Lun vn

Cng ngh LTE cho mng di

ng bng rng
 n tt nghip Cng ngh LTE cho mng di ng bng
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MC LC
DANH MC HNH V......................................................................................................3

DANH MC BNG BIU.................................................................................................6

LI M U......................................................................................................................7

CHNG 1 GII THIU V CNG NGH V MC TIU THIT K LTE.............9

1.1 Gii thiu v cng ngh LTE....................................................................................9
1.2 So snh cng ngh LTE vi cng ngh Wimax v nhng trin vng cho cng ngh
LTE................................................................................................................................10
1.2.1 So snh cng ngh LTE vi cng ngh Wimax...............................................10
1.2.2 Nhng trin vng cho cng ngh LTE.............................................................13
1.3 Mc tiu thit k LTE.............................................................................................15
1.3.1 Tim nng cng ngh.......................................................................................15
1.3.2Hiu sut h thng.............................................................................................16
1.3.3 Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai.........................................................18
1.3.3.1 linh hot ph v vic trin khai............................................................19
1.3.4 Kin trc v s dch chuyn (migration).........................................................21
1.3.5 Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn............................................................................21
1.3.6 phc tp......................................................................................................22
1.3.7 Nhng vn chung........................................................................................22
CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V TRUY NHP V TUYN TRONG LTE....................23
2.1H thng truyn dn: ng xung OFDM v ng ln SC-FDMA.....................23
2.2Hoch nh ph thuc knh truyn v s thch ng tc (Channel-dependent
scheduling and rate adaptation).....................................................................................25
2.2.1 Hoch nh ng xung..................................................................................26
2.2.2 Hoch nh ng ln.......................................................................................27
2.2.3 iu phi nhiu lin t bo (Inter-cell interference coordination)...................28
2.3 ARQ hn hp vi vic kt hp mm (Hybrid ARQ with soft combining)..............29
2.4 S h tr nhiu anten (Multiple antenna support)...................................................29
2.5 H tr multicast v broadcast..................................................................................30
2.6 Tnh linh hot ph...................................................................................................31
2.6.1 Tnh linh hot trong sp xp song cng............................................................32
2.6.2 Tnh linh hot trong bng tn hot ng...........................................................32
2.6.3 Tnh linh hot v bng thng............................................................................33
CHNG 3 KIN TRC GIAO DIN V TUYN LTE.............................................34
3.1 RLC: radio link control iu khin lin kt v tuyn...........................................37
3.2 MAC: iu khin truy nhp mi trng (medium access control)..........................38
3.2.2 Hoch nh ng xung..................................................................................41
3.2.3 Hoch nh ng ln.......................................................................................43
3.2.4 Hybrid ARQ......................................................................................................46
3.3 PHY: physical layer - lp vt l...............................................................................50
3.4 Cc trng thi LTE...................................................................................................53
3.5 Lung d liu...........................................................................................................54

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CHNG 4 LP VT L LTE......................................................................................56
4.1 Kin trc min thi gian ton phn (Overall time-domain structure).....................56
4.2 S truyn dn ng xung................................................................................58
4.2.1 Ti nguyn vt l ng xung........................................................................58
4.2.2 Cc tn hiu tham kho ng xung...............................................................63
4.2.2.1 Cc chui tn hiu tham kho v vic nhn dng t bo lp vt l
(Reference signals sequences and physical layer cell identity).............................64
4.2.2.2 Nhy tn tn hiu tham kho (Reference signal frequency hopping)........65
4.2.2.3 Cc tn hiu tham kho cho truyn dn a anten (Reference signals for
multi-antenna transmission)...................................................................................66
4.2.3 X l knh truyn ti ng xung..................................................................67
4.2.3.1 Chn CRC..................................................................................................70
4.2.3.2 M ha knh...............................................................................................70
4.2.3.3 Chc nng Hybrid-ARQ lp vt l...........................................................71
4.2.3.4 Ngu nhin ha mc bit........................................................................71
4.2.3.5 iu ch d liu........................................................................................73
4.2.3.6 nh x anten..............................................................................................73
4.2.3.7 nh x khi ti nguyn..............................................................................73
4.2.4 Bo hiu iu khin L1/L2 ng xung.....................................................75
4.2.5 Truyn dn nhiu anten ng xung...........................................................77
4.2.5.1 Hai anten m ha khi khng gian-tn s (SFBC)....................................79
4.2.5.2 To dng tia (beam-forming).....................................................................79
4.2.5.3 Ghp knh khng gian...............................................................................80
4.2.6 Multicast/broadcast s dng MBSFN...............................................................81
4.3 Scheme truyn dn ng ln.................................................................................82
4.3.1 Ti nguyn vt l ng ln.............................................................................82
4.3.2 Tn hiu tham kho ng ln..........................................................................86
4.3.2.1 Nhiu tn hiu tham kho..........................................................................89
4.3.2.2 Tn hiu tham kho cho vic d knh........................................................90
4.3.3 X l knh truyn ti ng ln.......................................................................93
4.3.4 Bo hiu iu khin L1/L2 ng ln..............................................................95
4.3.5 nh thi sm ng ln (Uplink timing advance)..........................................98
CHNG 5 CC TH TC TRUY CP LTE............................................................101
5.1 D tm t bo (cell search).....................................................................................101
5.1.1 Th tc d tm cell (cell search).....................................................................101
5.1.2 Cu trc thi gian/tn s ca cc tn hiu ng b........................................103
5.1.3 D tm cell ban u v k cn.........................................................................105
5.2 Truy cp ngu nhin...............................................................................................106
5.2.1 Bc 1: Truyn dn Preamble truy cp ngu nhin........................................107
5.2.2 Bc 2: p ng truy cp ngu nhin............................................................111
5.2.3 Bc 3: Nhn dng u cui...........................................................................112
5.2.4 Bc 4: Gii quyt tranh chp........................................................................113
5.3 Paging....................................................................................................................114
KT LUN......................................................................................................................116

CC THUT NG V T VIT TT.........................................................................117

TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................122

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DANH MC HNH V
1.1 Kin trc ca mng LTE
1.2 L trnh pht trin ca LTE v cc cng ngh khc
1.3 Phn b ph bng tn li ti 2 GHz ca nguyn bn IMT-2000
1.4 Mt v d v cch thc LTE thm nhp tng bc vo phn b ph ca mt h
thng GSM c trin khai

2.1 Hoch nh ph thuc knh truyn ng xung trong min thi gian v tn s
2.2 Mt v d v iu phi nhiu lin t bo, ni m cc phn ph b gii hn bi
cng sut truyn dn
2.3 FDD vs. TDD

3.1 Kin trc giao thc LTE (ng xung)

3.2 Phn on v hp on RLC
3.3 V d v s nh x cc knh logic ln cc knh truyn dn
3.4 Vic la chn nh dng truyn dn trong ng xung (bn tri) v ng ln
(bn phi)
3.5 Giao thc hybrid-ARQ ng b v khng ng b
3.6 Nhiu tin trnh hybrid-ARQ song song
3.7 M hnh x l lp vt l n gin cho DL-SCH
3.8 M hnh x l lp vt l n gin cho DL-SCH
3.9 Cc trng thi LTE
3.10 Mt v d v lung d liu LTE

4.1 Cu trc min thi gian LTE

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4.2 Cc v d v vic ch nh khung ph ng ln/ng xung trong trng
hp TDD v s so snh vi FDD
4.3 Ti nguyn vt l ng xung LTE
4.4 Cu trc min tn s ng xung LTE
4.5 Cu trc khung ph v khe thi gian ng xung LTE
4.6 Khi ti nguyn ng xung dnh cho tin t chu trnh bnh thng
4.7 Cu trc tn hiu tham kho ng xung LTE dnh cho tin t chu trnh bnh
thng
4.8 Cu trc tn hiu tham kho trong trng hp truyn dn nhiu anten ng
xung
4.9 X l knh truyn ti ng xung
4.10 Chn CRC ng xung
4.11 Khi m ha Turbo LTE
4.12 Chc nng Hybrid-ARQ lp vt l
4.13 Ngu nhin ha ng xung
4.14 iu ch d liu
4.15 nh x khi ti nguyn ng xung
4.16 Chui x l cho bo hiu iu khin L1/L2 ng xung
4.17 Li thi gian/tn s LTE
4.18 Cc phn t knh iu khin v cc ng c knh iu khin
4.19 nh x anten LTE bao gm vic nh x lp sau qu trnh tin m ha
4.20 M ha hai anten khi khng gian-tn s trong kt cu khung nhiu anten
LTE
4.21 To dng tia (beam-forming) trong kt cu khung nhiu anten LTE
4.22 Ghp knh khng gian trong kt cu khung nhiu anten LTE
4.23 Nhng k hiu tham kho ring t bo v chung t bo trong cc khung ph
MBSN
4.24 Kin trc c bn ca truyn dn DFTS-OFDM
4.25 Kin trc min tn s ng ln LTE
4.26 Cu trc khe thi gian v khung ph ng ln LTE
4.27 Cp pht ti nguyn ng ln LTE

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4.28 Nhy tn ng ln
4.29 Tn hiu tham kho ng ln c chn vo trong khi th t ca mi khe
thi gian ng ln
4.30 S hnh thnh tn hiu tham kho ng ln min tn s
4.31 Phng php to ra tn hiu tham kho ng ln t chui Zadoff-Chu c
di tt nht
4.32 Truyn dn cc tn hiu tham kho thm d knh ng ln
4.33 X l knh truyn ti ng ln LTE
4.34 Ghp knh d liu v bo hiu iu khin ng ln L1/L2
trong trng hp truyn dn ng thi UL-SCH v iu khin
L1/L2
4.35 Kin trc ti nguyn c s dng cho bo hiu iu khin
L1/L2 ng ln trong trng hp khng truyn dn ng thi UL-
SCH
4.36 xut nh thi ng ln

5.1 Tn hiu ng b s cp v th cp
5.2 Vic pht tn hiu ng b trong min tn s
5.3 Tng quan ca th tc truy cp ngu nhin
5.4 Miu t nguyn l ca truyn dn preamble truy cp ngu nhin
5.5 nh thi Preamble eNodeB cho ngi s dng truy cp ngu nhin khc
nhau
5.6 S hnh thnh phn m u truy cp ngu nhin
5.7 Vic d tm phn m u truy cp ngu nhin trong min tn s
5.8 Vic thu nhn khng lin tc (DRX) cho tm gi (paging)

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DANH MC BNG BIU

1.1 Tin trnh pht trin cc chun ca 3GPP
1.2 LTE v WiMAX
1.3 Cc yu cu v hiu sut ph v lu lng ngi dng
1.4 Yu cu v thi gian gin on, LTE-GSM v LTE-WCDMA

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LI M U
Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip vin thng
pht trin rt nhanh v mang li nhiu li nhun cho cc nh khai thc. S pht
trin ca th trng vin thng di ng thc y mnh m vic nghin cu v
trin khai cc h thng thng tin di ng mi trong tng lai. H thng di ng th
h th hai, vi GSM v CDMA l nhng v d in hnh pht trin mnh m
nhiu quc gia. Tuy nhin, th trng vin thng cng m rng cng th hin r
nhng hn ch v dung lng v bng thng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng
th h th hai. S ra i ca h thng di ng th h th ba vi cc cng ngh tiu
biu nh WCDMA hay HSPA l mt tt yu c th p ng c nhu cu truy
cp d liu, m thanh, hnh nh vi tc cao, bng thng rng ca ngi s
dng.

Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2.5G hay 3G vn ang pht

trin khng ngng nhng cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th gii bt u
tin hnh trin khai th nghim mt chun di ng th h mi c rt nhiu tim
nng v c th s tr thnh chun di ng 4G trong tng lai, l LTE (Long
Term Evolution). Cc cuc th nghim v trnh din ny chng t nng lc
tuyt vi ca cng ngh LTE v kh nng thng mi ha LTE n rt gn.
Trc y, mun truy cp d liu, bn phi cn c 1 ng dy c nh kt ni.
Trong tng lai khng xa vi LTE, bn c th truy cp tt c cc dch v mi lc
mi ni trong khi vn di chuyn: xem phim cht lng cao HDTV, in thoi thy
hnh, chi game, nghe nhc trc tuyn, ti c s d liu v.v vi mt tc siu
tc. chnh l s khc bit gia mng di ng th h th 3 (3G) v mng di

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ng th h th t (4G). Tuy vn cn kh mi m nhng mng di ng bng rng
4G ang c k vng s to ra nhiu thay i khc bit so vi nhng mng di
ng hin nay.

Xut pht t nhng vn trn, em la chn ti tt nghip ca mnh

l: Cng ngh LTE cho mng di ng bng rng. ti s i vo tm hiu tng
quan v cng ngh LTE cng nh l nhng k thut v thnh phn c s dng
trong cng ngh ny c th hiu r thm v nhng tim nng hp dn m cng
ngh ny s mang li.

ti ca em bao gm 5 chng:

Chng 1 Gii thiu v cng ngh v mc tiu thit k LTE

Chng 2 Tng quan v truy cp v tuyn trong LTE
Chng 3 Kin trc giao din v tuyn LTE
Chng 4 Lp vt l LTE
Chng 5 Cc th tc truy cp LTE

Tuy nhin do LTE l cng ngh vn ang c nghin cu, pht trin v
hon thin cng nh l do nhng gii hn v kin thc ca ngi trnh by nn
n ny cha cp c ht cc vn ca cng ngh LTE v khng th trnh
khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong c s ng gp kin ca thy c v cc bn.

Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn Minh Tm

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CHNG 1 GII THIU V CNG NGH V MC TIU THIT K LTE

1.1 Gii thiu v cng ngh LTE

LTE l th h th t tng lai ca chun UMTS do 3GPP pht trin. UMTS th

h th ba da trn WCDMA c trin khai trn ton th gii. m bo tnh
cnh tranh cho h thng ny trong tng lai, thng 11/2004 3GPP bt u d n
nhm xc nh bc pht trin v lu di cho cng ngh di ng UMTS vi tn
gi Long Term Evolution (LTE). 3GPP t ra yu cu cao cho LTE, bao gm gim
chi ph cho mi bit thng tin, cung cp dch v tt hn, s dng linh hot cc bng
tn hin c v bng tn mi, n gin ha kin trc mng vi cc giao tip m v
gim ng k nng lng tiu th thit b u cui. c t k thut cho LTE
ang c hon tt v d kin sn phm LTE s ra mt th trng trong 2 nm ti.
Cc mc tiu ca cng ngh ny l:
- Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20 MHz:
o Ti xung: 100 Mbps; Ti ln: 50 Mbps
- Dung lng d liu truyn ti trung bnh ca mt ngi dng trn 1
MHz so vi mng HSDPA Rel. 6:
o Ti xung: gp 3 n 4 ln; Ti ln: gp 2 n 3 ln.
- Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l 0 15 km/h. Vn
hot ng tt vi tc t 15 120 km/h. Vn duy tr c hot ng khi
thu bao di chuyn vi tc t 120 350 km/h (thm ch 500 km/h ty
bng tn)
- Cc ch tiu trn phi m bo trong bn knh vng ph sng 5km, gim
cht t trong phm vi n 30km. T 30 100 km th khng hn ch.

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Hnh 1.1 - Kin trc ca mng LTE

- di bng thng linh hot: c th hot ng vi cc bng 1.25 MHz,

1.6 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz v 20 MHz c chiu ln v xung.
H tr c 2 trng hp di bng ln v bng xung bng nhau hoc khng.

t c mc tiu ny, s c rt nhiu k thut mi c p dng, trong

ni bt l k thut v tuyn OFDMA (a truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc
giao), k thut anten MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output - a nhp a xut).
Ngoi ra h thng ny s chy hon ton trn nn IP (all-IP network), v h tr c
2 ch FDD v TDD.

1.2 So snh cng ngh LTE vi cng ngh Wimax v nhng trin vng cho
cng ngh LTE

1.2.1 So snh cng ngh LTE vi cng ngh Wimax

V cng ngh, LTE v WiMax c mt s khc bit nhng cng c nhiu

im tng ng. C hai cng ngh u da trn nn tng IP. C hai u dng k
thut MIMO ci thin cht lng truyn/nhn tn hiu, ng xung t trm
thu pht n thit b u cui u c tng tc bng k thut OFDM h tr
truyn ti d liu a phng tin v video. Theo l thuyt, chun WiMax hin ti
(802.16e) cho tc ti xung ti a l 70Mbps, cn LTE d kin c th cho tc
n 300Mbps. Tuy nhin, khi LTE c trin khai ra th trng c th WiMax
cng s c nng cp ln chun 802.16m (cn c gi l WiMax 2.0) c tc
tng ng hoc cao hn.

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Hnh 1.2 L trnh pht trin ca LTE v cc cng ngh khc.

ng ln t thit b u cui n trm thu pht c s khc nhau gia 2

cng ngh. WiMax dng OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access mt bin th ca OFDM), cn LTE dng k thut SC-FDMA (Single
Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access). V l thuyt, SC-FDMA c
thit k lm vic hiu qu hn v cc thit b u cui tiu th nng lng thp
hn OFDMA.

LTE cn c u th hn WiMax v c thit k tng thch vi c

phng thc TDD (Time Division Duplex) v FDD (Frequency Division Duplex).
Ngc li, WiMax hin ch tng thch vi TDD (theo mt bo co c cng b
u nm nay, WiMax Forum ang lm vic vi mt phin bn Mobile WiMax tch
hp FDD). TDD truyn d liu ln v xung thng qua 1 knh tn s (dng
phng thc phn chia thi gian), cn FDD cho php truyn d liu ln v xung
thng qua 2 knh tn s ring bit. iu ny c ngha LTE c nhiu ph tn s
dng hn WiMax. Tuy nhin, s khc bit cng ngh khng c ngha quyt nh
trong cuc chin gia WiMax v TLE.

Bng 1.1: Tin trnh pht trin cc chun ca 3GPP

Phin
Thi im hon tt Tnh nng chnh / Thng tin
bn

Release Gii thiu UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) v WCDMA

Qu 1/2000
99 (Wideband CDMA).

Release B sung mt s tnh nng nh mng li da trn IP v c nhng ci tin cho

Qu 2/2001
4 UMTS.

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Release Gii thiu IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystems) v HSDPA (High-Speed Download
Qu 1/2002
5 Packet Access).

Release Kt hp vi Wireless LAN, thm HSUPA (High-Speed Upload Packet Access)

Qu 4/2004
6 v cc tnh nng nng cao cho IMS nh Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC).

Tp trung gim tr, ci thin cht lng dch v v cc ng dng thi gian
Release
Qu 4/2007 thc nh VoIP. Phin bn ny cng tp trung vo HSPA+ (High Speeed Packet
7
Evolution) v EDGE Evolution.

D kin cui nm
Release Gii thiu LTE v kin trc li UMTS nh l mng IP th h th t hon ton
2008 hoc u nm
8 da trn IP.
2009

Hin ti WiMax c li th i trc LTE: mng WiMax c trin khai

v thit b WiMax cng c mt trn th trng, cn LTE th sm nht cng phi
n nm 2010 ngi dng mi c tri nghim. Tuy nhin LTE vn c li th
quan trng so vi WiMax. LTE c hip hi cc nh khai thc GSM (GSM
Association) chp nhn l cng ngh bng rng di ng tng lai ca h di ng
hin ang thng tr th trng di ng ton cu vi khong 2,5 t thu bao (theo
Informa Telecoms & Media) v trong 3 nm ti c th chim th phn n 89%
(theo Gartner) nhng con s trong m i vi WiMax. Hn na, LTE cho
php tn dng dng h tng GSM c sn (tuy vn cn u t thm thit b) trong
khi WiMax phi xy dng t u.

Bng 1.2: LTE v WIMAX

Tnh nng 3GPP LTE RAN1 802.16e/Mobile WiMax R1 802.16m/Mobile WiMax R2

Ghp knh TDD, FDD TDD TDD, FDD

Bng tn d kin 700MHz 2,6GHz 2,3GHz, 2,5GHz, 3,3-3,8GHz2,3GHz, 2,5GHz, 3,3-3,8GHz

Tc ti a
300Mbps /100Mbps 70Mbps /70Mbps 300Mbps /100Mbps
(Download/Upload)

Di ng 350km/h 120km/h 350km/h

Phm vi ph sng 5/30/100km 1/5/30km 1/5/30km

S ngi dng VoIP ng

80 50 100
thi

D kin cui nm 2008 hoc 2005

Thi im hon tt chun D kin trong nm 2009
u nm 2009

Trin khai ra th trng 2009-2010/2012 2007-2008/2009 2010

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Thi th i thay, nhn thy li th ca LTE, mt s nh khai thc mng
cn nhc li vic trin khai WiMax v c nh khai thc quyt nh t b con
ng WiMax chuyn sang LTE, ng k trong s c hai tn tui ln nht
ti M l AT&T v Verizon Wireless. Theo mt kho st do RCR Wireless News
v Yankee Group thc hin gn y, c n 56% nh khai thc di ng chn LTE,
ch c 30% i theo 802.16e. Kho st cho thy cc nh khai thc di ng Bc
M v Ty u nghing v LTE, trong khi cc nc mi pht trin (c bit l
khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng) th ng h WiMax.

Nhiu hng sn xut thit b i nc i, mt mt tuyn b vn ng h

WiMax, mt khc li dc tin u t cho LTE. Ngay nh Intel, u tu hu thun
WiMax, cng i ging. C Siavash M. Alamouti, gim c k thut Wireless
Mobile Group v Sean Maloney, gim c tip th ca Intel, trong cc pht biu
gn y u cho rng WiMax c th ho hp vi LTE.

Trong cuc ua 4G, WiMax v LTE hin l hai cng ngh sng gi nht.
Liu hai cng ngh ny c th cng tn ti c lp hay s st nhp thnh mt
chun chung? Hiu nng ca WiMax v LTE tng ng nhau, do vy vic quyt
nh hin nay ph thuc vo yu t sn sng v kh nng thm nhp th trng.

1.2.2 Nhng trin vng cho cng ngh LTE

- Cc i gia vin thng hng n LTE:
Nhn thy tim nng to ln ca cng ngh ny, ngnh cng nghip di
ng ang on kt xung quanh h thng LTE vi hu ht cc cng ty vin thng
hng u th gii: Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, France Telecom/Orange, Nokia,
Nokia Siemens Networks, AT&T, T-Mobile, Vodafone, China Mobile, Huawei, LG
Electronics, NTT DoCoMo, Samsung, Signalion, Telecom Italia, ZTE... K hoch
th nghim v trin khai cng ngh ny ang c cc cng ty trn cng hp tc
thc y, d kin vo khong nm 2009-2010 s c thng mi ha n vi
ngi dng.

Mng NTT DoCoMo ca Nht s i tin phong khi t mc tiu khai

trng dch v vo nm 2009.

Cc mng Verizon Wireless, Vodafone, v China Mobile tuyn b hp tc

th nghim LTE vo nm nay. Vic trin khai c s hng tng cho LTE s bt u
vo na sau ca nm 2009 v k hoch cung cp dch v s bt u vo nm 2010.

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 n tt nghip Cng ngh LTE cho mng di ng bng
rng
Vi vic dnh c s lng giy php s dng bng tn 700 MHz th 2
sau Verizon, mng AT&T cng ln k hoch s dng bng tn ny cho LTE. Hng
ny tuyn b c bng thng 20 MHz dnh cho LTE ph sng 82% dn s
ca 100 thnh ph hng u ca M. Nh vy 2 mng chim th phn ln nht ca
M u chn LTE l gii php tin ln 4G.

Mng Telstra ca c gn y cng xc nhn pht trin theo hng

LTE. Hng TeliaSonera, nh cung cp ln nht cho th trng Bc u v vng
Baltic cng cam kt s s dng cng ngh LTE cho cc th trng ca mnh.

Ngy 11/6/2008, theo Financial Times, c phiu ca Nortel, nh sn xut

vin thng ni ting ca Canada, tng 13% khi hng tuyn b tp trung cc n
lc nghin cu khng dy vo cng ngh LTE thay v cng ngh i th WiMAX.

- Tng lai khng cn xa

Vo ngy 19/12/2007, hng Nokia Siemens Networks cng b th
nghim thnh cng cng ngh LTE vi tc ln n 173 Mb/s trong mi trng
th vi nhiu thu bao cng lc. Trn bng tn 2,6 GHz vi 20MHz bng thng,
tc ny vt xa tc yu cu l 100 Mbps.

Gim c k thut ca hng, ng Stephan Scholz pht biu: Khi th gii

tin gn n con s 5 t thu bao vo nm 2015, theo tin on ca chng ti, cc
nh cung cp dch v di ng s phi s dng tt c cc bng tn vi mt cu trc
mng n gin nht v hiu qu chi ph cao nht phc v lu lng lin lc cao
hn 100 ln. Cuc th nghim thc t ny l mt chng minh ban u quan trng
cho khi nim v LTE.

Cuc gi thoi u tin gia 2 in thoi LTE c trnh din vo Hi

ngh Th gii di ng (Mobile World Congress) c t chc vo thng 2/2008 ti
Barcelona, Ty Ban Nha. Vo thng 3 va qua, mng NTT DoCoMo th
nghim LTE t n tc 250Mbps.

Ti cc trin lm vin thng quc t gn y, cc nh sn xut Huawei,

Motorola, Ericsson cng biu din LTE vi cc ng dng nh xem tivi cht
lng cao HDTV, chi game online

Cc cuc th nghim v trnh din ny chng t kh nng tuyt vi

ca cng ngh LTE v kh nng thng mi ha LTE n rt gn.

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 n tt nghip Cng ngh LTE cho mng di ng bng
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Trc y, mun truy cp d liu, bn phi cn 1 ng dy c nh
kt ni. Trong tng lai khng xa vi LTE, bn c th truy cp tt c cc dch v
mi lc mi ni trong khi vn di chuyn: xem phim cht lng cao, in thoi
thy hnh, chi game trc tuyn, ti c s d liu v.v V hy nh: vi tc
siu tc.

1.3 Mc tiu thit k LTE

Nhng hot ng ca 3GPP trong vic ci tin mng 3G vo ma xun nm

2005 xc nh i tng, nhng yu cu v mc tiu cho LTE. Nhng mc tiu
v yu cu ny c dn chng bng ti liu trong vn bn 3GPP TR 25.913.
Nhng yu cu cho LTE c chia thnh 07 phn khc nhau nh sau:

Tim nng, dung lng.

Hiu sut h thng
Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai
Kin trc v s dch chuyn (migration)
Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
phc tp
Nhng vn chung

1.3.1 Tim nng cng ngh

Yu cu c t ra l vic t tc d liu nh cho ng xung l

100 Mbit/s v ng ln l 50 Mbit/s, khi hot ng trong phn b ph 20 MHz.
Khi m phn b ph hp hn th tc d liu nh cng s t l theo. Do , iu
kin t ra l c th biu din c 5 bit/s/Hz cho ng xung v 2.5 bit/s/Hz
cho ng ln. Nh s c tho lun di y, LTE h tr c ch FDD v
TDD. R rng, i vi trng hp TDD, truyn dn ng ln v ng xung,
theo nh ngha khng th xut hin ng thi. Do m yu cu tc d liu
nh cng khng th trng nhau ng thi. Mt khc, i vi trng hp FDD,
c tnh ca LTE cho php qu trnh pht v thu ng thi t c tc d liu
nh theo phn l thuyt trn.

Yu cu v tr c chia thnh: yu cu tr mt phng iu khin

(the control-plane latency requirements) v yu cu tr mt phng ngi dng
(the user-plane latency requirements). Yu cu tr control-plane xc nh tr
ca vic chuyn t cc trng thi thit b u cui khng tch cc khc nhau sang

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trng thi tch cc khi thit b u cui di ng c th gi v nhn d liu. C
hai cch xc nh: cch xc nh th nht c th hin qua thi gian chuyn tip
t trng thi tm tr (camped state) chng hn nh trng thi Release 6 idle mode,
khi th th tc chim 100 ms; cch xc nh th hai c th hin qua thi gian
chuyn tip t trng thi ng chng hn nh trng thi Release 6 Cell_PCH, khi
th th tc chim 50 ms. Trong c hai th tc ny, th tr ch ng v vic bo
hiu non-RAN u c loi tr. (Ch Release 6 idle l 1 trng thi m khi
thit b u cui khng c nhn bit i vi mng truy nhp v tuyn, ngha l,
mng truy nhp v tuyn khng c bt c thuc tnh no ca thit b u cui v
thit b u cui cng khng c ch nh mt ti nguyn v tuyn no. Thit b
u cui c th trong ch ng v ch lng nghe h thng mng ti nhng
khong thi gian c th. Trng thi Release 6 Cell_PCH l trng thi khi m thit
b u cui khng c nhn bit i vi mng truy nhp v tuyn. Tuy mng truy
nhp v tuyn bit thit b u cui ang trong t bo no nhng thit b u
cui li khng c cp pht bt c ti nguyn v tuyn no. Thit b u cui lc
ny c th ang trong ch ng).

Yu cu tr mt phng ngi dng c th hin quan thi gian

truyn mt gi IP nh t thit b u cui ti nt bin RAN hoc ngc li c
o t lp IP. Thi gian truyn theo mt hng s khng vt qu 5 ms trong mng
khng ti (unloaded network), ngha l khng c mt thit b u cui no khc
xut hin trong t bo.

Xt v mt yu cu i vi tr mt phng iu khin, LTE c th h

tr t nht 200 thit b u cui di ng trng thi tch cc khi hot ng
khong tn 5 MHz. Trong mi phn b rng hn 5 MHz, th t nht c 400 thit b
u cui c h tr. S lng thit b u cui khng tch cc trong t bo khng
ni r l bao nhiu nhng c th l cao hn mt cch ng k.

1.3.2 Hiu sut h thng

Cc mc tiu thit k cng nng h thng LTE s xc nh lu lng

ngi dng, hiu sut ph, linh ng, vng ph sng, v MBMS nng cao.

Nhn chung, cc yu cu c tnh LTE c lin quan n h thng chun s

dng phin bn 6 HSPA. i vi trm gc, gi nh c mt anten pht v hai anten
thu, trong khi th thit b u cui c ti a l mt anten pht v hai anten thu.
Tuy nhin, mt iu quan trng cn lu l nhng c tnh nng cao nh l mt
phn ca vic ci tin HSPA th khng c bao gm trong tham chiu chun. V
th, mc d thit b u cui trong h thng chun c gi nh l c hai anten

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 n tt nghip Cng ngh LTE cho mng di ng bng
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thu th mt b thu RAKE n gin vn c p dng. Tng t, ghp knh khng
gian cng khng c p dng trong h thng chun.

Yu cu lu lng ngi dng c nh r theo hai im: ti s phn b

ngi dng trung bnh v ti s phn b ngi dng phn v th 5 (khi m 95%
ngi dng c c cht lng tt hn). Mc tiu hiu sut ph cng c ch r,
v trong thuc tnh ny th hiu sut ph c nh ngha l lu lng h thng
theo t bo tnh theo bit/s/MHz/cell. Nhng mc tiu thit k ny c tng hp
trong bng 1.3.

Bng 1.3 - Cc yu cu v hiu sut ph v lu lng ngi dng

Mc tiu ng xung so Mc tiu ng ln so vi

Phng php o hiu sut
vi c bn c bn
Lu lng ngi dng
3 ln 4 ln 2 ln 3 ln
trung bnh (trn 1 MHz)
Lu lng ngi dng ti
bin t bo (trn 1 MHz, 2 ln 3 ln 2 ln 3 ln
phn v th 5)
Hiu sut ph
3 ln 4 ln 2 ln 3 ln
(bit/s/Hz/cell)

Yu cu v linh ng ch yu tp trung vo tc di chuyn ca cc

thit b u cui di ng. Ti tc thp, 0-15 km/h th hiu sut t c l ti
a, v cho php gim i mt t i vi tc cao hn. Ti vn tc ln n 120
km/h, LTE vn cung cp hiu sut cao v i vi vn tc trn 120 km/h th h
thng phi duy tr c kt ni trn ton mng t bo. Tc ti a c th qun l
i vi mt h thng LTE c th c thit lp n 350 km/h (hoc thm ch n
500 km/h ty thuc vo bng tn). Mt yu t quan trong c bit l dch v thoi
c cung cp bi LTE s ngang bng vi cht lng m WCDMA/HSPA h tr.

Yu cu v vng ph sng ch yu tp trung vo phm vi t bo (bn

knh), ngha l khong cch ti a t vng t bo (cell site) n thit b u cui di
ng trong cell. i vi phm vi t bo ln n 5 km th nhng yu cu v lu
lng ngi dng, hiu sut ph v linh ng vn c m bo trong gii hn
khng b nh hng bi nhiu. i vi nhng t bo c phm vi ln n 30 km th
c mt s gim nh cho php v lu lng ngi dng v hiu sut ph th li
gim mt cch ng k hn nhng vn c th chp nhn c. Tuy nhin, yu cu
v di ng vn c p ng. Khi m phm vi t bo ln n 100 km th khng
thy c c tnh k thut v yu cu hiu sut no c ni r trong trng hp
ny.

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Nhng yu cu MBMS nng cao xc nh c hai ch : broadcast (qung

b) v unicast. Nhn chung, LTE s cung cp nhng dch v tt hn so vi nhng
g c th trong phin bn 6. Yu cu i vi trng hp broadcast l hiu sut ph
1 bit/s/Hz, tng ng vi khong 16 knh TV di ng bng cch s dng khong
300 kbit/s trong mi phn b ph tn 5 MHz. Hn na, n c th cung cp dch v
MBMS vi ch mt dch v trn mt sng mang, cng nh l kt hp vi cc dch
v non-MBMS khc. V nh vy th ng nhin c tnh k thut ca LTE c
kh nng cung cp ng thi c dch v thoi v dch v MBMS.

1.3.3 Cc vn lin quan n vic trin khai

Cc yu cu lin quan n vic trin khai bao gm cc kch bn trin

khai, linh hot ph, tri ph, s cng tn ti v lm vic vi nhau gia LTE vi
cc cng ngh truy cp v tuyn khc ca 3GPP nh GSM v WCDMA/HSPA.

Nhng yu cu v kch bn trin khai bao gm: trng hp m h thng

LTE c trin khai nh l mt h thng c lp v trng hp m LTE c
trin khai ng thi vi WCDMA/HSPA hoc GSM. Do m yu cu ny s
khng lm gii hn cc tiu chun thit k. Nhng yu cu v linh hot ph v
trin khai s c phc tho chi tit hn trong phn 1.3.3.1.

Vn cng tn ti v c th hot ng phi hp vi cc h thng 3GPP

khc v nhng yu cu tng ng thit lp ra nhng iu kin v tnh linh ng
gia LTE v GSM, v gia LTE v WCDMA/HSPA cho thit b u cui di ng
h tr nhng cng ngh ny. Bng 1.4 lit k nhng yu cu v s gin on,
l, thi gian gin on di nht trong lin kt v tuyn khi phi di chuyn gia cc
cng ngh truy cp v tuyn khc nhau, bao gm c dch v thi gian thc v phi
thi gian thc. C mt iu ng ch l nhng yu cu ny khng c cht ch
cho lm i vi vn gin on trong chuyn giao v hy vng khi m trin khai
thc t th s t c nhng gi tr tt hn ng k.

Yu cu v vic cng tn ti v c th lm vic vi nhau cng xc nh

vic chuyn i lu lng multicast t phng php broadcast trong LTE thnh
phng php unicast trong c GSM hoc WCDMA, mc d khng c s lng
cho trc.

Bng 1.4 - Yu cu v thi gian gin on, LTE-GSM v LTE-WCDMA

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1.3.3.1 linh hot ph v vic trin khai

Nn tng cho nhng yu cu v linh hot ph l nhng iu kin

LTE c th c trin khai trn nhng bng tn IMT-2000 hin hnh, ngha l kh
nng cng tn ti vi cc h thng c trin khai trn nhng bng tn ny, bao
gm WCDMA/HSPA v GSM. Mt phn lin quan n nhng yu cu LTE v
mt linh hot ph l kh nng trin khai vic truy nhp v tuyn da trn LTE
cho d phn b ph l theo cp hay n l, nh vy LTE c th h tr c Song
cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD) v song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD).

S song cng hay vic qui hoch song cng l mt thuc tnh ca
cng ngh truy cp v tuyn. Tuy vy, mt phn b ph cho trc th cng c
lin kt vi mt qui hoch song cng c th. H thng FDD c trin khai theo
mt cp phn b ph, vi mt di tn cho truyn dn ng xung v mt di tn
khc dnh cho ng ln. Cn h thng TDD th c trin khai trong cc phn
b ph n l.

Ly mt v d l ph ca IMT-2000 ti tn s 2 GHz, gi l bng tn

li IMT-2000. Nh trnh by trong hnh 1.3, n bao gm cp bng tn 1920-1980
MHz v 2110-2170 MHz dnh cho truy cp v tuyn da trn FDD, v hai bng
tn l 1910-1920 MHz v 2010-2025 MHz dnh cho truy cp v tuyn da trn
TDD. Ch l c th v nhng qui nh ca a phng v vng m vic s dng
ph ca IMT-2000 c th khc so vi nhng g c trnh by y.

Hnh 1.3 Phn b ph bng tn li ti 2 GHz ca nguyn bn IMT-2000

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