The attraction within molecules(chemical bonds) determines the chemical properti

es; the attraction between the molecules(phisical bond) determines the physical
properties. The intermolecular bonds that exist between neutral molecules are kn
own as Van der Waals bonds. The Van der Waals interaction contains contributions
from three effects: permanent dipole-dipole interaction; dipole-induced dipole
interaction and dispersion forces.
Dipole-dipole forces(orientation forces)
Polar covalent molecules have ends that are oppositely charged. In a collection
of these molecules, the individiual dipoles tend to orient themselves so that th
e partial positive charge on one is near the partial negative charged on the oth
er. Because the molecules are constantly moving and colliding with each other, t
his alignment is far from prefect, particulary in liquids and gases. Nevertheles
s, the attraction between the oppositely charged ends of the dipoles outweighs t
he repulsion between like-charged ends and a net overall attraction exists betwe
en them.( For=-2u12u22/3KTd7 )
Dipole-dipole induced forces (induction forces)
A molecule with a permanet dipole will iduce a dipole in another molecule and an
attraction will result between the two : Find=-alfa1 u22+alfa2u12/d7.
The contribution of this effect to the total bonding is very small.
Dispersion forces
In the non-polar molecules the momentary distorsion of the electron orbitals ca
n produce the instantaneous fluctuating dipoles.
The temporary dipole in one molecule can attract the electron cloud of the neigh
bouring molecule. This means that both molecules will have dipoles and the direc
tion of the dipoles will be such that they attract one another.Polarisability in
creases with the number of electrons in the molecule and the strength of the dis
persion forces therefore increases with the molar mass.