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Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 for Mastercam X6

Copyright 1984 - 2012 In-House Solutions Inc. - All rights reserved.
Software: Mastercam X6 Mill & Solids
Authors: In-House Solutions Inc.
ISBN: 978-1-926955-45-2
Revision Date: February 7, 2012
Notice
In-House Solutions Inc. reserves the right to make improvements to this manual at any
time and without notice.
Disclaimer Of All Warranties And Liability
In-House Solutions Inc. makes no warranties, either express or implied, with respect to
this manual or with respect to the software described in this manual, its quality,
performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. In-House Solutions
Inc. manual is sold or licensed "as is." The entire risk as to its quality and performance is
with the buyer. Should the manual prove defective following its purchase, the buyer (and
not In-House Solutions Inc., its distributor, or its retailer) assumes the entire cost of all
necessary servicing, repair, of correction and any incidental or consequential damages. In
no event will In-House Solutions Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, or consequential
damages resulting from any defect in the manual, even if In-House Solutions Inc. has been
advised of the possibility of such damages. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion
or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so
the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
Copyrights
This manual is protected under the copyright laws of Canada and the United States. All
rights are reserved. This document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied,
reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form
without prior consent, in writing, from In-House Solutions Inc.
Trademarks
Mastercam is a registered trademark of CNC Software, Inc.
Microsoft, the Microsoft logo, MS, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation; Windows2000, Windows XP and Windows 7, are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
This document complies with Mastercam-X6 as of February 2012. Requires Mastercam Mill
Level 1. Requires Solids for Chapter 5
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 Computer Essentials
Chapter 2 Mastercam Workspace
Chapter 3 CAD Drawing
Chapter 4 Advanced CAD Drawing
Chapter 5 Solid Modeling
Chapter 6 Drill Toolpaths
Chapter 7 Contour Toolpaths
Chapter 8 Pocket Toolpaths
Chapter 9 2d High Speed and FBM
Chapter 10 Rotary Toolpaths
Chapter 11 Change Recognition
App. A Drill Charts
App. B G&M Codes
App. C Speeds and Feeds
Legend
Icons are used to alert, inform, and enhance your learning experience. The Icons
following icons are found in the margins of the book:
Remember reminds you of important information that will help you work safely
and productively.
Tips are suggestions from experienced CAD/CAM users that will guide your
learning and use of Mastercam.
Step by Step are detailed instructions on how to use a specific function or

perform a task.
On The CD alerts you that a file exists on the CD included with this manual that
may be necessary for accomplishing a task.
Try It assigns a task you should be able to successfully complete before

proceeding further.
Warning is used to emphasize situations that can cause damage to machines,

property, bodily injury or death. Machining can be dangerous. Take these
warnings seriously and do not proceed unless you are certain your methods and
setup are completely safe.
In Depth are notes of interest that deepen your understanding and knowledge of
a topic.
Power User denotes tips that are likely only applicable to the highest level users
of Mastercam.
Conventions Key words and Mastercam menu items are shown in bold the first
time they are used.
Columns on the outside edges of each page and

note pages at the end of each chapter provide ample space for taking
notes.
Useful tips, recommended settings, best practices, and detailed instruction

on the most important features are included when possible.
The following terms are used throughout this book. Common
Terms
Left Click means to click once on the left mouse button.
Click means the same as left click.
Right Click means to click once on the right mouse button.
Scroll means to roll the mouse scroll wheel, or move the scroll index in a
list.
Options are Mastercam functions selected from the main menu.
Enter means to select the <Enter> key on your computer keyboard.
Press means to press on a keyboard key.
Choose means to select a menu option or button.
Open/Close means to open or close a dialog or information box.
Dialog Box is a window that opens to allow input of information and

setting of defaults.
Drop Down/Fly Out Menus are menus that expand down, left, right, or
up, to reveal more menu lists.
A Function is the same as a menu option or command.
Help means the Mastercam help files loaded with your software.
Drill Toolpaths
6 Drill Toolpaths
This chapter introduces drill toolpaths and functions used to create and Objectives
verify CNC programs.
When finished with this chapter, you should be able to:

Select a Machine Type.
Define stock size, material type, and other job related parameters.
Select geometry for drilling operations.
Use tool and material libraries.
Understand and properly set drill parameters including cycle type, speed
and feed, cut depth, and rapid height.
Verify the toolpath and make changes as needed.
Post process the program to create an NC code.
Transmit the NC file to the CNC machine using RS-232
communications.
Hole-making is the most fundamental and widely used machining Introduction
operation. In this chapter, you will learn to program holes using

wireframe entities going from a blank screen to NC code.
After drawing or importing geometry, you will select a Machine Type.

You then set up a Work Coordinate System (WCS) so Mastercam knows
the location and orientation of the part in relation to the machine. You
then set Toolpath Properties, which include material type and size.
Next, you will pick geometry that defines the hole locations, then set
Toolpath Parameters including speed, feed, coolant, and offset number.
You will then set Drill Parameters including fixed cycle type, clearance,
rapid and cut depths.
After Mastercam calculates the toolpath, you simulate the drilling

processes and check for problems. If necessary, you will change
geometry, drill sequence, or parameters until the program is correct.
Finally, you will select the Mastercam Post Process function to create an
NC program that is communicated to your machine to make the part.
Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-1

Chapter 6
Mastercam The chart below shows an overview of the Mastercam CNC programming
Programming process.
Process
Plan
Draw or Import Geometry
Select Machine Type
Set Work Coordinate System (WCS)
Set Toolpath Properties
Select Toolpath Geometry
Set Toolpath Parameters
Set Machining Parameters
Verify Toolpath
No
Good?
Yes
Yes Another
Operation?
No
Post Process
Communicate Program to CNC
6-2 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Plan. Decide how the part will be held, order of machining operations,
and tools to use.
Draw or Import Geometry. Programs begin with geometry that

describes the finish dimensions of the part. Create the geometry from a
part print or import it from another CAD/CAM system.
Select Machine Type. Select a Machine and Control definition that

matches your CNC machine tool.
Set Work Coordinate System (WCS). Set the machining coordinate

system to locate and align the part with the machine tool.
Set Toolpath Properties. Set the file locations, tool settings, stock size,
material type, and safety zone.
Select Toolpath Geometry. Select geometry representing the finish

dimensions of the feature to machine.
Set Toolpath Parameters. Tool parameters include tool type, diameter,

and cutting speed and feed.
Set Machining Parameters. Machining parameters include clearance,

rapid, retract, final depth, step down, and step over values.
Verify Toolpath. Carefully check your toolpaths before proceeding. If

the results are good, proceed to the next operation. If not, change
Geometry, Tool Parameters or Machining Parameters and regenerate the
toolpath until you are satisfied with the results.
Post Process. Post processor act like a kind of language translator,

transforming your machining operations into a usable CNC program.
Communicate Program to CNC. Transfer the NC program to the CNC

machine via RS-232 communications, floppy disk, flash memory or
Ethernet link.

Chapter 6
Drill The most commonly used tools for drilling operations are shown below.
Tools Different sizes of all these tools are included in the Mastercam tool
library.
Spot Drill Countersink Center
Tap Reamer Counterbore Bore
Tool Purpose
Spot Drill A very rigid tool used to make a conical start point for
subsequent drill operations. This gives the drill a precise start
point and produces a straighter hole.
Drill Also called a twist drill. Available in many sizes and materials.
Countersink Used to form a conical recess for a machine screw so the head
lies flush with the finish surface.
Center Similar to countersink, but pilot in nose ensures concentricity
with drilled hole.
Tap Taps form threads and come in many types, including cutting
tap, roll tap and flat bottom tap.
Reamer Reamers provide a more precise hole size, shape and finish.
Counterbore Used to form a flat face for bolts. The pilot in the nose of the
Counterbore ensures concentricity with the drilled hole.
Bore Used to provide a more precise hole size, shape and finish for
larger holes.
6-4 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The tools required to make a hole depend upon its finished shape, size and Drill
tolerance. For example, a standard thru hole might require just two tools Tool
Selection
and drill operations; a center drill and a drill.
Some holes are more complex. A spot face hole used to flush mount a
standard 82-degree machine screw could require four tools and operations:
center drill, drill, tap, and countersink.
Tools Used Result Application
+ =
Thru Hole
+ + =
Tapped
+ + =
Precision Blind
+ + =
Socket Head Cap Screw
+ + + =
Spot Face

Chapter 6
Machine For Mastercam to write the NC program, it needs to know many things
Type about your machine and control. This information is contained in the
Machine and Control Definitions for the machine.
Machine and Control Definitions are explained in detail in Chapter 11.

For now, select the Mill 3-AXIS VMC.MMD definition from the
Machine Type, Mill menu. This is the machine definition for a generic
three axis Vertical Machining Center with Fanuc compatible CNC
control.
1. Click on Machine Type
2. Select Mill
3. Select the Default Milling Machine
Y X
6-6 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Most parts require multiple setups. For example, a part may be first set up Work
and machined on one side. It may then be flipped up in the vise, a new Coordinate
System
machining datum set, and machined on that side. Most parts require at (WCS)
least two setups, and some require many more -typically one setup and
datum for each side machined.
As the part is moved and flipped between setups, both the CNC machine
and Mastercam must know the location of and orientation of the new
machining datum. This is done using the Mastercam Work Coordinate
System (WCS).
Think of the WCS as a kind of Cplane for toolpaths. Rather than using the
Mastercam Xform functions to move and rotate the part to align it with the
Mastercam coordinate system, the WCS lets you set up a machining
coordinate system. This machining coordinate system lets Mastercam
know where the datum for the part (Work Offset) is located on the part,
and how the part is oriented in relation to the machine XY axis and
spindle.
The WCS offers the following advantages over moving the part using
Xform:
Imported parts stay in the same coordinate system location as they were
drawn in CAD. This is a requirement for many aerospace companies when
the part is located in airplane space, or where it is installed on the aircraft.
This location is often far from the Mastercam Coordinate System datum and
not aligned with the coordinate system axes.
WCS controls machine Fixture Offsets. Most post processors are set up to
change the fixture offset (G54, G55, etc.) based on the WCS work offset
setting.
All machining processes can be simulated in the same session. If you
move the part for each operation, you can only simulate one setup at a time.
Use the WCS to simulate machining processes that work on multiple sides
of the part.
Revisions are easier. New versions of the part are easier update if the part
stays in the same location and orientation as the previous version.
Mastercams Change Recognition technologies require the original and
incoming parts be in the same position.

Chapter 6
Pre-Defined Mastercam pre-defines the following Work Coordinate Systems parallel to

WCS the Mastercam coordinate system.
Launch the WCS menu from the status bar.
Pre-Defined WCS
6-8 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
User-defined WCSs are created using the same techniques as user- User-Defined
defined Cplanes. WCS
User Defined WCS
Item Definition
Named Views Select a named WCS.
WCS by Define a WCS by selecting a flat entity, two lines, or
geometry three points.
WCS by solid Define a WCS by clicking on a flat solid face.
face
Rotate WCS Rotate the active WCS about an axis.
Last WCS Select the previously used WCS.
WCS by Normal Use a line to define the Z-axis of a WCS.
WCS=Cplane Create a WCS same as the active Cplane.
WCS=Tplane Create a WCS same as the active Tplane.
WCS=Gview Create a WCS same as the active Gview.
View Manager Open the WCS View Manager.

Chapter 6
View Use the View Manager to select, edit, and create a user defined WCS.
Manager The view manager provides complete control over the WCS, including
setting of the Work Offset (G54, G55, etc).
The following dialog allows you to control views and assign any view as a
WCS:
6-10 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Item Definition
Pick View Set the view by picking an existing plane indicator
from the graphic area.
Copy Copy the highlighted view.
Relative Create a view relative to the highlighted view.
Geometry Select or create a view by selecting two lines, three
points, or a flat entity.
Solid Face Select or create a view by selecting a flat solid face.
Check offsets Scan assigned offsets to ensure a fixture offset is not
used more than once.
Name Name a user-defined view. Pre-defined views cannot
be renamed. However you can names any view you
create, including a copy of a pre-defined view.
C, T, D Marks in these columns determine which WCS the
Cplane (C) Tplane (T) are set to, and if the WCS is
Displayed (D) in the graphics area.
Work offset # Set which fixture offset is assigned to this WCS.
Update graphics Sets the system defined Gviews to be in relation to the
view when WCS active WCS rather than the Top view.
changes
Set Current View Set the WCS, Tplane, or Cplane to the active view.
And Origin Select the = option to set all three to the active view.
Enable Origin Use to shift the position of the WCS origin away from
the coordinate system origin.
Pick origin Pick view origin from the graphic area.
Associative Tells Mastercam you want to maintain a link to
geometry in the graphics window. Mastercam will
update the view origin and orientation if the geometry
used to define it moves.
Work Offset# Used to tell the the post processor which Fixture Offset
to use for this WCS. Most post processors are set to
work as follows:.
Set to -1 disables work offset output.
Work offsets are numbered from 0 up. For
example, 0=G54, 1=G55, 2=G56, etc.
Get unique Find an unused work offset.
Color Set color of the WCS display.
Comment Enter a comment to help you identify and use this
WCS.

Chapter 6
Using The following diagram shows the simplest example of using the WCS.
WCS The part is drawn in the top plane. The XY axes of the part are aligned
with Mastercam coordinate system. Spindle +Z motion is away from the
part.
In this case, all you have to do is make sure the Top WCS is active and
that the WCS Work Offset value is set to output the correct fixture offset
for your setup.
Item Definition
Datum Upper-left corner of stock cut and milled to size.
X-Axis The X-Axis is parallel to the fixed vise jaw. The origin of
the X-axis is set by the vise stop.
Y-Axis The Y-Axis origin is set by the fixed vise jaw.
Z-Axis The Z-Axis is set as the finished face of the part.
G54 Machine fixture offset to assign to this operation.
6-12 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
To use WCS as shown in the previous illustration, do the following: Using

WCS
Step 1: Select WCS from the Status Bar.
Step 2: Select View Manager.
Step 3: Make sure the TOP view is highlighted, and that the C(Cplane),
T(Tplane) and D(Display) columns are active as shown below. If not,
double-click on the TOP row and then click on the = sign under Set
current view and origin.
Step 4: Set the Work Offset # to 0. This activates and sets Work Offsets
(G54 on most machines).
Step 5: Add a note to the Comment: section to help identify the WCS
use. A good practice is to put the name of the fixture offset in this field.
1. Click
on Top
2. Set Fixture
Offset
To shift the machining datum from the top to the bottom, use the Enable
origin switch and enter the distance from the top to the bottom of the part.
For example, assuming this part is .5 inches thick, enter -.5 in the Z field to
shift the datum from top to bottom.

Chapter 6
User-Defined To flip the part up in the vise as shown in the illustration below, use a
WCS User-Defined WCS.
Any method to define a WCS can be used, but since the new WCS is
parallel to the Front view, an easy method would be to simply copy the
pre-defined Front WCS, then shift the origin of this new WCS to the
corner that defines the new machining datum.
Item Definition
Datum Upper-left corner of the front face of the part.
X-Axis The X-Axis is parallel to the fixed vise jaw. The origin of
the X-axis is set by the vise stop.
Y-Axis The Y-Axis origin is set by the fixed vise jaw. This setup
changes from step jaws to hard jaws, so this datum is shifted
+Y from the previous setup.
Z-Axis The Z-Axis is set as the finished face of the front of the part.
The Z-datum is shifted +Z from the previous setup.
G55 Machine fixture offset to assign to this operation.
6-14 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
To copy the Front view and shift the origin of the WCS, do the following: Copy
WCS
Step 1: Click on WCS, View Manager.
Step 2: Highlight the Front View, then click on Copy. Right click, select
Rename, and name the new WCS to G55.
Step 3: Click on the = sign under Set current view and origin. This sets
the Cplane and Tplane to the new WCS.
Step 4: Click on the arrow under Enable origin and pick the new datum as
shown below.
Y
X
Z
Step 5: Change the Work Offset# 1 to output G55 in the NC file.

Chapter 6
Step 6: Click on Update graphics view when WCS changes. This

makes all Gview selections in relation to the new WCS, not the
Mastercam coordinate system. For example, the illustration below shows
the part in the ISO view.
Step 7: Click on Accept. Notice that WCS in the View/Plane Manager

shows *G55. The * indicates that the origin of the WCS has been shifted.
One of the most simple and reliable ways to define a WCS is using the WCS
by geometry option and picking lines that represent the X and Y axis of the
fixture offset. This works identical to the Planes by geometry function
discussed in Chapter 4.
If needed, draw lines in a separate color to define the new WCS. Put them
on a separate layer. This method helps you to clearly visualize location and
orientation of the new WCS before you create it.
6-16 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The last step before creating tool paths is to tell Mastercam about where Toolpath
your files are located, how to manage tools, and the job stock size. Properties
Optionally, a machine safety zone can be defined.
All these are controlled by the Properties list in the Operations Manager.
The operations manager should appear at the left edge of your computer
screen after selecting a Machine Type.
Your screen should look like it does below. If you dont see the Operatins
Manager, it is likely hidden from view. Use [ALT-O] to toggle back on.
If the Properties list is not expanded as shown in the illustration below,

click on the (+) sign to the left of the Properties icon. The sign will switch
to (-) and the items underneath Properties will display.
Click to
Expand Alt + O to Toggle
the Operations
Manager On/Off
Operations Manager Toolpath Properties
Item Definition
Files Sets filenames and paths for the Group.
Tool settings Sets NC Program number how Speeds and Feeds are
calculated, block numbering, and more.
Stock setup Sets the shape, size, and location of the stock material.
Safety zone Defines areas outside of which tool motion is not allowed.

Chapter 6
Properties- The Toolpath properties Files dialog box is shown below. In most cases,
Files
you can simply ignore this dialog box and accept the defaults.
Item Definition
Group Name Optional name for group helps you identify operations.
Toolpath name Path and name of posted NC file.
Group comment Optional comments.
Machine Machine settings were loaded when you selected
a Machine Type, but can be changed here.
Tool Library Libraries and defaults are set in the Tools,
Configuration, Files menu but can be changed.
Operation Library Operations library path and name.
Output Comments Optional comments to output in the NC Program.
to NC file
6-18 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The Tool Settings dialog box is shown below. Most users can accept the Properties-
Tool settings
defaults for these settings.
Item Definition
Program # Sets the program number to be output in the NC file.
Feed Calculation Sets how recommended speeds and feeds are calculated.
Toolpath Sets how tool numbers are assigned and other tool
Configuration number and tool parameters are set.
Advanced options Override defaults (set in Operations Defaults library).
Sequence # Sets how block numbers are output in the NC file.
Material Pick a material library for Mastercam to use to
recommend cutting speeds and feeds based on material
properties.

Chapter 6
Properties- The Stock Setup dialog box is shown below. Stock definitions are used
Stock setup by the toolpath verification, so it is important to define your stock. An
easy way to define rectangular stock is to first draw it and then use Select
corners.
Item Definition
Shape Select shape definition. Solid prompts to select a solid
body from the graphic area. File lets you select any and
STL, IGES, or other CAD data file.
Display Select how shape is displayed. XYZ values set the size
of the stock. Click and drag the arrow to indicate the
corner used as the stock origin.
Stock Origin Used to offset the stock from the corner selected above.
Click and drag the tip of the Stock Origin arrow to the
location of the stock origin for the part setup.
6-20 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The Safety Zone dialog box is shown below. Safety zones are most often Properties-
used with multi-axis machining to help prevent machine/material Safety zone
collisions. Most users can disable this function.
Item Definition
Shape Select shape definition and size.
Display Safety Display Safety Zone draws the zone in the graphic area.
Zone
Fit Screen to Changes zoom to the extents of the safety zone.
Safety Zone
Extend Z Causes Z setting to mean a Z value.
Negative

Chapter 6
Drill Add toolpaths to your operations list. Drill toolpaths are selected from
Toolpaths Toolpaths on the Menu or from the 2D Toolpaths toolbar.
Toolpath Definition
Drill Used to drill wireframe geometry; usually arcs or points.
Auto drill Automated hole processing for wireframe geometry.
FBM drill Feature recognition drilling for solid geometry.
6-22 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The next step is to select geometry used to control the tool paths. Drill Wireframe
Drilling
operations usually use arc centers or points. Select these using the Drill
Point Selection dialog box. This dialog box appears after selecting the
Drill toolpath function.
Pick Points
Select Wireframe
Drill Locations
Create Pattern
of Holes

Chapter 6
Item Definition
Pick Points Individually select points using the cursor. This function
also works on the centers of solid holes.
Automatic Pick a string of geometric points by selecting the first,
second and last point.
Entities Select entities on the screen. This function picks points,
the endpoints of lines and splines, and the centers of
selected arcs.
Window Points Window select geometric points.
Mask on Arc Pick arcs by matching a selected arc diameter.
Diameter shows the value to match. This is set by
clicking on an arc in the graphic area.
Tolerance sets the arc matching tolerance.
Subprograms Lets you select a previously created drill toolpath and
apply the new operation to its points. Subprograms are
created for both operations to reuse the point locations.
Sorting Sorting optimizes drill toolpaths.
2D sort optimizes toolpaths in a zigzag pattern.
Rotary sort optimizes toolpaths in a circular
pattern.
Cross sort optimizes drill toolpaths in a 4th axis
rotary pattern.
Last Reuses the last set of geometry selected for a toolpath
operation. This is useful for reselecting holes for multiple
operations.
Edit Edit selected drill points.
Pattern Create a grid or circular array of drill locations.
These settings are similar to the Xform copy functions and

use the same angle definitions. Refer to Mastercam help if
you need assistance.
Filter out Ensures duplicate locations are not drilled more than once.
duplicates
Depending on how Mastercam is configured, the prompt Enter new NC

name may appear after selecting Toolpaths. To avoid this, set the option:
Settings, Configuration, Toolpath Manager, NC File. Disable Prompt and let
Mastercam automatically name the NC file the same as the MCX file.
6-24 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
To select the center of all arcs for a center drill operation you could Wireframe
proceed as follows. Drill
Locations
Step 1: Select Toolpaths, Drill toolpath.
Step 2: On Drill Point Selection dialog, select Entities.
Step 3: Set the General Selection toolbar to Only, Arcs, Accept, and then
window select just the arcs to drill as shown below.
Window Select
Step 4: Select End Selection (the green stop sign) on the General
Selection toolbar.
Step 5: Click on Sorting. Make sure Filter out duplicates is on. This
ensures Mastercam will not drill holes modeled with concentric arcs twice.
Choose a 2D sort method, and select Accept.
Step 6: Select Accept to leave the Drill Point Selection dialog box.
Mastercam now knows all holes to drill and the order you want to drill
them.

Chapter 6
New for X4 all the 2D Toolpaths have been converted to this new style.
The different settings are now found down the left side of the window.
Toolpath This dialog box appears after selecting the drill point geometry and is used
Type for all the drill related tool paths. This is where you select a tool path you
wish to use. As well you can add or reselect the geometry which you wish
to use with the drill tool path.
6-26 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Select Tool to choose a tool for the drill toolpath. You can choose a tool Tool
from the library built into Mastercam. Here we can set the Feed rate,
Spindle speed, this can also be done using FPT and SFM.
Tool List
Click here to select a Right Click here to

Tool from the Library Define a New Tool
Dont be overwhelmed by the number of settings on this dialog box. Most of

these are set automatically from the tool, material and operations libraries.
Once you work with Mastercam a short time, you will see that it offers the
best of both worlds: easy of use but with the flexibility needed to machine
parts exactly the way you want.

Chapter 6
Item Definition
Tool Library Lists all tools in the active tool library with their
assigned names, numbers and cutting parameters. Right
click with the mouse in this area to define a tool that is
not in the library.
Filter active Limits the list of displayed tools to only those which
match the filter criteria
Tool Filter Select the button to activate the tool filter. Only the tools
which meet the criteria will be displayed.
Tool dia. Tool diameter. Dont change this diameter. Either pick
or define a tool of the proper size.
Corner radius Corner radius for a bull nose mill, radius of the tool for a
ball nose cutter.
Tool name Name assigned the tool in the tool library.
Tool # Tool number assigned in the NC file: 1= T1, 2=T2, etc.
Head # Specify the head to use on multi-head machines. Used
mostly by wood routers. Most users can ignore this
setting.
Len. offset Tool length offset register assigned in the NC file: 1=H1,
2=H2, etc.
Dia. offset Diameter offset register assigned in the NC file: 1=D1,
2=D2, etc.
Feed rate Programmed feed rate in in/min or mm/min.
Spindle speed Programmed spindle speed.
FPT The amount of feed per tooth. Based on the number of
flutes in the tool definition.
SFM The amount of material removed displayed in surface
feet per minute or surface meters per minute.
Plunge rate Sets the feed rate Mastercam uses when plunging into the
part. This is usually the tool movement in the negative Z
direction.
Retract rate Retract rate if Rapid retract is turned off.
Rapid retract Ignore retract rate and use rapid (G0) to retract tool.
Force tool change When the same tool is used in successive operations,
causes a tool change so an event can be trigged between
operations.
Comment User comment. Can be displayed in the toolpath history
line or output in the NC file.
Tool The tool will automatically retract at a regular interval.
Inspection/change This will allow the machine operator check the tool for
excessive wear.
6-28 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Holder lets you define the tool holder to be used in the operation. You can Holder
also create a holder, load a holder from a library or edit a holder once it
has been selected. Holder definitions allow you to model the tool holder
geometry so you can check it for gouge checking.
Item Definition
Open library Opens Libraries with holders.
New library Lets you create a library with holders.
Save library Lets you save the list of holders to a library. You can either
select or enter a new library name.
New holder Adds a new holder to the list with a default name.
Clearance on Select this option to apply the Holder clearance value to the
holder bottom of the holder.
bottom
Holder Mastercam uses this value when gouge checking the toolpath
clearance against the holder. Mastercam will ensure the tool holder will
stay at least this distance from the model.
Segment Displays the dimensions of the highlighted segments.
Properties
New segment Adds a new segment to the bottom of the list.

Chapter 6
Cut Cut Parameters allow you select the drill cycle and enter basic drilling
Parameters parameters for the toolpath.
Item Definition
Cycle Pick the drill cycle to use. This list is set by the machine
definition. A list of the most common drill cycles and their
settings are included in this chapter.
Custom Used to create more complex cycles that use additional
parameters parameters. Most users can ignore these options all together.
6-30 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Select Linking Parameters to define clearance, retract, top of stock and Linking
hole depth. These values can be set as either absolute or incremental Parameters
values.
The finished diameter is set to 0.5 + 0.03 because we will add a 0.03 chamfer
to the hole. If we accept overwrite depth the calculated depth will replace the
depth which the spot drill has to go to.

Chapter 6
Item Definition
Clearance Initial rapid (safe) height. This is the rapid move before the
drill cycle begins.
Use clearance Use clearance height only with the first rapid and last retract
only move of the tool, not as the tool moves between locations.
Retract Height to begin drilling from and retract tool between moves.
This is the R-parameter value for drilling operations.
Top of Stock Sets reference plane for this operation.
Depth Click the calculator icon to find the depth based on the
Calculator desired spot diameter.
To pick geometric points, distances, and angles from geometry in the graphic
area, click on the button next to a field. For example, to set Depth, click on
the Depth button. Mastercam will minimize the dialog box and allow you to
select a geometry feature in the graphic area.
Tip Comp Tip Comp lets you specify how far the toolpath drills past the final depth
to break though the stock. Enter a positive number only; do not enter a
negative number. Set the break through amount to zero to have
Mastercam calculate the tip compensation only.
6-32 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The rest of the settings are not relevant at this time. If you wish to gain more
knowledge on the settings please see your Mastercam reseller.
Absolute/Incremental settings on the drill parameters page have nothing to Absolute/

do with Absolute/incremental (G90/G91) codes on the machine. Rather, Incremental
they determine how Mastercam calculates depths for this operation.
Absolute means depths are all calculated in reference to the Z0 of the

active WCS. Even if geometry is translated, all depths will remain
unchanged.
Incremental means depths are calculated incrementally from the other
depth values, as described in the chart below.
This setting is used mostly to reduce unnecessary rapid motion. For

example, if some holes in the operations are at the bottom of a pocket, you
do not want to feed the tool from Z0 to reach the holes. Rather, you want
to rapid the tool to just above the hole and then feed from that level to
depth.
These settings can be mixed and matched in many ways and can have
different meanings depending how others are set. Given the common
case, where Clearance and Retract are above Top of Stock, and Depth is
below Top of Stock, here is how these settings work:
Item Absolute Incremental

Clearance Value means the distance above Top of
Stock value.
Retract Value means Value means the distance above Top of
distance Stock value. This is usually used along with
above or Top of Stock set to Incremental.
Top of Stock below WCS Value means the distance above/below depth
Z-zero. of the geometry picked to machine.
Depth Value means the distance above/below depth
of the geometry to machine.

Chapter 6
Since depth settings can be set in different combinations, their meaning

and use can be confusing. The following diagram illustrates the three
most commonly used depth settings. This example shows tip
compensation active:
Rapid Move
All Absolute Feed Move
All Absolute
Clearance==++ 1.0
Clearance 1.0 (Absolute)
(Absolute) Legend
etrac t ==++0.1
Retract
R 0.1(Absolute)
(Absolute)
Top Top
of Sof Stock
tock = =0.0
0.0 (Absolute)
(Absolute) 1 10
Depth ==- 1.5
Depth (Absolute)
-1.5 (Absolute) Z1.0
2 4 5 7 8 Z.1
Z0.
3 6 9
Z-1.5
Changing
Cha ngingRapid
Rapid
Clearance = +1.0 (Absolute)
Clearance + 1.0
Retract = += 0.1 (Absolute)
(Incremental)
TopRof
etrac t = =+0.0
Stock 0.1(Incremental)
(Incremental)
Stock==- 1.50.0
Top ofDepth (Incremental)
(Absolute) 1 12 Z1.0
Depth = -1.5 (Absolute)
2 4 5 8 9 Z.1
Z0.
6
Z-.5
10
Z-1.0
3 7 11
Z-1.5
Changing Ra pid a nd Depth

Changing Rapid and Depth
Clearance==++1.0
Clearance 1.0(Absolute)
(Absolute)
+ 0.1
Retrac t==+0.1
Retract (Incremental)
(Incremental)
TopTop
of S
oftock = = 0.0 (Incremental)
Stock (Incremental) 1 12 Z1.0
Depth==-0.5-0.5
Depth (Incremental)
(Incremental)
2 4 5 Z.1
8 9
Z0.
6
3 Z-.5
10
7 Z-1.0
11
Z-1.5
6-34 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The purpose of the tables and diagrams on the following twelve pages is to
help you understand the meaning of data fields in the Mastercam drill
parameters dialog boxes.
Additional information, such as formulas for calculating tap feeds or dwell

times are provided for your convenience.
If you do not need to review canned cycles, set parameters the way you want
and skip ahead to page 6-51, Operations Manager.
This book assumes you have previously completed a course in CNC operation
and basic programming codes or have equivalent experience before using
Mastercam.
Machine tool languages vary widely from make, manufacturer and even year
of production. Even for the same machine, different companies use slightly
different programming formats and often have very valid reasons for doing
so.
Always refer to the machine tool manufacturers user manual for information
on how to setup, program, and operate your CNC.
In any case where the information in this book conflicts with the user
manual for your machine, you must use the manufacturer
recommendations.
A Drill Cycle, or Canned Cycle, is a command that produces many moves Drill
with just a few parameters. For example, a peck drill cycle can command Cycles
dozens of moves with just a few lines of code.
Supported cycles and parameters vary between machines. Some machines

do not support drill cycles at all, but most support the cycles listed on the
following pages. These examples show a Mastercam drill parameter
screen, diagram of tool motion, and sample NC file for the most common
drill cycles.

Chapter 6
The following is a list of G, M and other codes you are likely to see
related to drill cycles. The following examples use Fanuc-compatible
code, a widely accepted industry standard.
Fanuc Compatible G-Codes Used For Drilling Cycles

Code Definition
F Linear feedrate in inches per minute.
G0 Rapid motion.
G54-G59 Fixture offsets. Allows setting a coordinate system on the part.
G80 Cancel drill canned cycle.
G81 Simple drill cycle.
G82 Counterbore drill cycle.
G83 Peck drill cycle.
G84 Tapping cycle.
G85 Bore cycle.
G90 Absolute coordinate positioning.
G91G28Z0 G91 (Incremental Positioning)
G28 (Return to Reference Home).
These three commands are used together to return the machine
spindle to its most extreme Z-position for a tool change.
G98 Return to Initial Rapid Height between holes. Typically used to
jump over clamps.
G99 Return to R-Plane between holes. Used when there is no
possibility that the tool will collide with clamps or other obstacles.
I For G83 Initial peck increment.
J For G83 Peck reducing amount
K For G83 Minimum peck distance.
M3 Spindle on Clockwise.
M30 End program.
M6 Execute automatic tool change.
M8 Coolant on.
M9 Coolant off.
P For G82 Drill cycles, Dwell time.
For G83 Peck Drill, Peck Clearance Value.
Q For G83 Incremental depth of each peck motion.
S Spindle speed. Used with M3 spindle command. Ex: S3600M3
T Tool number. Used with M6 to load a tool. Ex: T1 M6
6-36 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Simple drill cycles are used to spot drill, spot face, and create shallow Simple
holes. Drill
(G81)

Chapter 6
Simple
Drill
(G81)
6-38 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The following diagram shows motion for a typical G81 drill cycle.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Feed Plane
Top of Hole
Legend
Typical G81 - Drill Cycle Motion
Pos. Code(s) Motion

1 G90 G54 G0 X1. Y1. Absolute positioning, read fixture offset, rapid
in XY from tool change position to above first
hole.
S7300 M3 Turn on spindle CW at 7300 RPM.
2 G43 H1 Z1. M8 Read height offset. Rapid to Clearance Height
(Initial Rapid Height). Turn on coolant.
3 G81 G98 X1. Y1. R1 Rapid to Retract Height (R-value).
4 Z-.15 F9. Feed to Depth at programmed feedrate
5 Rapid to Clearance Height Z (G98).
6 X2. Y2. Rapid above next hole.
7 X3. Y3. Repeat until all holes are drilled.
8 G80 Cancel Drill cycle.
M5 Turn off spindle.
G91 G28 Z0. Rapid retract to machine Z-home position.
M30 End Program

Chapter 6
Counterbore Counterbore cycles are similar to simple drill cycles except they include a
(G82) dwell command to create a clean spot face. Mastercam outputs G82
whenever a Drill/Counterbore is used with a Dwell value.
6-40 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The following diagram shows the motion for a typical G82 Counterbore
cycle.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Feed Plane
1 9 Top of Hole
Legend
2 6 8
7
4,5
Typical G82 - Counterbore Cycle Motion
Pos. Code Motion

1 G90 G54 G0 X1. Y1. Read fixture offset and rapid in XY from tool
change to position above first hole.
3 G82 G98 X1. Y1. Rapid to Retract Height (R-value).
4 P500 R.1 Z-.25 F4.22 Feed to Depth at programmed feedrate.
5 Dwell for .500 seconds.
6 Rapid to Clearance Height Z (G98).
7 X2. Y2. Rapid above next hole.
M30 End Program

Chapter 6
Dwell is used to create a clean spot face or countersink face. Dwell is most
commonly invoked with the P command in a G82 cycle.
P is a measure of time. Some machines express P as decimal seconds. For

example, one half second is expressed as P.500
Many machines require dwell (P) be specified as an integer value in

milliseconds. A millisecond is 1/1000 of a second. It takes 1000
milliseconds to equal one second. For example, P1000 means dwell for one
second.
To convert seconds to milliseconds, multiply the number of seconds X 1000.
For example: Calculate P for .500 seconds dwell.

Solution: (.500 x 1000) = P500
Most Mastercam post processors are set up to allow input of P in

seconds. If your machine requires it, the post automatically converts P
to milliseconds, and outputs the command in the correct integer format.
The spindle should be allowed to turn several rotations at depth to create a

clean spot face.
Dwell time is proportional to spindle speed. Use the following formula to

calculate dwell time based on spindle RPM and the number of revolutions to
dwell:
Seconds Dwell = (60* Revs) / RPM
For example: How many seconds dwell to complete three revolutions at a

spindle speed of 1000 rpm?
Solution: (60 x 3)/1000 = .18 seconds

To find P in milliseconds: (.18 x 1000) = P180
6-42 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Peck drill cycles alternately drill and retract the tool to promote cooling Peck Drill
and prevent binding in the hole and breaking. (G83)
Peck drill cycles can be written as show above using P,Q parameters (Peck
Drill) or using I, J, K (Deep Hole Peck Cycle).
The latter is used for deeper holes where the peck amount is reduced with
each peck move.

Chapter 6
The following diagram shows the motion for a typical G83 Peck Drill
cycle using P, Q parameters.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Feed Plane
1 Top of Hole
Legend
2
9
3 5
Q P 6
4
Q P
7
Q
8
Typical G83 - Peck Drill Cycle (P, Q)

Pos. Code Motion
1 G90 G54 G0 X1. Y1. Read fixture offset and rapid in XY from tool
change to position above first hole.
3 G83 G98 X1. Y1. P.02 Rapid to Retract Height (R-value).
4 Q.15 R.1 Z-.25 F4.11. Feed down .15 (Q).
5 Rapid retract to R.1
6 Rapid feed to .02 above previous cut (P).
7 Feed down another .15. Repeat until Z depth is
reached, then retract to R.1.
8 X2. Y2. Rapid above next hole, repeat cycle until all
holes are drilled.
M30 End Program
6-44 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Most modern machines support rigid tapping. Older machines may Tapping
require tapping heads that require special setup and feed calculations. Be (G84)
sure to provide additional rapid clearance (R) when tapping to allow the
machine spindle to reach full speed before engaging the hole.
Most modern controls automatically lock out the manual feed and speed
override dials on the machine control during tapping cycles. This is done to
prevent breaking or stripping the tap. Some older machines required the use
of special M-codes before and after the cycle to lock out the speed/feed
overrides.

Chapter 6
The following diagram shows the motion for a typical G84 Rigid Tapping
cycle.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Feed Plane
Top of Hole
1
Legend
2 7
8,9
3 6
4,5
Typical G84 - Tapping Cycle
Pos. Code(s) Motion

hole.
4 R.25 Z-1.25 F53.48 Feed to Depth at programmed feedrate.
5 Stop and reverse spindle.
6 Feed back to Rapid Height R.
7 Rapid to Initial Rapid Height (G98).
M30 End Program
6-46 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Most machines support several bore cycles. The most commonly used is Bore In-Out
G85, where the tool feeds to depth and then back to the R-plane. (G85)
G85-G89 are usually reserved for bore cycles. The number of cycles
supported, their G-code assignment, and the cycle parameters tend to vary
greatly between machines and manufacturers. Check with your CNC
Programming Manual for the specific codes to operate your machine.

Chapter 6
The following diagram shows the motion for a simple G85 Bore Feed
In/Feed Out cycle.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Feed Plane
Top of Hole
1
Legend
2 7,8
6
3
5
Typical G85 - Bore Cycle (Feed In/Feed Out)
Pos. Code(s) Motion

hole.
4 R.25 Z-1.1 F50 Feed to Depth at programmed feedrate.
5 Feed back to Rapid Height R.
M30 End Program
6-48 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The Initial Rapid Height is set as the Z-value in the block just before the Rapid Height
drill cycle is called (N4). The Rapid Height is set by the R-parameter in G98/G99
the drill cycle. G98/G99 controls whether the tool retracts to the Initial
Rapid Height or the Rapid Height.
Rapid Move
Feed Move
Initial Plane
Rapid Plane
Feed Plane
1
12 Top of Hole
2 5 6 Legend
7 9 10 11
3
4 8
Sample NC Program
N1 T1 M6
N2 G90 G54 G0 X1. Y1.
N3 S7300 M3
N4 G43 H1 Z1. M08
N5 G81 G98
X1. Y1. R.1 Z-1.1 F17.
N6 G99
X2. Y2.
N7 X3. Y3.
N8 X4. Y4.
N9 G80
N10 M9
N11 M5
N11 G91 G28 Z0.
N12 M30

Chapter 6
Pos. Code(s) Motion

hole.
3 G81 G98 X1. Y1. R.1 Rapid to Retract Height (R-value).
4 Z-1. F4.28 Feed to Depth at programmed feedrate.
6 G99 X2. Y2. Rapid above next hole at Initial Rapid Height.
7 Rapid to Retract Height (R-value).
8 Feed to Depth.
9 Return to Retract Height (G99)
10 X3 Y3 Drill all remaining holes retracting to R-value
unless G98 is called.
11 X4 Y4
M30 End Program
G98 (Return to Initial Rapid Height) is most often used to jump clamps and
other obstacles.
G99 (Return to R-Plane) reduces unnecessary rapid motion when no

obstacles exist.
G98/G99 control the retract height for the block of code it is located. It is
modal and remains in affect until the other retract code is called or the drill
cycle ends.
For example, to jump over a clamp between the points X3.Y3. and X4.Y4,
command the following: G98 X3.Y3.
6-50 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Once all information in the tool path parameter screen has been entered, Operations
Manager
select Accept. Mastercam will create the toolpath and add a folder for the
operation in the Operations Manager.
Toolpath Controls Resize

Window
Machine Group
Toolpath Group
Operation Folder
Parameters
Tool Definition
Geometry
Toolpath
Toolpaths Manager
RMB Click

Chapter 6
The Operations Manager is used to manage, simulate, and generate NC

code for machining operations. The organization of the Operations
Manager is easier to understand if the Group properties and Toolpath
Folders are not expanded.
Machine Group
Toolpath Group
Operation Folders
To summarize:
Each job belongs to a Machine Group that tells Mastercam which
machine/control is used.
Toolpaths belong to a Toolpath Group
Toolpaths are stored in individual Operation Folders.
The following rules apply to the Operations Manager:

You only have to make a new Machine Group if you move the part
from one machine to another (for example, from a Mill to a Wire
EDM).
You can have as many Toolpath Groups as you want.
Each toolpath you create results in a new Operation Folder being
added to your list of operations.
Toggle the Operations Manager on or off by selecting [Alt + O] on the

computer keyboard. Resize the pane by clicking and dragging the
mouse over the border separating the pane from the Mastercam
drawing space.
6-52 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Item Definition
Toolpath Control regeneration of toolpaths after making changes,
Controls Backplot, Verify, Post Processing, and more. A complete
description of these controls is included later in this chapter.
Machine A part is programmed on a specific type, make, model, and
Group configuration of machine and control. For example, a part
can be first turned on a Lathe, then milled on a VMC, and
then have a feature cut on a Wire EDM. Any or all of these
could appear in this list.
The Machine Group was created when you selected a

Machine Type (page 6-6).
Group Each Machine Group has the following properties. If you
Properties dont see this list, click on the Group Properties icon.
Files: Sets filenames and paths for the Group.
Tool settings: Sets NC Program number how Speeds and
Feeds are calculated, block numbering, and more.
Stock Setup: Lets Mastercam know the shape, size, and
location of the stock material.
Safety zone: Defines areas outside of which tool motion is
not allowed.
Toolpath A collection of tool paths that are logically related.
Group
For example, you might have a separate Toolpath Group for
each part setup, with the group containing all tool paths to
complete that operation.
Operation A discreet machining operation. Each operation consists of
Folder the following:
Parameters: Information about how the tool is controlled.
Tool Definition: Information about the tool used.
Geometry: A list of the geometry selected to control the tool
motion.
Toolpath: The result of all of the above. This file is post
processed to create the G/M code file to run your machine.

Chapter 6
Toolpath The Toolpath Control dialog box is shown below.

Controls
Select All Operations
Select Dirty Operations
Regenerate All Operations
Regenerate Dirty Operations
Backplot
Verify
Post Process
Highfeed
Delete Ops, Groups and Tools
Help
Only Display Associative Geometry

Display Only Selected Toolpaths
Scroll Window to Make Insert Arrow Visible
Move Insert Arrow After Op or Group
Move Insert Arrow Up
Move Insert Arrow Down
Toggle Posting Selected Operations
Toggle Toolpath Display
Lock Operations
The following table gives a short description of the toolpath controls. Dont
get bogged down trying to learn every function on this list now.
Many of these controls are discussed throughout this and other chapters as
needed.
Step-by-Step exercises provide additional practice in using the Operations

Manager.
Once you finish this book and create a couple of programs, you will be skilled
in using this pane.
6-54 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Item Definition
Select All Selects all operations in the list. Selected operations have
Operations a green check mark over the folder. Toggle individual
folders on/off by holding down the ALT key and clicking
on the folder. Select a series of folders by holding down
the SHIFT key and clicking on the first and last folders
in the series.
Select Dirty Dirty operations are operations where the toolpath must
Operations be regenerated, or recalculated, due to a change in
geometry, tool, or certain parameters like cut depths.
Dirty operations are indicated with a red X over the
Toolpath icon.
Regenerate Regenerate all operations.
All Operations
Regenerate Dirty Regenerate only dirty operations.
Operations
Backplot Simulate machining operations using wireframe
Backplot. Only selected operations are backplotted.
Tip: Backplot a single operation by clicking on the

Toolpath icon in that operations folder. Verify a toolpath
by right clicking on this icon.
Verify Simulate machining operations using Solid Modeling
technology.
Post Process Create a G-code file for the selected operations.
High feed Execute the Mastercam High feed function to optimize
program feed rates. This requires special setup and
machine tests, and should be used by experienced users
only.
Delete Ops, Permanently deletes your operations, groups, and tools.
Groups, and Warning: Undo does NOT work for this function.
Tools
Lock Locks operation so the toolpath will not be regenerated.
Operation
Toggle Toolpath Toggle wireframe toolpath display on or off for the
Display selected operation. This helps reduce screen clutter and
graphic redraw time, particularly when working on
complex or large files.
Tip: [ALT-T] toggles toolpath display for all operations.

Chapter 6
Toggle Posting When active, this operation will be ignored when

This Operation posting. This is usually used by power users when
the only purpose of a toolpath is to create another
toolpath. For example, toolpaths to machine
letters can be projected onto surfaces
Move Insert The red Insert arrow shows where the next tool path
Arrow Down operation will be inserted in the list. This function
moves the arrow down one folder.
Move Insert Move the insert arrow up one folder.
Arrow Up
Move Insert Moves the arrow below the last selected operation or
Arrow After Op or group.
Group
Scroll Window to Scrolls the operations list so that insert arrow appears
Make Insert Arrow at the bottom of the screen.
Visible
Display Only Displays only highlighted toolpaths.
Selected Toolpaths
Only Display Displays geometry in the graphics area only if it is
Associative Geometry used to create the selected toolpaths.
Tip: This is a great function that reduces screen

clutter making it easy to isolate and manipulate only
geometry affecting the operation of interest. It is
highly recommended that you learn and use this
function.
If running a dual monitor setup, consider resizing the window so that the
Operations Manager pane and Mastercam Menu is on one monitor, and the
Mastercam drawing workspace is on the other.
Power
User This maximizes graphic workspace and allows you to view all information in
the machining history tree.
6-56 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Few programs are written start to finish with no changes. A toolpath Changing
parameter may have been set incorrectly. You might discover a more Toolpaths
efficient way of doing things that saves time and money.
Programs written by hand could take hours or days to change, but only
seconds in Mastercam using the Operations Manager. Here is a list of
common changes and how to make them:
To Do How
Update a 1. Click on Parameters in the folder of the toolpath to
toolpath change.
Parameter 2. Change any parameters.
3. Select OK.
4. Click on a Regenerate operations
Change order 1. Click and hold down the left mouse button on the folder
of operation to move.
2. Drag operation to where you want it in the list.
3. Release the left mouse.
Renumber 1. Click on the toolpath group to select all operations.
tools 2. Right click to open flyout menu.
3. Select Edit selected operations.
4. Select Renumber tools
5. Complete the Renumber tools dialog box.
There is a lot to know about the Toolpath Manager and the more you know
the better. It includes many features that can make your job easier and more
efficient. This book provides an overview of the Toolpath Manager and the
essential skills you need to make parts, but there is more to learn if you have
the time.

Chapter 6
Point Geometry for any tool path operation can be changed by clicking on the
Manager word Geometry in any tool path folder. Drill toolpaths use the following
Point Manager:
Select Geometry
Insert Arrows
RMB Click
Item Definition
Point list Shows list of geometry used in this drill operation in the
order originally picked.
Select Geometry Highlight an item in the list by clicking on the object in
the graphic area.
Insert Arrow Insert arrow position controls.
Add points Add more points to drill.
Reselect all Select all new drill points.
Sort options Change sort options.
Delete points Delete highlighted point(s) from list.
Reselect 1 Reselect the highlighted point.
Change at point Change jump height (G98/G99) or add optional stop or
other canned text before, with or after the highlighted
point.
Entity properties Change the properties, like color or level, of the selected
point(s).
Rename Change the name of a point in the list.
6-58 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Backplot simulates machining operations with a wireframe animation of Backplot

tool motion. Backplot tool paths by selecting them and then click on the
Backplot icon. The Backplot VCR Control bar will appear at the top
edge of the graphic area.
Play
Stop
Step Controls
Trace & Run Mode
Display Speed
Visible Motion Position
Toolpath
Position
Slider
Conditional Stops
Item Definition
Backplot VCR Used to control backplot animation play, stop, and speed.
Control These controls work just like your VCR.
Run/Trace Mode Run mode draws the toolpath as the tool moves around
the part. Trace mode displays all the toolpath and
animates the tool along this path.
Display Speed Change the speed of the animation. This can be changed
at any time, even when the animation is running.
Visible motion Displays color for each operation. At any time, you can
position drag the slider on this bar to move the tool position along
the toolpath.
Toolpath position Shows the relative position of the animation. Click on
slider the slider and drag left-right to show the tool at any point
along the path.
Conditional stops Set conditions where the animation will pause. Select
the Play button to continue the animation.

Chapter 6
Mastercam has extensive control over Backplot speed and appearance.

Show Info and Details
Display with Colour Codes
Display Tool
Display Holder
Display Rapid Moves
Display Endpoints
Quick Verify
Options
Save as Geometry
Save Tool Geometry
Turn Off Restrict Drawing
Restrict Drawing
To start, try setting Options as shown as above and use the following
Backplot settings. Leave all other settings off.
Item Recommended Setting

Display Tool On
Display Holder Off, unless in the Iso, Front, or Side views.
Display rapid On
moves
Display Endpoints Off
Quick Verify On only if in Top view.
Toolpath slider Click and drag the slider to advance the toolpaths
6-60 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Item Definition
Expand Show screens to show toolpath Info and Edit dialog
(Show Info and boxes.
Edit Screens) Info provides cycle time, toolpath length and
XYZ extents.
Edit allows you to move a motion point or
change cutter compensation and feed rate.
Display with When active, wireframe toolpaths are different colors
color codes based on tool.
Display tool Show the tool, as defined in the Define Tool dialog
boxes. Any tool shape can be displayed. You can draw
form cutters and Mastercam will display them during
Backplot and verification.
Display holder Show the holder, as defined in the Define Tool dialog.
Display rapid Show rapid moves; usually moves between cuts. By
moves default, rapid moves are yellow, but this can be changed
in the Options, Appearance dialog box.
Display Draws a small white dot at the end of every arc and line
endpoints move.
Quick verify Shows a colored path where the tool cuts. This is useful
for making sure the tool cleaned up an area.
Options Backplot display options.
Save Tool Save profile of tool as geometry.
Geometry
Save as Geometry Saves toolpath as lines and arcs. Recommended for
advanced users only.
Restrict Drawing Removes all plotted toolpaths from screen, so only those
next back plotted toolpath will be displayed.
Remove Restrict Reverts back to displaying all tool paths.
Drawing

Chapter 6
Backplot To Backplot a single toolpath, proceed as follows:
Step 1: Click on the Toolpaths tab on the Toolpaths/Solids manager. If

the Toolpaths/Solids manager is not displayed on the left side of the
graphic area, open it by selecting [Alt-O].
Step 2: Select the operation(s) to Backplot.
Step 3: If Backplotting a single operation, you can pick on the backplot

icon in the Operation, Toolpath item. Otherwise, click on the Backplot
icon at the top of the operations list.
Backplot All
Selected Operations
Checked Operations
will be Back plotted
Backplot a Single
Operation
Step 4: Set Backplot parameters. Here are the most common settings.
Turn Display holder off if viewing from the top as it will obscure the tool
display.
6-62 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Step 5: Use the Backplot VCR controls to control the simulation process:
Use the Play button to start the animation.
Control the speed of the animation using the Run Speed slider bar.
Fly the tool along its path using the Visible motion position slider bar.
The following example shows a wireframe Backplot of a drilling operation

with tool shading on. By default, rapid moves are shown in yellow and
feed moves are cyan.

Chapter 6
Verify Verify serves the same general purpose as backplot making sure your
program error-free and optimal. Verify uses solid modeling technology to
provide a shaded image of the stock and machining operations. This
improves visualization and offers more complete analysis of the
machining operations.
Verify
Verify VCR Controls

Tool and Holder
Tool
Measure
Accurate Zoom
Options
Save Stock as File
Slice
Verify Speed
Operation Info
6-64 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The following is a brief description of the Verify dialog box.
Item Definition
Verify VCR Used to control Backplot animation play, stop, and
Controls speed. These controls work just like your VCR.
Turbo Mode Turbo is used mostly to verify large files. Tool
animation is disabled and only the finished result is
displayed. This is much faster than non-turbo mode.
Moves/step Set number of tool moves displayed each time you
choose the Step button.
Moves/refresh Sets number of tool moves before the screen refreshes.
Applies only to Turbo mode.
Speed-Quality Sets balance between verification speed vs. image
quality.
Update after Shows the stock after each toolpath.
each toolpath
Stop Options Sets conditions where the animation will pause. Select
the Run button to proceed.
Verbose Displays additional details about the machine state as
you step through each move or when the verification
pauses. An example is shown in the next illustration.
Configure Opens the Configure dialog box. Items on this dialog are
discussed on the following pages.
Slice Displays stock cross section.
Verify Speed Speed of verification in non-turbo mode.
Operation Info Shows information about the current operation.
Measure Measure features on the part after verification.
Accurate Zoom Smoothes surfaces on a close-up of the part model. Only
available in TrueSolid Turbo mode.
Save Stock Save stock after verification as an STL file. This file can
As File be used as the beginning stock for subsequent
verification. For example, you can verify one side of the
part, save the stock as a file, and then use this as the
stock for the machining the other side.

Chapter 6
Verbose displays a ribbon bar showing coordinate and other information

of the tool tip as it moves along the toolpath.
6-66 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
The Verify Configure dialog box is shown here with the most commonly
used settings and a description of those you are likely to change. To learn
more, refer to the Help files.

Chapter 6
Item Definition
Stock Cylinder and Box work like the Properties stock setup.
Shape
File allows you select a CAD file (STL, IGES, MCX, etc.) as
a stock definition. For example, a casting can be defined so
the stock represents the actual part.
Use Uses solid modeling technology for toolpath simulation.
TrueSolid Allows rotation and zoom to more closely check features.
Cutter comp Use this setting if you use Control compensation type.
in control
Boundaries Provides many ways to define the box or cylinder stock size.
Compare to Write an STL file of the finished part; which requires a solid
STL or surface model. After verification, Mastercam will prompt
to select the STL file, and will then compare it with the
verified part. A Color Map indicates areas where the stock
remains or the part is over-cut.
Remove If parts of the stock are cut free from the part, this lets you
Chips choose to delete them from view. This removes the scrap
pieces so the part can be better viewed.
Change Cause Verify to change the color of the tool and where that
tool/color tool cuts.
6-68 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
A Post Processor is the part of a CAM system that actually writes the NC Post
program for your machine. It acts like a kind of language translator; Process
taking the toolpath information in the MCX file and writing it in the exact
format to suite your machine, control, and preferences.
If the post is set up properly, this NC file includes all the codes required to
machine the part, including offsets, coolant codes, tool changes, and
canned cycle parameters.
Item Definition
Active Post The filename of the post processor. This was set when you
selected your machine type, but can be changed in case you
want to run the program on another machine.
Output Enter additional information to be output at the beginning of
Descriptor the NC program as a note to the operator.
NC File This is always checked. If unchecked, you wont get a NC
file.
Overwrite Automatically overwrite an NC of the same filename.
Ask If a NC file exists of the same name, ask if you want to
overwrite.
Edit When finished post processing, read the NC file into the editor.
Send to When finished posting, automatically begin communications to
Machine the CNC machine.
NCI File NCI files are used to debug post processors. You will likely
never use this function.

Chapter 6
Edit The editor is used to check, edit, and communicate the NC file to the
machine tool.
Color code G & M codes.

Search and replace.
Insert, remove, or renumber blocks.
Send and receive files with CNC machine.
Compare files and highlight differences.
Mastercam includes several editors and lets you select any other ASCII text
editor installed on your computer. Pick an editor by clicking on the Editor
button after selecting File, Edit/Open External. Set a default editor using
Settings, Configuration, Start/Exit, Editor.
6-70 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
RS-232 communications is the most common way to transfer NC Communicate

programs to the CNC machine. It is a relatively old and slow standard
compared to some more modern alternatives, but works quite well for
smaller files.
Very large files, like those typical of mold and complex prototypes, may
take a very long time to transmit via serial communications. For example,
a 1MB file will take nearly two minutes to transfer.
Other ways to communicate depend on your machine options, but could

include:
Floppy disc drive (limited to 1.44MB)
Ethernet card
Flash memory
Some machines, especially older CNCs, have very limited memory. In

this case, you may need to DNC the program to the CNC. DNC sends
only part of the program to the CNC at a time but requires the PC remain
in constant communication with the CNC.
These general steps assume your machine, PC, and cable are configured
properly:
Step 1: Get your machine ready to receive.
Step 2: Read the file into CIMCO-EDIT.
Step 3: Select Transmission, Send, and pick the machine name from the
list.
To send a program from the machine back to the computer:

Step 1: In Cimco, select File, New.
Step 2: Select Transmission, Receive Send, and pick the machine name
from the list. Type in a file name to assign the new file.
Step 3: Go to the machine and send the file.

Chapter 6
Most computers use COM1 for transmission. The COM port is a 9-pin Communicate
male connector on the back of your PC. Keep the transmission distance
as short as possible. RS-232 communications work at a maximum
distance of about 100-150 feet.
Make sure all communications parameters on the machine control and

Mastercam match. Most modern machines use the following parameters:
Parameter Setting
Format ASCII
Data bits 7
Parity Even
Stop Bits 1
Baud Rate 9600 or higher. You may have to reduce this at distances
beyond 50 feet for reliable communication.
Flow Control Software (XON/XOFF)
Most machines use a 4-wire shielded cable of the following configuration.

Some pins are tied to each other at the plug, so only three conductors are
used for this cable. Refer to your machine operator manual or contact
your Authorized Mastercam Distributor for assistance.
PC CNC
(9-Pin Male) (25-Pin Female)
2-3
3-3
5-7
7 4
8 5
1 6
4 8
6 20
6-72 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
There are three options available in Mastercam to help automate hole Automated
programming: Hole
Processing
Technology Details
Operation Drill operation libraries are available in the public domain that
Library include common hole types, or you can easily create your own.
Importing a hole from the library adds the operations needed to

manufacture the hole in the Operations Manager. You need to
simply pick the geometry to specify the hole locations, and
may need to update the depths.
Auto drill This function helps automate hole processing of wireframe
entities. The user enters some general parameters, such as hole
type, and Mastercam generates the operations to create the
hole. Since wireframe geometry has very limited knowledge
of the finished hole, usually only the location and finished
diameter, this function is limited.
FBM Drill This function works only on solid geometry. Hole detection is
based on hole characteristics such as blind, through, co-axial,
and holes with split faces. FBM Drill also reads hole data
from solids created with SolidWorks Hole Wizard.

Chapter 6
What In this chapter, you learned how to take a part from CAD to NC code,
You
Learned
which included the following:
How to select a Machine and Control definition.

Use Toolpaths Properties to define stock size, material type, and other
job related parameters.
Select geometry for drilling operations.
Use tool and material libraries.
Understand and properly set drill parameters including cycle type, speed
and feed, cut depth, and rapid height.
Verify the toolpath and make changes as needed.
Post process the program to create an NC code.
Transmit the NC file to the CNC machine using RS-232
communications.
Learning about other tools that may help automate hole processing.
Exercise 6-1: Fixture Plate (see exercise 3-9)

Program, backplot, verify, post, edit, check, and simulate communications
of the NC program to drill all holes in this part.
Exercise 6-2: Array (see exercise 4-2)

Program holes using Mask on Arc selection.
Exercise 6-3: Distributor Manifold (see exercise 4-11)

of the NC program to drill all holes in this part. Use WCS to drill holes on
the part face.
Exercise 6-4: Servo Housing (see exercise 5-1)

of the NC program to drill all holes in this part. Use WCS to drill holes on
the part face.
Exercise 6-5: Solid Drill (see exercise 5-1)

Use Solid Drill to detect and drill holes in the part.
6-74 Mastercam X6
Drill Toolpaths
Notes:

Chapter 6
6-76 Mastercam X6
Thank you for previewing the
Mastercam X6 Handbook Volume 1.
We hope you like what you see. If you havent already, be sure to check out the Table of Contents included at
the beginning of this sample for a full listing of topics covered. If you found this excerpt useful, were certain
the rest of the book will help you along your way to mastering Mastercam.
To thank you for considering our Mastercam Training Solutions,
>> We would like to extend a special offer to you.

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Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 for Mastercam X6

Step by Step are detailed instructions on how to use a specific function or

Try It assigns a task you should be able to successfully complete before

Warning is used to emphasize situations that can cause damage to machines,

Columns on the outside edges of each page and

Useful tips, recommended settings, best practices, and detailed instruction

Click means the same as left click.

Right Click means to click once on the right mouse button.

Options are Mastercam functions selected from the main menu.

Enter means to select the <Enter> key on your computer keyboard.

Press means to press on a keyboard key.

Choose means to select a menu option or button.

Open/Close means to open or close a dialog or information box.

Dialog Box is a window that opens to allow input of information and

A Function is the same as a menu option or command.

When finished with this chapter, you should be able to:

Hole-making is the most fundamental and widely used machining Introduction

operation. In this chapter, you will learn to program holes using

After drawing or importing geometry, you will select a Machine Type.

After Mastercam calculates the toolpath, you simulate the drilling

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-1

Draw or Import Geometry

Select Machine Type

Set Work Coordinate System (WCS)

Set Toolpath Properties

Select Toolpath Geometry

Set Toolpath Parameters

Set Machining Parameters

Communicate Program to CNC

Draw or Import Geometry. Programs begin with geometry that

Select Machine Type. Select a Machine and Control definition that

Set Work Coordinate System (WCS). Set the machining coordinate

Select Toolpath Geometry. Select geometry representing the finish

Set Toolpath Parameters. Tool parameters include tool type, diameter,

Set Machining Parameters. Machining parameters include clearance,

Verify Toolpath. Carefully check your toolpaths before proceeding. If

Post Process. Post processor act like a kind of language translator,

Communicate Program to CNC. Transfer the NC program to the CNC

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-3

Spot Drill Countersink Center

Tap Reamer Counterbore Bore

Tools Used Result Application

Socket Head Cap Screw

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-5

Machine and Control Definitions are explained in detail in Chapter 11.

1. Click on Machine Type

3. Select the Default Milling Machine

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-7

Pre-Defined Mastercam pre-defines the following Work Coordinate Systems parallel to

Launch the WCS menu from the status bar.

User Defined WCS

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-9

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-11

To use WCS as shown in the previous illustration, do the following: Using

Step 2: Select View Manager.

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-13

Step 5: Change the Work Offset# 1 to output G55 in the NC file.

Mastercam Handbook Volume 1 6-15

Step 6: Click on Update graphics view when WCS changes. This

Step 7: Click on Accept. Notice that WCS in the View/Plane Manager

If the Properties list is not expanded as shown in the illustration below,

Operations Manager Toolpath Properties