01 - RA41201EN20GLA0 LTE EPC - Overview - v03 PDF

LTE EPC Overview
LTE RPESS
LTE EPC Overview
1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0
RA41201EN20GLA0 1
LTE EPC Overview
Nokia Siemens Networks Academy
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RA41201EN20GLA0 2
LTE EPC Overview
Module Objectives
After completing this module, the participant should be able to:
List the LTE/SAE main requirements

Underline the LTE/SAE key features
Review the 3GPP specification work concerning LTE/SAE.
Describe the LTE Network Architecture
List the key functionalities of the evolved NB
Understand the protocol stack implemented on EUTRAN
interfaces
RA41201EN20GLA0 3
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 4
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 5
LTE EPC Overview
The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP driven

initiative
LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020 & beyond.
It shall especially compete with WiMAX 802.16e/m
It must keep the support for high & highest mobility users
like in GSM/UMTS networks
The architectural changes are big compared to UMTS
LTE commercial launch has started early 2010.
RA41201EN20GLA0 6
LTE EPC Overview
What are the LTE challenges?
The Users expectation ..leads to the operators challenges
Best price, transparent flat rate reduce cost per bit

Full Internet provide high data rate
Click-bang responsiveness provide low latency
User experience will have an Price per Mbyte has to be reduced

impact on ARPU to remain profitable
Throughput Latency
Cost per MByte
Fa
0
ct
r1
or
cto
2-3
Fa
HSPA LTE HSPA LTE UMTS HSPA I-HSPA LTE
LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
RA41201EN20GLA0 7
LTE EPC Overview
LTE = Long Term Evolution
Next step for

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA A true global roaming technology
and CDMA
Peak data rates of 303

Mbps / 75 Mbps
Enhanced consumer experience
Low latency 10-20 ms
Scalable bandwidth of Easy to introduce on any

1.4 20 MHz frequency band
OFDM technology
Flat, scalable IP based Decreased cost / GB
architecture
RA41201EN20GLA0 8
LTE EPC Overview
Schedule for 3GPP releases
Next step for

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA A true global roaming technology
and cdma2000
Specification:
HSUPA
UMTS/ HSDPA MBMS HSPA+ LTE-A
WCDMA LTE Studies LTE & EPC studies LTE-A
IMS WLAN IW
3GPP
3GPP Rel.
Rel. 99/4
99/4 Rel.
Rel. 55 Rel.
Rel. 66 Rel.
Rel. 77 Rel.
Rel. 88 Rel.
Rel. 99 Rel.
Rel. 10
10
2000 2003 2005 2007 2008 2009 2011 year
LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been
simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility.
HSPA and LTE have in common:
Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency
Same kind of Turbo coding
The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are
typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements.
WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.
9 Nokia Siemens Networks LTE-A:RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE-Advanced
RA41201EN20GLA0 9
LTE EPC Overview
Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)
Peak data rates of Enhanced consumer experience:

303 Mbps / 75 Mbps - drives subscriber uptake
- allow for new applications
Low latency 10-20 ms - provide additional revenue streams
Max. peak data rate
350
300
Downlink
250 Uplink
Mbps
200 Latency (Rountrip delay)*

150 GSM/
EDGE
100
50 HSPA
Rel6
0
HSPA R6 Evolved HSPA LTE 2x20 MHz LTE 2x20 HSPAevo
(Rel. 7/8, 2x2 (2x2 MIMO) MHz (4x4 (Rel8)
MIMO) MIMO)
LTE
min max
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 ms
DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

* Server near RAN
RA41201EN20GLA0 10
LTE EPC Overview
Scalable Bandwidth
Scalable bandwidth
Easy to introduce on any
Scalable bandwidth frequency band: Frequency
of 1.4 20 MHz Refarming
(Cost efficient deployment on lower
frequency bands supported)
Urban
2.6 GHz LTE
2.1 GHz UMTS
or
2.6 GHz LTE
LTE
2.1 GHz UMTS
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Rural
900 MHz GSM UMTS
LTE
or
900 MHz GSM LTE
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

RA41201EN20GLA0 11
LTE EPC Overview
Increased Spectral Efficiency

OFDMA technology LTE efficiency is 3 x HSPA R6 in
increases Spectral downlink
HSPA R7 and WiMAX have Similar
efficiency Spectral Efficiency
All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception

HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE assume 2-antenna BTS transmission (2x2 MIMO)
2.0
1.8 Downlink
Uplink ITU contribution from
1.6 WiMAX Forum shows
1.4 DL 1.3 & UL 0.8 bps/Hz/cell
bps/Hz/cell
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4 Reference:
0.2 - HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960
0.0 - HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335
HSPA R6 HSPA R6 + HSPA R7 WiMAX LTE R8 - HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia
simulations
UE
equalizer
RA41201EN20GLA0 12
LTE EPC Overview
Reduced Network Complexity
Flat, scalable IP based Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

architecture IP based Interfaces
Flat, IP based architecture
Access Core Control
MME IMS HLR/HSS
Internet
Evolved Node B Gateway
RA41201EN20GLA0 13
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Requirements Summary

1. Simplify the RAN:
- Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their complexity.
- Minimize the number of RAN interface types.
2. Increase throughput: Peak data rates of UL/DL 50/100 Mbps
3. Reduce latency (prerequisite for CS replacement).
4. Improve spectrum efficiency: Capacity 2-4 x higher than with Release 6 HSPA
5. Frequency flexibility & bandwidth scalability: Frequency Refarming
6. Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network: CSFB for initial phase
7. Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS services
will be supported via VoIP, etc: EPS bearers for IMS based Voice
8. Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the eNBs S1-
Flex interface
9. Support for inter-working with existing 3G system & non-3GPP specified systems.
10. Operation in FDD & TDD modes
11. Improved terminal power efficiency
A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR 25.913.
RA41201EN20GLA0 14
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 15
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Key Features
EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /

SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /
LTE ( Long Term Evolution )
IP
IP Network
Network
EUTRAN
EUTRAN EPC
EPC (( Evolved
Evolved Packet
Packet Core
Core ))
(( Evolved
Evolved UTRAN
UTRAN ))
IP
IP Network
Network
IP
IP Network
Network
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
MIMO ( beam-forming/ Evolved Node B / PS Domain only,
spatial multiplexing) No RNC No CS Domain
HARQ IP Transport Layer IP Transport Layer
Scalable bandwidth UL/DL resource QoS Aware

(1.4, 3, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz) scheduling
3GPP (GTP) or
QoS Aware IETF (MIPv6)
Self Configuration Prepared for
Non-3GPP Access
RA41201EN20GLA0 16
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN (1/2)
Evolved NodeB
No RNC is provided anymore
The evolved Node Bs take over all radio management functionality.
This will make radio management faster & hopefully the network architecture
simpler
IP transport layer
E-UTRAN exclusively uses IP as transport layer
UL/DL resource scheduling

In UMTS physical resources are either shared or dedicated
Evolved Node B handles all physical resource via a scheduler and assigns
them dynamically to users & channels
This provides greater flexibility than the older system
RA41201EN20GLA0 17
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN (2/2)
QoS awareness
The scheduler must handle & distinguish different QoS classes
Otherwise RT services would not be possible via EUTRAN
The system provides the possibility for differentiated services
Self configuration
Currently under investigation
Possibility to let Evolved Node Bs configure themselves
It will not completely substitute the manual configuration & optimization
RA41201EN20GLA0 18
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Key Features EPC (Evolved Packet Core)
Packet Switched Domain only

no CS domain is provided
if CS applications are required, they must be implemented via IP
only one mobility management for the UE in LTE.
3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option

The EPC can be based either on 3GPP GTP protocols (similar to PS domain in
UMTS/GPRS) or on IETF Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
Non-3GPP access
The EPC will be prepared also to be used by non-3GPP access networks (e.g.
LAN, WLAN, WiMAX, etc.)
This will provide true convergence of different packet radio access system
RA41201EN20GLA0 19
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 20
LTE EPC Overview
Standardisation around LTE
Collaboration agreement established in December

1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a
number of telecommunications standards bodies: ARIB,
CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.
More in www.3gpp.org
Next Generation Mobile Networks. Is a group of mobile

operators, to provide a coherent vision for technology
evolution beyond 3G for the competitive delivery of
broadband wireless services.
More in www.ngmn.org
LTE/SAE Trial Initiative. Is was founded in may 2007 by a

group of leading telecommunications companies.
LSTI Its aim is to prove the potential and benefits that the LTE
technology can offer.
More in http://www.lstiforum.com/
RA41201EN20GLA0 21
LTE EPC Overview
From 3GPP Specs into Commercial Launch
Historically, 1.25-1.5 years from the specs approval until backwards compatibility
(ASN.1) with HSDPA and HSUPA
Historically, 1.25-1.5 years from the backwards compatibility until commercial
launch with HSDPA & HSUPA
LTE backwards compatibility: 03/2009. First commercial launch: 12/2009
HSDPA 1.5 years 1.5 years

1 2 3
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
HSUPA 1 2 3
1.25 years 1.25 years
1 = Specs approved
1.25 years 0.75 years
2 = Backwards compatibility
LTE 1 2 3
3 = 1st commercial launch
2008 2009 2010
RA41201EN20GLA0 22
LTE EPC Overview
3GPP LTE Background (1/2)

Milestones
End 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution

March 2005 Study item started
December 2005 Multiple access selected
March 2006 Functionality split between radio and core agreed
September 2006 Study item closed & approval of the work items
December 2007 1st version of all radio specs approved
March 2008 3GPP Release 8 Stage 1 specifications were frozen
December 2008 3GPP Release 8
Work item Work plan Stage 2 Stage 3

started approved approved approved
2005 2006 2007 2008
Feasibility Multiple Feasibility Radio Specs

study started access study closed approved
selected
RA41201EN20GLA0 23
LTE EPC Overview
3GPP LTE Background (2/2)

Schedule
2009 2100 & 2100/1700 MHz frequency bands selected; Release 9

2010 Additional frequency bands added (700, 800 & 2600 MHz). Inter-RAT
Mobility. LTE capable devices
2011 Network Sharing. Self-optimized networks. Part of 3GPP Release 9.
Release 10 (LTE-Advanced)
2008 2009 2010 2011
Demonstrate Operator LTE Networks Large Scale LTE

LTE Air Trials. Friendly- Launch: Networks.
Interface use networks commercial
solution VoIP service
Performance
available optimized.
RA41201EN20GLA0 24
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 25
LTE EPC Overview
Network Architecture Evolution
HSPA Direct tunnel I-HSPA LTE

HSPA R6 HSPA R7 HSPA R7 LTE R8
GGSN GGSN GGSN SAE GW
SGSN SGSN SGSN MME/SGSN
RNC RNC
Node B Evolved
Node B Node B +
(NB) Node B
(NB) RNC (eNB)
Functionality
Flat architecture: single network element in user User plane

plane in radio network and core network Control Plane
SAE: System Architecture Evolution

SAE GW: Serving Gateway +PDN Gateway
RA41201EN20GLA0 26
LTE EPC Overview
Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture - Subsystems
The EPS architecture goal is to optimize the system for packet data transfer.
There are no circuit switched components. The EPS architecture is made up of:
EPC: Evolved Packet Core, also referred as SAE
eUTRAN: Radio Access Network, also referred as LTE
EPS Architecture
LTE or eUTRAN SAE or EPC
EPC provides access to
external packet IP networks and
performs a number of CN
related functions (e.g. QoS,
security, mobility and terminal
context management) for idle
and active terminals
eUTRAN performs all radio
interface related functions
RA41201EN20GLA0 27
LTE EPC Overview
LTE/SAE Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS
eNB
Mobility
Management
Entity Policy &
S6a Charging Rule
Function
MME S10
X2 S7
E Rx+
- MM PCRF
S1
S11
S1-U S5/S8 SGi

PDN
LTE-Uu Serving PDN
Evolved Node B
Gateway Gateway
LTE-UE (eNB)
SAE
Gateway
RA41201EN20GLA0 28
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 29
LTE EPC Overview
Evolved Node B (eNB)

eNB Functions
Inter-cell RRM: HO, load balancing between cells Only network element defined as
part of eUTRAN.
Radio Bearer Control: setup , modifications and
release of Radio Resources Replaces the old Node B / RNC
combination from 3G.
Connection Mgt. Control: UE State Management, Terminates the complete radio
MME-UE Connection
interface including physical layer.
Radio Admission Control Provides all radio management
eNode B Meas. collection and evaluation functions
To enable efficient inter-cell radio
Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)
management for cells not attached to
IP Header Compression/ de-compression the same eNB, there is a inter-eNB
interface X2 specified. It will allow to
Access Layer Security: ciphering and integrity coordinate inter-eNB handovers
protection on the radio interface
without direct involvement of EPC
MME Selection at Attach of the UE during this process.
User Data Routing to the SAE GW
Transmission of Paging Msg coming from MME
Transmission of Broadcast Info (e.g. System info,

MBMS)
RA41201EN20GLA0 30
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 31
LTE EPC Overview
LTE Radio Interface & the X2 Interface
(E)-RRC PDUs .. User

LTE-Uu interface
(E)-RRC User
User PDUs User PDUs
PDUs
PDCP
PDCP
Air interface of LTE
RLC
RLC
Based on OFDMA in DL & SC-FDMA in UL
TS 36.300
MAC
MAC
FDD & TDD duplex methods
LTE-L1
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
(FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
eNB Scalable bandwidth: 1.4MHz - 20 MHz
LTE-Uu
X2 interface
X2-UP Inter eNB interface
(User Plane)
X2-CP X2AP: special signalling protocol
(Control Plane) User
User PDUs
PDUs (Application Part)
TS 36.423 X2-AP
X2-AP GTP-U
GTP-U Functionalities:
X2
SCTP
SCTP UDP
UDP TS 36.424
In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover
TS 36.422 and provide data forwarding.
IP
IP IP
IP
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2
In RRM to provide e.g. load
L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421
information to neighbouring eNBs to
facilitate interference management.
TS 36.420 Logical interface: doesnt need direct
site-to-site connection, i.e. can be
eNB routed via CN as well
UDP: User Datagram Protocol ( L4 Transport Layer)
RA41201EN20GLA0 32
LTE EPC Overview
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-MME interface NAS
NAS Protocols
Protocols
MME
Control Plane interface between eNB & TS 36.413 S1-AP
S1-AP
MME SCTP
SCTP
TS 36.412
S1AP:S1 Application Protocol IP
IP
MME & UE will exchange NAS signaling L1/L2
L1/L2 TS 36.411
via eNB through this interface ( i.e. S1-U

(User Plane)
authentication, tracking area updates)
eNB User
User PDUs
PDUs
S1 Flex: an eNB is allowed to connect to a
GTP-U
GTP-U Serving
maximum of 16 MME. (LTE2, RL20) TS 36.414 Gateway
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
S1-U interface TS 36.411 L1/L2
L1/L2
User plane interface between eNB & Serving
Gateway. TS 36.410
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
LTE4: Multi-Operator Core Network (MO-CN): An eNB can be connected

simultaneously to the different Evolved Packet Cores (EPCs) of different operators,
and shared by them.
RA41201EN20GLA0 33
LTE EPC Overview
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
RA41201EN20GLA0 34
LTE EPC Overview
LTE: What is new?
new radio transmission schemes: new network architecture:

OFDMA in DL More functionality in the base
station (eNodeB)
SC-FDMA in UL
Focus on PS domain
MIMO Multiple Antenna Technology
Flat architecture (2-nodes)
All-IP
New radio protocol architecture:
Complexity reduction
Important for Radio Planning
Focus on shared channel operation,
no dedicated channels anymore
Frequency Reuse 1
No need for Frequency Planning
No need to define neighbour lists
in LTE
OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

SC-FDMA: Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
PS: Packet Switched
RA41201EN20GLA0 35

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LTE EPC Overview

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

Intellectual Property Rights

2 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

List the LTE/SAE main requirements

3 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

4 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

5 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP driven

The architectural changes are big compared to UMTS

LTE commercial launch has started early 2010.

6 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

What are the LTE challenges?

The Users expectation ..leads to the operators challenges

Best price, transparent flat rate reduce cost per bit

User experience will have an Price per Mbyte has to be reduced

HSPA LTE HSPA LTE UMTS HSPA I-HSPA LTE

7 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE = Long Term Evolution

Next step for

Peak data rates of 303

Scalable bandwidth of Easy to introduce on any

8 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

Schedule for 3GPP releases

Next step for

2000 2003 2005 2007 2008 2009 2011 year

9 Nokia Siemens Networks LTE-A:RA41201EN20GLA0

Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

Peak data rates of Enhanced consumer experience:

200 Latency (Rountrip delay)*

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 ms

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

10 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

900 MHz GSM LTE

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Increased Spectral Efficiency

All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception

12 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

Reduced Network Complexity

Flat, scalable IP based Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

Flat, IP based architecture

Access Core Control

MME IMS HLR/HSS

Evolved Node B Gateway

13 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE/SAE Requirements Summary

15 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE/SAE Key Features

EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /

Scalable bandwidth UL/DL resource QoS Aware

16 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN (1/2)

UL/DL resource scheduling

17 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN (2/2)

18 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0

LTE/SAE Key Features EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

Packet Switched Domain only

3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option

19 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41201EN20GLA0