Professional Documents
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Bits Catalog
Bits Catalog
15-BT-3981
1
Technological Expertise
Innovative Smith Bits technology provides analyses, optimization, and support for every stage of
the drilling program, from planning to execution
Diamond-Impregnation Technology
Grit Hot-Pressed Inserts (GHIs)
2
Engineering and Modeling
IDEAS Integrated Drillbit Design Platform
Delivering application-specific drill bits with higher performance and greater reliability
The IDEAS* design platform uses Holistic design process Rapid solutions with
advanced simulation and modeling to Smith Bits design engineers account for reliableresults
design and certify every new Smith Bits every critical variable. Virtually every cone By using sophisticated modeling tools and
drill bit. It has five basic elements that or cutter position is selected to create a by accounting for a multitude of dynamic
enable it to optimize bitperformance. stable bit that rotates around its center, a variables in a virtual environment, the
key requirement for efficientdrilling. IDEAS platform moves bits through the
Comprehensive drilling design process much quicker, while
systemanalysis Application-specific enhancements ensuring better reliability and performance
The design process takes into account the Continuous improvement results in bits than ever before. The traditional trial-
effects of the lithology at the rock-cutter for a specific application that consistently and-error approach is replaced by
interface, the drillstring, the drive system, outperform previous designs when laboratory tests and simulations to quantify
individual BHA components, and the total measured against the same parameters, for variables such as cutter forces and rock
system on bit behavior in a dynamic drilling example, ROP, durability, and specific bit removalrates.
environment. It also takes into account behavior with a rotary steerable system.
the specific operating parameters and the Drill bits that are certified by the IDEAS Advanced material integration
interaction between individual elements of platform are dynamically stable within Stronger and more durable advanced
the drilling assembly. the operating envelope for which they are cutter materials are used more effectively
designed, leading to longer bit runs and less by working in conjunction with IDEAS
stress on the BHA. design and simulation capabilities. The
resulting bit has abrasion- and impact-
Each certified bit undergoes rigorous resistant cutters, and an optimal design for
design evaluation and testing to produce a highperformance.
detailed application analysis of how it will
perform for a specific drillingprogram.
Define
Performance IDEAS Platform
Objectives Simulation Build
Design
Bit Test
Test
Bit Certify Bit
Analyze
Integrate
new bit into
product line
IDEAS platform eliminates the costly and
time-consuming trial-and-error methods of
the traditional drillbit design process, enabling
SmithBits to deliver a better solution faster.
www.slb.com/IDEAS
3
Engineering and Modeling
IDEAS Design Platform Certification for Directional Applications
Improving performance, reduces risk, and keeps directional wells and drilling budgets on target
www.slb.com/IDEAS
4
Engineering and Modeling
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis
5
Engineering and Modeling
i-DRILL Engineered Drilling System Design
i-DRILL* engineered drilling system design the i-DRILL design process creates a virtual Bit-underreamer balance to determine
uses predictive modeling to identify drilling environment. Detailed geometric the combination that will result in the
solutions that minimize vibrations and input parameters and rock mechanics data highest ROP under stable conditions
stick/slip during drilling operations, and are also taken into account. Simulating the BHA comparison to investigate
optimize BHA performance for a given drilling operation enables evaluation of the directional behavior while minimizing
environment. Specially trained engineers root causes of inefficient and damaging vibrations
simulate the behavior of the bit, as well BHAbehavior. Range of weight on bit (WOB) and
as each component of the BHA and the
i-DRILL design capabilities drillbit revolutions per minute (rpm) for
drillstring. They evaluate a range of
Identify the true technical limit of maximum ROP under stable conditions
options to reduce harmful vibrations, thus
increasing equipment life, minimizing performance without risking lost rig time Postwell follow-up to determine usage
failures, increasing ROP, improving associated with exceeding the limit or and effectiveness of prewell i-DRILL
hole condition and directional control, inefficiencies resulting from operating design recommendations
and decreasing overall drilling cost. too far below the limit.
Various combinations of drillbit options, Eliminate unnecessary trips to change
drilling assembly components, drillstring BHAs when trying to identify the
designs, surface parameters, component optimum drilling system.
placement, and overbalance pressures Predict the performance of new drillbit
can be examined for the specific lithology. designs.
Advanced graphics capabilities illustrate
the results with clarity.
Predict the dynamic behavior of
directional BHAs in space and time.
Reliable simulation of downhole Identify weak areas in the drillstring and
behavior eliminates trial-and-error BHA to help prevent the loss of tools
The i-DRILL drilling system design enables downhole.
quantification of vibrations and ROP Minimize harmful lateral, torsional, and
produced by a virtual drilling system as a axial vibrations; and stick/slip, through
function of time. This is accomplished by the selection of dynamically stable
combining a bit-drilling-rock model with drilling assemblies.
a finite element analysis of the bit and Balance drillbit and underreamer cutting
drillstring.
structure loading to maximize dual-
Analyzing the dynamics of the drilling diameter BHA stability.
assembly through multiple formations of Develop improved drilling program
variable compressive strength, dip angle, schedules with reduced risk of
homogeneity, and anisotropy is feasible, unplanneddelays.
a critical factor in obtaining optimal
performance through formation transitions. i-DRILL design analyses
Virtual testing of new technology and Drilling system check to evaluate
unconventional approaches eliminates dynamic behavior; identify issues with
the risk and expense of trial-and-error vibration, bending moments, and torque;
ontherig. and select the optimal system
Bit analysis to identify the design that
Integration of data from diverse will yield the highest ROP under stable
sources improves accuracy conditions
Using offset well data, surface and
downhole measurements, and a thorough
Bit durability and ROP through different
knowledge of products and applications, formations
www.slb.com/iDrill
6
Engineering and Modeling
Advanced Services Engineering (ASE)
www.slb.com/ASE
7
Engineering and Modeling
Advanced Services Engineering (ASE)
Postwell Analysis
A thorough performance assessment is conducted upon
completion of the well evaluating every part of the drilling
operation. The ASE engineer, as part of the drilling team, makes
recommendations for improvements related to bit selection and
drilling for future well plans.
The ASE team provides value by recommending the best bit for
the specific application, which will deliver the most efficient and
economical drilling performance.
www.slb.com/ASE
8
Engineering and Modeling
DBOS Drillbit Optimization System
To achieve the minimum cost per foot with a higher degree of DBOS system evaluation process
certainty and reduced risk, the DBOS* Drillbit Optimization 1. Evaluation of expected formation types and their section
System identifies the best drill bit for the interval to be drilled. lengths from offset logs.
This software based system uses offset well data to choose 2. Determination of unconfined compressive strength, effective
a fixed cutter, roller cone, or turbodrill drill bit that has the porosity, abrasion characteristics, and impact potential.
appropriate combination of cutting structure, gauge protection,
3. Identification of one or more potentially optimal bit types and
hydraulic configuration, and other critical characteristics. Since
various applicable features.
its inception, the DBOS system has provided significant cost
and time savings for operators around the world, while creating 4. Prediction of the cost per foot for each bit and configuration.
a supporting database of more than 20,000 wells. The system 5. Drillbit selection for planned hole (simulation).
incorporates a thorough analysis of offset well data including well
logs, formation tops, mud logs, core analysis, rock mechanics, Operator deliverables
drilling parameters, drillbit records, and dull bit conditions. Various levels of analysis are offered, and for each level, data
is presented graphically in log plot form, and statistically in the
DBOS comprises interval analysis plots. The analysis evaluates key bit performance
a petrophysical log analysis program variables over the given intervals, identifying which bit will be the
proprietary algorithms for rock compressive strengths, drillbit most successful for drilling through specific single intervals or over
performance analysis, and drillbit selection multiple intervals, based on experience data and the knowledge
based heuristics.
well log correlation and statistic analysis software
a geologic mapping program. Parallel analysis for roller cone bit options, PDC bit applications
and high-speed turbodrilling options are all considered. The final
The flexibility of the system allows engineers to analyze various proposed bit program combines this input for optimized Interval
levels of information and deliver a bit strategy based on input cost per foot.
from a single offset well, a multiwell cross section, or a full-field
mapping and regional trend analyses.
www.slb.com/DBOS
9
Engineering and Modeling
DBOS Drillbit Optimization System
Real-time applications
Optimized drilling parameters can be assessed and delivered to
the driller and rig floor in realtime, giving predictions ahead of the
bit. The results can be monitored with respect to improved ROP,
longer drillbit life, or reduced downhole shock and vibration. DBOS
system has contributed to improvements in bit run performance
on the order of 20 to 40% or better in ROP, longer bit life, reduced
incidents of drillbit related failures.
www.slb.com/DBOS
10
Engineering and Modeling
YieldPoint RT Hydraulics and Hole-Cleaning Simulation Program
www.slb.com/YieldPointRT
11
Engineering and Modeling
DRS Drilling Record System
The inclusion of bit record data from the client wells in the DRS
system contributes to better drillbit selection and application for
your drilling program. The system can be accessed through Smith
Bits applications engineers or sales representatives.
www.slb.com/records
12
Roller Cone Technology
Adaptive Hydraulics System
13
Roller Cone Technology
Inserts
Insert Options
A large selection of insert geometries and material options,
diamond or tungsten carbide, help to optimize bit characteristics
for specific applications. A key focus of the Smith Bits R&D
program, enhancements to inserts are constantly being
incorporated into new and existing bit designs.
Geometry Choices
Smith Bits pioneered the use of specific insert shapes in 1995, and Incisor DogBone ACE Relieved Chisel Conical
Gauge Chisel
uses proprietary tools to determine the best geometry for a given
bit design. These are available in four options:
Conical and chisel inserts are designed for hard and soft
formations respectively.
The unique geometry of the DogBone* durable and aggressive
drillbit insert is designed for maximum ROP and impact
resistance.
The asymmetric conic edge (ACE) insert is a hybrid of the
conical and chisel inserts. It has an offset conical top for
increased strength, and a flatter leading side to enhance
scraping. The design is highly resistant to breakage and impact
damage, yet more aggressive and effective in softer formations
than a standard conical insert.
Incisor* concave drillbit insert combines the benefits of
the ACE, chisel, and DogBone designs. With a sharp offset,
C-shaped crest and larger corner radii, it is designed for soft to
medium-hard formations. Coarse Carbide Microstructure
Material Choices
Insert material grades are not specific to a particular design.
Materials can be optimized for individual applications to maximize
performance, reliability, and durability.
Diamond-Enhanced Insert
14
Roller Cone Technology
Typhoon Hydraulics
Smith Bits engineers use sophisticated computational fluid VE nozzles direct the fluid flow with precision to the leading
dynamics (CFD) analysis to ensure optimum flow for cuttings edge of the cones, while the J3 nozzles direct flow towards the
removal, so that the cutting structure is always drilling virgin intermesh area between the cones. The combined effect of these
formation. Typhoon* hydraulics is a feature offered for roller cone six, precisely oriented nozzles is a flow pattern that significantly
bits with a diameter of 16 in and larger, that uses both vectored improves cone cleaning, optimizes the displacement of cuttings
extended (VE) nozzles and dome jet (J3) nozzles. from the bottom of the hole up the drillstring, and maximizes ROP.
CFD analysis allows Smith Bits engineers to optimize available hydraulic Shamal* carbonate-optimized TCI drill bits with Typhoon hydraulics
energy for maximiumROP. incorporate three vectored extended (VE) nozzles and three dome jet (J3)
inner nozzles to apply maximum hydraulic energy to the bottom of the
wellbore, enhancing cuttings removal and increasing ROP.
www.slb.com/Shamal
15
Diamond-Impregnation
Grit Hot-Pressed Inserts (GHI) Technology
16
New Technology Bits
19
PDC bits with
central Stinger element
Beyond shear performance
By reconfiguring the bit with the Stinger element, a column of rock is allowed
to form at the center of the cutting structure, which is continuously crushed
and fractured, increasing drilling efficiency.
20
PDC bits with ONYX 360 cutters
A revolution in PDC bit durability
0.12
High wear area
0.10
Wear Flat Area, in2
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Distance from bit center, in
ONYX360 cutters
Premium fixed cutters
In abrasive formations, the bits shoulder area (between the center of the
cutting structure and gauge) is where cutters typically experience the
greatest amount of wear. The ability IDEAS drillbit design platform has to
predict the degree and precise location of this wear makes it an invaluable
design tool.
21
StingBlade
conical diamond element bit
Superior performance in hard-to-drill applications
elements, StingBlade bits drill with less overall torque than PDC
bits, reducing reactive torque fluctuations. This allows StingBlade
bits to yield higher build rates, to stay on target better, and to
achieve directional drilling objectives in less time.
The concentrated point loading of Stinger elements enables Laterall Vibrations: PDC bit
Lateral vibrations: PDC bit
200200
StingBlade bits to generate larger cuttings, which can be analyzed
150
for accurate identification of mineralogy, porosity, permeability,
Lateral Vibrations (G's)
100100
and hydrocarbon shows at the rigsite. 50
00
-50
100-100
-150
-200
200 Footage
Footage
Lateral Vibbrations: StingBlade bit
Lateral vibrations: StingBlade bit
200
Lateral Vibrations (G's)
Lateral vibrations, gn
100
Footage
Footage
FEA modeling shows that the Stinger element (right) enacts a higher stress In a simulation of drilling through a 30,000-psi limestone at 20,000-lbf WOB and
on the formation, fracturing high-compressive-strength rock more efficiently 175 rpm, the StingBlade bit (green) showed 86% lower lateral vibrations than a
compared with a conventional PDC cutter (left). conventional PDC bit (gray).
100
50
0
Fixed Cutter Products
25
Fixed Cutter Bits Product Line
Directional PDC Drill Bit
Matrix or steel bits for improved directional response
26
Fixed Cutter Bits
Directional PDC Drill Bit
Directional nomenclature
M D i 6 16
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
DIDEAS directional
certified
M/SMatrix or steel
121/4-in MDi616
www.slb.com/directional
27
Fixed Cutter Bits
SHARC High-Abrasion-Resistance PDC Drill Bit
SHARC nomenclature
M D S i 6 13
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
SSHARC
DIDEAS directional certified
M/SMatrix or steel
81/2-in MDSi613LBPX
www.slb.com/SHARC
28
Fixed Cutter Bits
Spear Shale-Optimized Steel-Body PDC Drill Bit
Spear nomenclature
S D i 6 13 The next-generation Spear bits feature a smaller body profile that promotes the
movement of cuttings around the body and into the junk slot.
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
DIDEAS directional certified
SSpear shale-optimized steel-body
www.slb.com/Spear
29
Fixed Cutter Bits
Standard PDC Matrix and Steel Bits
The workhorse of the oilfield, delivering premium performance with superior durability.
M i 6 16
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
M/SMatrix or steel
83/4-in Mi616MSPX
www.slb.com/pdc
30
Fixed Cutter Bits
Kinetic Diamond-Impregnated Bit for High-Speed Applications
Kinetic bits have established world and numerous field records for the most footage drilled
and the highest ROP.
Designed for superior performance when drilling at high rotary Open face for optimum clearing
speeds through the toughest, most abrasive formations, Kinetic* bits Brazed-in GHI
are built with precisely engineered grit hot-pressed inserts (GHIs) and
Application-tuned
thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP) diamond inserts, premium PDC
impregnated
cutters, and proprietary diamond-impregnated matrix materials. Each body material
element is chosen to optimize both durability and ROP. Cast-in GHI
Application-specific design
Most Kinetic bits use strategically placed premium PDC cutters in the
cone area to improve drillout capability and maximize ROP, while the
impregnated matrix material enhances durability. TSP diamond inserts
are positioned on the gauge to ensure that the bit maintains a full-
Central flow
gauge hole. In extremely abrasive applications, TSP diamond elements
Dedicated
are also placed on the bit shoulder for increased wear resistance in fluid port
this critical area. Kinetic bits can be customized with different bonding
materials and diamonds to match the formation being drilled and
the drive system used, making the bits ideal for exploiting the higher
rotational velocities possible with turbodrills.
Kinetic nomenclature
K H 8 13
Cutter size
Blade count
HHybrid
KKinetic impreg
www.slb.com/Kinetic
31
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
L Feature
Low Exposure L
(MDOCManaged Depth Of Cut)
Feature: Cutter backing raised to minimize excessive depth of
cut because of formation heterogeneity
M Feature
Replaceable Lo-Vibe Inserts M
Feature: Lo-Vibe* depth of cut control inserts that can be
replaced when needed (wear, breakage, etc.)
V Feature
Lo-Vibe Option V
Feature: Lo-Vibe depth of cut control insert
Benefit: Optimized ROP and bit life to drill long drilling intervals
eliminates tripping
G Feature
PowerDrive Archer System G
Gauge Configuration
Feature: Specifically designed gauge characteristics
32
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
Z Feature
Z Stingerconical diamond element
Feature: Element fails rock more efficiently than conventional
PDC bit cutters
K Feature
K Impregnated Cutter Backing
Feature: Diamonds impregnated in the matrix behind the
PDCcutters
H Feature
H Anti-balling
Feature: Higher number of nozzles than standard
33
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
N Feature
Fewer Nozzles than Standard N
Feature: Fewer nozzles
Y Feature
30-Series Nozzles Y
Feature: Contains 30-series nozzles
W Feature
40-Series Nozzles W
Feature: Contains 40-series nozzles
U Feature
50-Series Nozzles U
Feature: Contains 50-series nozzles
34
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
Q Feature
Q Fixed Ports
Feature: Incorporates fixed ports
R Feature
R ONYX 360 rolling cutter
Feature: Cutters revolve 360 to stay sharper longer
E Feature
E Extended Gauge Length
Feature: Longer than standard gauge
Advantage: Enhances bit stability and allows more area for gauge
protection components
35
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
S Feature
Short Gauge Length S
Feature: Short gauge length
A Feature
Active Gauge A
Feature: Active gauge
B Feature
Backreaming Cutters B
Feature: Backreaming cutters
36
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
PX Feature
PX Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced gauge protection
T Feature
T Turbine Sleeve
Feature: Turbine sleeve
PXX Feature
PXX Full-Diamond Gauge Pad on
Turbine Sleeve
Feature: Full-diamond gauge pad on turbine sleeve
37
Fixed Cutter Bits
Optional Features
D Feature
DOG Drilling on Gauge Sleeve D
Feature: DOG* drilling on gauge sleeve
C Feature
Connection Not API Standard C
Feature: Nonstandard bit connection
I Feature
IF Connection I
Feature: IF connection replaces standard connection
38
Fixed Cutter Bits
Nomenclature
Nomenclature example
M S i R 6 16 M H PX
PXTSP on gauge (Gauge feature)
HHigher number of nozzles than standard (Hydraulic feature)
MReplaceable Lo-Vibe insert (Face feature)
Cutter size, mm
Blade count
RONYX 360 cutter (Product line)
iIDEAS platform-certified (Product line)
SSHARC bit (Product line)
MMatrix body (Product line)
39
Roller Cone Products
41
Roller Cone Bits Product Line
Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) bits
Gemini* dynamic twin-seal drill bit
Shamal* carbonate-optimized TCI drill bit
Xplorer* slimhole TCI drill bit
FH TCI* drill bit
Kaldera
Roller cone products for geothermal and high-temperature
applications
42
Roller Cone Bits
GeminiDynamic Twin-Seal Drill Bit
The Gemini seal system consists of a primary seal that protects the bearings, and a secondary seal
that protects the primary seal, making this system the industry leader in durability and reliability.
Bearings
Gemini bits can be equipped with roller bearings (bit size 12 in)
or friction bearings (bit size 12 in).
Cutting Structure
Different cutter layouts are available. TCIs of various grades
and geometries have been developed to produce a durable
and effective cutting structure. IDEAS* integrated drillbit
design platform is used to optimize the cutting structure, so
that loads are more evenly distributed over the inserts of all
three cones, producing a well-balanced bit with reduced risk of
bearingfailure.
Gemini nomenclature
GF i 35
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
G/GFGemini designation
171/2-in Gi03
www.slb.com/Gemini
43
Roller Cone Bits
Shamal Hard Carbonate-Optimized TCI Drill Bit
Shamal drill bits are designed for hard carbonate drilling, with specifically designed tungsten
carbide inserts.
Shamal nomenclature
G S i 05
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
SShamal feature
GBearing prefix
www.slb.com/Shamal
44
Roller Cone Bits
Xplorer Premium Slim Hole TCI Bit
Xplorer drill bits provide consistently superior performance in applications ranging from very soft
to ultrahard formations.
Harder-wearing seals
To handle the high rotation speeds typically seen in the formations
in which slimhole bits are used, a dual-material Bullet* drillbit
bearing seal is used for soft formation insert bits (IADC 4-1-7X to
5-4-7Y). This system reduces seal wear while limiting temperature
buildup in the bearing section through the use of matched, dual
elastomers.
For harder formation Xplorer bits (with IADC codes 6-1-7X and
higher), a rotary O ring seal with optimized properties is used,
which significantly increases the wear resistance of the seal
compared to conventional materials. These O rings result in
market-leading bearing performance in hard formations.
Xplorer nomenclature
XR i 20
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
XRXplorer designation 61/2-in XR20T
www.slb.com/Xplorer
45
Roller Cone Bits
Xplorer Expanded Soft-Formation Milled Tooth Drill Bit
Milled tooth bits that are specifically designed to drill soft to firm formations.
Enhanced ROP
Xplorer Expanded* milled tooth drill bits are specifically designed
to drill soft to firm formations with superior ROP and reliability. The
bits are equipped with the Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system,
offering the widest range of options for maximizing ROP and
ensuring effective hole cleaning in any application.
Xplorer nomenclature
XR +
Premium milled tooth
cutting structure
XRXplorer designation
www.slb.com/XR-expanded
46
Roller Cone Bits
Kaldera Bit
XRK +
Premium milled tooth cutting structure
XRKXplorer-Kaldera designation
GFK 47
Premium TCI cutting structure
GFKGemini-Kaldera designation
www.slb.com/Kaldera
47
Roller Cone Bits
FH Single-Seal TCI Drill Bit
FH TCI roller cone drill bits offer superior performance in a wide variety of applications
at a lower cost per foot.
Application-specific hydraulics
The Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system offers a range
of hydraulic configurations that are optimized for specific
applications. Computational fluid dynamics software, and our bit
flow visualization system were used to design this feature.
FH nomenclature
FH i 28
Cutting Structure
iIDEAS Certified
FHFH Designation
83/4-in FH28GVPS
www.slb.com/FH
48
Roller Cone Bits
TCT Two-Cone Drillbit Technology
Smith Bits TCT* two-cone drill bits are designed using the
dynamic modeling capabilities of the IDEAS* integrated drillbit
design platform. The process includes evaluation and testing in
a virtual environment to reduce vibration, enhance stability, and
increase ROP.
Enhanced stability
Two-cone bits have four points of stabilization. The lug-pad and
leg-back placement, along with the forging geometry, reduces
vibration, increases bit life, and enables a higher ROP. In addition,
the lug pads and leg backs are protected by tungsten carbide
inserts to stabilize the bit and ensure a full-gauge wellbore.
TCT nomenclature
TCT i +
Premium Milled Tooth Cutting Structure
iIDEAS Certified
121/4-in TCI TCTi
TCTTCT Designation
www.slb.com/TCT
49
Roller Cone Bits
Standard Milled Tooth, TCI and Open Bearing Bits
The standard line of Smith Bits journal and roller bearing bits delivers premium performance.
These bits are the focus of ongoing product improvement, which enhances existing designs
and integrates new materials technology.
Standard bits are continuously improved in order to aggressively
drive down drilling costs. Among the features and materials
incorporated into the standard product offering are Spinodal*
roller cone drillbit friction bearings, advanced bearing lubricants,
the Flex-Flo* adaptive hydraulics system, MIC2* drillbit hardfacing
material, diamond-enhanced inserts, coarse carbide inserts, and
relieved-gauge inserts.
FVH
HHeel Inserts
VMedium to Hard Formation Type
FBearing Prefix
F 12
Cutting Structure
121/4-in FVH
FBearing Prefix
83/4-in F12
www.slb.com/rockbits
50
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
TD Feature
TD Diamond-Enhanced Trucut Gauge
Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced, semiround-top, on-gauge inserts
provide finish cut-to-gauge for Trucut* drillbit gauge
system with off-gauge inserts are made of tungsten
carbide
D Feature
D Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Row Inserts
Inserts
Feature: Diamond-enhanced gauge inserts
B Feature
Binary Gauge Protection B
Feature: Small, semiround-top inserts positioned between
primary gauge inserts
51
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
BD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Insert Binary BD
Gauge Protection
Feature: Diamond-enhanced, semiround-top inserts positioned
between primary gauge inserts
T Feature
Tungsten Carbide Trucut Gauge Protection T
Feature: TCI protection for Trucut* drillbit gauge system
OD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Heel Row Inserts OD
Feature: Up to 50% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts
52
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
OD1 Feature
OD1 All Heel Row Inserts Diamond
Enhanced
Feature: 51%100% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts.
DD Feature
DD 100% Diamond-Enhanced
Cutting Structure
Feature: 100% diamond-enhanced cutting structure.
G Feature
G Cone Protection
Feature: Tungsten carbide coating for cone protection.
Benefit: Increased bit life, longer bit runs, and improved insert
retention.
53
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
Y Feature
Conical Shaped Inserts Y
Feature: Conical shaped inserts
V Feature
V-Flo Nozzle Configuration V
Feature: V-Flo* vectored-flow nozzle configuration
VE Feature
Extended Vectored Nozzle Sleeve VE
(Available for 1214-in and larger bits)
Feature: Extended vectored nozzle sleeve
54
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
C Feature
C Center Jet
Feature: Center jet installed
R Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Stabilization and R
Leg Back Protection
Feature: Stabilizing leg back protection
55
Roller Cone Bits
Optional Features
PS Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Leg Back PS
Protection
Feature: Leg back protection
PD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Leg Back Protection PD
Feature: Diamond-enhanced leg back protection
56
Roller Cone Bits
Nomenclature
57
Impax 10
Percussion Air Hammer, with diamond enhanced
insert hammer bit
CheCk valve
Prevents backflow
Feed tube
Conveys air to hammer
Compression rings
Secure internal parts
Feed tube housing
Retains feed tube
Choke
Regulates consumed
and surplus air piston
Drives bit into formation
lower Chamber
Pressurizes air to drive snap ring
piston upwards Secures piston in hammer
during a backoff
guide sleeve
Functions as a timing device
to control air venting in bit retainer ring
lower chamber
Retains bit in
off-bottom position
bit shank
Receives pistons striking driver sub
energy and transmits it Synchronizes bit and
to the bit face drillstring rotation
retainer sleeve
Retains bit head if
a shank occurs
59
Hammers
Percussion Hammers
The Impax* hammer features a hardened-steel guide sleeve design that significantly
optimizes energy transfer between the hammers piston and bit. The guide sleeve design
also significantly improves deephole drilling reliability by eliminating the plastic blow tube:
a component that often causes conventional hammers to fail when they are subjected to
shock, vibration, abrasive wear, high temperature, erosion, and misting.
Because high-back pressure, circulation volume, and the water produced from misting
and influx are major causes of hammer failure, the Impax hammers lower chamber has
been designed to handle 10% to 20% more water than conventional hammers. When water
incursion forces conventional hammers to be tripped out of the well, the Impax hammers
combined capabilities enable it to endure deephole drilling conditions while delivering
reliable performance. Impax hammers are available in 8-, 10-, and 12-in sizes.
www.slb.com/Impax
60
Hammer Bits
Impax Diamond-Enhanced Insert Hammer Bit
Gauge Plus ATG Feature (Patent 8,387,725) Increased footage at lower cost
The Gauge Plus engineered hammer bit advantage is achieved by Impax hammer bits have tough and durable DEIs that increase the
strategically positioning a staggered adjacent to gauge (ATG) row footage drilled and lower the cost per foot. These bits eliminate
cutting structure to augment the work capabilities of the primary the need for reaming, extending the life of the subsequent bit
gauge inserts. This differs from a standard percussion bit that and providing a quality borehole for running casing. In addition,
uses a non-staggered gauge row configuration to cut a specific three exhaust ports improve bit-face cleaning for longer life and
but independent portion of the sidewall and hole bottom with no betterROP.
work overlap. The ATG row on a Gauge Plus bit assists in cutting a
portion of the outer hole helping to reduce the load on the primary Secondary Air Course
gauge row inserts. This innovative new design enhances drilling When possible, a secondary air course is used to provide
efficiency by enabling the two rows to work in unison on the hole additional flow channels that enhance cuttings removal by
bottom rather than acting independently. providing greater flow area across the bottom of the hole. The
efficient use of circulating air improves hole cleaning capabilities
Design Engineering and reduces the regrinding of cuttings to maximize ROP.
Gauge Plus is designed with a precise amount of bottom hole
coverage overlap between the ATG and primary gauge rows. The bit can be supplied with a concave bottom, which optimizes
This overlapping of insert coverage greatly enhances fracture directional control.
propagation and communication because the impact points are
in close proximity. Combined, the innovative combination of ATG
inserts precisely located in the cutting structure increases chip
generation improving the rock failure mechanism.
Impax nomenclature
H 15 12 D +
Gauge Plus feature
DDiamond Enhanced Insert
Number adjacent to Gauge Inserts
Number of Gauge Inserts
HHammer Bit Indicator
9 78 H1209D+ V7RPD
www.slb.com/Impax
61
Hammer Bits
DIGR Hammer Bit
8 78 H1512G1 V6RPD
www.slb.com/Impax
62
Hammer Bits
Nomenclature and Optional Features
www.slb.com/Impax
63
Hammer Bits
Nomenclature and Optional Features
www.slb.com/Impax
64
Hammer Bits
Nomenclature and Optional Features
M FeatureModified
Feature: Nonstandard bit head profile
Advantage: Unique geometry incorporated for specific operating
parameters
Benefit: Enhanced performance for special drilling applications
V FeatureConcave
Feature: Concave bottom with a dual gauge-angle bit head
profile
Advantage: Additional drilling stability and directional control
Benefit: Excellent drilling performance in medium-soft to
medium formation intervals where hole deviation is a
primary concern
X FeatureConvex
Feature: Flat bottom with a dual gauge-angle bit head profile
Advantage: Enables use of heavy-set face and gauge cutting
structures
Benefit: Excellent drilling performance in medium to medium-
hard formation intervals
www.slb.com/Impax
65
Specialty Applications
67
Specialty Applications
PDC Hole Openers
Staged Hole Openers
68
Specialty Applications
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO)
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO) from Smith Bits have been developed from a tradition
of application knowledge and technical excellence gained from the success of Quad-D* dual-
diameter drift and drill, reaming products.
Superior borehole quality Stage threeSHO pilot Type Size, in Pilot, in
and high ROP conditioning section (PCS) SHO719 26 22
The staged hole opener (SHO) incorporates The cutting structure is designed to SHOS516 24 20
precision-engineered cutting structures to minimize work rates on each cutter SHO516 24 20
ensure fast, smoothly drilled, high-quality, position for maximum durability. By SHOSI616 22 191/2
concentric hole opening under a wide stress-relieving the formation with this SHO519 171/2 121/4
range of application conditions. SHO tools intermediate stage, larger-hole drilling SHOSI616 171/2 121/4
are run successfully on rotary and rotary can be done at a more aggressive ROP. SHOSI519 17 121/4
steerable assemblies in both straight and The third stage recentralizes the SHO SHO716 16 121/4
deviated holes.While the overall cutting on the given well trajectory in both
SHO519 16 121/4
structure is balanced, it is divided into four vertical and directional applications.
SHO519 143/4 121/4
sections, each serving a specific purpose. Gauge pads and gauge trimmers
SHOI616 141/2 1058
provide the main stabilization for the
Stage OnePilot Bit SHO519 14 11
SHO. Gauge pad lengths in the section
The pilot bit, either fixed cutter or roller SHO516 131/2 81/2
SHO S i 6 16
Cutter Size
Blade Count
IDEAS Designed
SHARC Feature
SHOStaged Hole Opener
www.slb.com/SHO
69
Specialty Applications
Quad-D Reamer
The versatility of Quad-D* dual-diamter Type Size, in Pilot, in Type Size, in Pilot, in
drift and drill products is best demon QDGS7419 32 28 DRS5216 20 16
strated by the range of applications that QDG5216 22 1818 QDR5319 19 16
they drill. The GeoReam* dual-diameter QDG5216 20 16 QDRS5313 17 14
near-bit reamer, is well suited to be run QDG5216 20 17 QDR5313 17 14
directly above the pilot bit for directional QDG5216 17 14 QDR5316 16 14
applications and it is the recommended
QDG7313 17 1378 QDR5313 14 12
alternative to the Quad-D bit in applications
QDG7313 16 13 QDR5213 14 12
in which a PDC cutting structure is not
QDG5313 14 12 QDR5316 13 12
the best option for the pilot bit. Although
QDG5313 13 12 QDR5313 12 1058
compact in length, the stability-enhancing
QDG5316 13 12 QDR5313 10 9
technology used in the GeoReam ensures
optimal hole quality while drilling. With QDG5216 12 1058 QDR5313 978 8
longer pilot conditioning sections and QDG5313 12 1058 QDRS6313 718 658
drill string connections, Quad-D Reamers QDG5216 978 8
are designed to maximize performance QDG5313 8 7
in rotary applications. The longer pilot QDG5316 7 6
conditioning section acts like a string QDG5209 6 578
stabilizer to ensure centralization and
stabilization. This tool is designed to be run
with various BHA configurations, including Fishing Neck
rotary steerable systems.
Advantages
Directional & BHA flexibility for precise
control of wellbore
Drill-out capability for eliminating trips
Diameter control for full gauge wellbore The QDR has drill collar
connections for string
Formation-specific design for optimized placement
drilling efficiency
Quad-D nomenclature
QD G 5 3 16
Cutter Size
Reamer Blades to Full Diameter 8 in 9 78 in
QDG5216
Pilot Blade Count
G/RGeoReam or Reamer Product
QDQuad-D Technology Tong Neck
8 in 978 in
QDR5313
www.slb.com/Quad-D
70
Specialty Applications
Quad-D Bi-Center Bits
Quad-D dual-diameter drift and drill bi-center bits provide hole opening
through installed casing or liner sections.
This family of aggressive matrix and steel Advantages Type Size Availability, in
body bits is designed to provide durability, Drill-out capability for eliminating trips QDM3209 3 418
reduce torque response, maintain Directional responsiveness for precise QDM3309 578 6
tangents, and reduce sliding time without control of wellbore QDM4209 3 418
compromising efficiency when drilling QDM4213 67
Diameter control for full gauge wellbore
either float equipment or formation. It QDM7309 67
features a strong, one-piece construction Formation-specific design for optimized
QDM7313 8 978, 1058 12
and a very low overall height that enhances drilling efficiency
QDMS4209 3 418
directional capabilities when drilling with
14-in Hole Maintained QDS3209 4 558, 4 5
downhole motors.
QDS4209 4 558, 6 7
Vibration is controlled by force and mass QDS5209 7 838
balancing, employment of spiral blades QDS5213 8 978, 12 14, 14 17
and gauge, asymmetrical blade layout, and QDS5216 8 978, 14 17
use of Lo-Vibe* inserts. Because of the QDS5219 17 20
resulting bit vibration control, bit rotation is QDS6309 6 7, 8 978
maintained about the true bit axis ensuring QDS7213 12 14
accurate finished hole diameter and quality. Pilot QDS7309 67
gauge
QDS7313 7 8, 8 978, 9 11,
Hydraulic ports are positioned to provide section
1058 12, 16 20
efficient cuttings removal and cleaning of
both the pilot and reaming sections.
A unique gauge profile prevents cutters
12 in 14 in QDS7213
from contacting and damaging the
casing and also provides a high degree
of stabilization and gauge protection.
Quad-D* dual-diamter drift and drill
bi-center bits have achieved success in a
broad range of applications.
Quad-D nomenclature
QD S 7 3 13
Cutter Size
Reamer Blades to Full Diameter
Pilot Blade Count
M/SMatrix or Steel
QDQuad-D Technology
16 in 20 in QDS7313PX
www.slb.com/Quad-D
71
Specialty Applications
Direct XCD Drillable Alloy Casing Bit
The nonretrievable Direct XCD* drillable alloy bit is specially Due to the flexible manufacturing process used in the production of
suited for vertical or tangential well applications. The bit drills XCD bits, units can be made to suit most combinations of pipe size,
with standard casing, which is turned at the surface by the rigs hole size, blade count, and cutter size.
topdrive.
9 58121/4 XCD 5 16
Cutter size
Blade count
XCDDirect XCD bit
Bit size
Casing size
www.slb.com/DirectXCD
72
Specialty Applications
Direct XCD Drillable Alloy Casing Bit
Patent-protected Large-face
bit body design waterways
Bit body composition Cuttings removal is
allows drill out by any maximized with large face
PDC bit. waterways and junk slot
areas.
Bi-metal
composition
A drillable alloy body
includes a bit sub made of
oilfield gradesteel.
www.slb.com/DirectXCD
73
Reference Guide
75
Reference
Total flow area chart
76
Reference
Recommended fixed cutter bit makeup torque
Recommended Makeup TorqueDiamond and Fixed Cutter Drill Bits With Pin Connections
API Reg Connection Size, in Bit Sub OD, in Minimum, ft.lbf Normal, ft.lbf Maximum, ft.lbf
3 1,970 2,280 2,450
238 318 2,660 3,100 3,300
31/4 3,400 3,950 4,200
31/2 3,380 3,950 4,200
278
33/4 and larger 5,080 5,900 6,300
418 5,700 6,600 7,000
31/2 41/4 6,940 8,050 8,550
41/2 and larger 8,400 9,850 10,500
51/2 13,700 16,600 17,000
41/2 53/4 18,100 21,100 22,400
6 and larger 18,550 21,600 22,900
71/2 40,670 47,300 50,200
658
73/4 and larger 41,050 47,800 50,750
81/2 53,100 61,850 65,670
758 83/4 63,500 73,750 78,300
9 and larger 68,600 79,800 84,750
10 96,170 102,600 108,950
858
101/4 and larger 107,580 114,700 121,800
Notes:
1. Recommended make-up torque dictated by all BHA components
2. Higher makeup torque values within the above ranges are recommended when high WOB is used.
3. Box connection bits should use makeup torque values between Minimum and Normal.
4. All connections must be lubricated with a joint compound meeting API requirements.
API gauge tolerances for fixed cutter and roller cone bits
Bit size, in Fixed Cutter, in Roller Cone, in
63/4 and smaller -0.015+0.00 -0.0+1/32
625329 -0.020+0.00 -0.0+1/32
9132133/4 -0.030+0.00 -0.0+1/32
132532171/2 -0.045+0.00 -0.0+1/16
171732 and larger -0.063+0.00 -0.0+3/32
77
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
BIT PREPARATION Engage the hanging box connection to the doped threads of the
bit pin.
Bit Handling at rig site Proper makeup for small diameter bits is to makeup by hand for
Bit cutting elements with diamond both fixed cutter and roller several turns, then place in the bit breaker and makeup to the
cone bits, are brittle and susceptible to impact damage. Care recommended torque.
should be taken when handling or removing any bit containing Uncover the rotary and locate the bit and breaker onto the
diamond-cutting elements. breaker holder.
Do not drop the bit even if it is in the container. Makeup applying the recommended torque.
Use a piece of wood or rubber under the bit face. Makeup torque specifications are from API spec RP7G.
Bit Inspection Roller Cone Bits
Inspect bit for integrity (cutting elements, pin connection and Keep BHA as vertical as possible when making up bit to ensure
makeup shoulder). no damaging contact between the nozzles (full-extended or
Ensure there are no foreign objects or obstructions in the minis) and the bit breaker occurs.
internal fluid passageways.
Verify TFA on bits with fixed TFA. TRIPPING IN THE HOLE
Record bit size, type and serial number.
Identify potential problem areas before tripping. Trip slowly
Nozzle Installation through BOP, doglegs, tight spots, ledges, casing shoes,
Ensure that nozzle series are correct for bit type. cementing equipment, etc. Wash and or ream as necessary.
Gauge the orifice size of every nozzle to ensure proper totalflow Severe problems may require a special cleanup run.
area (TFA). Roller cone bit legs will yield slightly and the bit can be rotated
Remove the plastic plug and ensure that O-rings are properly slightly in order to pass through some tight spots. Fixed cutter
installed and seated. bits do not yield. Bits with PDC cutting elements are susceptible
to impact damage. PDC bits are more susceptible to damage
If different size nozzles are to be used ensure that the correct
during tripping in the hole than roller cone bits.
sized nozzles are in the correct place. Put bigger size nozzles in
the in the center of the bit.
Certain types of fixed cutter bits with low junk slot area can
create higher surge and swab pressures than roller cone bits
Ensure that the threads are clean and greased (any petroleum-
due to more restrictive annular space.
based grease). Fixed cutter bits with matrix threads should not
be greased.
Local knowledge/practice will typically dictate wash down and
reaming procedures. Minimum recommendation is to wash
Grease the nozzle body below the threads to prevent
down at least the last joint to bottom at reaming speed with
O-ringdamage.
full circulation. Preference is to ream the last stand/90 feet at
Screw the nozzle in by hand until snug. reaming speed with full circulation.
Use nozzle wrench for final tightening. Excessive force is not
necessary and can damage the carbide nozzle.
TAGGING BOTTOM
If nozzle sizes below 932 are to be used, recommend the use
of drill pipe screens and/or a float to prevent reverse circulation Approach the hole bottom cautiously, monitoring WOB and
plugging. Use grasshoppers if necessary. torque. An increase in WOB or torque will indicate either
contact with the hole bottom or fill. Fixed cutter bits will
Makeup typically show an increase in torque first. Bit is on bottom when
Ensure that the appropriate bit breaker is with the bit. Inspect to torque increases with the WOB. Difference between measured
insure good condition and that it fits properly. depth and contact point should be depth of fill.
Remove the bit from the box and place face down on a piece of If fill is present, pick up above the fill and rotate to bottom with
wood or rubber. full circulation until bottomhole contact is assured. Regardless
Engage the bit breaker with the bit and move them onto the if fill is present, the pipe should always be reciprocated
rotary table. off-bottom.
A float above the bit should be installed, especially on extended On rotary assemblies, use a maximum of 500 lbf per inch of bit
nozzle roller cone bits, in areas that tend to plug. diameter, 40 to 60 rpm.
78
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
On motor assemblies, use a maximum of 500 lbf per inch of bit will dictate flow rate as a compromise is needed between
diameter and the minimum allowable rpm. providing adequate cleaning and minimum rpm.
Do not use high WOB when in fill. This could cause the bit toball. Bouncing or erratic torque may indicate locked cones.
Circulate and rotate off-bottom (as close as possible preferably Temporarily increase the weight to ensure cone rotation,
less than 6 in, no more than 1 ft) enough (5 to 15 minutes, then reciprocate the bit slightly off-bottom while continuing
application dependent, recommend 15 min as minimum) to circulation and rotation to help clean the bit. Resume with
ensure the hole bottom is clear of fill or junk. original parameters when the bouncing or erratic torque has
been eliminated.
Maintain minimum WOB/torque to prevent wiper plugs from
DRILLING CEMENT PLUGS, FLOAT
79
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
On rotary, use a maximum of 500 lbf per inch of bit diameter Formation Changes
with 40 to 60 rpm. Formation changes can instigate both torsional and lateral
On motor assemblies, use a maximum of 500 lbf per inch of bit vibrations. Monitor and adjust accordingly.
diameter and the minimum allowable rpmkeep rotary rpm to When anticipating a harder/more difficult formation, to prevent
a minimum 20 to 30 rpm. Minimum allowable motor rpm can be impact damage, reduce the rpm maintaining WOB while still
formation dependent. in the softer formation to help prevent initiation of lateral or
Soft, balling formations should be entered with full flow rate. At torsional vibrations when the hard formation is encountered.
that point, WOB and rpm can be gradually increased to typically After the formation is encountered, adjust the parameters or
operating levels or to initial drill-off test levels. Increase WOB perform a drill-off test.
first then rpm. If an unknown formation (anomaly/transition) is expected,
reduce the rpm and the WOB to a minimum accepted level.
Fixed Cutter Bits Establish ROP and torque baselines at these levels. Monitor
Although a new bottomhole pattern is created in less than a ROP and torque to determine when formation has been
bit diameter, it is preferred to drill 3 to 5 feet before increasing encountered and when through the anomaly.
WOB and rpm.
For starting parameters, use maximum flow rate, less than Operational Parameter Guidelines
6,000lbf WOB and 60 to 100 rpm. Optimum WOB and rpm determined are for a particular
application and can only be continuously used in a
Maintain low and consistent torque changing operating
homogeneous formation. Therefore in intervals of various
parameters as needed.
formations, ROP optimization tests will not produce the optimum
Take extreme care following a coring operation or bits of weight and rotary combination.
different types or profiles. A different existing profile can
Drill off tests will be necessary anytime the formation changes.
overload specific cutting elements potentially causing a
Typically a range of WOB and rpm combinations is derived for
premature failure
the interval, e.g., interbedded formations.
80
Reference
Measurement units and drilling formulas
Drilling Formulas
Cost per Foot (CPF) Flow Rate (Q) = (Pump Stks Output / stk)
Bit Cost + Rig Cost (Trip Time + Drilling Time) Bit Pres. Drop (Pbit) = (MWt. Q 2) / (10858 TFA2)
CPF =
Footage Drilled Hydraulic Horsepower (HHPbit) = (Pbit Q) / (1714)
HSI = (HHPbit) / (.7854 D2)
Pressure Drop (D) Jet Velocity (JV) = (.32086 Q) / (TFA)
Flow Rate2 Mud Weight Impact Force (IF) = (JV) (MWt) (Q) (.000516)
P =
10,856 TFA2
MWt = Mud Weight TFA = Nozzle Flow Area D = Bit Diameter
Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP)
(Bit Pressure Drop) (Flow Rate)
HHP =
1,714
81
Reference
Drill collar specifications
82
Reference English and Metric
Multiply
Grains
By
64.79891
To Obtain
Milligrams
Conversion factors
Grains 0.03527 Ounces
Inches 0.08333 Feet
Inches 25.4 Millimeters
Inches of water 0.03613 Pounds per square inch
Kilometers 3,281 Feet
Fraction to Decimal Kilometers 0.6214 Miles
Kilometers per hour 0.6214 Miles per hour
1
64 0.0156 17
64 0.2656 33
64 0.5156 49
64 0.7656 Knots 6,080 Feet
1
32 0.0312 9
32 0.2812 17
32 0.5312 25
32 0.7812 Knots 1.152 Miles
3
64 0.0468 19
64 0.2968 35
64 0.5468 51
64 0.7968 Knots per hour 1.152 Miles per hour
1
16 0.0625 5
16 0.3125 9
16 0.5625 13
16 0.8125 Liters 0.03531 Cubic feet
1
64 0.0781 21
64 0.3281 37
64 0.5781 53
64 0.8281 Liters 0.2642 Gallons
Meters 3.281 Feet
3
32 0.0937 11
32 0.3437 19
32 0.5937 27
32 0.8437 Meters 39.37 Inches
7
64 0.1093 23
64 0.3593 39
64 0.6093 55
64 0.8593 Meters 1.094 Yards
1
8 0.1250 3
8 0.3750 5
8 0.6250 7
8 0.8750 Miles 5,280 Feet
9
64 0.1406 25
64 0.3906 41
64 0.6406 57
64 0.8906 Miles 1.609 Kilometers
5
32 0.1562 13
32 0.4062 21
32 0.6562 29
32 0.9062 Miles 1,760 Yards
Miles per hour 88 Feet per minute
11
64 0.1718 27
64 0.4218 43
64 0.6718 59
64 0.9218
Miles per hour 1.609 Kilometers per hour
3
16 0.1875 7
16 0.4375 11
16 0.6875 15
16 0.9375 Miles per hour 0.8684 Knots per hour
13
64 0.2031 29
64 0.4531 45
64 0.7031 61
64 0.9531 Minutes 0.01667 Hours
7
32 0.2187 15
32 0.4687 23
32 0.7187 31
32 0.9687 Minutes (angle) 0.0002909 Radians
15
64 0.2343 31
64 0.4843 47
64 0.7343 63
64 0.9843 Minutes (angle) 60 Seconds (angle)
Ounces (fluid) 1.805 Cubic inches
1/4 0.2500 1/2 0.5000 3/4 0.7500 1 0.10000
Ounces per cubic inch 1.72999 Grams per cubic centimeter
Paschal (unit or force, 1.0 Newton per square meter
pressure)
English and Metric Pints 28.87 Cubic inches
Multiply By To Obtain Pints 0.125 Gallons
Acres 43,560 Square feet Pounds 453.6 Grams
Acres 0.001562 Square miles Pounds 0.4536 Kilograms
Acres 4,840 Square yards Pounds of water 0.01602 Cubic feet of water
Barrels, water 31.5 Gallons Pounds of water 27.68 Cubic inches of water
Barrels, water 263 Pounds Pounds of water 0.1198 Gallons
Barrels, oil (API) 42 Gallons Pounds per cubic foot 0.01602 Grams per cubic centimeter
Barrels per day 0.02917 Gallons per minute Pounds per cubic foot 16.0185 Kilograms per cubic meter
Centimeter 0.3937 Inches Pounds per square foot 4.88241 Kilograms per square meter
Cubic centimeters 0.006102 Cubic inches Pounds per square foot 47.8803 Newtons per square meter
Cubic feet 1,728 Cubic inches Pounds per square inch 2.307 Feet of water
Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards Pounds per square inch 2.036 Inches of mercury
Cubic feet 7.481 Gallons Pounds per square inch 0.689476 Newtons per square centimeter
Cubic feet 0.1781 Barrels (oilfield) Quarts (U.S.) 57.75 Cubic inches
Cubic feet 28.3160 Liters Quarts (U.S.) 57.75 Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards Quarts (U.S.) 0.946331 Liters
Cubic feet per minute 0.4719 Liter per second Radians 57.30 Degrees
Cubic inches 16.3871 Cubic centimeters Radians per second 9.549 Revolutions per minute
Cubic yards 27 Cubic feet Square centimeters 0.1550 Square inches
Cubic yards 0.764555 Cubic meters Square feet 144 Square inches
Degrees (angle) 0.01745 Radians Square feet 0.00002296 Acres
Degree Fahrenheit [degF 32] 1.8 Degree Celsius Square feet 929 Square centimeters
(degF) or [degF 32] 59 (degC) Square inches 6.4516 Square centimeters
Feet 30.48 Centimeters Square inches 0.006944 Square feet
Feet 12 Inches Square miles 640 Acres
Feet 0.3048 Meters Square miles 2.59 Square kilometers
Feet 0.0001894 Miles Square kilometer 247.1 Acres
Feet of water (depth) 0.4335 Pounds per square inch Square meters 10.76 Square feet
Feet 0.3048 Meters Square meters 0.0002471 Acres
Foot pounds 1.35582 Joules Square yards 9 Square feet
Foot pounds 0.138255 Meter-kilograms Square yards 0.8361 Square meters
Furlongs 660 Feet Temperature 1.8 Temperature
Gallons (imperial) 1.209 Gallons (U.S.) (degrees Celsius) (degC) (+ 32 degrees) (degrees Fahrenheit) (degF)
Gallons (imperial) 4.54609 Liters Temperature (degrees 5
9 or 0.5556 Temperature
Gallons (U.S.) 3,785.434 Cubic centimeters Fahrenheit) (degF) ( 32 degrees) (degree Celsius) (degC)
Gallons (U.S.) 0.02381 Barrels, oil Tons (long) 2,240 Pounds
Gallons (U.S.) 0.1337 Cubic feet Tons (metric) 2,205 Pounds
Gallons (U.S.) 3.785 Liters Tons (short) 2,000 Pounds
Gallons per minute 0.002228 Cubic feet per second Yards 0.9144 Meters
Gallons per minute 34,286 Barrels per day Yards 91.44 Centimeters
83
Reference
Buoyancy factor
Buoyancy Factor k
Mud Density k Mud Density k
kg/l lbm/galUS lbm/ft3 kg/l lbm/galUS lbm/ft3
1.00 8.35 62.4 0.873 1.62 13.52 101.2 0.793
1.02 8.51 63.7 0.869 1.64 13.68 102.4 0.791
1.04 8.68 64.9 0.867 1.66 13.85 103.7 0.789
1.06 8.85 66.2 0.864 1.68 14.02 104.9 0.786
1.08 9.01 67.4 0.862 1.70 14.18 106.2 0.783
1.10 9.18 68.7 0.859 1.72 14.35 107.4 0.781
1.12 9.31 69.9 0.857 1.74 14.52 108.7 0.779
1.14 9.51 71.2 0.854 1.76 14.68 109.9 0.776
1.16 9.68 72.4 0.852 1.78 14.85 111.2 0.773
1.18 9.85 73.7 0.849 1.80 15.02 112.4 0.771
1.20 10.01 74.9 0.847 1.82 15.18 113.7 0.768
1.22 10.18 76.2 0.844 1.84 15.35 114.9 0.765
1.24 10.35 77.47 0.842 1.86 15.53 116.2 0.763
1.26 10.52 78.7 0.839 1.88 15.69 117.4 0.760
1.28 10.68 79.9 0.837 1.90 15.86 118.7 0.758
1.30 10.85 81.2 0.834 1.92 16.02 119.9 0.755
1.32 11.02 82.4 0.832 1.94 16.18 121.2 0.752
1.34 11.18 83.7 0.829 1.96 16.36 122.4 0.749
1.36 11.35 84.9 0.827 1.98 16.53 123.7 0.747
1.38 11.52 86.2 0.824 2.00 16.69 124.9 0.745
1.40 11.68 87.4 0.822 2.02 16.86 126.2 0.742
1.42 11.85 88.7 0.819 2.04 17.02 127.4 0.739
1.44 12.02 89.9 0.817 2.06 17.18 128.7 0.737
1.46 12.18 91.2 0.814 2.08 17.36 129.9 0.734
1.48 12.35 92.4 0.812 2.10 17.53 131.2 0.732
1.50 12.52 93.7 0.809 2.12 17.69 132.4 0.729
1.52 12.68 94.9 0.837 2.14 17.86 133.7 0.727
1.54 12.85 96.2 0.804 2.16 18.02 134.9 0.725
1.56 13.02 97.4 0.801 2.18 18.19 136.2 0.722
1.58 13.18 98.7 0.798 2.20 18.36 137.4 0.719
1.60 13.35 99.9 0.796 2.22 18.54 1338.7 0.717
Mud Density
hence: Buoyancy Factor (k) = 1
Steel Density
84
Reference
Fixed cutter bit nozzle installation
08/32
09/32
10/32
11/32
12/32
13/32
14/32
15/32
16/32
17/32
18/32
19/32
20/32
21/32
22/32
Wrenches
Series 30: 60007986
Series 40: 60018251
Series 50: 60024519
Series 60: 60003448
Vortexx 60: 60005675
O-Ring Series
N30 Series N40 Series N50 Series N60 Series Series 30: 60007985
Series 40: 60007985
Series 50: 60019245
Series 60/Vortexx 60: 60003276
85
Reference
Nozzle comparison chart
86
Reference
Roller Cone Diverging Nozzle Hydraulics Chart
Physical Nozzle Size, in Pressure Nozzle Size, in Equivalent Pressure Area, in2
8
32 10
32 0.077
9
32 11
32 0.093
10
32 12
32 0.110
11
32 13
32 0.130
12
32 14
32 0.150
13
32 16
32 0.196
14
32 17
32 0.222
15
32 18
32 0.249
16
32 19
32 0.277
17
32 20
32 0.307
18
32 21
32 0.338
19
32 22
32 0.371
20
32 24
32 0.442
22
32 26
32 0.518
24
32 28
32 0.601
Approximately 20% of the total flow should be programmed through center jet.
Note: For hydraulic calculations, determine the corresponding equivalent nozzle
size for the spesific diverging nozzle size.
For example 1232 is the equivalent nozzle size in hydraulic calculations for
a 1032 diffuser nozzle size.
87
Reference
Nozzle types and applications for roller cone bits
Bit Size, in Milled Tooth Series Jet/Air Series TCI Series All Three-Cone Bits
Open Sealed ALL Sealed/ TCT, Full-Extended Q-Tubes Mini-Jets
Bearing Bearing Journal Two-Cone Tubes MT TCI
Bearing Outer Jets
31851/2 55 55
57863/4 70 70 70 70 72/74 72/74
738758 95 95 95 95
778838 95 95 95 95 70 97 98
81/283/4 95 95 95 95 70 97 98
91/2978 95 95 95 95 95 97 98/99
1058121/4 95 95 95 95 95 70 95 97/98 98/99
131/2143/4 100 100 100 100 70 100 105 105
1628 100 100 100 100 95 100 105 105
88
Reference
658 in API pin restrictor nozzle
Pin restrictors are installed in the pin of the bit and require a
modified pin for installation. The modification can be made on
the bit when first built, or it can be retrofitted after the bit is
manufactured. Two sleeves are designed to fit into the modified
pin. A nozzle sleeve can be installed when a pin restrictor is 6 58 in API Pin restrictor assembly with nozzles
required. A blank sleeve can be installed when no pin restrictor
isrequired.
89
Reference
Maximum cone dimensions for three-cone rock bits and
Approximate bit weights
Maximum cone dimensions for three-cone rock bits Approximate bit weights
Size Range, Maximum Diameter, Maximum Length, Milled Tooth Approx. Weight, TCI Approx. Weight,
in [mm] in [mm] in [mm] lbm [kg] lbm [kg]
31/2378 [8998] 238 [60] 158 [41] 10 [5] 12 [5]
43/4 [121] 278 [73] 218 [54] 15 [7] 20 [9]
57861/4 [149150] 41/4 [108] 318 [79] 35 [16] 45 [20]
61/263/4 [165172] 41/2 [114] 31/2 [89] 45 [20] 55 [25]
7388 [187203] 51/4 [133] 4 [102] 75 [34] 85 [39]
81881/2 [206216] 578 [149] 418 [105] 90 [41] 95 [43]
8589 [219229] 618 [156] 458 [117] 95 [43] 100 [45]
91891/2 [232241] 61/2 [165] 438 [111] 125 [57] 130 [59]
9 89 8
5 7
[245251] 63/4 [171] 43/4 [121] 135 [61] 145 [66]
101058 [254270] 71/4 [184] 51/2 [140] 165 [75] 175 [180]
111178 [279302] 778 [200] 578 [149] 195 [89] 210 [95]
12121/4 [305311] 8 [203] 618 [156] 205 [93] 225 [102]
131/415 [337381] 958 [244] 758 [194] 345 [157] 380 [173]
16 [406] 101/4 [260] 818 [206] 410 [186] 450 [205]
171/2 [445] 111/2 [292] 858 [219] 515 [234] 545 [248]
181/2 [470] 12 [305] 9 [229] 525 [239] 570 [259]
20 [508] 121/2 [318] 958 [244] 625 [284] 700 [318]
22 [559] 133/4 [349] 101/2 [267] 1,000 [455] 1,170 [532]
24 [610] 151/4 [387] 111/4 [286] 1,385 [629] 1,400 [636]
26 [660] 16 [406] 123/4 [324] 1,450 [659] 1,550 [704]
28 [711] 17 [432] 13 [330] 1,550 [704] 1,650 [750]
90
Reference
Roller Cone Bit Nozzling Procedures
91
Reference
Rock Bit Comparison Chart
Milled tooth 1. Standard roller bearing 4. Sealed roller bearing 5. Sealed roller bearing gauge protected
Series Formations Types Smith Hughes Reed- Security Smith Hughes Reed- Security Smith Hughes Reed- Security
Bits Christensen Hycalog DBS Bits Christensen Hycalog DBS Bits Christensen Hycalog DBS
1 Soft 1 DSJ R1 Y11 XN1 SDS GTX-1 XR+ GTX-G1 T11 XT1
Formations/ GSSH+ MAX-GT1 EMS11G XT1S
Low- TCTi+ MX-1 ETS11G XL1N
Compressive MXL-1
Strength MXL-1V
2 DTJ
3 DGJ R3 Y13 XN3 MGG GTX-3 GGH+ GTX-G3 T13 XT3
MSDGH MAX-GT3 EMS13G EBXT3
MX-3 ETS13G
2 Med. to 1 XN4 SVH XT4
Med.-Hard M4N XT4S
Formations/ 2 OFM DR5
High-
Compressive 3
Strength
3 Hard, Semi- 1 XN5
Abrasive 2 R7
Formations
3
4
Milled tooth 6. Sealed friction bearing 7. Sealed friction bearing gauge protected
Series Formations Types Smith Hughes Reed- Security Smith Hughes Reed- Security
Bits Christensen Hycalog DBS Bits Christensen Hycalog DBS
1 Soft 1 FDS HP11 XS1 XR+ GT-1 TC10 XSC1
Formations/ XSC1 FDS+ MX-1 TC11 XLC1
Low- TCTi+ MXL-1 SL11 EBXS1
Compressive MXL-1V TD11 EBXSC1
Strength STR-1 D11 EBXLC1
STX-1
2 FDT HP12 XSC2 SL12
HP12
3 HP13 MFDGH MX-3 HP13G XS3
FDGH D13 XL3
2 Med. to 1 ATJ-4 M44NF GFVH ATJ-G4 HP21G XS4
Med.-Hard FVH XL3
Formations/ 2
High-
Compressive 3
Strength
3 Hard, 1
Semi- 2 H77F
Abrasive
Formations 3
4 ATJ-G8
92
Reference
Rock Bit Comparison Chart
TCI 5. Sealed roller bearing Gauge protected 7. Sealed friction bearing Gauge protected
Series Formations Types Smith Bits Hughes Reed- Security Smith Bits Hughes Reed- Security
Christensen Hycalog DBS Christensen Hycalog DBS
4 Soft 1 GSi01B, GS01, GTX00, GX00 T41, XT0005, GFSi01, GFS04, GFS04B, MFS04, GT00, MX00, GT03, HR90, HR99, XS0005,
Formations/ GS01B, GS02B, MAXGT00, EMS41H EBXT0005 MFi04 MX03, GX00, GX03, STX90,STX99, STR90, XL0005,
Low- GS02T, GS03B MXL00, GTX03, STR03, H03, MXL00, HR95, GX95, MX99 EBXS0005,
Compressive Gi03B, G04B, GX03, MAXGT03, MXL03 EBXL0005
Strength GS04B, TCTi01 MXL03
2 GS05, GS05B GXT03C T42, XT0609, GF05, GF05B, GFi05B, GFSi06, STR05C, HX05C TD42H, R07A XS0609,
GSi06B, G08B, EMS42H EBXT0609 MF05B XL0609,
GS08B EBXS0609,
EBXL0609
3 G10B, G10T GTX09, MX09, T43, XT1013, F10, F10B, F12, F12Y, GF08B, GT09, STR09, STX09, SL43H, TD43, TD43A, XS1013,
GS10B, GSi12B MAXGT09 GTX11, EMS43A, EBXT1013 GF10B, GF10HB, GFS10B, GF12T, STX09H, HX09, GX11, TD43H, D43, HP43A, XL1013,
GSi12UB, TCT10 MX11, MX11S, EMS43H XR12, MF10T, MFS10T, XR10T, MX09, MX11, MX11H, HP43H, R09A, R12A, EBXS1013,
MXL09 TCT11, TCT12 MXL09, MXL11 RD12, R14 EBXL1013
4 GSi15B, G15, MAXGT18 MX18 T44, XT1417, FH16, FH16B, FHi18, MF15M, GT18, STR18, STX18, TD44, TD44H, TD44X, XS1417,
GSi18B, GSi20B, EMS44H, EBXT1417 F15T, MF15B, MF19, GF15, H18, HX18, GX18, D44, HP44H, HP44X, XL1417,
G11Y, M15S, EMS44A GF15B, GF15Y, GFS15B, XR15, MX18, MXL18 R14A, RD15, R15A, R15 EBXS1417,
15JS XR15T, XRi15G EBXL1417
5 Soft to 1 G20, GS20B, G25, GTX20, MAXGT20 T51, XT1823, F15H, F2, MF2, MF15H, FHi20, GT20, STR20, STX20, SL51H,TD51, TD51A, XS1823,
Medium- G20B, 20GMS, MX20, MXL20, EMS51A, EBXT1823 FHi21, FHi23, GFi20, GF21, H20, HX20, GX20, TD51H, TD51X, D51, XL1823,
Hard 2JS, GSi20B GTX22 MX22 EMS51H GF25, GFS20, MFS20, XR20, MX20, GX22, MX22, HP51H, P51A, HP51H, EBXS1823,
Formations/ XR20B, XR25, F25Y, GF20Y, GX23, GX25, MXL20 HP51X, R19A, R20A, EBXL1823
Low- XR20Y,TCTi20 R21A, R22A, RD21
Compressive 2 G28B GTX20C T52, XT2427, GF26, F27, GFS28, FHi28, GT20C, GT28, H28, TD52,TD52A,TD52H, XS2427,
Strength MAXGT20CG EMS52H EBXT2427 GFi28B, FHi29, Fhi25, F26Y, HX28, GX20C, GX28, TD52i, TD52X, HP52, XL2427,
MX20C, MX28G MF26Y, FHi24Y, F27A, F27IY, MX20C, MX28, MXL28 HP52X, R24A, R25A, EBXS2427,
GF27Y, XR20TY R26A, RD25, R27, R28A EBXL2427
3 G30, GS30B 3JS MX30H, T53, XT2833, F3, F30, FH30, F30T, FHi30, STR30, STX30, GT30, SL53,SL53A,TD53, XS2833,
MAXGT30 EMS53, EBXT2833 FHi31, FH32, GF30, GF30B, STX35, GX30, H30, TD53A, TD53B, XL2833,
EMS53A, GF30T, MF30T, XR30, XR32, HX30, MX30, MXL30 TD53H, D53,HP53, EBXS2833,
ETS53A F30Y, FH30Y HP53A, HP53H, JA53, EBXL2833
R30,R30A, RD33
4 GTX30C, GTX33, T54 XT3439, FHi35, GFi35, F30Y, F37Y, FHi37Y, GT30C, STR30C, STR, TD54A, TD54X, TD54, XS3439,
MAXGT30CG, EBXT3439 FHi38Y,, F39Y, GFi35YG, F37Y, 35C, STX30C, HR38C, R34A, R35A, R36A XL3439,
MX33CG XR30Y, XRi35, XR35Y HR30C, HR35, GX30C, EBXS3439,
GX35, GX38, MX35C EBXL3439
6 Medium- 1 G40, G40Y, ETS61A XT4045, FH40, FHi45, F40, F45H, MF4H, STR40, HR40, HR44, SL61, SL61A, TD61, XS4045,
Hard G40YB, 4JS EBXT4045 GF40H, GF40Y, Xr38, XR40, STX40, GX44, MX40, TD61A, HP61A, HP61H, XL4045,
Formations/ XR45Y, F40Y, F40YA, F47Y, MX44 R40A, R40 EBXS4045,
High- F47YA, FH43Y, GF47Y EBXL4045
Compressive 2 GT40C, MX44C EMS62 XT4651, F50, FHi50, FHi50Y, F46HY, STR40C, STR44C, SL62,SL62A,SL62X, XS4651,
Strength EBXT4651 F47HY, GF45Y, GF50Y, XR40Y, STX44C, HR40C, TD62, TD62A, HP62, XL4651,
XR40YA, XR45Y, XR50 HR44C, GX44C, GX45C, HP62A, HP62H, JA62, EBXS4651,
MX40C, MX44C, R44A, R45, R48 EBXL4651
MXL44C
3 MX55 XT5258 F57Y, F57HY, GF50YB, F50YA, STR50, STR50A, STX50, SL63, TD63, HP63, R50 XS5258,
XR50Y HR50, HR55, GX55, XL5258,
MX50, MX55 EBXS5258,
EBXL5258
4 XT6169 F59Y, F59HY, F67Y, GF67Y, HR60, HR66, HR68, TD64, TD64H, HP64, XS6169,
XRi65Y STX60, MX66, MX68 HP64H, R60, R65 EBXS6169
7 Hard, Semi- 1 XT7175 XS7175,
Abrasive EBXS7175
and Abrasive 3 XT7781 F7, XR68Y, XR68HY, XR70Y STR70, STX70, HR70 SL73, HP73 XS7781,
Formations EBXS7781
4 XT8389 XR75Y TD74,HP74,R75 XS8389,
EBXS8389
8 Extremely 1 XT9193 F80Y, GF80Y, XR80Y HR80, HR88, STX80, TD81, HP81, R80, R85 XS9193,
Hard and STX88, STR80, MX88 EBXS9193
Abrasive 2 XT9597 F85Y HR89 XS9597,
Formations EBXS9597
3 XT99 F90Y, FHi90Y, XR90Y HR90, HR99, STX90, SL83, TD83, HP83, XS99,
STX99, STR90, HR95, R90, R95 EBXS99
GX95 ,MX99
93
Reference
Smith Bits roller cone bit nomenclature
Seal and Bearing Prefix Product Type Example Cutting Structure and Feature Suffix Product Type Example
DNon-sealed (open) bearing Milled Tooth DSJ AAir application bit Insert F47A
SSingle seal, roller bearing Milled Tooth SDGH BBinary carbide gauge Insert GFS10B
FSingle seal, friction bearing All F15 BDBinary diamond gauge Insert GS03BD
MSingle seal, roller bearing motor bit All MSDGH CCenter jet All F10C
MFSingle seal, friction bearing motor bit All MFDGH DSRT diamond gauge Insert XR30D
DDFully diamond enhanced cutting structure Insert MF37DD
Premium Product Type Prefix Product Type Example GSuper-D Gun cone coating Insert F12YG
FHFH, single seal, friction bearing Insert FH23 HHeavy set gauge design Insert F37H
GFGemini twin seal, friction bearing All GF30 IInclined chisel on gauge Insert F27I
GGemini twin seal, roller bearing All G18 LLug Pads pressed with tungsten carbide inserts All FH45L
XRXplorer, single seal, friction bearing Insert XR25 LDLug pads pressed with diamond inserts All MF15LD
XR+Xplorer Expanded Milled Tooth XR+ NNominal gauge diameter All GF05N
ODDiamond heel (50%) All F57OD
Milled Tooth Cutting Structures Product Type Example OD1Diamond heel (100%) All XR25OD1
SSoft formation type Milled Tooth FDS PS SRT tungsten carbide legback protection All FH28PS
TSoft to medium formation type Milled Tooth DTJ PDSRT diamond legback protection All F37PD
GMedium formation type Milled Tooth FDGH RUpper and Lower tungsten carbide All GS18R
VMedium to hard formation type Milled Tooth SVH legbackprotection
SSelf sharpening hard facing Milled Tooth MSDSSH RDUpper and Lower diamond legback protection All F50RD
HHeel inserts Milled Tooth SDSH SDShaped diamond gauge and Insert G25SD
50% Diamond heel
+Premium Milled tooth cutting structure Milled Tooth FDS+
SD1Shaped diamond gauge and Insert MF20SD1
100% Diamondheel
Insert Cutting Structures Product Type Example TTrucut carbide gauge Insert XR20T
S Shamal design Insert GFS10 TDTrucut diamond gauge inserts Insert XR32TD
0099Insert bit digits (00 Softest99 Hardest) Insert FH50 UUnconventional cutting structure/feature All GS18U
VV-Flo hydraulics All FH35V
WSofter than standard insert grades Insert XR15W
YConical cutting structure Insert F 59Y
3278 in connection All XR30-3
(not Smith Bits default size 238 in)
6658 in connection All XR-6
(not Smith Bits default size 758 in)
7758 in connection All XR-7
(not Smith Bits default size 858 in)
94
Reference
IADC dull bit grading
95
Reference
Stinger element dull bit grading
0 (0% wear)
4 (50% wear) WTNo wear (Level 0 severity) WTMinimal wear WTMinor wear
(Level 1 severity) (Level 2 severity)
8 (100% wear)
Stinger element wear can be recorded CTChipped element SPSpalling BTBroken element
from a linear scale of WT0 to WT8, with 0
representing no wear and 8 representing
no diamond tableremaining.
96
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