1. (a) _State the difference between vector and scalar quantities and give TWO examples of each. [3 marks} ©) @_ Using the information shown in Figure 1, complete the table to show the components of the vectors P and Q and the components of P - Q. vector | _x component y component P Q P-Q Figure 1 [4 marks] (i) On the axes below draw a labelled vector through the origin representing the vector P- Q. (Show your calculations in the space next to the diagram). [3 marks] Total 10 marks(@) The graphs in Figure 2 below show how the displacement x and velocity v of an object undergoing uniformly accelerated motion change with time. Under the graphs write the relevant equation and also state what the gradient of each graph represents. u 7 7 Figure 2 Equation Gradient represents (4 marks] (6) @_A balls rolled off a cliff with an initial horizontal velocity of 5 ms“. Derive an equation for the ball’s trajectory (i.e. the relation between its vertical displacement y and its horizontal displacement, x). Use g = 10 m s* in this question. | h | <— 10m—> Figure 3 [4 marks]i) (a) a) (ii) ee Find the height A of the cliff. [2 marks] ‘Total 10 marks State Newton's law of gravitation. Explain the meaning of the term ‘geostationary orbit’. [2 marks]aoe (ii) Whats the angular velocity (in radians per second) of a geostationary orbit? [2 marks} Gil) Calculate the radius of the orbit of a geostationary satellite. [3 marks] ‘Total 10 marks 4, A microwave transmitter is set up behind three vertical aluminium sheets in order to investigate double-slitinterference as shown in Figure 4. A,receiveris moved around a circular path 1 m from the centre of the slits and the maxima and minima of intensity closest to O are observed at points marked Q and P respectively. The effective slit spacing is 8.0 cm. 35em| \P Tem IN ° yooys tanguyurnyy Sem Figure 47 (a) @)_ The perpendicular distance from SO to Q is 35 em. What is the wavelength of the radiation? (3 marks] Gi) Explain the formation of a minimum at P. [2 marks] (iii) Calculate the value of the angle OSP. [3 marks] (®) Ifa block of transparent material with a higher refractive index than air covers one of the slits the interference pattern moves and the “zeroth” maximum is no longer at ©. Explain this [2 marks] ‘Total 10 marks5. (a)_—_Define the refractive index of a material in terms of the speed of waves in that material [1 mark } (6) Light is incident at the boundary between two transparent media with refractive indices n, and n, respectively. Medium 2 Index n, o Medium fa Index n, Figure 5 (Draw lines on the diagram to represent the wavefronts ofthe incident and refracted waves. (In which material do the waves travel faster? Gi) Write an equation relating the refractive indices to the angles ®, and 0, [4 marks}() -9- A fibre optic cable consists of a glass core with refractive index 1.49 and glass cladding with refractive index 1.45 as shown in Figure 6. @ Gi) Gil) (\ 5 cana a a 149 Core Figure 6 O Explain how light is able to travel down the core of the fibre. [1 mark } Calculate the minimum angle of incidence for a ray of light incident on the boundary between the core and the cladding if itis to travel down the fibre. [3 marks] If the cable is bent into a tight curve the light does not emerge at the other end. Explain this.- 10 - 6. One end of an elastic string is connected to a wall and the other to a vibrator with a frequency of 60 Hz as shown in Figure 7. Standing waves are formed with four loops in the 3.0 m between the vibrator and the wall. = Figure 7 (a) Find the wavelength and velocity of the waves on the string. Wavelength Velocity [3 marks]-u- (6) Point X on the string is vibrating up and down with a frequency of 60 Hz. ‘The amplitude of the motion is 4.0 cm. @ (ii) Gi) (iv) Sketch a graph to show how its displacement, y, varies with time, f. ‘ylem 4 ‘ums {1 mark] Calculate the angular velocity, ©, for this vertical motion. {1 mark } Write an equation, using the values given, for the motion of X. {2 marks} Find the maximum acceleration of the point X. (3 marks] ‘Total 10 marksie 7, When a load of 50 N is hung from a spring, it extends by 9.3 cm and the elastic limit is not exceeded. (a) Sketch on the axes below a graph of load versus extension for this spring. Load/N Extension/em [1 mark] (b) Find the spring constant for this spring. (3 marks} (© Calculate the strain energy stored in the spring when a load of 30 N is hung from it. (4 marks] (@)__ When the 30 N Joad is hung on the spring it loses gravitational potential energy. Explain why this loss of potential energy is NOT equal to the strain energy in the spring. [2 marks] ‘Total 10 marks-13- (a) 200 g of water at 26 °C are placed in the freezing compartment of a refrigerator. After some time the temperature of the ice formed is found to be -16 °C. Sketch a graph on the axes below to show the variation of temperature with time. ‘Temperature| Time [3 marks] (b) (i) The freezer extracts heat at an average rate of 80 J s'. How long does it take for the temperature to go down to 0 °C? [3 marks] (ii) How long does it take to freeze the water after the temperature has reached 0 °C? [3 marks] (©) What changes in internal energy take place during the freezing process? (1 mark } ‘Total 10 marks% @ ae Discuss why the following materials are used in the construction of a solar panel for a domestic hot water supply, as shown in Figure 8 wo Gi) ii) Blackened copper base plate D-shaped copper pipe Styrofoam Figure 8 Copper pipes and collector plate Black paint > = a-15- (iv) Styrofoam [5 marks] (6) In the Caribbean most solar water heaters do not have a pump to circulate the water. Describe how the water circulates in these systems with no pump. [2 marks] (© A solar panel receives radiation with an average intensity of 800 Wm’? and it is 60% efficient in transferring this energy to the water. What area of panel would be needed for it to be equivalent to a 900 W heater? [3 marks} Total 10 marks END OF TEST