VOCABULARY CARDS

AND GRAMMATICAL FORMS SUMMARY

for
WHEELOCKS LATIN
by
Richard A. LaFleur
University of Georgia
and
Brad Tillery
North Oconee High School in Oconee County, Georgia

This package contains two convenient study-aids: vocabulary cards and a summary of
grammatical forms for use with the best-selling introductory Latin textbook, Wheelocks Latin.
The form summaries, including paradigms for noun and adjective declensions, pronouns, adverbs,
numerals, and regular and irregular verb conjugations, are reproduced from Wheelocks Latin for
handy reference.

The vocabulary cards are arranged in the same order as in Wheelocks Latin, chapter by chapter,
and because they are electronic, you wont lose any cards or have to carry around a card-box.

Each card contains, on one side, the full Latin vocabulary entry (with macrons, accents, and
complete principal parts for verbs and nominative and genitive forms for nouns) and, on the other
side, the English meanings given in Wheelock plus a selection of derivatives and cognates. The
cards are numbered consecutively from 1877, and an alphabetical list including these numbers
is also provided for cross-reference.

Cards for the chapter you are currently studying, as well as for any other words you have not yet
mastered, should be carried with you everywhere, on your iPod (or other media player) or laptop.
Always learn and practice vocabulary by pronouncing the words ALOUD, with careful attention
to long vowels and accents; and, remembering that repetitio est mater memoriae, you should
review and test yourself with these cards every day.

Wheelocks Latin, copyright by Martha Wheelock, Deborah Wheelock Taylor, and Richard A. LaFleur.
WHEELOCKS is a trademark of Martha Wheelock and Deborah Wheelock Taylor. Wheelocks Latin, by Frederic
M. Wheelock and revised by Richard A. LaFleur, is available through your local bookstore or online at
www.harpercollins.com

WHEELOCKS LATIN IS BETTER THAN EVER! Wheelocks Latin, 6th Edition, Revised: a comprehensive
introductory course, based on ancient authors, with self-tutorial exercises and key, extensive vocabularies and
supplementary readings, numerous illustrations and maps, online audio and Teachers Guide, in paperback and
hardcover. Also available: Workbook for Wheelocks Latin and the intermediate textbook Wheelocks Latin Reader.
HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022; www.harpercollins.com and
www.wheelockslatin.com

Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

Wauconda, Illinois USA
www.bolchazy.com www.wheelockslatin.com eclassics.ning.com
 Editor
Laurie Haight Keenan

Technical Editor
Andrew Reinhard

Vocabulary Cards and

Grammatical Forms Summary
for Wheelocks Latin

Richard A. LaFleur
and
Brad Tillery

Copyright 2005, 2008 by Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

All right reserved

Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.

1570 Baskin Road
Mundelein, Illinois 60060 USA
www.bolchazy.com

ISBN 978-0-86516-557-1
 Alphabetical LListing of Vocabulary For Wheelock's LLatin, Chapters 1-40

Each vocabulary entry is followed by its card number. Cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals appear at the end of this list.

B (ab) 300 animus 96 cadP 265 cPnsul 234 dFnique 624

abeP 803 annus 252 caecus 379 cPnsVmP 653 dFsJderP 389
absFns 797 ante 277 caelum 98 contemnP 777 deus 121
accFdP 774 antepPnP 754 Caesar 254 contendP 633 dexter 443
accipiP 527 antJquus 40 candidus 718 contineP 467 dJcP 227
Bcer 362 appellP 302 capiP 226 contrB 425 diFs 474
acerbus 260 apud 668 caput 233 contundP 778 difficilis 365
Bcriter 699 aqua 285 careP 445 cPpia 167 digitus 660
ad 177 arbitror 732 carmen 143 cPpiae 168 dignitBs 816
adeP 804 arbor 815 carpP 775 cornV 431 dignus 621
adferP 674 argVmentum 410 CarthBgP 516 corpus 145 dJligFns 576
adiuvP 93 arma 597 cBrus 241 cPtJdiF 772 dJligP 281
admittP 385 ars 286 casa 451 crBs 110 discFdP 447
adulFscFns 251 arx 494 causa 452 crFdP 544 discipula 135
adulFscentia 95 as 658 causB 453 creP 266 discipulus 122
adversus 729 Asia 253 cFdP 609 crFscP 734 discP 184
aedificium 837 asper 464 celer 364 culpa 99 dissimilis 577
aequus 482 at 423 celeriter 698 culpP 117 diV 262
aes 855 AthFnae 788 cFna 553 cum (prep.) 224 diV (comp.) 709
aestBs 749 atque (ac) 465 cFnP 116 cum (conj.) 667 dJves 684
aetBs 357 auctor 411 cernP 490 cupiditBs 214 dJvitiae 267
ager 51 audeP 164 certus 420 cupJdP 769 dP 11
agP 181 audiP 225 cFterJ 639 cupidus 842 doceP 185
agricola 52 audJtor 358 CicerP 166 cupiP 387 doctus 273
Bit 543 auris 287 cito 383 cVr 403 doleP 671
aliJ...aliJ 200 aut 381 cJvis 288 cVra 74 dolor 817
aliquis 503 aut...aut 382 cJvitBs 144 cVrP 779 domJ 790
alius 199 autem 245 clBrus 401 currP 303 domina 857
alP 280 auxilium 659 clFmentia 359 cursus 598 dominus 856
alter 201 avBrus 62 coepJ 386 custPdia 681 domP 792
amBbP tF 8 BvertP 514 cPgitP 9 dF 65 domum 791
ambulP 847 bBsium 71 cognPscP 651 dea 120 domus 789
amJca 53 beBtus 222 cPgP 776 dFbeP 10 dPnum 75
amJcitia 213 bellum 72 committP 316 dFcernP 780 dormiP 672
amJcus (n.) 53 bellus 85 commVnis 442 dFdicP 610 dubitP 654
amJcus (adj.) 240 bene 246 comprehendP 652 dFfendP 446 dVcP 186
BmittP 264 bene (cp.) 703 condP 632 dehinc 541 dulcis 366
amP 7 beneficium 412 cPnferP 675 deinde 404 dum 176
amor 142 bibP 650 coniVrBtJ 430 dFlectBtiP 573 dummodo 687
anima 726 bonus 86 cPnor 733 dFlectP 427 dVrus 622
animal 284 bonus (cp.) 590 cPnservP 18 dFleP 388 dux 495
animJ 97 brevis 363 cPnsilium 73 dFmPnstrP 183 FducP 507
egeP 611 fidFlis 537 homP 146 invJtP 572 loca 192
ego 236 fidFs 476 honor 638 ipse 270 locJ 193
Fgredior 735 fJlia 55 hPra 215 Jra 27 locus 191
elephantus 661 fJlius 56 hortor 737 JrBtus 753 longF 694
enim 210 fJnFs 456 hostFs 397 is 238 longus 371
eP 802 fJnis 455 hostis 396 iste 198 loquor 738
equus 496 fJP 782 hVmBnus 87 ita 625 lVdus 398
ergB 829 fJrmus 823 humilis 579 Italia 307 lVna 599
FripiP 491 flVmen 394 humus 793 itaque 315 lVx 557
errP 12 fluP 405 iaceP 545 iter 794 magister 77
est 50 for 874 iaciP 318 iterum 466 magistra 77
et 45 forJs 801 iam 426 iubeP 468 magnanimus 505
et...et 46 fPrma 25 iBnua 750 iVcundus 370 magnopere 706
etiam 247 fortasse 773 ibi 137 iVdex 415 magnus 41
etsJ 828 fortis 368 Jdem 239 iVdicium 416 magnus (cp.) 591
ex (F) 178 fortiter 697 idPneus 799 iungP 282 maior 580
excipiP 528 fortVna 26 igitur 107 iVs 289 maiPrFs 581
exeP 805 fortVnBtus 274 ignis 477 iVstus 864 male 704
exercitus 682 forum 554 ignPscP 756 iuvP 93 mBlP 688
exigP 781 foveP 755 ille 197 labor 147 malus 88
exitium 76 frBter 169 immortBlis 422 labPrP 469 malus (cp.) 592
expellP 531 frVctus 432 immPtus 800 lacrima 858 maneP 118
experior 848 fugiP 229 impediP 831 LatJnus 485 manus 434
expleP 612 fVrtim 644 imperBtor 518 laudP 13 mare 290
explicP 872 gaudeP 508 imperium 519 laus 170 mBter 255
expPnP 655 geminus 538 imperP 757 lFctor 770 mF 1
exsilium 662 gFns 457 in (+abl.) 66 lFctrJx 770 medica 256
exspectP 317 genV 433 in (+acc.) 211 legP 406 medicus 256
fBbula 517 genus 395 incertus 484 levis 380 mediocris 666
facile 702 gerP 187 incipiP 390 lFx 555 medius 486
facilis 367 glPria 100 ineP 806 libellus 377 memoria 308
faciP 228 gracilis 578 JnfJrmus 824 libenter 830 mFns 360
factum 268 Graecia 414 ingenium 616 lJber 103 mFnsa 558
fBma 24 Graecus (adj.) 127 ingFns 369 liber 124 mFnsa secunda 559
familia 413 Graecus (n.) 128 initium 710 lJberBlis 843 merus 719
fateor 736 grBtiBs agere 182 iniVria 838 lJberF 695 mFta 859
fatJgP 873 grBtus 798 inquit 492 lJberP 428 metuP 832
fBtum 615 gravis 421 Jnsidiae 123 lJbertBs 171 metus 435
fFlJciter 700 habeP 69 Jnsula 498 libP 849 meus 42
fFlJx 483 hasta 497 intellegP 248 licet 811 mJles 500
fFmina 54 herJ 111 inter 314 lJmen 556 minuP 656
fenestra 454 heu 722 interficiP 810 lingua 535 mJrBbilis 825
ferP 673 hic 196 inveniP 231 littera 148 mJror 758
ferPx 536 hJc 542 invideP 679 litterae 149 misceP 407
ferrum 475 hodiF 67 invidia 663 lJtus 499 miser 313
mittP 249 neque...neque 244 PrBtiP 820 plFnus 130 quandP 112
modus 478 nesciP 547 PrBtor 501 poena 32 quantus 640
moenia 617 neuter 202 PrnP 852 poenBs dare 33 quBrF 139
mPlior 739 nihil 3 & 79 PrP 784 poFta 34 quasi 846
molliP 634 nimis 212 Ps 293 pPnP 588 -que 134
moneP 14 nimium 212 Psculum 619 populus 58 queror 833
mPns 436 nisi 424 ostendP 509 porta 35 quJ (pron.) 378
monumentum 860 noceP 759 Ptium 82 possum 140 quJ (adj.) 419
mora 78 nPlP 689 pBr 685 post 162 quid 2
morbus 194 nPmen 152 parcP 761 posteB 526 quJdam (adj.) 563
mPrFs 151 nPn 4 parFns 601 postrFmum 870 quJdam (pron.) 562
morior 740 nPn sPlum... 205 pBreP 762 potFns 373 quidem 626
mors 291 nPnne 867 parP 429 prae 569 quJn 871
mortBlis 402 noster 104 pars 294 praebeP 691 quis (indef.) 717
mortuus 604 novus 161 parum 707 praemium 752 quis (int.) 418
mPs 150 nox 560 parvus 89 praestP 613 quisque 271
moveP 408 nVbFs 292 parvus (cp.) 594 praeter 866 quisquis 504
mox 645 nVbP 760 patefaciP 549 premP 511 quod 242
mulier 839 nVllus 203 pateP 690 prJmP 646 quondam 487
multum 705 num 868 pater 257 prJmus 345 & 582 quoniam 223
multus 43 numerus 57 patientia 258 prJnceps (adj.) 606 quoque 384
multus (cp.) 593 numquam 179 patior 742 prJnceps (n.) 605 quot 583
mundus 458 nunc 138 patria 29 prJncipium 259 rapiP 470
mVtP 304 nVntiP 548 paucJ 63 prior 595 ratiP 172
nam 276 nVper 263 pauper 686 prJstinus 826 re- (red-) 524
nBrrP 532 P 48 paupertBs 683 prius 708 recipiP 529
nBscor 741 obeP 807 pBx 153 prP 261 recitP 393
nBsus 861 oblectP 783 pectus 751 probitBs 399 recognPscP 834
nBta 618 occBsiP 600 pecVnia 30 probP 589 recreP 785
nBtVra 216 occidP 680 pellP 530 proficJscor 743 recVsP 724
nauta 28 oculus 80 per 278 prohibeP 449 redeP 809
nBvigP 391 PdJ 448 peregrJnor 812 prPmittP 692 referP 678
nBvis 459 odium 818 pereP 808 prPnVntiP 450 rFgJna 154
nF 608 offerP 677 perfugium 520 propter 109 regP 376
-ne 108 officium 81 perJculum 83 prPtinus 489 relinquP 471
nF...quidem 627 Plim 279 pernoctP 853 pudJcus 564 remaneP 118
nec 243 omnJnP 869 perpetuus 129 puella 36 remedium 84
nec...nec 244 omnis 372 persuBdeP 763 puer 59 remissiP 727
necesse 844 opFs 712 pFs 821 pugnP 635 repente 647
necP 165 opJnor 875 petP 510 pulcher 105 reperiP 876
neglegP 392 oportet 850 philosopha 713 pulchrF 696 requiFscP 813
negP 546 opprimP 512 philosophia 31 putP 550 requJrP 786
nFmP 235 oppugnP 851 philosophus 713 quaerP 533 rFs 479
nepPs 574 ops 711 placeP 764 quam (adv.) 375 rFs pVblica 480
neque 243 opus 819 plFbs 714 quam (conj.) 570 respondeP 636
revertP 515 sequor 746 suscipiP 552 Vnus 208 vJvP 232
rFx 155 serFnP 787 suspendP 835 urbBnus 568 vJvus 643
rJdeP 534 serva 521 suus 275 urbs 297 vocP 23
rJdiculus 642 serviP 766 SyrBcVsae 796 Vsque 670 volP 693
rogP 657 servitVs 439 taceP 614 ut (+indic.) 525 voluptBs 221
RPma 295 servP 17 tBlis 730 ut (+subjunct.) 607 vPx 728
RPmBnus 64 servus 521 tam 629 uter 209 vulgus 463
rosa 37 sJ 6 tam...quam 629 Vtilis 587 vulnus 523
rVmor 664 sJ quandP 113 tamquam 630 Vtor 748 vultus 863
rVs 795 sJc 628 tamen 180 utrum...an 649
rVsticor 744 sJdus 620 tangP 473 uxor 158 Cardinal Numerals
sacerdPs 502 signum 269 tantum 571 vae 731 I XXV 320 344
saepe 5 similis 584 tantus 623 valF 21 centum 310
sBl 715 sine 49 tantus..quantus 641 valeP 20 mJlia 312
salVs 460 sinister 444 tF 102 -ve 721 mJlle 311
salvF 16 sPl 575 tempestBs 309 vFndP 836
salveP 15 sPlBcium 522 tempus 156 veniP 230 Ordinal Numerals
salvus 131 soleP 814 teneP 305 ventus 841 prJmus - duodecimus
sBnus 106 sPlus 204 terra 157 verbum 101 345-356
sapiFns 539 somnus 561 terreP 19 vereor 877
sapienter 701 soror 174 timeP 319 vFritBs 219 Abbreviations
sapientia 60 spectP 747 timor 218 vFrP 631 abl. ablative
sapiP 765 speculum 716 tolerP 141 versus 441 acc. accusative
satiP 70 spFrP 551 tollP 493 vertP 513 adj. adjective
satis 114 spFs 481 tot 865 vFrus 92 adv. adverb
sator 822 spJritus 440 tPtus 206 vesper 603 conj. conjunction
satura 361 stFlla 602 trBdP 725 vester 133 cp. comparison
saxum 862 stP 283 trahP 189 vetus 845 indef. indefinite
scelus 417 studeP 767 trBns 301 via 220 indic. indicative
scientia 400 studium 195 trBnseP 854 vJcJna 462 inter. interrogative
sciP 472 stultus (adj.) 90 trBnsitus 840 vJcJnus 462 n. noun
scrJbP 188 stultus (n.) 91 trJstis 565 victPria 175 prep. preposition
scrJptor 173 suBvis 720 TrPia 461 videP 22 subjunct. subjunctive
sF cPnferre 676 sub 163 tV 237 videor 409
secundus 132 subitP 723 tum 115 vincP 190
sed 47 sublJmis 827 turba 296 vinculum 771
sedeP 745 subrJdeP 768 turpis 567 vJnum 665
semel 669 suJ 272 tuus 44 vir 61
semper 68 sum 94 tyrannus 125 vJrFs 299
senBtus 437 superbus 565 ubi 136 virgP 159
senectVs 217 superJ 586 Vllus 207 virtVs 160
senex 374 superP 119 ultimus 540 vJs 298
sFnsus 438 superus 585 ultrB 488 vJta 39
sententia 38 superus (cp.) 596 umquam 506 vitium 126
sentiP 250 surgP 637 unde 648 vJtP 306
 SUMMARY OF FORMS
FOR WHEELOCKS LATIN

NOUNSDECLENSIONS
First Second Third
porta, -ae amcus, - puer, - ager, -gr donum, - rex, regis corpus, -oris
f., gate m., friend m., boy m., field n., gift m., king n., body
Sg.
N. port-a amc-us1 puer ager don-um rex corpus
G. port-ae amc- puer- agr- don- reg-is corpor-is
D. port-ae amc-o puer-o agr-o don-o reg- corpor-
A. port-am amc-um puer-um agr-um don-um reg-em corpus
Ab. port-a amc-o puer-o agr-o don-o reg-e corpor-e
Pl.
N. port-ae amc- puer- agr- don-a reg-es corpor-a
G. port-arum amc-orum puer-orum agr-orum don-orum reg-um corpor-um
D. port-s amc-s puer-s agr-s don-s reg-ibus corpor-ibus
A. port-as amc-os puer-os agr-os don-a reg-es corpor-a
Ab. port-s amc-s puer-s agr-s don-s reg-ibus corpor-ibus

Third (I-Stems) Fourth Fifth

cvis, -is urbs, -is mare, -is fructus, -us cornu,-us dies, -e
m., citizen f., city n., sea m., fruit n., horn m., day
Sg.
N. cv-is urb-s mar-e fruct-us corn-u di-es
G. cv-is urb-is mar-is fruct-us corn-us di-e
D. cv- urb- mar- fruct-u corn-u di-e
A. cv-em urb-em mar-e fruct-um corn-u di-em
Ab. cv-e urb-e mar- fruct-u corn-u di-e
Pl.
N. cv-es urb-es mar-ia fruct-us corn-ua di-es
G. cv-ium urb-ium mar-ium fruct-uum corn-uum di-erum
D. cv-ibus urb-ibus mar-ibus fruct-ibus corn-ibus di-ebus
A. cv-es urb-es mar-ia fruct-us corn-ua di-es
Ab. cv-ibus urb-ibus mar-ibus fruct-ibus corn-ibus di-ebus
Vs is irregular: Sg., N., vs, G. (vs), D. (v), A. vim. Ab. v; Pl., N. vres, G. vrium, D. vribus, A. vres,
Ab. vribus.

1
The vocative singular of nouns like amcus and
of masculine adjectives like magnus ends in -e. The
vocative singular of f lius and of names in -ius ends in
a single - (f l, Vergil); the vocative singular of the
masculine adjective meus is m; the vocative singular
of masculine adjectives in -ius ends in -ie (egregius;
egregie). Otherwise, the vocative has the same form as
the nominative in all declensions.
 2 WHEELOCKS LATIN

ADJECTIVESDECLENSIONS
First and Second Declensions
Adjs. in -us, -a, -um Adjs. in -er, -era, -erum; -er, -ra, -rum
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Singular Singular2
N. magnus magna magnum lber lbera lberum
G. magn magnae magn lber lberae lber
D. magno magnae magno lbero lberae lbero
A. magnum magnam magnum lberum lberam lberum
Ab. magno magna magno lbero lbera lbero
Plural Singular2
N. magn magnae magna pulcher pulchra pulchrum
G. magnorum magnarum magnorum pulchr pulchrae pulchr
D. magns magns magns pulchro pulchrae pulchro
A. magnos magnas magna pulchrum pulchram pulchrum
Ab. magns magns magns pulchro pulchra pulchro

Third Declension
Two endings Three endings One Ending Comparatives5
fortis, forte acer, acris, acre potens3 fortior, fortius
brave keen, severe powerful braver
M. & F. N. M. & F. N. M. & F. N. M. & F. N.
Sg.
N. fortis forte acer acris acre potens potens fortior fortius
G. fortis acris potentis fortioris
D. fort acr potent fortior
A. fortem forte acrem acre potentem potens fortiorem fortius
Ab. fort acr potent fortiore
Pl.
N. fortes fortia acres acria potentes potentia fortiores fortiora
G. fortium acrium potentium fortiorum
D. fortibus acribus potentibus fortioribus
A. fortes4 fortia acres4 acria potentes4 potentia fortiores fortiora
Ab. fortibus acribus potentibus fortioribus

2
The plural follows the pattern of the singular ex- when used as genuine participles.
4
cept that it has the plural endings. For -s (acc. pl.) see Ch. 16.
3 5
Present participles follow the declension of po- For irregular plus see Ch. 27.
tens except that they have -e in the ablative singular
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 3

PRONOUNS
Demonstrative
hic, this ille, that
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Sg.
N. hic haec hoc ille illa illud
G. huius huius huius illus illus illus
D. huic huic huic ill ill ill
A. hunc hanc hoc illum illam illud
Ab. hoc hac hoc illo illa illo
Pl.
N. h hae haec ill illae illa
G. horum harum horum illorum illarum illorum
D. hs hs hs ills ills ills
A. hos has haec illos illas illa
Ab. hs hs hs ills ills ills

Relative Interrogative6 Intensive

qu, who, which quis, who? ipse, himself, etc.
M. F. N. M. & F. N. M. F. N.
Sg.
N. qu quae quod quis quid ipse ipsa ipsum
G. cuius cuius cuius cuius cuius ipsus ipsus ipsus
D. cui cui cui cui cui ips ips ips
A. quem quam quod quem quid ipsum ipsam ipsum
Ab. quo qua quo quo quo ipso ipsa ipso
Pl.
N. qu quae quae (Plural is same ips ipsae ipsa
G. quorum quarum quorum as that of ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum
D. quibus quibus quibus relative.) ipss ipss ipss
A. quos quas quae ipsos ipsas ipsa
Ab. quibus quibus quibus ipss ipss ipss

6
The interrogative adjective qu? quae? quod?
meaning what? which? what kind of? has the same de-
clension as that of the relative pronoun.
 4 WHEELOCKS LATIN

PRONOUNS
Demonstrative
is, this, that, he, she, it idem, the same
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Sg.
N. is ea id dem eadem idem
G. eius eius eius eiusdem eiusdem eiusdem
D. e e e edem edem edem
A. eum eam id eundem eandem idem
Ab. eo ea eo eodem eadem eodem
Pl.
N. e, i eae ea edem, dem eaedem eadem
G. eorum earum eorum eorundem earundem eorundem
D. es, is es, is es, is esdem7 esdem esdem
A. eos eas ea eosdem easdem eadem
Ab. es es es esdem esdem esdem

Irregular Adjectives8 Personal9 Reflexive9

solus, alone, only su, himself,
M. F. N. ego, I tu, you herself, itself
Sg.
N. solus sola solum ego tu
G. solus solus solus me tu su10
D. sol sol sol mihi tibi sibi
A. solum solam solum me te se11
Ab. solo sola solo me te se11
Pl.
N. sol solae sola nos vos
G. solorum solarum solorum nostrum
nostr vestrum
vestr
su
D. sols sols sols nobs vobs sibi
A. solos solas sola nos vos se11
Ab. sols sols sols nobs vobs se11

7
Also sdem. also be used as reflexive pronouns.
8 10
Similarly unus, totus, ullus, nullus, alius, alter, These forms are reflexive only. The nonreflexive
uter, neuter (see Ch. 9). forms of the third person are supplied by is, ea, id (see
9
All forms of the pronouns of the first and sec- Chs. 11, 13).
11
ond persons except the nom. sg. and the nom. pl. may The form sese is also frequently found.
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 5

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
Regular
longus, -a, -um (long) longior, -ius longissimus, -a, -um
fortis, -e (brave) fortior, -ius fortissimus, -a, -um
felx, gen. felcis, (happy) felcior, -ius felcissimus, -a, -um
sapiens, gen. sapientis (wise) sapientior, -ius sapientissimus, -a, -um
facilis, -e (easy) facilior, -ius facillimus, -a, -um
lber, -era, -erum ( free) lberior, -ius lberrimus, -a, -um
pulcher, -chra, -chrum (beautiful ) pulchrior, -ius pulcherrimus, -a, -um
acer, acris, acre (keen) acrior, -ius acerrimus, -a, -um
Irregular
bonus, -a, -um ( good ) melior, -ius optimus, -a, -um
magnus, -a, -um (large) maior, -ius maximus, -a, -um
malus, -a, -um (bad ) peior, -ius pessimus, -a, -um
multus, -a, -um (much) , plus plurimus, -a, -um
parvus, -a, -um (small ) minor, minus minimus, -a, -um
(prae, pro) prior, -ius ( former) prmus, -a, -um
superus, -a, -um (that above) superior, -ius summus (supremus), -a, -um

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Positive Comparative Superlative
Regular
longe ( far) longius longissime
fortiter (bravely) fortius fortissime
felciter (happily) felcius felcissime
sapienter (wisely) sapientius sapientissime
facile (easily) facilius facillime
lbere ( freely) lberius lberrime
pulchre (beautifully) pulchrius pulcherrime
acriter (keenly) acrius acerrime
Irregular
bene (well ) melius optime
magnopere ( greatly) magis maxime
male (badly) peius pessime
multum (much) plus plurimum
parum (little) minus minime
(prae, pro) prius (before) prmum; prmo
diu (a long time) diutius diutissime
 6 WHEELOCKS LATIN

NUMERALS
Cardinals Ordinals Roman Numerals
1. unus, -a, -um prmus, -a, -um I
2. duo, duae, duo secundus, alter II
3. tres, tria tertius III
4. quattuor quartus IIII; IV
5. qunque quntus V
6. sex sextus VI
7. septem septimus VII
8. octo octavus VIII
9. novem nonus VIIII; IX
10. decem decimus X
11. undecim undecimus XI
12. duodecim duodecimus XII
13. tredecim tertius decimus XIII
14. quattuordecim quartus decimus XIIII; XIV
15. qundecim quntus decimus XV
16. sedecim sextus decimus XVI
17. septendecim septimus decimus XVII
18. duodevgint duodevcesimus XVIII
19. undevgint undevcesimus XVIIII; XIX
20. vgint vcesimus XX
21. vgint unus, unus et vgint vcesimus prmus XXI
30. trginta trcesimus XXX
40. quadraginta quadragesimus XXXX, XL
50. qunquaginta qunquagesimus L
60. sexaginta sexagesimus LX
70. septuaginta septuagesimus LXX
80. octoginta octogesimus LXXX
90. nonaginta nonagesimus LXXXX; XC
100. centum centesimus C
101. centum unus centesimus prmus CI
200. ducent, -ae, -a duocentesimus CC
300. trecent trecentesimus CCC
400. quadringent quadringentesimus CCCC
500. qungent qungentesimus D
600. sescent sescentesimus DC
700. septingent septingentesimus DCC
800. octingent octingentesimus DCCC
900. nongent nongentesimus DCCCC
1000. mlle mllesimus M
2000. duo mlia bis mllesimus MM

Declension of Numerals
For the declension of unus see Ch. 9 or solus above.
For duo, tres, and mlle see Ch. 15.
The forms from trecent through nongent are declined in the plural like ducent, -ae, -a.
The ordinals are declined like prmus, -a, -um.
The other forms are indeclinable.
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 7

CONJUGATIONS 14
Principal Parts
1st: laudo laudare laudav laudatum
2nd: moneo monere monu monitum
3rd: ago agere eg actum
4th: audio audre audv audtum
3rd (-io): capio capere cep captum

Indicative Active
Present
laudo moneo ago audio capio
laudas mones agis auds capis
laudat monet agit audit capit
laudamus monemus agimus audmus capimus
laudatis monetis agitis audtis capitis
laudant monent agunt audiunt capiunt
Imperfect
laudabam monebam agebam audiebam capiebam
laudabas monebas agebas audiebas capiebas
laudabat monebat agebat audiebat capiebat
laudabamus monebamus agebamus audiebamus capiebamus
laudabatis monebatis agebatis audiebatis capiebatis
laudabant monebant agebant audiebant capiebant
Future
laudabo monebo agam audiam capiam
laudabis monebis ages audies capies
laudabit monebit aget audiet capiet
laudabimus monebimus agemus audiemus capiemus
laudabitis monebitis agetis audietis capietis
laudabunt monebunt agent audient capient
Perfect
laudav monu eg audv cep
laudavist monuist egist audvist cepist
laudavit monuit egit audvit cepit
laudavimus monuimus egimus audvimus cepimus
laudavistis monuistis egistis audvistis cepistis
laudaverunt monuerunt egerunt audverunt ceperunt
Pluperfect
laudaveram monueram egeram audveram ceperam
laudaveras monueras egeras audveras ceperas
laudaverat monuerat egerat audverat ceperat
laudaveramus monueramus egeramus audveramus ceperamus
laudaveratis monueratis egeratis audveratis ceperatis
laudaverant monuerant egerant audverant ceperant
Future Perfect
laudavero monuero egero audvero cepero
laudaveris monueris egeris audveris ceperis
laudaverit monuerit egerit audverit ceperit
laudaverimus monuerimus egerimus audverimus ceperimus
laudaveritis monueritis egeritis audveritis ceperitis
laudaverint monuerint egerint audverint ceperint
 8 WHEELOCKS LATIN

Subjunctive Active
Present
laudem moneam agam audiam capiam
laudes moneas agas audias capias
laudet moneat agat audiat capiat
laudemus moneamus agamus audiamus capiamus
laudetis moneatis agatis audiatis capiatis
laudent moneant agant audiant capiant
Imperfect
laudarem monerem agerem audrem caperem
laudares moneres ageres audres caperes
laudaret moneret ageret audret caperet
laudaremus moneremus ageremus audremus caperemus
laudaretis moneretis ageretis audretis caperetis
laudarent monerent agerent audrent caperent
Perfect
laudaverim monuerim egerim audverim ceperim
laudavers monuers egers audvers cepers
laudaverit monuerit egerit audverit ceperit
laudavermus monuermus egermus audvermus cepermus
laudavertis monuertis egertis audvertis cepertis
laudaverint monuerint egerint audverint ceperint
Pluperfect
laudavissem monuissem egissem audvissem cepissem
laudavisses monuisses egisses audvisses cepisses
laudavisset monuisset egisset audvisset cepisset
laudavissemus monuissemus egissemus audvissemus cepissemus
laudavissetis monuissetis egissetis audvissetis cepissetis
laudavissent monuissent egissent audvissent cepissent
Present Imperative Active
lauda mone age aud cape
laudate monete agite audte capite
Indicative Passive
Present
laudor moneor agor audior capior
laudaris(-re) moneris(-re) ageris(-re) audris(-re) caperis(-re)
laudatur monetur agitur audtur capitur
laudamur monemur agimur audmur capimur
laudamin monemin agimin audmin capimin
laudantur monentur aguntur audiuntur capiuntur
Imperfect
laudabar monebar agebar audiebar capiebar
laudabaris(-re) monebaris(-re) agebaris(-re) audiebaris(-re) capiebaris(-re)
laudabatur monebatur agebatur audiebatur capiebatur
laudabamur monebamur agebamur audiebamur capiebamur
laudabamin monebamin agebamin audiebamin capiebamin
laudabantur monebantur agebantur audiebantur capiebantur
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 9

Future
laudabor monebor agar audiar capiar
laudaberis(-re) moneberis(-re) ageris(-re) audieris(-re) capieris(-re)
laudabitur monebitur agetur audietur capietur
laudabimur monebimur agemur audiemur capiemur
laudabimin monebimin agemin audiemin capiemin
laudabuntur monebuntur agentur audientur capientur
Perfect
laudatus12 sum monitus sum actus sum audtus sum captus sum
laudatus es monitus es actus es audtus es captus es
laudatus est monitus est actus est audtus est captus est
laudat sumus monit sumus act sumus audt sumus capt sumus
laudat estis monit estis act estis audt estis capt estis
laudat sunt monit sunt act sunt audt sunt capt sunt
Pluperfect
laudatus eram monitus eram actus eram audtus eram captus eram
laudatus eras monitus eras actus eras audtus eras captus eras
laudatus erat monitus erat actus erat audtus erat captus erat
laudat eramus monit eramus act eramus audt eramus capt eramus
laudat eratis monit eratis act eratis audt eratis capt eratis
laudat erant monit erant act erant audt erant capt erant
Future Perfect
laudatus ero monitus ero actus ero audtus ero captus ero
laudatus eris monitus eris actus eris audtus eris captus eris
laudatus erit monitus erit actus erit audtus erit captus erit
laudat erimus monit erimus act erimus audt erimus capt erimus
laudat eritis monit eritis act eritis audt eritis capt eritis
laudat erunt monit erunt act erunt audt erunt capt erunt

Subjunctive Passive
Present
lauder monear agar audiar capiar
lauderis(-re) monearis(-re) agaris(-re) audiaris(-re) capiaris(-re)
laudetur moneatur agatur audiatur capiatur
laudemur moneamur agamur audiamur capiamur
laudemin moneamin agamin audiamin capiamin
laudentur moneantur agantur audiantur capiantur
Imperfect
laudarer monerer agerer audrer caperer
laudareris(-re) monereris(-re) agereris(-re) audreris(-re) capereris(-re)
laudaretur moneretur ageretur audretur caperetur
laudaremur moneremur ageremur audremur caperemur
laudaremin moneremin ageremin audremin caperemin
laudarentur monerentur agerentur audrentur caperentur

12
The participles laudatus (-a, -um), monitus (-a,
-um), etc., are used as predicate adjectives, and so
their endings vary to agree with the subject.
10 WHEELOCKS LATIN

Perfect
laudatus sim monitus sim actus sim audtus sim captus sim
laudatus ss monitus ss actus ss audtus ss captus ss
laudatus sit monitus sit actus sit audtus sit captus sit
laudat smus monit smus act smus audt smus capt smus
laudat stis monit stis act stis audt stis capt stis
laudat sint monit sint act sint audt sint capt sint
Pluperfect
laudatus essem monitus essem actus essem audtus essem captus essem
laudatus esses monitus esses actus esses audtus esses captus esses
laudatus esset monitus esset actus esset audtus esset captus esset
laudat essemus monit essemus act essemus audt essemus capt essemus
laudat essetis monit essetis act essetis audt essetis capt essetis
laudat essent monit essent act essent audt essent capt essent
Present Imperative Passive
In classical Latin, passive form imperatives are found chiefly in deponent verbs (for forms, see Ch. 34).

Participles
Active
Pres. laudans monens agens audiens capiens
Fut. laudaturus moniturus acturus audturus capturus
Passive
Perf. laudatus monitus actus audtus captus
Fut. laudandus monendus agendus audiendus capiendus
Infinitives
Active
Pres. laudare monere agere audre capere
Perf. laudavisse monuisse egisse audvisse cepisse
Fut. laudaturus esse moniturus esse acturus esse audturus esse capturus esse
Passive
Pres. laudar moner ag audr cap
Perf. laudatus esse monitus esse actus esse audtus esse captus esse
Fut. laudatum r monitum r actum r audtum r captum r

DEPONENT VERBS
Principal Parts
1st Conj.: hortor hortar hortatus sum (urge)
2nd Conj.: fateor fater fassus sum (confess)
3rd Conj.: sequor sequ secutus sum ( follow)
4th Conj.: molior molr moltus sum (work at)
3rd (-io): patior pat passus sum (suer)
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 11

Indicative
Present
hortor fateor sequor molior patior
hortaris(-re) fateris(-re) sequeris(-re) molris(-re) pateris(-re)
hortatur fatetur sequitur moltur patitur
hortamur fatemur sequimur molmur patimur
hortamin fatemin sequimin molmin patimin
hortantur fatentur sequuntur moliuntur patiuntur
Imperfect
hortabar fatebar sequebar moliebar patiebar
hortabaris(-re) fatebaris(-re) sequebaris(-re) moliebaris(-re) patiebaris(-re)
hortabatur fatebatur sequebatur moliebatur patiebatur
hortabamur fatebamur sequebamur moliebamur patiebamur
hortabamin fatebamin sequebamin moliebamin patiebamin
hortabantur fatebantur sequebantur moliebantur patiebantur
Future
hortabor fatebor sequar moliar patiar
hortaberis(-re) fateberis(-re) sequeris(-re) molieris(-re) patieris(-re)
hortabitur fatebitur sequetur molietur patietur
hortabimur fatebimur sequemur moliemur patiemur
hortabimin fatebimin sequemin moliemin patiemin
hortabuntur fatebuntur sequentur molientur patientur
Perfect
hortatus sum fassus sum secutus sum moltus sum passus sum
hortatus es fassus es secutus es moltus es passus es
hortatus est fassus est secutus est moltus est passus est
hortat sumus fass sumus secut sumus molt sumus pass sumus
hortat estis fass estis secut estis molt estis pass estis
hortat sunt fass sunt secut sunt molt sunt pass sunt
Pluperfect
hortatus eram fassus eram secutus eram moltus eram passus eram
hortatus eras fassus eras secutus eras moltus eras passus eras
hortatus erat fassus erat secutus erat moltus erat passus erat
hortat eramus fass eramus secut eramus molt eramus pass eramus
hortat eratis fass eratis secut eratis molt eratis pass eratis
hortat erant fass erant secut erant molt erant pass erant
Future Perfect
hortatus ero fassus ero secutus ero moltus ero passus ero
hortatus eris fassus eris secutus eris moltus eris passus eris
hortatus erit fassus erit secutus erit moltus erit passus erit
hortat erimus fass erimus secut erimus molt erimus pass erimus
hortat eritis fass eritis secut eritis molt eritis pass eritis
hortat erunt fass erunt secut erunt molt erunt pass erunt

Subjunctive
Present
horter fatear sequar moliar patiar
horteris(-re) fatearis(-re) sequaris(-re) moliaris(-re) patiaris(-re)
hortetur fateatur sequatur moliatur patiatur
hortemur fateamur sequamur moliamur patiamur
hortemin fateamin sequamin moliamin patiamin
hortentur fateantur sequantur moliantur patiantur
12 WHEELOCKS LATIN

Imperfect
hortarer faterer sequerer molrer paterer
hortareris(-re) fatereris(-re) sequereris(-re) molreris(-re) patereris(-re)
hortaretur fateretur sequeretur molretur pateretur
hortaremur fateremur sequeremur molremur pateremur
hortaremin fateremin sequeremin molremin pateremin
hortarentur faterentur sequerentur molrentur paterentur
Perfect
hortatus sim fassus sim secutus sim moltus sim passus sim
hortatus ss fassus ss secutus ss moltus ss passus ss
hortatus sit fassus sit secutus sit moltus sit passus sit
hortat smus fass smus secut smus molt smus pass smus
hortat stis fass stis secut stis molt stis pass stis
hortat sint fass sint secut sint molt sint pass sint
Pluperfect
hortatus essem fassus essem secutus essem moltus essem passus essem
hortatus esses fassus esses secutus esses moltus esses passus esses
hortatus esset fassus esset secutus esset moltus esset passus esset
hortat essemus fass essemus secut essemus molt essemus pass essemus
hortat essetis fass essetis secut essetis molt essetis pass essetis
hortat essent fass essent secut essent molt essent pass essent

Present Imperative
hortare fatere sequere molre patere
hortamin fatemin sequimin molmin patimin

Participles
Pres. hortans fatens sequens moliens patiens
Perf. hortatus fassus secutus moltus passus
Fut. hortaturus fassurus secuturus molturus passurus
Ger. hortandus fatendus sequendus moliendus patiendus
Infinitives
Pres. hortar fater sequ molr pat
Perf. hortatus esse fassus esse secutus esse moltus esse passus esse
Fut. hortaturus esse fassurus esse secuturus esse molturus esse passurus esse

IRREGULAR VERBS
Principal Parts
sum esse fu futurum (be)
possum posse potu (be able, can)
volo velle volu (wish, be willing)
nolo nolle nolu (not to wish, be unwilling)
malo malle malu ( prefer)
eo re i itum ( go)
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 13

Indicative13
Present
sum possum volo nolo malo eo
es potes vs non vs mavs s
est potest vult non vult mavult it
sumus possumus volumus nolumus malumus mus
estis potestis vultis non vultis mavultis tis
sunt possunt volunt nolunt malunt eunt
Imperfect
eram poteram volebam nolebam malebam bam
eras poteras volebas nolebas malebas bas
erat poterat volebat nolebat malebat bat
eramus poteramus volebamus nolebamus malebamus bamus
eratis poteratis volebatis nolebatis malebatis batis
erant poterant volebant nolebant malebant bant
Future
ero potero volam nolam malam bo
eris poteris voles noles males bis
erit poterit volet nolet malet bit
erimus poterimus volemus nolemus malemus bimus
eritis poteritis voletis noletis maletis bitis
erunt poterunt volent nolent malent bunt
Perfect
fu potu volu nolu malu i
fuist potuist voluist noluist maluist st
fuit potuit voluit noluit maluit iit
fuimus potuimus voluimus noluimus maluimus iimus
fuistis potuistis voluistis noluistis maluistis stis
fuerunt potuerunt voluerunt noluerunt maluerunt ierunt
Pluperfect
fueram potueram volueram nolueram malueram ieram
fueras potueras volueras nolueras malueras ieras
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.
Future Perfect
fuero potuero voluero noluero maluero iero
fueris potueris volueris nolueris malueris ieris
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.

Subjunctive
Present
sim possim velim nolim malim eam
ss posss vels nols mals eas
sit possit velit nolit malit eat
smus possmus velmus nolmus malmus eamus
stis posstis veltis noltis maltis eatis
sint possint velint nolint malint eant

13
Note that the verbs in this list have no passive
voice (except for the idiomatic impersonal passive of
eo, which is not used in this book).
14 WHEELOCKS LATIN

Imperfect
essem possem vellem nollem mallem rem
esses posses velles nolles malles res
esset posset vellet nollet mallet ret
essemus possemus vellemus nollemus mallemus remus
essetis possetis velletis nolletis malletis retis
essent possent vellent nollent mallent rent
Perfect
fuerim potuerim voluerim noluerim maluerim ierim
fuers potuers voluers noluers maluers iers
fuerit potuerit voluerit noluerit maluerit ierit
fuermus potuermus voluermus noluermus maluermus iermus
fuertis potuertis voluertis noluertis maluertis iertis
fuerint potuerint voluerint noluerint maluerint ierint
Pluperfect
fuissem potuissem voluissem noluissem maluissem ssem
fuisses potuisses voluisses noluisses maluisses sses
fuisset potuisset voluisset noluisset maluisset sset
fuissemus potuissemus voluissemus noluissemus maluissemus ssemus
fuissetis potuissetis voluissetis noluissetis maluissetis ssetis
fuissent potuissent voluissent noluissent maluissent ssent
Present Imperative
es nol
este nolte te
Participles
Pres. potens volens nolens iens ( gen. euntis)
Perf. itum
Fut. futurus iturus
Ger. eundus

Infinitives
Pr. esse posse velle nolle malle re
Pf. fuisse potuisse voluisse noluisse maluisse sse
Fu. futurus esse iturus esse
or fore

IRREGULAR: fero, ferre, tul, latum, to bear, carry

Indicative
Present Imperfect Future
Act. Pass. Act. Pass. Act. Pass.
fero feror ferebam ferebar feram ferar
fers ferris(-re) ferebas ferebaris(-re) feres fereris(-re)
fert fertur ferebat ferebatur feret feretur
ferimus ferimur ferebamus ferebamur feremus feremur
fertis ferimin ferebatis ferebamin feretis feremin
ferunt feruntur ferebant ferebantur ferent ferentur
 GRAMMATICAL FORMS 15

Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect

Act. Pass. Act. Pass. Act. Pass.
tul latus sum tuleram latus eram tulero latus ero
tulist latus es tuleras latus eras tuleris latus eris
tulit latus est tulerat latus erat tulerit latus erit
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.

Subjunctive
Present Imperfect Perfect
Act. Pass. Act. Pass. Act. Pass.
feram ferar ferrem ferrer tulerim latus sim
feras feraris(-re) ferres ferreris(-re) tulers latus ss
ferat feratur ferret ferretur tulerit latus sit
feramus feramur ferremus ferremur etc. etc.
feratis feramin ferretis ferremin
ferant ferantur ferrent ferrentur
Pluperfect
tulissem latus essem
tulisses latus esses
tulisset latus esset
etc. etc.
Pres. Imper. Participles Infinitives
Act. Pass. Act. Pass. Act. Pass.
fer Pres. ferens ferre ferr
ferte Perf. latus tulisse latus esse
Fut. laturus ferendus laturus esse latum r

IRREGULAR: fo, er, factus sum, to happen, become; be made, be done

Indicative
Pres. Impf. Fut. Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf.
f o f ebam f am factus sum factus eram factus ero
f s f ebas f es factus es factus eras factus eris
fit f ebat f et factus est factus erat factus erit
f mus f ebamus f emus fact sumus fact eramus fact erimus
f tis f ebatis f etis fact estis fact eratis fact eritis
f unt f ebant f ent fact sunt fact erant fact erunt
Subjunctive
Pres. Impf. Perf. Pluperf.
f am fierem factus sim factus essem
f as fieres factus ss factus esses
f at fieret factus sit factus esset
f amus fieremus fact smus fact essemus
f atis fieretis fact stis fact essetis
f ant fierent fact sint fact essent
Part. Inf.
Pres. fier
Perf. factus factus esse
Fut. faciendus factum r
Imperative: f , f te
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pages for hand-in homework assignments and space for the students
name and date
417 pp. (2001, second edition) Paperback, ISBN 0-06-093506-5
Published by HarperCollins. Available at
www.harpercollins.com
and from your local bookstore.
Latin Flash Drills
to Accompany Wheelocks Latin*
Designed specifically to accompany Wheelock, Latin Flash Drill
on CD for provides paradigm chart drills on forms for the major
parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs (indica-
tive and subjunctive, regular and irregular). All drills request full
forms and can usually correct separately for stems and endings.
Latin Flash Drill for Wheelocks Latin (on CD)
Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers order #Wflash
This product is not available from our distributor overseas.
Latin Vocabulary Drill
to Accompany Wheelocks Latin*
Latin Vocabulary Drill for Wheelock oers an electronic flash-
card-style drill on vocabulary with a variety of support and for-
mat options, including English derivative hints and corrective
feedback on stems and endings.
Latin Vocabulary Drill for Wheelocks Latin (on CD)
Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers order #WVocab
This product is not available from our distributor overseas
For all things Wheelock visit:
www.wheelockslatin.com