3for C =l
e[t+(n-l)ep]=ntp e 0.2957
tp= = 0.0909
n- e( n- l) 4- ( 3X0.2857)
FromTable 1014
(zz-l-l-",E) .=n
e ,.1n0n0^2 =r-I=A- l o o o A
l/-*h'
42 \22-l-l+42) cmin (3x4180)
-
A - 1 . 2 5 ^6 2 4otul= (4X1.256) 5.024^2

4or
 Chapterl0

r0-89
New Crin = 0.5X4180)=627O C=0.5
Oneshellpass ry=12)(0.1002)=0.20M

Fromrabre
rG3 (r.rw#rf
eo=zlr+0.5+ =0.173
Also from Table lL3
/l-o.o86s\a
_r
= - =0.4943==% LTn=34.6oc
(fffi).-c 8o-ro
q = (1.5X4180X34.6)
= 2.156xlOs W
ForProb.l0_8O q=(3X4180X20)=2.508x10s\V
l4Vo relaction in heattransfer

10-90
C = 0.5 a n d1 .0
Take N (l shell)= 1.0
Fig. 1Ll6 ep=0.525 at C=0.5
e p =0 .4 5 a t C= 1.0
Fig. 1Gl7 N =2 ep = 0.76 at C = 0.5
sp=0.62 at C=1.0
(t-o.zozs\z-' r
at C=0.5 ,= \-lTEIzsJ =0.73g
(ffi)'-o.s
(2X0'45) -=O.621
n
at C= 1.0 =
Good agreement,consideringaccuracyof readingfigures.

ls-91
solve third from lastequationof Table lG3 for eo.

4E1
Chapter10

r0-n
Co = Q.0)(2100)=14,'l0O Twi=20oC
-
Cmixed C. =(3.5X4180) =14,630 Tor= 100"C
e= 0.6= ,=11=
- Ar, = 48t
100 20
q = (14,630)(48)= (14,700)LTo LTo= 47.BoC Twe= 6goC
cmixed=
Toe=52.3oc l1'u?9=0.995 N=2.5= LIA
Cunmixed 14,7ffi 14,630
U A =3 6 ,5 7 5
r0_93

C, =(1.0)(4180)=4180 NTU =(2500X0'8)=0.4785

4180
r = l - e 4 '4 7 8=0
s .3 g =,=1 1 = LT*= 3o.4oc
100- 20
7., =20+30.4 = 50.4oC

t0-94
C, = (1.5)(4180)
=6270 C8= (3.0X2474)=7422
q = ( 62 7 0 )(5 0 -2 0=7
) 4 2 2 L Ts=l.88lxlgsW LTr = ZS.34IC
, - -&-= * = o.s c- =9?7-o
= 0.845 n= 4
80-20 60 7422
FromProb. lL77
Ir-o.s(o.s+s)ll/a
-,
t--l:05-l
to=m=o'1914
[ 1-0.s l
FromTablel0-4 (l+ C2)rt2=1.3C-[t2

= -l
N- ,nfofm-r-o-s+s-r.rogz)
v r.3os2
tadr4ffi)=o'234
= @)(0.234)=0.937=
Ntotar ?..qf A=6.53m2
6n0

4at
 Chapter| 0

l0-95

Cs=ry=3-lll =Cmin (900X6.53)

Np_ _ o. 3gsg
(371X4)
t'''-- 37ll - I .162
L :=0.592 (l+C2)rl2 N(l + Cz)rtz:0.46
6270
FromTable lO-3
t-
tp=rLr+0.
ssz+(r
.r6z)#]-t =e.zs:
From Table l0-4

f,=
lwJo_, = 0.685-
LT_
5
80-20
IryJ--at.5e2
(41.13x37tt) -24.34"C
LT, - 41.13"C LT. =
6270
h, =20+24.34=M.34oC
10-96
U=57 Cw= (0.5)(4174)
= 2A87 Ca= Q)(1005)= 2010
C*n -2010=0.963 (s7)(52) ,
NTU-\- =1.474
c*u* 2097 2010
LTo
f =0.55 = LTo=30.25oF-16.81oC
1 3 0- 7 5

'\2087 : I 6.I eoc

Lr*- (r6.8De:$ T* exit- 100.9oF- 38.26"C
)
q - CaLTa- (2010X16.81)
= 33,788W

l0-97
Cmin -2Ol
Ca= (1005X0.2)=201 C w- ( 4 1 8 0 X 0 . 2 ) = 3 3 6 =0.n4
c!n* 836
uA (40xs)= LTo
NTU - e E

1.0 e - 0.59= LTo - 41.3oC

Cmin 201 90 -20
q - CaLTa- (201X41.3)= 8301W e-r-.*[#] =o.se
l0-98

Using equationfrom Problem 10-83 n=3

r,2 60-30 =o.375
L-- e- tp = o'158
3 110-30

4az
Chapterl0

10-99
q- =(31x4l80x2A),
) == L ,(30) Co = Cmin= 8360
( l +' 1 2 ttz- I .zo2

'I
Ta
Tab D r04
L A rle

I(I :0.r _|.Z}ZJ

N
'Y-
Np - - x I *tnl E_t_0.6.67 = 0.
v ' lg3
^vv
v
1.202 \ 0 . 1g - I - 0 . 6 6 7+ 1 . 2 0 2
J

)
230A
t:
Nv((ltoti
l tal) = (3)(0. r8
:0.lI 33) =Q.548- A (total)= lg.gz
8360
. o ZT
[edlucte water to
Red 2kel
cw
"w ) = '[$836, - c o
= ( 2)(4180) c-l.o (l+c2)rt2-1.414
+ exp(-0'183x 1'414)l-t
Ep
l; -2
'p = ,lr+r+(r
.47
[ l14)
,
- exp(-O.
= e. ls4 (From
\- - - ---Tablel0-3)
183x l.4ta)J
"1
{exrt to
Nex tc last Equa uatiro n ( f Tablelf3 for C = |
,p
f,-
i- I x0'154) - 0.353- Lr* - LT*=zg.zoc- LTo
l + ( n - l ) e ,p
p l+ ll0- 30
-- 1 1 1 0- 2 9).2 - , 8 1 ioc
" 2 )(0 .154) To,= 30+ 28.),:58.2"C
h'
I
'we
we .Lt -

qt -- (8:
8360)(28.2) 2 ) - , 2 . 3i x l O s w

0-l
D-l00
10-l

h=3ooo ho=l9o+- do=25mm ro-r;-0.8mm

m".oC
w
copperk -386
m-oC
ro - 12,5mm r; - 11.7mm di =23-4 mm
I 1
ui 3
I -L Ailn(ro f ri) - | A, I
hi
'
zrckL
'
ho Ao -czreoJ
3m--n(0.023$ln(12.5111.7)L rr.7

w
- 190 ----:i--
mt. oC

4to
 Chapurl0

r0-102

\
ss\ 60
H
\

\,0

LTn = 40oC LT, =25"C

Hot fluid is minirnum fluid
LT (min fluid) 40 =
t-#3 0.571
LT (maxHx) 100-30
l0-103
4 tubepasses;
2 shellpasss, oil in tubes,90oCto 60oC;
water in shell, l0"C to 50"C vo - -\''\''\''
00J
^Z'oc kg'oc
q- 500kw LTn= 30 Lfc - 40 Water is min fluid

g=50-lo =0.5
90-10

UA
NTU= 0.9=
crnu* 40 C*in
q-Co(30)- Cw(40) =
Co 16,667 Cw - 12,500: C*in
(0.9)(12,500)_ ZtZm2
A_ (e- NTU method)
53
' l''tg --2.99kg/s 40-50
mw= LMTD - LTm =@)-=44'8oc
+tgo
3 0= 0 . . / 5
\=90 Tz.=60 \=10 tz=50 R-
40
p - 9= 0.5 F -0.9g q-UAFLT*
80
500,000 - 215m2
A- (LMTD method)
(53X0.98X44.8)

4t,
Chapter l0

10-104
q = 250,000W Co = 16,667 A-212 ^2
U=53 Y
^2.oc

cw
cw NTU LT*
co
5000 0.3 2.25 0.82 65.6 329,000
2000 0.12 5.62 0.97 77.6 155,2W
3000 0.19 3.15 0.94 75.2 225,600
cw - 3500
t2,500- 3500
% Reduction = x 100=-l7%o
12,500
10-105
Finnedtube,steamat 100'C q- 44 kW
Air hearedfrom lO"C to 50oC U=25 Y
^2.oc

100
50

vsv 0 - 1
^ v0
e-
r00 10-
-Q.Qp{{
fu_o
C,n*
44,000
N - -ln(l - s) = -ln(l -0.M4)= 0.588 Crnin= _ - 1 1 0 0
50-10
UA (0.588X1
100)- )
NTU = A_ 25.87m-
Crnin 25

*tz
 Chapter 10

10-106

(J .- rix0.8- C0.8 Crnin -

0 f=l-e-N
Crnu"

a =2e,3so
q-(?\<*,ooo) w
\ll''

Cmin (C.ir) NTU LTai,

r000 23.16 0.599 0.45I 40.57 40,57A

600 1 5 .3 9 4.6& 0.485 43.66 26,194
700 17.41 0.644 0.474 42.7| 29,899
- 690
Cair= 690 for q = 29,350 W vo Reduction- lloo x loo = 37Vo
1100
l0-It07
Steamin shell at 38"C Water 20oCto 27"C I shell,2 nrbepasses
4 = 700MW AssumeU =2500 +.
m'.oC
,==)=0.38889 N=-ln(l-e)= 0.492 q=cnLT,
38-20
_ 7 o o x l o 6_ r x l o 8
rCw=6-=l m_. . = b t n t =23,920kg/sec
Or*
UA (0.4gZXlx tO8)-
NTU =0.492- A_ 19,680m2
Cmin 2500
10-108

q-7x108=C*(34-20) Cw-5x107
34 -2 a =0 .7 'l '1 8 UA
f ,= N--ln(l -s)-l.J=
38-20 C-in
(1.5X5x 107)
A_ = 30,080mz
2500

4t3
 Chapter,t0

t0-10s

A = 19,680m2 34-20
= a S _ 2 0= O . 7 7 7 8
/-V=-ln(l-0.X778)=1.5= (2500X19'680J
+- Cmtn-- =3.28x107
Lmin l-5
q = C.AT' = (3.28x tOTXg+- 20) = 459 MW
ZoReductio"= x loo = 34.4vo
#
10-llr ,
do=1.315 di=1.049in. k=43+ 4=80+@=70oC
m.t"2
P=858 cp=2090 y=0.6x10+ ft=0.139
pr =770 (5Xl'049X0'0254)
Re- - =2220
06"#Z--
Freeconvection Tr-70+20=45oc &=4.2xl0ro
"2pk
k = 0.64 GrPr= (4.2xtol0)(t.lts)3(o.ozs+)3
(70 -20) ='I.B2x107
h, =
" -X: ^(0.53X7.s2
(l .315)(0.0254t
xloT)rt4 = 953
'-- +
m'2."C
q = itcrLT6=1tsty15y@- - 60)= 99,970
e.0zsq2(2090x80 w
Assumeinsidebarelyturbulent:

4.' = '= .3= '4re

: 2 5e.023)(2220)0.8(zzo)0
\' ' - l - - J-
(1 .0 4 9 x0 .0 4) m 2.oc
Neglectconductionresistance
u= r\ = 2 9 1- W q =UrdLLT
E*E t-GC
- - + -1-.3
- -1- 5 , ro :- 99,970
- '_
6, l_=1 .M9 =l.l8in. L, = =7L.gm
2 (29r)n(r.r})(0.0254)(70-
20)

4r4
 Chapterl0

| 0-113
Bt-n
At 40 mph q - 60,000 Btu/hr Il = 35 LT - l00F
h r - f t 2- o F
(J - hr03 = 0.0066v0'7 hair = k z v = Q .l l S v
At 40 mph- 211,200ftltrr
NTU
- LTo-- c*in =Q - Cmin=34.3
G-
'w o. rgz NTU=0.20 A ftz
Tf - To, Cr* U
-At 30 mnh = 158,000ftlhr
-
U 28.5 ix - 18,700 Cmin -M90 NTU*'- = 0.218
Lu a - 9 s
f,=0. 185= Tr" - 105.2"F
55
q - fuocpoLTo= 58,000 Btu/hr 3.3Voreduction
At 20 moh= 105,600ftltrr
--il-

U - 21.6 ita - 12,450 cmin -2290 NTU*'.=0.248

L"a -es
f - 0.20 - Tr" - l06oF
55
q - 32,900 Btu/hr 45.2Vo reduction
At
-....:l0 moh = 52,800ftltrr
u - 13.3 ma - 6230 Cmin= | 495
NTUmax=0.305 S=0.26 -
Tr" l0g.3oF
q - 21,400Btu/hr &.4VoReducrion
-c 100
O.
t1
r<

:80
vg
r{-{ C
oE 60
trtr
ox
EE 40
&
&, zo
s 0
l0 20 30 40
10-114
ta
p - 345 kN/ m' = 50 psia -
4u, = 281"F 138"C
53-39
LT*=fff -45.64 q = (7.5X4175)(99- 85)= 438,375W
t"(Fl
q - (2800)A(45.&) A - 3.43m2 = (30)/r(0.025)(2L) L - A.728m

1tt
 ChapterI0

l0-l 15
-
Rf = o-ooo5 Udirty- I 167 ----
w
uoiny u.trun mt. oC
- 182,636W
q: (l 167)(3.43)(45.64) 192,636 -
LT* = 5.930c
(7.5X4t75)
T ; , = 9 9 - 5 . 8 3= 9 3 . 2 o C

10-116

h (steam)- 9000
'v\'\' Y
I
rr--=:--r.^E t.oc W

tr*t gmnfu m"'oc

Cw =C,',in=(0.76)(4180)-3176

l2l" c
'19.4"
C
./
/lo" c
69'4 f lA
e - + = A . 6rr. ' ' - I' - L
/t^F ' a '- -
25 N - - l n (- l--\e- ) = 0 . Y
98
111 c
A (0.gg lx3 176)
A_
t226
Waterflow reducedby 60Voto Cw= (0.4Xfnq - I 270
u! _(t226)(2.54)
:2.45
N_ e - N= 0 . 9 1 4 = L T '
e-l-
cw t270 lll
LT* - l01.4oC -
T. exit- 10+ 101.4 I l l .4oC

70-777

=+-*
o.moz+o.ooo4 u -r37.6 y
^2.oc
A
^oiny
_ 150
30 Ait'v = 32.7 ^2 9Voincrease
137.6

1t,'
 Chapbrl0

l0_ll8

Satsteam: ps = 100psia Ts=328oF i = 1000: ?t+ =

hr. ft" .oF
h/e = 888.8 Btu/lbm neglectwall resistance.
COz: hr=3ffi lbm/hr Pc=15psia Trr=7QoF T"r=2OO"F
so - su = 3
cp"=0.20g pc = 0.1106lum/ft3 ai 90"F
# dd2

c=o.25 n=0.62 No=4=du'*"a}^ Trt = 2 3 l o F

k \v )
rirc ( .s- \
u*=+ P=0.0874rtnax=r-l
-tS,
+l -d,/ *=0.0134
pA
Re,= ry h"= k-g1p..r" q, = UAF(LT^) F =l
p-d

Assume
L=3.25,,=0.nlft Un==_#. A=0.1775ft2
mrm
LT^--W z-=r99,oooft/hr
^'\r''-rc,
)
tlnax= 597'000ft/hr Re4= 24,200 ft = 83.5
UA( T;=ritco(Tz-Tr)co, Ue--fl L=lO7.5
g: = 0.26g= 3.22in.= 3.25,, thisassumption waso.k.
400
1o_,121
m"(2r0o)(r38- 93)= (2.5)(4r75X65 - 25)
mo=4.41'lkg/sec U =450 At= 4 Assume oil is minfluid
138-
t t = : . ; l 8 - 42 5 ,r=Y
- 138-50 c.o = e.5)(4r75)= 10,438

c* r=(1.88X41 75)=7g4g -n'2 -4'417-l

#=3E
NTUZ Crro, ffiot mol

00'438X50 - 25)= C,6s,(138- \) = 260,954

(7849)(65 - 50)= C*o, 0 38- T) = ll7 ,735
By iterationiffior=3.638 4 = l03.8oc r = 0.3023
Cr=0.732 Nr = 0.4099
Ar=h=W=6.96m2

1,r
 Chapterl0

l0-122

Wateris min fluid F=| At - 1.53$^2 Az = Q.863^2

(1 - -
(LT^)r 38 25). (138 50) = 99.98oC
r"(*3)
(138- s0)- (l 38- 6s)
(LT*)z = 80.27"C
rnil
- 25)- l TNAI (99.98)- 260.9kw
Qr= (2-5)(4175X50
- - 50)- I 7Wh(gO.Z7)= t17.7kW
ez (l .88X4175)(65
ffisr- -L- o. l r6 kg/sec ffis2= -?2 = 0.052 kg/sec
n2 nfs
l0-126

Bothunmixed ho =174 hs = 5000 U - 168 c=0

Volume = (0.5X0.4)= 0.2 m3 = 7.063ft3 Area = (7.063)(229)
=1617 ftz
A=150-3m2 Cmin= 0.1774)(0.5X15X1006)=8883
ry.C
N- G68l-(ll0'3)=2.g43 =l- e1.843=0,j942
8883
LTo= (0.942)(373- 300)= 68.7oC ToZ= 368.7K= 95.7oC
-
q (S883X68 .7)=6. 1x lOsW
10-134
If the pair of heatexchangershu9 very large massflow of watercirculating
negligible lemperaturedrop wouldI occur in the waterandtherewould
be
maximumtransferof heatfrom the outsideto ins[deair. In addition,if the
areaof
theexchangers is verylargethelimiting casewill be experienced wherethe
temperatureof the air dischargedto outsidewill be to the outsideair
temperature-eltering "qout the limiting casefor
the system.Theseconditiorlsrefresent -'
operationof qF system,andail othercaseswill involv" ,o-"*t ut
performance. G;?J;
Selectionof an eventualdesignwouldhaveto balanceslstem costs
againstenergysavingsachieved.

1,9
 Chapterl0

I0-136

Tdryr,= 95oC- 368K Tairinlet- l0oc

ho= A_ (l .ol32xlo5x34)
= Q.544kg/sec (J - 30 Y
RT (60X287X368) ^2.oc
10"c
t
l

,lllllo llll,o
I AZLiTA= AI"i, g
95"C
ChooseLT^, = 50oC
q- ircrLT - (0.5MX1005X50) =2'7,340W
Sinceheatpipe tempremainsconstant,air is rnin fluid
4.. 105
s t r - p == = 4 0 =
-g Tp=;=52.5oC
95-Te Te-10
40 = 0 . 9 4 - l - e - N UA
s= N - 2.833=
42.5 C*in
(2.833X0.544X1005)
-
A- 5 1 . 6^ 2
30
.34)= $2.321ht
Costsavingswith electricity= (0.0S5X27
cosr savingswirh gas- (27,340x3600)($9'00\
[iffi )=$0'886/hr
If operated l2hrlday,365 days/yr
= $l0,l6llyr
savings(elec)=(2.32)(12X365)
= $388{yr
savings(gas)= (0.SS6X12)(365)
10-r43
Installationof the pipesin the groundcan be either in a vertical or horizontal
configuration,which will influencethe conductionshapefactor betweenth9 nine
andsoil. (Chapter3) Actual installationconditionsdependstronglyon the locale.
Both casesmight be examined.For the calculationsthe thermalresistance dueto
the water sideheattransfercoefficientcan probablybe neglectedin comparisonto
the resistanceof the prpeandconductionresistanceto the soil.

4rs