[SULIT 942/2 UJIAN SETARA]

ARAHAN:
UJIAN SETARA 1 STPM Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian:
Anda WAJIB menjawab SOALAN 1 dan 4 dan PILIH SATU a
TAHUN
Jawapan soalan 1 dan 4 hendaklah DITULIS DALAM RUANG YANG2016
DISEDIAKAN dalam kertas soalan. Manakala jawapan soal
4. Susun kertas jawapan anda mengikut urutan

GEOGRAFI DISEDIAKAN OLEH

KERTAS 942/1
........................................
FLORENTIUS ALEX
DUA JAM GURU MATA PELAJARAN GEOGRAFI
SMK KEMABONG

NAMA CALON: ..............

KELAS : ...........

Bahagian A: Alam Sekitar Fizikal

[40 markah]

Arahan: Anda wajib menjawab semua soalan dalam Soalan 1 ini.

1. (a)
Berikan konsep Iklim. [3]
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(b)
Huraikan dua unsur iklim dan cuaca. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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..
(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(c) Jelaskan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi proses sejatan? [4]

(i)

.......................................................................................................
............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)

....................................................................................
...............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(d) Berikan dua perbezaan antara Hujan Perolakan dengan Hujan Orografik. [4]

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..........................................................................................................................
...................

..........................................................................................................................
...................

.
........................................................................................................................
..........................

Arahan: Jawab sama ada Soalan 2 atau Soalan 3.

2. (a)
Berdasarkan sebuah negara yang anda telah kaji, jelaskan bagaimana
Fenomena El Nino
menganggu kegiatan ekonomi manusia.
[13]

(b)
Terangkan kesan negatif Fenomena La Nina kepada Alam Sekitar Fizikal dan
Manusia.[12]

3. (a)
Sejauhmanakah kejahilan manusia menjadi punca berlakunya peningkatan
suhu di

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Malaysia hari ini?

[13]
(b)
Huraikan sebab yang mempengaruhi ketidak-seimbangan taburan haba
secara mendatar?
[12]

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Bahagian B: Alam Sekitar Manusia

[40 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

4. (a)
Nyatakan tiga aktiviti pertanian di Malaysia. [3]
(i)

..
(ii)

.
(iii)

(b)

Huraikan dua kepentingan bioteknologi dalam pertanian di Malaysia. [4]

(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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(c) Jelaskan dua cabaran yang dihadapi oleh petani untuk beralih dari
pertanian sara diri kepada pertanian berasaskan eksport. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(d) Huraikan dua langkah pengurusan yang boleh diambil untuk mengatasi
impak alam sekitar fizikal yang disebabkan oleh kepesatan sektor pertanian
di Malaysia. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

Jawab sama ada soalan 5 atau soalan 6

5. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah Negara di Asia Tenggara yang anda kaji,
terangkan
kenapa perikanan laut dalam di negara berkenaan sukar untuk
dikembangkan? [13]
(b)
Terangkan kenapa perikanan akuakultur perlu dikembangkan di Malaysia. [12]

6. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada satu jenis mineral / galian yang anda kaji dilombong
di Malaysia,
terangkan kesan negatif aktiviti tersebut kepada alam sekitar fizikal dan
manusia? [13]
(b)
Terangkan langkah-langkah perundangan dan bukan perundangan yang boleh
diambil
untuk mengatasi kesan negatif aktiviti pelombongan galian / mineral yang
anda pilih
dalam soalan 6. (a) di atas. [12]

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Bahagian A: Alam Sekitar Fizikal

[40 markah]

Arahan: Anda wajib menjawab semua soalan dalam Soalan 1 ini.

1. (a)
Berikan konsep Iklim. [3]
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(b)
Huraikan dua unsur iklim dan cuaca. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

..
(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(c) Jelaskan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi proses sejatan? [4]

(i)

.......................................................................................................
............

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........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)

....................................................................................
...............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(d) Berikan dua perbezaan antara Hujan Perolakan dengan Hujan Orografik. [4]

..........................................................................................................................
...................

..........................................................................................................................
...................

.
........................................................................................................................
..........................

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Arahan: Jawab sama ada Soalan 2 atau Soalan 3.

2. (a)
Berdasarkan sebuah negara yang anda telah kaji, jelaskan bagaimana
Fenomena El Nino
menganggu kegiatan ekonomi manusia.
[13]

(b)
Terangkan kesan negatif Fenomena La Nina kepada Alam Sekitar Fizikal dan
Manusia.[12]

3. (a)
Sejauhmanakah kejahilan manusia menjadi punca berlakunya peningkatan
suhu di
Malaysia hari ini?
[13]
(b)
Huraikan sebab yang mempengaruhi ketidak-seimbangan taburan haba
secara mendatar?
[12]

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Bahagian B: Alam Sekitar Manusia

[40 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

4. (a)
Nyatakan tiga aktiviti pertanian di Malaysia. [3]
(i)

..
(ii)

.
(iii)

(b)

Huraikan dua kepentingan bioteknologi dalam pertanian di Malaysia. [4]

(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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(c) Jelaskan dua cabaran yang dihadapi oleh petani untuk beralih dari
pertanian sara diri kepada pertanian berasaskan eksport. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

(d) Huraikan dua langkah pengurusan yang boleh diambil untuk mengatasi
impak alam sekitar fizikal yang disebabkan oleh kepesatan sektor pertanian
di Malaysia. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

Jawab sama ada soalan 5 atau soalan 6

5. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah Negara di Asia Tenggara yang anda kaji,
terangkan
kenapa perikanan laut dalam di negara berkenaan sukar untuk
dikembangkan? [13]
(b)
Terangkan kenapa perikanan akuakultur perlu dikembangkan di Malaysia. [12]

6. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada satu jenis mineral / galian yang anda kaji dilombong
di Malaysia,
terangkan kesan negatif aktiviti tersebut kepada alam sekitar fizikal dan
manusia? [13]
(b)
Terangkan langkah-langkah perundangan dan bukan perundangan yang boleh
diambil
untuk mengatasi kesan negatif aktiviti pelombongan galian / mineral yang
anda pilih
dalam soalan 6. (a) di atas. [12]

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SKEMA
Bahagian A: Alam Sekitar Fizikal
[40 markah]

Arahan: Anda wajib menjawab semua soalan dalam Soalan 1 ini.

1. (a)
Berikan konsep Iklim. [3]
Iklim (1) merujuk kepada unsur-unsur cuaca bagi (1) tempoh yang lama dan
(1) ruang luas (1)
bergantung kepada kedudukan pada garisan lintang bumi (latitud).

(b)
Huraikan dua unsur iklim dan cuaca. [4]
1B1 suhu
1B2 kerpasan
1B3 kelembapan udara
1B4 tekanan udara
1B5 angin
1B6 awan
1B7 sinaran matahari

(Mana-mana 2 unsur di atas yang dihurai dengan logik)

(c) Jelaskan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi proses sejatan? [4]

1C1 keluasan permukaan
1C2 suhu
1C3 kelajuan angin
1C4 kelembapan udara

(d) Berikan dua perbezaan antara Hujan Perolakan dengan Hujan Orografik. [4]
1D1 suhu
1D2 tempoh / masa
1D3 tiupan angin
1D4 sumber air

(Mana-mana 2 fakta di atas yang dibeakan antara HP dengan HO dengan

logik)

Arahan: Jawab sama ada Soalan 2 atau Soalan 3.

2. (a)
Berdasarkan sebuah negara yang anda telah kaji, jelaskan bagaimana
Fenomena El Nino

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menganggu kegiatan ekonomi manusia.

[13]

Negara Malaysia / mana-mana satu negara lain (1)

2a 1 kekurangan sumber air sebagai resepi dalam industri
2a 2 kekurangan sumber air sebagai bahan pencuci dalam
pemprosesan industri
2a 3 menjejaskan produktiviti tanaman / memusnahkan kawasan
pertanian
2a 4 menjejaskan keberkesanan / kelancaran penngangkutan air
2a 5 menyebabkan kebuluran ternakan
2a 6 menjejaskan perkhidmatan utiliti swasta (bekalan air terawat)
2a 7 menyebabkan kebakaran hujan yang mengancam pembalakan
2a 8 menjejaskan keberkesanan aktiviti perlombongan berasaskan air

(Satu fakta dihurai logik 2 markah. Jika dihurai di luar alam sekitar
manusia, maka tiada markah untuk fakta berkenaan. Mana-mana
fakta tidak boleh menyentuh kejadian yang berlaku di negara lain
selain yang dikaji).

(b)
Terangkan kesan negatif Fenomena La Nina kepada Alam Sekitar Fizikal dan
Manusia.[12]

Alam sekitar Fiikal

2b 1 hakisan / pemendapan disepanjang alur sungai
2b 2 tanah runtuh di cerun bukit
2b 3 pencemaran air akibat hakisan tanih

Alam sekitar manusia

2b 4 kehilangan / kerosakan harta benda

2b 5 kehilangan nyawa / kecederaan
2b 6 kehilangan / gangguan punca pencarian
26 7 kemusnahan infrastruktur / prasarana

(Satu fakta dihurai logik 2 markah. Mana-mana fakta yang logik dan
tidak keluar kehendak soalan)

3. (a)
Sejauhmanakah kejahilan manusia menjadi punca berlakunya peningkatan
suhu di
Malaysia hari ini?
[13]

Berkaitan kejahilan manusia di Malaysia

3a 1 Penggunaan produk berasaskan CFC

3a 2 Pembakaran terbuka
3a 3 Penggunaan bahan api fosil kenderaan

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3a 4 Pemusnahan hutan
3a 5 Pembinaan bangunan / lanskap tidak mesra haba di bandar

Namun selain itu, terdapat juga faktor lain (1)

Berkaitan semula jadi atau kejahilan Manusia dari luar Malaysia

3a 6 Kedudukan latitud 0-15o U

3a 7 Pengaruh arus panas lautan
3a 8 Kesan fenomena El Nino
3a 9 Sumbangan pencemaran udara dari luar Malaysia
3a 10 Pemusnahan hutan di luar Malaysia

(Satu fakta dihurai logik 2 markah. Mesti menggunakan perkataan,

walau bagaimanapun selepas fakta berkaitan kelalaian manusia.
Mesti ada fakta menjelaskan bahawa punca ada selain kelalaian
manusia di Malaysia. Boleh terima mana-mana fakta logik)

(b)
Huraikan sebab yang mempengaruhi ketidak-seimbangan taburan haba
secara mendatar?
[12]

3b 1 Perbezaan garisan latitud

3b 2 Pengaruh kecondongan bumi di atas paksinya
3b 3 Pengaruh kebenuaan / kelautan
3b 4 Pengaruh badan air
3b 5 Pengaruh litupan awan
3b 6 Pengaruh albedo / ciri-ciri permukaan
3b 7 Pengaruh aspek gurun
3b 8 Pengaruh ketinggian / altitud
3b 9 Pengaruh bahan pencemar

(Satu fakta dihurai logik 2 markah)

Bahagian B: Alam Sekitar Manusia

[40 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

4. (a)
Nyatakan tiga aktiviti pertanian di Malaysia. [3]
4a 1 Menebas
4a 2 Meracun
4a 3 Membaja
4a 4 Menanam
4a 5 Menjemur
4a 6 Menuai
4a 7 membajak

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(Satu fakta 1 markah. Mana-mana 3 fakta di atas. Perkataan sama erti tidak
diterima contoh: Menebas ampalilik (murut))

(b)

Huraikan dua kepentingan bioteknologi dalam pertanian di Malaysia. [4]

4b 1 Pengklonan
4b 2 kacukan / hibrid

(c) Jelaskan dua cabaran yang dihadapi oleh petani untuk beralih dari
pertanian sara diri kepada pertanian berasaskan eksport. [4]
4c 1 Kewangan
4c 2 Pengetahuan teknologi
4c 3 Kemahiran
4c 4 kurang motivasi
4c 5 Kurang modal keluasan tanah
4c 6 Kurang bimbingan

(Terima mana-mana dua fakta di atas dan dihurai dengan logik. 1 fakta +
huraian 2 markah)

(d) Huraikan dua langkah pengurusan yang boleh diambil untuk mengatasi
impak alam sekitar fizikal yang disebabkan oleh kepesatan sektor pertanian
di Malaysia. [4]
4d 1 Impak banjir baiki sistem perparitan
4d 2 Tanah runtuh teres / kontur / tanaman tutup bumi
4d 3 Pencemaran udara tebang dan reput
4d 4 Pencemaran air elak guna 25m dari sungai / juga kawalan biologi
(racun)

(Terima mana-mana dua fakta di atas dan perlu dihurai dengan logik. Satu
fakta + huraian = 2 markah)

Jawab sama ada soalan 5 atau soalan 6

5. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah Negara di Asia Tenggara yang anda kaji,
terangkan
kenapa perikanan laut dalam di negara berkenaan sukar untuk
dikembangkan? [13]
Negara Malaysia / mana-mana satu negara lain (1)
5a 1 Kekangan modal kapal / peralatan moden
5a 2 Kekurangan pengetahuan / penggunaan teknologi
5a 3 Dibatasi / dikelilingi sempadan negara jiran sebelum ke perairan
antarabangsa
5a 4 Masalah pertindihan tuntutan wilayah

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5a 5 Isu keselamatan Lanun

5a 6 Kekurangan buruh pakar / berkemahiran
5a 7 Musim tengkujuh / siklon

(Terima mana-mana 6 fakta di atas dan perlu dihurai dengan logik. 1

fakta + huraian 2 markah)

(b)
Terangkan kenapa perikanan akuakultur perlu dikembangkan di Malaysia. [12]
5b 1 Permintaan pasaran yang tinggi
5b 2 Tidak semestinya mempunyai modal besar
5b 3 Banyak lokasi sesuai (paya / sungai / sawah / pinggir laut)
5b 4 Sumber protein murah / halal
5b 5 Dasar kerajaan (bantuan Agensi JPM / Bank pinjaman)
5b 6 Pelaksanaan multikulturar (Tanam padi, pelihara ikan) / sampingan

6. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada satu jenis mineral / galian yang anda kaji dilombong
di Malaysia,
terangkan kesan negatif aktiviti tersebut kepada alam sekitar fizikal dan
manusia? [13]
Petroleum / mana-mana satu galian lain (1)

Alam sekitar fizikal

6a 1 Pencemaran udara
6a 2 Pencemaran air
6a 3 Pencemaran tanih
6a 4 Peningkatan suhu
6a 5 Kemusnahan ekosistem
6a 6 Perubahan landskap

Alam sekitar manusia

6a 7 Penyakit sistem pernafasan / mata

6a 8 Kehilangan mata pencarian tradisi
6a 9 Masalah budaya asing / gejala sosial

(Mesti menjawab 6 fakta dan dihurai logik. Jawapan mesti mengandungi

kesan terhadap A/s fizikal dan A/s manusia. Jawapan tidak boleh
selain / bertentangan dengan jenis mineral yang dikaji di atas)

(b)
Terangkan langkah-langkah perundangan dan bukan perundangan yang boleh
diambil
untuk mengatasi kesan negatif aktiviti pelombongan galian / mineral yang
anda pilih
dalam soalan 6. (a) di atas. [12]

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Langkah Perundangan

6b 1 Pengubalan akta / peraturan. Contoh tegahan / hukuman dan

dendaan + siapa yanng kuatkuasa

Langkah bukan perundangan

6b 2 Memastikan sisa buangan diproses / ditapis sebelum dibebaskan

ke sungai / udara
6b 3 Menyiram air laluan yang berdebu / Naik taraf jaringan
pengangkutan mineral
6b 4 Safety first - Memastikan kemalangan / tumpahan / kebocoran
diminimumkan
6b 5 Membina bekas kedap / tempat pelupusan yang selamat
6b 6 Ambil kira letakan tapak kilang dengan petempatan
6b 6 Kempen kesedaran umum bersepadu media massa oleh NGO dan
GO
6b 7 Pendidikan Alam Sekitar peringkat sekolah secara merentas
kurikulum

(Mesti menjawab 6 fakta dan dihurai logik. Jawapan mesti mengandungi

kombinasi langkah berasaskan perundangan dan langkah bukan
berasaskan perundangan. Jawapan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan
jenis mineral yang dikaji di 6(a))

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Bahagian A: Alam Sekitar Fizikal

[40 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

1. (a)
Berikan takrifan imbangan haba. [3]
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(b)
Huraikan dua ciri-ciri unsur iklim dan cuaca. [4]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(ii)
............................................................................................................................
.............
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(c) Jelaskan bagaimana faktor berikut mempengaruhi proses sejatan? [4]
(i) Kemasinan
air: .................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................
(ii) Kelembapan
bandingan: .................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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........................................................................................................................
.........................
(d) Nyatakan dua jenis serakan yang dikaitkan dengan saiz partikel dan jarak
gelombang [2]
(i)
............................................................................................................................
...............
(ii)
............................................................................................................................
...............
(e) Jelaskan secara ringkas kaitan antara gas rumah hijau dengan
bahangan terestrial. [2]

........................................................................................................................
.........................
........................................................................................................................
.........................

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Jawab sama ada soalan 2 atau soalan 3

2. (a)
Pembentukan kerpasan dikatakan ada kaitan dengan pertumbuhan
hablur ais tetapi
tidak titisan air. Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, bincangkan
pembentukan kerpasan
menurut satu teori yang dikaitkan dengan pernyataan ini. [13]

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(b) Terangkan kenapa kerpasan yang sangat lebat lebih cenderung turun di
Timur
Semenanjung Malaysia pada bulan November hingga Januari. [12]
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3. (a)
Terangkan bagaimana pemindahan tenaga haba secara mendatar berlaku?
[13]
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(b) Jelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan taburan suhu mengikut

kawasan-kawasan
di dunia adalah tidak sama. [12]

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Bahagian B: Alam Sekitar Manusia
[40 markah]

Jawab semua soalan.

1. (a)
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pertanian sara diri intensif. [3]
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(b)
Huraikan dua ciri-ciri Perladangan Ekstensif. [4]
(i)
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(ii)
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(c) Mengapakah perladangan ekstensif dikatakan mendatangkan impak
negatif yang lebih besar
berbanding pertanian pindah? [4]

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(i)
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(ii)
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(d) Huraikan bagaimana selepas kejadian La-Nina, boleh memberi kesan
positif terhadap sektor
pertanian sara diri intensif. [2]
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(e) Nyatakan faktor fizikal di Malaysia yang mempengaruhi penanaman
kelapa sawit. [2]
(i)

Iklim .......................................................................................................................
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(ii)

BMB ........................................................................................................................
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Jawab sama ada soalan 2 atau soalan 3

2. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada sebuah Negara di Asia Tenggara yang anda kaji,
terangkan
kenapa perikanan laut dalam di negara berkenaan sukar untuk
dikembangkan? [13]
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(b) Terangkan kenapa perikanan akuakultur perlu dikembangkan di
Malaysia. [12]
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3. (a)
Dengan merujuk kepada satu jenis mineral / galian yang anda kaji dilombong
di Malaysia,
terangkan kesan negatif aktiviti tersebut kepada alam sekitar fizikal dan
manusia? [13]
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(b) Terangkan langkah-langkah perundangan dan bukan perundangan yang
boleh diambil
untuk mengatasi kesan negatif aktiviti pelombongan galian / mineral yang
anda pilih
dalam soalan 3. (a) di atas. [12]
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