UN = a & oo R n v JThe Russian FAST course first appeared at FSI more than 15 years ago, and it has been growing and changing ever since. The current edition owes its existence to many individuals, all of whom we would like to thank. While time and space do not permit us to. thank them all individually, we would like to bring special attention to the efforts of the following: Without the computer skills and language teaching expertise of Language and Culture Instructor Garegin Petrosian, this book would not exist today. Thanks are also ‘owed to Linda Coble and the staff in OMIS who responded, generously and promptly, to every request for software, as well as hardware. Tatiana Hassan, Natasha Lord, Olga Shishkevish and many other Language and Culture Instructors in the Russian Section make up the team which brought the first, and then later versions of the FAST course to our students. We are grateful to them all for their hard work and dedication. Special thanks are due Tatiana Hassan who has been the driving force behind the current FAST course and this latest version of the book. Without the efforts of Lawrence Williams and David Coy in Multi-Media Operations we could not have produced the tapes which accompany this book. Thanks also go to those instructors in the Russian Section who lent their voices. Thanks are also owed to all the Language and Culture Instructors in the Russian Section who gave so freely of their time to proofread, correct and suggest improvements to this book. ur work on the FAST course has always enjoyed the support of our administration. We owe a special debt of gratitude to Dr. James Snow, Chair of NEE, Dr. David Argoff and Gary Crawford, Associate Deans of the School of Language Studies at FSi. Finally, and most importantly, we are grateful to our students, who have so patiently helped us test these materials and who have so generously shared their comments. We have benefitted greatly by their experiences, and we hope that our future students will do so as well. Maureen Riley Language Training Supervisor Russian Language Section September, 1995TABLE OF CONTENTS GOAGPMAHHE © INTRODUCTION BBGAGHHE 1. Lesson Ypok 2. Lesson Ypok 3. Lesson Ypok 4. Lesson Ypox 5. Lesson Ypok 6. Lesson Ypok 7. Lesson Ypox 8. Lesson Ypok 9. Lesson Ypox 1: ALPHABET 1: AA@ABHT 2: GEOGRAPHY 2: TEOrPA@HA 3: MEETING PEOPLE 3: BHAKOMCTBO 4: FAMILY 4: COMBA 5: WHERE DO YOU WORK? 5: TAG BHI PABOTAGTG? WHERE DO YOU LIVE? TAG BH KHBETE? DD 7: SHOPPING 7: HOKVOKH 8: IN THE RESTAURANT 8: B PECTOPAHG 9: TRANSPORTATION 9: TPAHGIIOPT 10. Lesson 10: IN THE HOTEL Ypok 1 . Lesson Ypok 10: 8 POCTHHHIE 11: THE TELEPHONE 11: TEAGDOHINTRODUCTIO! AOBPO NO>KANOBATb B PYCCKM OTAEN! WELCOME TO THE RUSSIAN F.A.S.T. COURSE! Welcome to the Russian F.A.S.T. course! We're glad you're going to be with us for the next 8 weeks, and we'd like to do everything we can to make this time both enjoyable and profitable for you. You may be wondering just what we have in store for you, and what you may expect to accomplish in the time you have. So, without further ado... F.A.S,T. COURSE OBJECTIVES The F.A.S.T (Familiarization And Short Term) course is designed to prepare students for life in Russia (and the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union) by giving them the necessary basic skills in the language. We want you to leave here with the ability to face, without hesitation, any number of situations you will encounter in day-to-day life in those cities where you will live, work and visit. Some of the skills we will help you to acquire include the following: 1. The ability to ask simple questions pertaining to your daily practical needs. You will need to know HOW to get something done, HOW to elicit necessary information. 2. The ability to understand key words in the answers to your questions. You will learn to use those key words in your own speech. 3. The ability to work with numbers (as used in prices, phone numbers, addresses, etc.), especially the larger numbers which are in use today: 1,000 and above. Most importantly, you will learn to recognize and understand theseINTRODUCTION numbers when you encounter them, either in written or in spoken form. You will also be able to produce simple number combinations of your own (your address, your telephone number, etc.) 4. The ability to read and understand street signs, signs in the metro and other forms of transportation, in stores, hotels, etc. You will be able to read and decipher such things as concert/theater programs, menus, instructions for guests in hotels, rules for using public transport, hours of operation of various establishments, etc. 5. You will become familiar with the telephone and be able to handle many types of different calls. 6. The ability to introduce yourself, and others when necessary; to appropriately greet people and to distinguish between different levels of formality and informality in the language. You will be able to speak about yourself, your family, your interests and work and be able to ask your friends and colleagues the same. 7. Finally, you will become familiar with Russia (and other NIS countries, whenever possible), its geography, history, politics, art and literature. The F.A.S.T. course, and this textbook, have been designed to familiarize you with the Russian language and Russian culture in their broadest contexts. You should not expect to receive a formal presentation of the grammar and structure of the language. You WILL learn some grammar, but only that which it is necessary for you to know in order to perform a givenINTRODUCTION task. There are simple grammar notes contained in each lesson, but if you are a student who wishes to learn more about the theoretical aspect of Russian grammar, you may find the purchase of Brian Kemple’s Essential Russian Grammar helpful. The course will emphasize more the development of good, oral skills and aural comprehension and less so the development of an ability to read and write in Russian. However, skills such as being able to read signs and to write down names, addresses and/or phone numbers will be essential for you to acquire. With the help of the book and your instructors, you will accomplish that. All that remains to be said is that, while we are here to teach you the basics of Russian, you must realize that only you can learn them. No single textbook or instructor wili be sufficient without a certain effort on your part. You will rarely be asked to do homework assignments, but you should plan on doing work outside the classroom. We have audio tapes to accompany each lesson, and the Multi-Media Center has some computer-assisted Russian language materials. All this together can combine to make your F.A.S.T. course experience the best one possible. ’ YAU BAM! GOOD LUCK!TAPE 1-2 Side A: Side B: TAPE 3-4 Side A: Side B: TAPE 5-6 Side A: Side B: TAPE 7-8 Side A: RUSSIAN FAST TAPES Contains Lessons 1 - 4 Lesson 1: Alphabet (pg. 37) Russian Phonetics (pg. 40) Spelling and Pronunciation Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Table of Intonation Constructions Lesson 4 Contains Lessons 5 - 7 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Contains Lessons 8 - 10 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 (to pg. 27) Contains Lessons 10 - 11 Lesson 10 (continued from pg. 28) Lesson 11LESSON N°1 RUSSIAN ALPHABET YPOK N21 PYGGKHH AADABHT#1, ANDABUT er Aa Pp 56 Cc BB ay rr Yy Aa Oh Ee Xx Eé Lu, KOK U4 33 Ww Mn UL, vn b Kk bi Jin b Mu 39 Hu tOro Oo Aa nnYPOK Nt, ANDABUT THE RU: {ABET The Russian alphabet “Cyrillic” is named in honor of St. Cyril, a Greek missionary who brought the written word to the Slavs in the 9th century. This alphabet, as it exists today, consists of 33 letters/symbols: 10 vowel symbols, 20 consonants, 1 semi-vowel and 2 symbols with no sound value. The following is a presentation of the Cyrillic alphabet “Kupuinnnua”. It consists of letters/symbols which: 1. resemble Latin letters and represent approximately the same sounds. ‘ ‘ MAMA KOMETA KOT Practice reading the following words: ATOM KAKAO MOKKO TEMA TOM MEKKA2. resemble Latin letters, but represent different sounds: P represents a trilled or “flapped” r. (Compare it to the double t sound in “letter” or the double d sound in “ladder”.) Y _ is a vowel which represents the long vowel sound oo. c represents the sound s. B represents the sound v. KACCA METPO TPAKTOP D KAKTYG MOCKBAYPOK Net, ANOABUT Practice reading the following words: METP KYPC MACCA —_KBOTA MOTOP TEKCT =‘ TOPT MACKA KBAC APKA AOPTA KAPTA AKT ABTOP kOCMoc TEATP APOMAT COPT CAMOBAP ABTOMAT H_,. represents the sound n. HOTA Practice reading the following words: CEHATOP HEPB HOC BETEPAH OKEAH MAHEPA MOMEHT HOPMA HOMEP PECTOPAH — BAHHA HATOYPOK N'1. ANI@ABUT 3. look different from Latin letters altogether. V_ isa vowel which represents the long vowel sound ee. rASETH nar KNOCK Practice reading the following words: PVC PUCK =MMWHMCTP. ~CUCTEMA TPA = PMM-~—s MVHMYM_-KBAPTUPA BUCK APTUCT APTUCTKA VHCTPYMEHT BUHO KUHO MUHYTA YHVBEPCUTET HUHA = MVHCK VHTEPEC MATEMATVIKAJ] represents the sound |. Boo ctyn numMou Practice reading the following words: KMVMAT VTP YHA MANN MUNNVOH NVPVKA METANA nA PEKNAMA SEKCUKA MIVTEPATYPA SIMCT MUHEPAN TYANET MONEKYNA MONOKO4 tepresents the sound d. PAQUO AOKTOP OM Practice reading the following words: MOA AMBAH JPAMA KAHAWZAT AMPEKTOP AMUCK fOHZOH JOKYMEHT CTAQMOH ATA KAHADA JEMOKPAT AMKTAHT =METOQ JPAKOH KOAKN. AL 5 represents the sound b. OISSUOE MISERNOE OBRENUE sTOCHIAPCTOENHAS, TPETORKOBCKAR. FAEPER — Kpument 924,10 Cepun TT axonuon cuner x =O38617 Uewa 1 p. 50 x. BAHAH BUNET Practice reading the following words: BAHK BOCTOH BOKC — BYKET BMAHK BAP BAC BANET BIVH = BPAT.-~—Ss BOPMC-—s BAPOHM represents the sound p. / / AIAMNA NACNOPT Practice reading the following words: MPECCA MAH MATPHOT TEMN CTON MPOTECT MPOEKT NOPT — JENYTAT OnEPA nAKET FINAKAT MAPK = MMMOPT gAunnom CnOPT MAPAR MYBMKA 4 NOPTPET TAPTAMEHT MMAHVCT TPAHCMOPT MPAKTHIKA aunnomAt MOnMTUKAYPOK Nit. AN@ABUT bI represents a vowel sound which does not exist in English, This letter will never begin a word and is often used to form the plural of nouns. PLIBA Practice reading the following words: Tb MBINO Bbl KYPCbI MbI TYPUCTbI ATOMbI PKIBA CbIH CTYAEHTbI KACCbI nnAHbI nAMnbI BIVHbI TINAKATHIr represents the sound g. rUTAPA KOHTPECC NEHTATOHYPOK NH. ANOABUT Practice reading the following words: BONTA rPAMM OPrAH BUHErPET — TPAHUIT MATHMT TAMMA ron APTYMEHT ATPOHOM —ATPEGCOP TEHEPAN rPYnINA curHan nporPecc rPOT TPAMMATIKA KUOrPAMM 3 represents the sound z. ’ 7 ¢ TA3ETA PO3SA 3EBPAYPOK Nt. ANDABUT Practice reading the following words: MATASVH BASA 3EHAT 30HA MPESMMEHT BASA 300n0r BUSA MATPUOTM3M BY3MT MY3A MY3bIKA @ tepresents the sound f. KAOE MUKPO®OH = TENE®OHYPOK Nt, AN@ABUT Practice reading the following words: MU® BYOET ®OHQ PYKTHI @UHAN KO@E ®OCOOP @OHTAH @UPMA POHT EH @VHAHCbI A@PUKA OOTO Ona MIPOMECCOP @EPMA = OV’3VKA @AKT = OEHOMEH @OPMA OPA3A OUTYPA OYTBON mK represents the zh sound, similar to the “s” in measure.YPOK NH, ANDABUT Practice reading the following words: KEHA >KAPTOH KENE KECT MUPOX%KOK >KAKET >KYPHAIIVICT >KAHP 1 isasemi-vowel which represents the sound of “y” as in York. ae *#y ee Th Smithsonian NNAHETAPHIM MY3EnYPOK Nt, ANIDABUT Practice reading the following words: wor MAB30NEU von rePOn HOTA NEPECTPOMIKA TPAMBAM BOMKOT x represents the sound of the j in the English pronunciation of junta. The best way to make this sound is to get your tongue in the position for the k sound, and then simply exhale.YPOK NH, ANDABUT Practice reading the following words: XPOHVIKA XUMMK XYNUrAH XAKM XPAM XAOC XAPAKTEP — CAXAPOB XYHTA TEXHNK XAMENEOH MEXAHMK U_ represents the sound of “ch”, as in cheese.YPOK Nef. ANOABUT. Practice reading the following words: p ant coun UAIKOBCKII MATY AMATO PocTrondésv4 f 4 DAMA YEXOB YBAHOBMY {represents the sound of the “ts” combination as in the word bets. LMPK nVLLAPractice reading the following words: MEAVLVHA UEMEHT COFDKEHVLbIH KOHLEPT AMCUMNAMHA — APMHLUMN CNEWMANMCT — WEHTP LWAHOP UVHK YPOK NH. ANOABUT LIMTATA nPougcc LIEH3YPA WEHT uvikn LU represents the “sh” sound similar to that of the “s” in sugar. 7 WOKONAA Practice reading the following words: WTAT WPUOT WAP® WE® / ¢ KALUA LUYBA WMMAH3E = OHM 20 MALUMHA WTAMM MAPLI wKONAYPOK N41, AN@ABUT LU, looks like the letter above, except for its little tail. It represents a sound similar to the combination shch, as in fresh cheese or the sti combination in the word question. Practice reading the following words: WENKYHYK ~—LEKA BOPLL WEHOK uM WT 3 is. avowel which represents the sound of “e” as in bet. This letter often begins words in Russian and is only rarely found within a word. 3CKANATOP SNEKTPOH 21YPOK NH. AN@ABUT Practice reading the following words: SPA QKCMPECC 3KCNEPUMEHT nosTt ASPOONOT STVIKA ONMTA QK3AMEH SHTY3UA3M SFOUCT 3x0 SNEKTPUK SKBATOP SKCNOPT SKOHOMMCT FA is a vowel which has two pronunciations in Russian. 1. A at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced ya. At the beginning of a word: AXTA 22YPOK N'1. AR@ABUT Practice reading the following words: AK AB APA, : A AMA ANTA AHKU AKOB Apyc APMAPKA In a vowel cluster: 4 BATAPEA 2YPOK NH, AN@ABYT. Practice reading the following words: MAPKA ONEPAUWMA MABOPATOPUIA nAPTUA KOMEANA - KONNEKUMA nua TEOPUA TEPPUTOPUA APMMA PENVTMA == NOSMLUA KONA SKCKYPCHA SKCNEAMLIMA KATETOPMA KOMUCCHA NONMLWA MPO®ECCHA TANEPEA MMCCHA 2. After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is palatalized, i.e. it is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. Al then represents the vowel a.YPOK Ne Practice reading the following words: HAHA = TAHA~SséCOPAR—SsNAIAR KONA ~=s«éBAHARSsCMAR SAAR FO. is avowel which has two pronunciations in Russian. 1. }O atthe beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced yoo. At the beginning of a word: ior IOPTA lOPU (OMOP 1OPMICT lOBENUP 1OHOWA lOBUNEN lOCTMLMA In a vowel cluster: KAIOTA colo3 25YPOK N'1. ANOABYT 2. After a consonant this letter indicates that the consonant is pa/atalized, i.e. it is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. tO then represents the vowel y. / PIOK3AK Practice reading the following words: HIOAHC BIOA>KET 4 BIOPO BIOPOKPAT 4 4 MEHIO yor Z BIOCT CIOXKET 26 7 niore DOHA TOKE KOCTIOMYPOK N41, ANDABUT E, a vowel, like A and IO also has two pronunciations. In.printed texts other than textbooks the two dots are not indicated. You must be told when to pronounce & (which is always stressed) and when to pronounce e. 1. E at the beginning of a word or as the second vowel in a vowel cluster is pronounced yo. At the beginning of a word: ENKA EK In a vowel cluster: MOE TBOE EE 27Pe DAL 2. After a consonant it indicates that the consonant is polatalized, ie. it is pronounced with the middle portion of the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth. E then represents the vowel o. TETA BEPE3A CECTPbI CBEKNA CEMrA WO®EP MAHEBP S3ENEHbIN neg, MEQ, CUET 28YPOK NH. ANOABUT. b The symbol & has no sound value. It indicates that the preceding consonant is palatalized. It is most often found at the end of Russian words and signals that these words are pronounced with the final consonant polotalized (‘softened’). For this reason it is referred to as the “soft sign”. ¢ s MEJAMb ABTOMOBMSIb Practice reading the following words: MATb EKABPb AMIPESIb COsIb KOH = KHASb NOPTOENb HOUb OTEMb KANEHAAPb JPOBb — LIAPb HONb CEKPETAPb MOJENb OUNIbM CETb NATb BYNbBAP KPEM/1b 29YPOK Net, AN@ABUT ‘b The symbol » also has no sound value. It is found within words and is used to separate the prefix from the root of the word when the prefix ends in a consonant and the root of the word begins with one of the following vowels: A, to, E, E. Practice reading the following words: OBbE3L = MOAbEM = MOA BES OBbEKT CbE3A BbE3A, CYBbEKT OBbEM 30YPOK Nt, AN@ABUT YnpaakHénve N*1. Read through the following list of places you might want to visit. KACCA KUHO TEATP CTAQMOH WKONA UMPK MOCKBA MAFASUH PECTOPAH KPEM/Ib naPK MAB3ONEM YHUBEPCUTET EPMA 300rAPK BAHK MY3EN TANEPEA TMNAHETAPII BYOET BAP XPAM BbICTABKA AINTA POCcuiA KOHCEPBATOPUIA 31Ynpa>kHeHne N22. YPOK N44. ANDABUT Draw a line between the words which are logically related to each other. ®YTBON MEHIO 300MAPK KUHO “AHHA KAPEHMHA" nuTP KA@E TASETA OPKECTP KACCA TACTPOHOM ASPOONOT AOKTOP CTYAEHT TPAKTOP Toncton CTAAMOH OUNIbM PECTOPAH MEAMLUVHA BEH3VH KUPA® YHMBEPCUTET @EPMA KOHLIEPT CTIOAPAECCA BUNET KOOE PABA MATA3V1H 32YPOK Ni, ANOABUT. YnpaokHenne Ne3. Unscramble the following words. Use the answers below for help. (OMHE HMAMOA ACACK EOOK TON®SAPO TBYE® UPEEHUYCBTT AMOBCK ATAENPE PCOTNNA PANbBBY Answers: KACcA, MOCKBA, nacnort, KOOE, YHMBEPCMTET, TANEPER, MEHIO, BYOET, AMHAMO, ASPO@NOT, BYNbBAP. 33POK Nt, AN@, YnparkHénne N*4, Make as many Russian words as you can using each letter only once. Start each word with one of the capitalized letters. KeowotpoMo6p0BoC3sn0oMoywur 4B _ 5.C___ Ynpaoknénve N°5, This is a listening comprehension exercise. Number the words according to the sequence in which your teacher will read them aloud. mysén TacTpoHoM __ apunn Taseta | = rutapa Kage = aypHan BABA — , wtat coos = 34YPOK Ne RUSSIAN PHONETICS In order to speak Russian well, you must become fully acquainted with the phonetics of the language. The task is both a simple and a difficult one as you have already seen, now that you know the alphabet well. In this lesson we will work on the basics of Russian pronunciation; specifically on the distinctions between “soft” (palatalized) consonants and “hard” ones (non- palatalized); how these differences are indicated in the orthography (writing system) and how they are manifested in the actual pronunciation of words. “HARD” AND “SOFT” CONSONANTS When we say that Russian has 20 consonants, we are referring only to the 20 consonant symbols in the alphabet. In reality, Russian has nearly twice that number of consonant sounds due to something called “palatalization”, or “softening”. All this means is that certain consonants can be slightly modified by arching your tongue and moving it forward, towards the hard palate area (that ridge on the roof of your mouth where your upper teeth fit in) while making the consonant sound. The effect is to make the sound “softer” and, in terms of pitch, slightly higher. The best mechanism for a good, palatalized consonant sound is to SMILE while pronouncing. Try it -- it really works! Now you know how to make the sound. But how will you know when? Consonants which can be palatalized (all of them EXCEPT >, w and uy) will be pronounced palatalized when you see them followed by: -- the “soft sign” b (usually at the end of a word) 35M1, ANO) OR: --one of these vowel symbols: A, e, 6, 10, H (called “indicator” vowels) The function of these vowel symbols is to indicate that the preceding consonant is pronounced in its “soft” variant. The consonant is then followed by the vowel sound: a, 3, 0, y or bi. When any of the consonants listed above has no “soft sign” following it, or is followed by one of these vowel symbols: a, 3, 0, y, t!, that consonant will be Pronounced in its “hard” variant (no smiling allowed!). KEEP IN MIND: 4 and Ll are always SOFT, no matter which vowel symbol follows them. >K, ll and Ll are always HARD, even if they are followed by a dicator” vowel symbols. “soft sign” or one of the “ 36YPOK Ni. AN@ABUT PRACTICE IN RUSSIAN PHONETICS Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following pairs aloud. Try to detect the (subtle) difference between the “hard” consonant sound (the first in the pair) and the “soft” consonant sound. Notice also the differences in the orthography. 6a--6A na -- nA Ba-- BA ga-- oA fa-- aA Ta~TA 3a--3A ca-ca na-- nA Ma -- MA Ha -- HA 69-6e na ne B9— Be $3 -- be a3 ~ ne Ta --Te 33--3e ca--ce ng--ne ma -- Me Ha -- He 60 -- 66 no - né BO -- BE 0 -- 68 Ao -- 26 To -- TE 30 -- 36 co--cé no = né MO -- M6 HO -- HE 37 6y ~- 610 ny — m0 BY -- BIO by ~ d10 Ay -- Alo Ty~ To ay -- 310 cy--clo ny -- lo my -- Mio Hy -- HIO Obi -- 61 Tt -- nH BbI -- BH bi -- on Abi-- an Te ™ SbI-- 3H cu cn Abi -- AK Mbl -- MH Hot HAYPOK Nt, AN@ABYT Listen carefully as your instructor reads the following words aloud. Pay close attention to the differences between the “soft” consonants (look for the vowels A, e, 6, to and u or the ‘soft sign” b) and the “hard” ones. Macca -- MAco nana ~ nATe ndua -- HAHA Mino -- Mana Gein ~ Gun Mama ~ MATa BYICKH ~- BICTaBKa cuit — cenit ata ~ arian Mbinb -- NH AYK -- MOK Bonra -- Onera Pbice -- prc nap - yap cTon -- cTOnbKO Gpat -- 6pate Hoc -- H6C Alon -- AeHe kagé -- OdaA Map -- Mépa Tel -- Trp 38YPOK NH. ANOABUT SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION In an ideal world, words will be pronounced just as they are written. However, since we do not live in an ideal world, we see that the pronunciation of certain words does not always correspond to their written representation. This is true not only in Russian, but in numerous other languages as well, including English. For example: the o in women is pronounced as i; the initial wis not pronounced in write, and the t in action is pronounced as sh. Russian has a specific set of rules which govern those instances where ‘spelling and pronunciation differ, and if you can master these rules, you will be well on your way to acquiring good pronunciation skills in Russian. REMEMBER: 1. Vowels carry stress and in Russian the stress can fall on any syllable in a word. 2. Russian words have only one stress. 3. Stress is not part of Russian orthography. However, many teaching materials mark stress as an aid in learning. 4.The way a vowel is pronounced depends on whether it is stressed or not. This is a very important rule and we'll discuss it in a little more detail in the next section. 398 aT RULE 1: THE VOWELS O AND A 1. In Russian, the vowels 0 and a are pronounced as o and a only when they are stressed. Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Listen as your instructor reads these words aloud and repeat after hinVher. You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson. ‘ ' : ’ opt BHO AMMOH NarpHot Giopo ' ‘ 1 ‘ copT HOpMa >kaprouH Bonra KHHO 30Ha MeTpO_ Knock kooe Homep 2. in the syllable directly in front of the stressed syllable or when the vowels o/a begin words, both are pronounced as a short a similar to the “a” in about. Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Now listen and repeat: Mocksa_ KOHMEpT kaHan apaHe no3t komeTa Kavaaa a6cypa poma raseta Nenrarou aopta XOKKEH Ganer aunnomat opkéctp npotect qyaner agponopt okedi Tonctoii - Gavan arpoHoM oméraYPOK Ni. AN@ABUT 3. In all other unstressed syllables both vowels o and a are pronounced like the short, indistinct “a” in tuna. Look at the following words and note the syllable which is stressed. Now listen and repeat: nacnopt macka ‘paktop rama arom aava aoKtop camosap $010 cTannon 3kcnopr Anviao Tlowaon MonoKo xpoHnka kara : . knwmatT MawvHa 41YPOK N'4, AN@ABUT RULE 2: THE VOWELS E and A 1. In Russian the vowels e and f are given full pronunciation only when they are stressed. Listen as your instructor reads the following words then repeat after hinV/her. You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson. : : : ’ KomeTa AMpekTop 6ypet NAT AXTa Tema 6unet noproénb ABNOKO ceMbA TeKcT Yexos épma pe6Ata Anta 2. When unstressed these vowels are pronounced as a short i. Listen as your instructor reads the following words then repeat after him/her. You'll also find this exercise on the tape for this lesson. Tenepon teaTp Aexa6pb 6epésa ASbIK PpectopaH BuHerpéeT TaHeTapwi = ANoHeL, AHBapb HoMep kaneHaapp —ranepéa ANOHKA ANUS aYnpakHénve N°6. Read the following words: A. Kentykkn Heeaga Muiiecora Bupaxnnna Nexcuntsdnnn KanngopHnn Hoto-Témnump Hoto-Mexcnko Mrccnecnnn Konnextukyt Bawurton Césepran Kaponina (Oxnan KaponuHa 3dnaqnan BypaknHnA Bepmout Hto-Ayxépen Operox READING EXERCISES Tasaiin Nlywsnaka Apkan3ac Muccypu Mapunena He6packa Monratia Hoto-Viopk Vngnatia ApnsoHa Poa-Ainena, Maccauycere Texac Oxnaxoma Aiaadxo Ora t Aiiosa 43 Axopaxna Denasap Unnunoiic Bavtiomnur Anabama Tenneccn BuickoHcnH Konopago @nopviaa Mnuurdy Anrcxa 1Oxtian Aaxora Césepran Dakota Oratio Mau Kanisac5. : : tOkon CackayesaH Anb6épta Hbto-Bparicynk Kee6ek Mannto6a Oxtapno Hewodaynanena, Ynpa>kHéHne N27. YPOK N‘t, ANOABMT. Bputakcxan Konym6uA Hogan Ulotnawana crpos Npnvic-Sayapa Ceésepo-3anaanbie ‘TeppuTopHn Read through the list and circle the thirteen original states of the U.S. Kentykkn Hesdga Munneccra Bupaxxnnnn NencunbedHnn KanngopHna Heto-| Téunwap Hbto-Mekcnko Muccuccunn KoHHEKTHKYT BawnurtoH GésepHaa Kaponwiia tOoxHan Kaponiitia , SanagHan BupapxvHna Bepmout , Hbio-, -Dpképen Operdu a Tapa, Mynanana Apkansde Muccypu Mapunena, He6packa Montara Hoto-opx Wnandtia Apusgua Pog-AineHa Maccauycetc Texdc Oknaxéwa Ajtadxo Ora Aioea 44 Axopaxna Aenassp Vnnundiic Balidmmyr Ana6ama, TeHHeccn BrckdHcwH Konopago ®nopviaa Muynrai Anricxa tOxnan axcra Césepran Aaxéta Oraiio M3H | KansacYPOK NH, AN@ABUT YnpaokheHne NeB. Read through this list of American cities and alphabetize them in the spaces provided. Nloc-Avapkenec Bantumop Cust Atnanta Memouc Kavenena Unkaro Onnagenvoua Detporr Bydqano Nurrc6ypr annac XuiocToH Maiteanonic Hsto-Mopk Maidan Nlac-Berac Cat-@panuicko Becton UMHunHtiatT 45YPOK Net, AN@ABUT YnpaskHenne Neg. A. Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time. Find that word and give its number. 1. APTHCT 6. WMEANUICT 2. ALMUPAN 7. AHANIS 3. KOHLIEPT 8. COHATA 4. CUCTEMA 9. KOHCTUTYLIMA 5. KOHTPAKT 40. KOHTAKT B. On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your instructor will dictate from the list above. akon © Pre 46Ynpa>kHéHue Ne10. YPOK NH, AN@ABUT A. Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time. Find that word and give its number. 1. ANITEBPA 2. TOHAGNA 3. BETO 4. APTYMEHT 5. PA 6. AKUEHT 7. TEHEPAN 8. AENG 9. ATEHT 10. APKA B. On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your instructor will dictate from the list above. yrPoON > SP Pn 10. 47YnparkHenne N11. YPOK N41. ANDABUT A. Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time. Find that word and give its number. 1. ONMWWA 2. VHCTAHUMA 3. 1OCTMLA 4, OASA 5. BANNACT 6. NosMuMA 7. AMCTAHLIMA 8. KOHCTPYKUIMA 9. OPASA 10. AKT B. On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your instructor will dictate from the list above. ah en © PN 48YnpaxkheHne NF12. YPC M1} A. Below are 2 columns of words. Your instructor will read aloud one word at a time. Find that word and give its number. 1. CEHATOP 2. AEP 3. KAHAN 4. UEMEHT 5, WHUMAEHT 6. KEHTABP 7. NAVHEP 8. KANIMTAN 9. CEMMHAP 40. AHCTPYMEHT B. On the numbered lines below, write down, in the order they are read, the words your instructor will dictate from the list above. aso n > SP erne 10. 49Ynpaoknenne N#13. Match the “isms” in the first column to the “ists” A. KOMMyHV3M kanTaniam ontuMvism anTaroHism neccumviam Matepvaniam atenam typiom counanism wxavenayanism vaeanvam Teppopvim Mapkeiam pactam ky6nam oytypiam 2rovam : wmnpeccHoHnam DAB in the second column. kanmraniict Matepuaniict Neccumct anTaronct aretct KOMMYHIICT typiict counanct ontumitct Teppopitct Mapkenct ¢ytyprict wHaMenayanvict paciict vunpeccnoHiict ky6vicT waeanvict 3roncT 50KN, IT YnpaokHéHne N14, Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them according to their country. BawwurToH Wlekenp Toneron Tywienn TavikonbH Teen Aapenn Nactep HbWoToH Banbsak Uepynnne Kiopw ‘ ‘ oe 7 Mexaenees Saucon Aoctoesckun Toro AMEPUKA AHIMA PoccnA @PAHLUMA SIYnpaoknéHne NF15. Read through the following list of people. In the space provided below sort them according to their professions. UaiiKoscKnit Twunat SimwréiH @6nkHep Berxdsex Pagasnb Tépuenn Mapkéun Yéxos Baiipox Tannuneat Wonéx KonépHnk Captp Ban-Tor Py6eHc —<—<—$ XY MO2KHUKUN ] NMCATENUM YUEHBIE ] KOMNOSMTOPbIYPOK NH, AN@ABUT Ynpa>knéune N216. Alphabetize the professions and occupations given below. APTUCT AOKTOP MH>KEHEP AMPEKTOP BANEPVHA >KYPHANMCT AMHrBVCT KOPPECMIOHAEHT MEXAHIK KNOYH ATPOHOM KACCIIP APXUTEKTOP WowEP @OTOrPA® mPO@ECCOP ADBOKAT CTYAEHT ATIET MY3BIKAHT aAMnnoMAT 53YnpaokweHHe N°17. YPOK NH, ANOABUT Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to the categories indicated. ‘ ‘ nocon XOKKEMCT CTYAEHT TEPANEBT AMMINOMAT MY3bIKAHT ATTAUIE BANEPVHA KAPAMONOr AKTEP KOHcyn ATHET @YTBONUCT AKTPHICA AEKAH cnopTcMEH PEKTOP nPO@ECCOP nEAMATP MMHVCTP AOKTOP : nPESMAEHT AENYTAT BALE-TIPESMAEHT KPEMMb CTAAMOH TEATP YHVBEPCUTET BONIbHULIA NOCGNbCTBO 34PC AL Ynpaknenne N°18. Read through the following list. In the space provided below sort the words according to the categories indicated. PECTOPAH BOK3AN MHCTHTYT AMBYMATOPMA —- BY@ET YHMBEPCHTET BYMIbBAP nlopT MABOPATOPHA nAPK KA@E NONMKAVHVKA KYPCbI CKBEP TrOCnMTANb CTAHLIMA KA@ETEPHA UIKONA NPOCNEKT TEATP ASPONOPT KUHOTEATP My3En @MNAPMOHA EATING OUT ENTERTAINMENT MEDICINE TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION | PLACES IN THE CITY 55KN, ANOABH LEARNING RUSSIAN SCRIPT So far, you have been dealing with Russian in its printed form. However, once in Russia you will frequently encounter letters, documents and materials which are in script or written out in longhand. You will also quickly discover that Russians, unlike Americans, will rarely print when writing by hand. Practice writing Russian script. Aa Aa 56 BS Bs Bé Pr Te An Dy Ee Ge Eé €6¢ Kx HC oe 7 Un U «Kk fa Mm Hu Oo Nn Pp Cc TT yy Oo Xx uu 44 YPOK NY, AN®ABUTWw UU) wy bl 39 O10 Ala 58 YPOK N41, ANIDABUTYPOK NH. ANOABYT The following table shows the Russian alphabet with approximate phonetic equivalents. Keep it handy as a reference. Aa _aasin father Pp _ trilled, flapped r 56 bas in boat Cc sasinsew BB sevasin vote TT tasintop Cr gas in goat yy 00 as in food MA dasindog D®@ _tasin foot Ee yeas in yet XX jas in junta Eé yo as in yo-yo Liu, tsasiniets KOK sas in measure 44s chasin chair 33 Zas in zoo Uw shas in show Vu ee as in meet UU, sti as in question Wi ss yasinboy b hard sign Kk __ kasinkite bi short i as in milk Jin tasintoan b soft sign Mm mas in mop 33° easiniet HH nasinno Oto asyou Oo © as in know Aa yaas in yard fin pas in rope 59Mockra NPECE-HOHOEPEHMA || FOMOP | KRSYADTYPA | HOTHKTHEA | THERA ah Sores FEAIDABUT. VHDOPMALINIA It | || Tivaia KOMMEHTAPHM, = War «ATNA@HTHC» POCCHACKAS AKAREMHS HAYK @ WHCTHTYT CWA H KAHAAbI NONUTUKA UDEONOTUA EKEMECAYHbIN KYPHAN 61SOHO am KVISHD 3X0 — NETEPBYPTYPOK Nt, ANDABUT Yuntpcoa 6u3Hec kkk etiininio toto B UuKaro 3YPOK N41, A@ABUT Av KIM OH CER Oro XX ee. "pooeaee Nonewosa, Danvxa, Tatauna, Kycroanesa wap. . ; Uertpansueia fom Mocxee fy 1 mmr sSputar as 1, 13 220-cepuiinoro TENesHSHONHOTO | JbiCTaBKa Cee 12 | TOMMBY ACKAA MOSAUKA POCCHA soon gstonon ryan B 2000-m __— “3KCnPECC CEPBHC’ MPOTHO3 TAPPM KACTIAPOBA | TEME®OH / @AKC (812) 110-4972, yegtor 110-4973, 64yi Bele NR Me UT “warm” “BeTepaHbi” “«CAHTA-GAPEAPAn M3. CAH-®PAHLIMCKO ROU bulls «PAH-NIPU SPASM «CIIACEHHE 911» «TONA3» iui <~ TIPEACTABJIAET 65LESSON N:2 GEOGRAPHY YPOK Ne2 reorPaoHaDo6pé noxdnopath B Poccuio! Welcome to Russia! Poccua Russia covers more than 6.5 million square miles or, roughly speaking, an area more than TWICE the size of the United States. The Ural Mountains divide the country into a European (western) half and an Asian {eastern) half. To the west, Russia shares borders with Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia and Estonia. Southern Russia extends to the Caucasus Mountains, which form the frontier with Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the east, that portion of Russia known as CnOupb Siberia stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China in the south. The southern portion of Russia is composed primarily of flat, treeless Plains known as cTenb steppe. Siberia itself is comprised of a northern belt of permanently frozen, treeless plains tyHapa and, more southerly, vast evergreen forests Taira. The tundra region has one of the harshest climates known to mankind, with extremely long, cold winters and brief, often sweltering summers, CaHKT Netep6ypr St. Petersburg , founded by Nétp Benuxun Peter the Great on the Gulf of Finland as a “window to the West”, has been nicknamed the “brain” of Russia. This is mostly due to its “European” look, thanks to a regular, grid-like pattern of city planning. Mocks Moscow, on the other hand, is often referred to as the “soul”, thanks to its more chaotic growth over the years and a more “Russian” look.YPOK N'2, TEQTPA@UA The climate of Moscow is more continental than that of St. Petersburg, with summer temperatures averaging in the high 70s. Summers in both cities can be humid (though the level of humidity there can hardly compare with that of a typical DC summer!), with frequent thunderstorms that seem to come up without much warning. Winter can begin as early as October, with the first significant snowfalls in early November. Winter temperatures in Moscow, as in St. Petersburg, average in the mid-teens. Thanks to the effects of the Neva River and the Gulf of Finland, winters in St. Petersburg tend to feel more damp than those in Moscow. In general, the weather in these cities is similar to that in the northeastern U.S.Ynpa>knenve NeI. Russia shares common borders with 14 different countries. They are listed here for you to read in Russian. After reading this list, see if you can find them on a map. Which of these are former republics of the Soviet Union? Hopserna Tonbwa Kasaxcta @uunsnanA Benopyccua Kura SctoHHA Yepava Moxronua Slaten Tpysna Ceésepran Kopen Sutea’ AsepSaiaxah Russia also borders on several large bodies of water. They are listed below: Bantulicxoe mope Césepunii Sleqosviteit okea OvincKwi sanvia Trixnit oxea UépHoe mope Anouckoe mope Aszogckoe mépe Oxotckoe mope Kacnmiickoe mope Bépnuroso mopeYPOK M2, TEOTPAOUA, Ynpaoknénne Nt2, Using the compass points below, tell your instructor where the 14 nations and the bodies of water are located: in the north: wa césepe in the south: Ha tore in the west: Ha sanage in the east: Ha BocToKe césep sanag torYPOK N'2, FEOTPAOUA Russia is divided into a number of distinct areas, based on the geographic features of each region. Some of the most common of these are: Llentpanereit paicn Central (region) Russia Ypan Ural Mountains Nosdnxbe Volga River Valley Cu6vipe Siberia Janeni Boctox Far East The following cities are located in these geographic areas: 1. Mocked 6 LlettpantHom paidHe. Moscowis in Central Russia. 2. Exatepnu6ypr Ha Ypane. Yekaterinburg is in the Urals. 3. Bonrorpaa B Mosdénxee. Volgograd is in the Volga River Valley. 4, Hopocn6vipex 8 Cu6upH. Novosibirsk is in Siberia. 5. BnaamsocTox Ha AansHem Vladivostok is in the Far East. Boctoke. See if you can locate these cities on the map shown here.TE 3 =e = Tpoeuderia = ‘es M8 9 Unbpann wa Kapre oSosnavensit Ape HOPBEPHA 6 TOMBUIA 11 TYPKMEHMCTAH GHANAHIMA =—7 ©MOSIOBA 12 Y3BEKHCTAB 3CTOHAR = &FRYSHA 13 TAMHHKHCTAH SATB = 9 APMEHA 14 YOPTHSCTAH IMTBA 10 ASEPBAAMXAH 15 CEBEPHAR KOPEAYPOK N'2, TEOTPA®UA After August 1991, the names of many Russian cities were changed: Cankt-Netep6ypr Hiaxnnit Hésropog, Exatepun6ypr Céprves Mocaa Jlenwurpag, ToppKni Csepancsck Kanwnne Sarop ‘The same is true of numerous locations and landmarks in Moscow and other Russian cities: Present | Tearpantnan ondwaab Tly6AucKaA nndwaae Former ynuua FopeKoro —— ynuya YalikoecKoro mndwaab Caepandsa nAduaas Asep»xKKHcKoro nndwagt 50-net4A Oxted)YPOK N2, TEOTPA@UA But “Red Square” is still Red Square! Kpactan nnowaap has been called Kpdcuan (red) since the second half of the 17th century. The square was constructed towards the end of the 15th century (around the time of Columbus’ discovery of America) when Tsar Ivan the Great Mean Benvixnit was building the magnificent cathedrals of the Kremlin Kpemnt, that walled fortress which was the heart of the city's defenses. Every major city in Russia would have had a kremlin, but the Moscow one is by far the most famous. The square was first called Topr (Trading Place) and was the site for some very lively commerce. Later, in the 16th century, it became known as Tpowukaa (Trinity Square) in honor of the Trinity Cathedral which stood at the southern end of the square. In 1571 the square was renamed No>kap (The Fire) after the great fire of that year. Finally, the square was named Kpacuan when it was cleared of all the trading stalls at the end of the 17th century. At that time the word Kpacueiit (red) meant Kpacnenii (beautiful), and had nothing to do with the red brick of the Kremlin wall which runs along one of itsYPOK Nt2. TEOTPAOUA Ynpaoknénne Ne3. Listen to the sentences your instructor will read aloud and write down in English any place names you recognize. oe a ee Ynpakuéune N'4, Listen to the statements your instructor will read aloud and indicate whether they are true (T) or false (F).YPOK 2, TEOTPADUA YnpaakHeHne Ne5. Practice writing place names in Russian as your instructor reads them aloud. He/she will read each one twice and then will write them on the board so that you can check your work.YPOK N2, TEOTPA@UA YnpaokHénne N°6. Answer the following questions according to the model. [ instructor: Mocks - croniya Poocun | Student: fa, Mocksd - ctoniua Pocomn. | 1. Ocno - ctoniua Hopsernn? 2. XénbcmnKn - croniua Ounnrnann? 3. Mapox - croniua OpaHunn? 4. Born - cronmua Tepmannn? 5, Bapwiasa - cTontiua Mons? 6. Orrdsa - cronvina Kanaan? 7. Balwmurtou - cronviua AmépuKn? 8. NdugoH - cToniiua AnrnMH? 9. Maapua - cTonmua Vcnann? 10. Pam - cronnuya Mann?YPOK N'2, TEOTPAOUA Ynpaokuénne N7. Answer the questions truthfully, according to the models: Student: la, Napyx - cronmya Mpanynn. Instructor: AHKapa - cTonviua Mann? Student: Her, Hésui Denn - ctonviua Maun. . ToKno - cTonuya Kuntar? (Mek) . Masiina - cTonviya Oununn? Magpac - ctoniua Vnawn? (Hospi Alenn) ‘Ankapa - ctontua Upaxa? (Terepax) Sloua0n - Tonya Aurnan? . Crokronem - cTonmuya Ween? Agvet - ctonviua fpéunn? . Kan6éppa - cTonuua Ascrpnn? (Betta) . Kap - ctonviua Erainta? 10. Agayic-A6é6a - ctonviya Sudnun? 11, Tenb-Apne - cToniya Uapanna? ©CMONOAMRHWNH = 12. Pum - crondua Urannn? 18, Magpwa - cToniya Moptyranun? (Mmcca6on) 14, Tapana - cTonviua Ky6u?YnpaokHéHne NB. Kakdéii? is the question word which asks: “Which?”. Listen carefully as your instructor asks: Kaxdni ropoa cToniua Avena ? Which city is the capital of England? You'll answer: Tlongon. Continue, using the cities and countries given in Exercise 7. See how many you might be able to add on your own. 410? Yro 3T0? YnpaxkHeHne Neg, ro 3t0? asks “What is this? What is that?” When answering, you'll begin your answer with Sto... This is/That is... Now your instructor will point to various cities on the map and will ask: ro 310? What is this? (pointing to Moscow) You'll answer by naming the city, using this model: 3r0 Mocked. That is Moscow.Ynpaxnenne NF10. Answer the following questions substituting the appropriate pronoun for the Tae NoHa0H? Tae Map? Tae Canxt-Metep6ypr? Tae Bepnit? Tae Maapia? Tae Pum? Tae BawnnrtoH? Tae répog ToKno? Tae répoa Ocno? Tae Poccia? Tae Kanaaa? Tae AnoHnA? Tae Sononna? Tae Mpara? Tae Twpana? Tae Mocked? Fae Copia? Tne Bapwasa? Tae Bena? Tae Bpatucnasa? Tae Anta? Tne Fadra? Tne Kacnniicxoe mdpe? Tae Y&proe mope? Tne daepo Batixan? Tae Bantiiickoe mdpe?YPOK N2, TEOFPADUA, Ynparchenne N'11. Take a look at the following advertisements. Pick out all words which are familiar to you. Any guesses as to what the ads are all about? Ask your instructor if you need help. BAAKAH Xp P22 CAMONETBI, Aga nresocxoactso KOTOPLIMH XOYETCA — awexoe 8 OBCAYXMBAHI, IETATS! Bapeerona OCHOBAHHOE HA TPARMUMH Bans (PEIJIATAET IPOTPAMMY OCEHHE-SHMHETO CE3OHA. Bepaun Bpamucaaea Bprocceas OPHBDIE ALIX Byxapecm - 7 Bydanewm ‘Axnoppa 8 aneli/7 wove — oT $580 + 8/5 Koup Bonrapun 15 qneli/14 novell — oF $430 + 2/65 Kacaé.sanxa Wrens 8 anoii/7 novel — of $375 + 8/6 Koaouéo Crosannn 8 pHeR/7 Hotel — OT $395, ein. 2/6 Konenazen panes 7 meli/6 novel — or $695 + 2/5, BAME KEJAHHE Aanacx Pocosin (owSait)12nHe/11 novel o7 $220 + 2/6 MOCETHTb NOBYIOTOUKY = Ayoait ‘3EMHO! TO HLAPA. ~% . Ton Bzuaca. grennPypm CHERMAALDHBIE oc ‘ECM Bbl AOBEPHTECS ABHKOMMAHHH Xeavcunn TYPbI . Cmandya BAMIHAH! — Snax — “Tapwaca uae ecranans 6 Fonnervey, LAAKAH! ——uccabon Fears kucropoane, Pawo iar open “Tondon aot KAM. Mao} (pow ann nnioxoro avi, apve + Acnefineia Asay sot» Mossy we canton: Mae Prne—Tlnsa~Car-Mapmo, aprox + Bepcans. Spm ee cman Gaye BE" Mansa Types ef pene. Ora a KEE 1s vy spent Spor ae fae me serie Manaan Typatao pana Sanorore Some NAN! oyrewecrawe Mionren HOBASIIPOFPAMMA B TYHUCE ! a opr nas oveirog Onze ! AGCYCOS Gym conpovexaars rman HaiipoGwt oe soupo seme nacre Mapucse o-AKep60 orem ies — $665 re RCRA Upaza Baneh/7 Hover, = ores kkk — $730 toms OO 5 on azar Paw ¥% Cepumnas 3 Te ESO. Cmox20204 Bapwasa 16