Mt s bn ng nghip thng hay hi ti ?

Hin nay ga R12 cm

th ly ga g thay th ,thay du no cho ng ? C nhiu bn tranh
lun ci c nhau lm cch ny ,cch khc quan im khng ai ging
ai .Ti c ni ng sch cng khng ai dm tin mnh .V tnh yu ngh
lnh ti dm mnh dn tm s cng cc bn nhng nhng hiu bit
nhn thc ca mnh v vn nay Hin nay theo ngh nh th
MONTREAL hn nh loi tr cc cht ph hy tng zn p dng
cho cc nc pht trin n nay ht hn ,trong cht CFC
( Chloro-fluoro-carbon) gm cc loai ga R11(CFC11) v R12 (CFC12)
l cc cht c tim nng ph hy tn zn rt cao nn b cm t
ngy 01/01/1996 . nc ta hn ny ko di thm vi nm chuyn
i sang R134a, n nm 2010 ht hn ,cm tuyt i khng c
sn xut v nhp khu vo Vit Nam . Vi nm trc y theo ng
tiu ngch hay nhp chui ,nhng sang n nay th lng ga nhp lu
cng cn rt t. Theo cc tin tc t mi trng quc t h c
ngi sang tn Trung quc nm vng 5 nm mi tm ra xut s ni
sn xut ga R12 ca mt s cc cng ty TQ .My nm trc y h
pht hin c dng dy xuyn quc gia , ng ga R12 R134a ghi
mc tem nhn n ,Mehico ,Spainxut i cc nc trn ri li
nhp khu i mt s nc ng Nam trong c Vit Nam . V th
ga R12 hin c trn th trng l khng chnh thng ,ngun gc xut
x khng r . Cht lng khng c ai kim nh . Chnh v vy my
nm qua ga lu nhp v Vit Nam np vo my c 1 thi gian
lm h hng rt nhiu Block .Nhiu th tm s c lm l cht c khi
phi b ngh v phi bo hnh bi thng cho khch .Ti i nhiu
tnh cc bn b ti cng ku la nhiu v ga R12 ,R134a TQ ,c ngi
cn ni TQ dit VN ,ngi khc ni : Dng s dit Block cht ln
thnh ni. Ti bit thng tin v cng b mc mt hai ln nn ti rt
kinh nghim, au u trn tr tm nguyn nhn gy ra ri cho dng
ngay khng np ga R12 ,R134a TQ na. hn 5 nm nay khng
cht con block no. Ti cng khuyn bn b nn chuyn i ,c
ngi nghe c nhiu ngi khng nghe c lm cho n nay c
ngi vn tham r h vn lm .Ti cng b tay @ khng cch no
hiu ni ?
Theo quan im kin nh ca ti : Hin tng Block cht nhiu va
qua l do ga R12 cht lng khng nguyn cht ,nhiu tp cht gc
M Tan ,Ga R134a TQ cng c nhiu tp cht gc M Tan kt hp vi
du v m trong Block to ra hn hp . Khi ga ny i vo bung t
chi p sut nn >18at v nhit hng trm C .Mt phn hn
hp kh M Tan b chy ,to ra A xt Cc Bon (Bt mu en ,khi tc
dng vi du thnh bt mu nu en .Ch yu chy bm bung t
,mt trn qui lt my , bm vo l van ht, nn lm knh l van mt
hi . Cc bt axt Cc Bon ny qua dn nng quyn vi du to bt
en ,nu lm tc phi lc ,c nhiu trng hp lt qua phin lc vo
cp lm tc cp gy tr lc cao gy qu ti , dn n hin tng
Bkock chy hng lot .V th ti khuyn co cc bn ng nghip
khng nn s dng ga R12 v R134a TQ , ch nn dng ga DUPONT
SUVA 134a M , Nht n c giy chng nhn c ngun gc xut
s r rng ,tin cy . Cn du nn dng EMKARATE k hiu RL 68 H ,
hay du lng tnh TOTAN c bn cc ca hng vt t in lnh uy
tn trn ton quc .
Cng nhn y ti xin gii thiu ga R134a ,R410a v Du Polyester
( POE) da theo ti liu ca PGS TIN S : Nguyn c Li . Vit
trong cun Ga, Du v cht ti lnh , cc bn tham kho nm bt
thng tin v ga, du .Hiu r bn cht ca n , t tin m lm ngh
lnh tt hn .
HFC (hydroflurocarbon) hp cht ha hc ca cc bon vi c
nguyn t hydro, Flo . V khng c Clo v Brom nn cc HFC khng
ph hy tng zon v thi gian di c coi l ga lnh ca tng lai
. R134a khng gy nhim mi trng ch s ODP = 0 .Nhit si
-26 C ,tnh cht l ha tng ng vi R12 nng sut lnh ring
th tch bng hoc hn R12 ,hiu sut cao nht -20 C. R134a
khng chy n nn an ton , khng n mn kim loi v phi kim
loi , .Nhng c tc dng lm trng phng platic v elastome nh :
PE, PP, PVC, PA, PC cc mc khc nhau, nn cc loi zong
pht bng nha v ng dn ga cao su t d b xm thc .Dy
phn t kch thc 3 Angstroem c s dng lm phin sy cho
R134a . Tuy nhin ga R134a c GWP ln hn na li phi s dng
du Polyester (POE) l loi du ht m cc mnh ,lm cho h thng
lnh b nhim bn khi tin hnh dch v sa cha v bo dng .
Gy kh khn cho cng tc v snh thit b my lnh . Mt s nc
chu u EU ngh cm R134a v GDP =1300 v dch v rt kh
khn , M ,Nht vn s dng ga ny. Theo kinh nghim ca ti
thng lm nu h thng my sch ( cha b np ga khc, ch b
tc ,bn tc ,hay r r ga ,ch cn thi sch lai bng Nito ,sau ht
k chn khng bng my chuyn dng ri np ga chun l c ) .
Nu t c ngi khc lm ri cn cnh gic thn trng ,theo ti tt
nht l lm tng th t A n Z .Tho block ra thi sch du c thay
du mi ng chng loi vi ga ,thi sch dn nng v dn lnh
nhiu ln bng kh Ni T (hoc ga R22 xt hi ri x lng) rt hiu qu
.Trng hp dn nng qu bn ta nn thi xng thm vo dn nng
(v xng c A x tn nn ha tan vi bi tum, du ,cc bon c trong h
thng my rt tt) thi vi ln s sch .Sau bn nn thi li dn
bng t du lnh trng qua b mt ng ng chng b xy ha
do Flo ,Clo cn li trong h thng gy ra xy phn ng rt nhanh lm
si ra mc lng bt r trong lng ng ng dn nng. Ngoi ra cc
bn c th thi cp nu b bn, tc nh ,nh ht Metanol vo cp
thng ra ngm 1-2 gi ri thi sch bn .Nu yn tm nn thay cp
v c dn nng l thng sch tn thi gian lm 1 nht n lin
.Sau cng bn ht chn khng 2 u c ng np ga v ng x
kh t ui phin lc trong vng 60 pht .Ri tin hnh np ga theo
cch bn vn lm nh l phi lc bnh ga trc khi np y nh .
Cn v ga R410A hn hp ga lnh quan trng thuc nhm gn ng
si, nhit si thng -51.5 C gm R32/r125 t l khi lng
50/50 % ,l ga lnh thay th cho R22 v R13B1,dng trong my lnh ,
iu ha khng kh v bm nhit mi cng nh trong cc h thng
lnh su .Khc bit vi R22 l R410a c p sut ngng t cao hn
khong 1.6 ln. Nng sut lnh ring cng ln hn 1.6 ln .V vy ta
thy h thng ga R410a gn hn ga R22 , kh nng khc bit khc
R410a l p cao v nng sut lnh . cc tnh cht vt l khc khng
gy khng c hi ,bn vng ha hc v khng n mn vt liu ch
to my.Cc tnh cht khc tng t cc HFC v hn hp khng
ng si . V d khi ga b r r phi x i np li ton b cho h thng
v phi np dng lng .i vi hn hp khng ng si khng c
khi nim np b xung .
Ngoi ra khi lp t my R410a Phi ht chn khng dn v h thng
mi c np .Nu khng c th khng kh v m kt hp vi ga du
vi p sut tng thch c th gy nguy c chy n my. Dng ng
h v ct np ring cho ga R410a ,ng ng lp cho my c dy
ng knh 7.1 ,do p sut ga cao gp 1.6 ln ga R22 nn r lm n
dy np ga v v ng ng d gy r r ga cc khp ni, lm tht
thot ga v sau ny.

Du dng ga R134a ,R600a l du tng hp trn c s Ester thng

dng cho cc cht HCFC v CFC thng c k hiu ch ci ng u
dng E nh E46 , E68 , E100 bay hi t -30 n - 40 C .Khi mua
cc bn nn chn du c ch E c ngh l Ester .Loi du ny ht
m rt cao 24% nn du cn y kn np,khi tho my ra cn lm
ngay . Nu v l do no cha lm c cn hn bp cc ng
ng block v dn li ,trnh khng kh lt vo tc dng vi ga gy tc
bn hay tc m lm hng cc thit b .Cn cc loi du dng cho R12
V R22 ...l loi du gc khong v du tng hp.(nu dng ln ln
du bi trn km , ha tan vi ga yu ,tun hon du v my km
,lu di dn ti km lnh v hng c...)
Thng tin v cc cht thay th cho R134a Chu u ngi c a
ra kin nn thay th ga ny bng CO2 . Gn y mt nh my
Trung Quc li sng kin tm ra cht R600a c gc t M Tan khng
gy nhim mi trng ,nhng li d gy chy n , h ra ngoi
khng khi d bt la. c bit l Ga ny p sut thp nng sut lnh
cao, lnh nhanh ,nn tit kim c cng sut Block gim tiu th
in nng ,c mi trng th gii trao gii sng to .Theo xu
hng quc t trong tng lai ,c th dng R600a thay cho tt c t
lnh ang dng hin nay.V n em li ngun ga sch thn thin mi
trng v tit kim nng lng in m bo tiu ch cho tng lai .
Do cc hng danh ting trn th gii cng ang th nghim ra sn
phm t chy R600a thay th cho cc th h c trc y .