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TRUCK TIRE TYPES AND ROAD CONTACT PRESSURES - Yap PDF
TRUCK TIRE TYPES AND ROAD CONTACT PRESSURES - Yap PDF
by
Pedro Yap
Senior Design Engineer
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
June 1989
ABSTRACT
Meeting the changing requirements of the trucking industry has
resulted in the development of new tire concepts and sizes. The
contact pressures developed at the interface of the tire and
roadway are an important consideration in the truck tire
design/development process. Critical tire performance properties
affecting the economics and safety of the truck operation are
impacted by the interaction between the tire and roadway. The
magnitude and distribution of the tire contact pressures produced
are a function of tire factors and various operational param-
eters. Results of a laboratory study to determine the effect of
the primary operational parameters of load and inflation on tire
contact pressures are presented. Key tire sizes are addressed.
INTRODUCTION
MECHANICAL ENDURANCE
NOISE BRUISE
ROLLING RESISTANCE CUTTING, CRACKING, It TEARING
TIRE CONTACT PRESSURE
- - -
1'-'1 :....:
-"l~----------5E _u ___ _
A STRAIN GAGE
LOCATION
-T""""
LOAD
~ 15
VI
..0
10
w
U
a:::
~ 5
I-
U
I-
0
Z
o
U -5
-10-t--,.---,--.,----,----,---,----r---r----,
o 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 9
"Y" DIRECTION CONTACT LENGTH (IN.)
20
-;- 15
(I)
..0
.::::,..
10
w
U
et:
e 5
I-
U
I-
z
o
U -5
-10-t----,--,--,---,---,---.----._--.------.
o 2 J 456 7 8 9
"X" DIRECTION CONTACT LENGTH (IN.)
w
a:
::l
Vl
Vl
W
a:
Cl.
I-
U
cc
I-
Z
o
U
..J
cc
u.
~~IIIII~
Figure 6 vertical Tire contact Pressure
UJ
a:
iiiij+---
:::l
Cl)
Cl) / CENTER REGION
UJ
a: ~----~
0.
CONTACT LENGTH
-------
250 TYPE 'A' TYPE '8' TYPE 'C' -
100
11R24_~ RAOIAI.-I'I.."
5640 LaS. LOAD
9!5 PSI IN"IJ. TION
I TIRE D@@RJ
TIRE SHAPE
TREAD PATTERN
TIRE DIMENSIONS
I BIAS-PL Y I I RADIAL-PLY I
?u
6 1
.
50
z
o ~\,~.~
~ 1.00 ~~
L.J ~\~\,
-l
L..... ~t>: _ 95 ~S\) _
{\~f\..~--:
L.J
Cl
L.J 0.50
S :
'6\~
0:::
i= .......................................
O.OO-!'=--r----,.---,----r---.---~-.,____,
o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 BOOO
TIRE LOAD (Ibs,)
r - - TREAD ----1-.1
WIDTH
TREAD DESIGN
A. HIGHWAV AlII 11. HIGHWAV LUG
NON-SKID DEPTH
C. ON/OFF HIGHWAV
D. OFF HIGHWAV
(MIXED SEAVICE)
NOMINAL
l--SECTION WIDTH RIM
DIAMETER
11R24.S
385/85R22.5
AIR
VOLUME
(lnch 3)
13,813
9,844
HOT
INFLAnON
(plO
105
130
--
LOAD
(Iba.)
4,250
8,500
CONTACT
AREA
(lnc~)
114 (*)
87
( )
42S/8SR22.5 12,359 120 8,500 90
385/65R22.5 SINGLE (*) Dual Tires
255
250
.......
'iij
~200
t..J
cc:
::l
~'50
t..J
cc:
Cl.
,..'
,..U<
Z
0
U
255
250 250
..-... ..-... 215
'in Vl
~200 ~200
w w
0::: 0:::
::::> 15" ::::>
<11150 (/')1
<11 (/')
w w
0::: 0:::
a... a...
I-- 100 I-- 100
U U
I--
I--
~ 50 ~ 50
U U
0-"-- 0-"--
l1R24.5 215/75RI7.5 385/65R22.5 l1R24.5 2 I 5/75R 17.5 385/65R22.5
DUALS DUALS SINGLE DUALS DUALS SINGLE
INFL: 105 psi 135 psi 130 psi INFL: 105 psi 1.35 psi 130 psi
Inflation Effect
conventional size bias and radial ply tires were tested at
various inflation. pressures to determine how these different tire
types respond with respect to contact pressure (2). Tire load
was held constant at the typical drive/trailer load of 4,250
pounds.- Inflation pressures were varied approximately +/-20 psi
from their rated T&RA condition. Both tires exhibited an
increase in average contact pressure resulting from the reduction
in contact area as inflation pressure increased FIGURE 22.
..100
LOAD = 4250 Ibs.
w
0:::200
::l
(/')
(/')
W
0:::
a..
0 100 ........ _-_._-------_..._-_._-_ ...__._-_._- RADIAL-PLY
<
I- _ - - - - BIAS-PLY
Z
o
U
o+-----~------~----~----~
60 80 100 120 140
INFLATION (psi)
100
RadIal
TYPE 'B'
-
in
~
.----_
w
~
~200
VI
w
~
Q.
.. RADiAl TYPE 'B'
Load Effect
A similar test was conducted to determine how the two tire types
responded to load variation (2). Tire inflation was held
constant at their rated T&RA condition, this did result in a 20
psi difference between the two tires. Load was varied approxi-
mately +/-2,000 pounds, to simulate empty, fully-loaded, and
over-loaded conditions. Both tires exhibited an increase in
average contact pressure with increased tire load, FIGURE 25 .
.300
-'u;
a.
........
INFLATION: BIAS = 75 psi
RADIAL= 95 psi
L.t.J
et: 200
:::>
(/')
(/')
L.t.J
et:
a..
. RADIAL-PLY
0100 ~~~S-PLY
I-
z
o
u
o+-----~------~----~------~
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
LOAD (Ibs.)
:::- 250
~ 250 LOAD (LBS)
w ----6500
a:
~
/I)
-4250
::l 100
100
------ 2500
a:
CL
Radial
TYPE 'B'
300
-.e:.
Vi / .........../ ..... ~.
..... ..........
a::
~200
III
..... RADIAL TYPE'S' ...............
a::
...
Cl..
U
----_L-
RADIAL TYPE 'A' .....
~
Z
........._....................
o
u 100
~
~
~
x~
~
INFl..ATION: SIAS = 75 psi
RADIAL= 95 psi
0+-------------.----------.--------------.----------,
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
TIRE LOAD (LBS)