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MSI!301:!LAN!SWITCHING!AND!
WIRELESS!|!SOLVED!
ASSIGNMENT!
AMITY!UNIVERSITY!ONLINE!(AUO)!3rd!SEM!SOLVED!ASSIGNMENT!
SUBMITTED!BY:!Tanuj!Ghimire!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 2!
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Assignment!A!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 3!
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1)!Describe!the!Hierarchical!Network!Model?!Describe!the!benefits!of!the!
Hierarchical!Network!Model.!
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Ans:!!
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This!model!simplifies!the!task!of!building!a!reliable,!scalable,!and!less!expensive!hierarchical!
internetwork!because!rather!than!focusing!on!packet!construction,!it!focuses!on!the!three!
functional!areas,!or!layers,!of!your!network:!
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Core!layer:!This!layer!is!considered!the!backbone!of!the!network!and!includes!the!highFend!
switches!and!highFspeed!cables!such!as!fiber!cables.!This!layer!of!the!network!does!not!route!
traffic!at!the!LAN.!In!addition,!there!is!no!packet!manipulation!that!is!done!by!devices!in!this!
layer.!Rather,!this!layer!is!concerned!with!speed!and!ensures!reliable!delivery!of!packets.!
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Distribution!layer:!This!layer!includes!LANFbased!routers!and!layer!3!switches.!This!layer!
ensures!that!packets!are!properly!routed!between!subnets!and!VLANs!in!your!enterprise.!This!
layer!is!also!called!the!Workgroup!layer.!
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Access!layer:!This!layer!includes!hubs!and!switches.!This!layer!is!also!called!the!desktop!layer!
because!it!focuses!on!connecting!client!nodes,!such!as!workstations!to!the!network.!This!layer!
ensures!that!packets!are!delivered!to!end!user!computers.!
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When!we!implement!these!layers,!each!layer!might!comprise!more!than!two!devices!or!a!single!
device!might!function!across!multiple!layers.!The!benefits!of!the!hierarchical!model!include:!
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High!Performance:!We!can!design!high!performance!networks,!where!only!certain!layers!are!
susceptible!to!congestion.!
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Efficient!management!&!troubleshooting:!Allows!us!to!efficiently!organize!network!
management!and!isolate!causes!of!network!trouble.!
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Policy!creation:!We!can!easily!create!policies!and!specify!filters!and!rules.!
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Scalability:!We!can!grow!the!network!easily!by!dividing!your!network!into!functional!areas.!
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Behavior!prediction:!When!planning!or!managing!a!network,!the!model!allows!us!to!determine!
what!will!happen!to!the!network!when!new!stresses!are!placed!on!it.!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 4!
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FIG:!Hierarchical!Network!Model!
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2)!Explain!the!key!features!of!switches!that!are!used!in!hierarchical!
networks?!
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Ans:!Following!are!the!key!features!of!switches!used!in!hierarchical!networks!
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Switch!Form!Factors:!!
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When!you!are!selecting!a!switch,!you!need!to!decide!between!fixed!configuration!or!modular!
configuration,!and!stackable!or!nonFstackable.!Another!consideration!is!the!thickness!of!the!
switch!expressed!in!number!of!rack!units.!
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Fixed!Configuration!Switches:!
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Fixed!configuration!switches!are!just!as!you!might!expect,!fixed!in!their!configuration.!
What!that!means!is!that!you!cannot!add!features!or!options!to!the!switch!beyond!those!that!
originally!came!with!the!switch.!The!particular!model!you!purchase!determines!the!features!
and!options!available.!For!example,!if!you!purchase!a!24Fport!gigabit!fixed!switch,!you!cannot!
add!additional!ports!when!you!need!them.!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 5!
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Modular!Switches:!
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Modular!switches!offer!more!flexibility!in!their!configuration.!Modular!switches!come!with!
different!sized!chassis!that!allow!for!the!installation!of!different!numbers!of!modular!line!
cards.!The!line!cards!contain!the!ports.!The!line!card!fits!into!the!switch!chassis!like!expansion!
cards!fit!into!a!PC.!The!larger!the!chassis,!the!more!modules!it!can!support.!
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Stackable!Switches:!
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Stackable!switches!can!be!interconnected!using!a!special!backplane!cable!that!provides!highF
bandwidth!throughput!between!the!switches.!Cisco!introduced!StackWise!technology!in!one!of!
its!switch!product!lines.!StackWise!allows!you!to!interconnect!up!to!nine!switches!using!fully!
redundant!backplane!connections.!
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Switch!Performance:!
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When!selecting!a!switch!for!the!access,!distribution,!or!core!layers,!consider!the!capability!of!
the!switch!to!support!the!port!density,!forwarding!rates,!and!bandwidth!aggregation!
requirements!of!your!network.!
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Port!Density:!
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Port!density!is!the!number!of!ports!available!on!a!single!switch.!Fixed!configuration!switches!
typically!support!up!to!48!ports!on!a!single!device,!with!options!for!up!to!four!additional!ports!
for!small!formFfactor!pluggable!(SFP)!devices.!!
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High!port!densities!allow!for!better!use!of!space!and!power!when!both!are!in!limited!supply.!If!
you!have!two!switches!that!each!contain!24!ports,!you!would!be!able!to!support!up!to!46!
devices!because!you!lose!at!least!one!port!per!switch!to!connect!each!switch!to!the!rest!of!the!
network.!In!addition,!two!power!outlets!are!required.!On!the!other!hand,!if!you!have!a!single!
48Fport!switch,!47!devices!can!be!supported,!with!only!one!port!used!to!connect!the!switch!to!
the!rest!of!the!network,!and!only!one!power!outlet!needed!to!accommodate!the!single!switch.!!
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Modular!switches!can!support!very!high!port!densities!through!the!addition!of!multiple!switch!
port!line!cards.!For!example,!the!Catalyst!6500!switch!can!support!in!excess!of!1000!switch!
ports!on!a!single!device.!
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Large!enterprise!networks!that!support!many!thousands!of!network!devices!require!high!
density,!modular!switches!to!make!the!best!use!of!space!and!power.!Without!using!a!highF!
density!modular!switch,!the!network!would!need!many!fixed!configuration!switches!to!
accommodate!the!number!of!devices!that!need!network!access.!This!approach!can!consume!
many!power!outlets!and!a!lot!of!closet!space.!
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You!must!also!address!the!issue!of!uplink!bottlenecks.!A!series!of!fixed!configuration!switches!
may!consume!many!additional!ports!for!bandwidth!aggregation!between!switches!for!the!
purpose!of!achieving!target!performance.!With!a!single!modular!switch,!bandwidth!
aggregation!is!less!of!an!issue!because!the!backplane!of!the!chassis!can!provide!the!necessary!
bandwidth!to!accommodate!the!devices!connected!to!the!switch!port!line!cards.!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 6!
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Forwarding!Rates:!!
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As!illustrated!in!Figure!1F20,!forwarding!rates!define!the!processing!capabilities!of!a!switch!by!
rating!how!much!data!the!switch!can!process!per!second.!Switch!product!lines!are!classified!by!
forwarding!rates.!EntryFlayer!switches!have!lower!forwarding!rates!than!enterpriseF!layer!
switches.!Forwarding!rates!are!important!to!consider!when!selecting!a!switch.!If!the!switchF
forwarding!rate!is!too!low,!it!cannot!accommodate!full!wireFspeed!communication!across!all!its!
switch!ports.!Wire!speed!is!the!data!rate!that!each!port!on!the!switch!is!capable!of!attaining
either!100!Mbps!Fast!Ethernet!or!1000!Mbps!Gigabit!Ethernet.!
For!example,!a!48Fport!gigabit!switch!operating!at!full!wire!speed!generates!48!Gbps!of!traffic.!
If!the!switch!supports!a!forwarding!rate!of!only!32!Gbps,!it!cannot!run!at!full!wire!speed!across!
all!ports!simultaneously.!
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Link!Aggregation:!
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As!part!of!bandwidth!aggregation,!you!should!determine!if!there!are!enough!ports!on!a!switch!
to!aggregate!to!support!the!required!bandwidth.!For!example,!consider!a!Gigabit!Ethernet!port,!
which!carries!up!to!1!Gbps!of!traffic.!If!you!have!a!24Fport!switch,!with!all!ports!capable!of!
running!at!gigabit!speeds,!you!could!generate!up!to!24!Gbps!of!network!traffic.!If!the!switch!is!
connected!to!the!rest!of!the!network!by!a!single!network!cable,!it!can!forward!only!1!Gbps!of!
the!data!to!the!rest!of!the!network.!Due!to!the!contention!for!bandF!width,!the!data!would!
forward!more!slowly.!That!results!in!1/24th!wire!speed!available!to!each!of!the!24!devices!
connected!to!the!switch.!Wire!speed!describes!the!theoretical!maxiF!mum!data!transmission!
rate!of!a!connection.!
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Link!aggregation!helps!to!reduce!these!bottlenecks!of!traffic!by!allowing!up!to!eight!switch!
ports!to!be!bound!together!for!data!communications,!providing!up!to!16!Gbps!of!data!
throughput!when!Gigabit!Ethernet!ports!are!used.!With!the!addition!of!multiple!10!Gigabit!
Ethernet!uplinks!on!some!enterpriseFlayer!switches,!160!Gbps!throughput!rates!can!be!
achieved.!Cisco!uses!the!term!Ether!Channel!when!describing!aggregated!switch!ports.!Keep!in!
mind!that!Ether!Channel!reduces!the!number!of!available!ports!to!connect!network!devices.!
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Power!over!Ethernet:!
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Power!over!Ethernet!(PoE)!allows!the!switch!to!deliver!power!to!a!device!over!the!existing!
Ethernet!cabling.!PoE!ports!on!a!switch,!IP!phone,!access!point,!and!wireless!LAN!controller!
look!the!same!as!any!switch!port.!
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PoE!allows!you!more!flexibility!when!installing!wireless!access!points!and!IP!phones!because!
you!can!install!them!anywhere!you!can!run!an!Ethernet!cable.!You!do!not!need!to!consider!how!
to!run!ordinary!power!to!the!device.!You!should!select!a!switch!that!supports!PoE!only!if!you!
are!actually!going!to!take!advantage!of!the!feature!because!it!adds!considerF!able!cost!to!the!
switch.!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 7!
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Layer!3!Functionality:!
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Typically,!switches!operate!at!Layer!2!of!the!OSI!reference!model,!where!they!deal!primarily!
with!the!MAC!addresses!of!devices!connected!to!switch!ports.!Layer!3!switches!are!also!known!
as!multilayer!switches.!
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3)!What!are!the!benefits!of!VLAN?!Explain!different!types!of!VLAN.!
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Ans:!VLAN!(Virtual!Local!Network)!is!a!logically!separate!IP!subFnet!which!allow!multiple!IP!
networks!and!subnets!to!exist!on!the!sameFswitched!network.!
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VLAN!is!a!logical!broadcast!domain!that!can!span!multiple!physical!LAN!segments.!It!is!a!
modern!way!administrators!configure!switches!into!virtual!localFarea!networks!(VLANs)!to!
improve!network!performance!by!separating!large!Layer!2!broadcast!domains!into!smaller!
ones.!!
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By!using!VLAN!a!network!administrator!will!be!able!to!group!together!stations!by!logical!
function,!or!by!applications,!without!regard!to!physical!location!of!the!users.!
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Each!VLAN!functions!as!a!separate!LAN!and!spans!one!or!more!switches.!This!allows!host!
devices!to!behave!as!if!they!were!on!the!same!network!segment.!!
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For!traffic!to!move!between!VLANs,!a!layer!3!device!(router)!is!required.!
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VLAN!has!three!major!functions:!
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I. Limits!the!size!of!broadcast!domains!
II. Improves!network!performance!
III. Provides!a!level!of!security!
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Types!of!VLANS:!!
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Default!VLAN:!This!is!basically!where!ALL!ports!belongs!to!by!default,!this!is!technically!VLAN!
1!and!it!can't!be!deleted!from!the!switch.!On!some!(old!)!Catalyst!switches!you!can't!even!
disallow!VLAN!1!from!trunk!ports.!
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Data!VLAN:!This!is!the!"normal"!VLAN!where!the!traffic!is!carried!and!where!the!client!data!
goes!through!the!LAN.!
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Native!VLAN:!The!native!VLAN!is!an!802.1Q!only!concept.!Traffic!belonging!to!the!native!VLAN!
is!not!tagged.!Note!that!by!default!VLAN!1!(which!is!the!default!VLAN)!is!the!native!VLAN!on!
ALL!Catalyst!switches.!You!can!designate!any!VLAN!as!your!native!on!your!switch!and!note!
that!it!need!to!match!on!both!ends!of!the!trunk!connection.!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 8!
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Voice!VLAN:!The!voice!VLAN!is!where!the!QoS!policies!are!applied!in!order!to!prioritize!this!
traffic!to!send!it!through!the!LAN.!The!voice!traffic!it's!always!distinguished!from!the!data!
traffic!on!the!LAN.!
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Management!VLAN:!This!is!used!on!a!LAN!for!management!purposes.!Example!of!this!would!
be!to!use!it!on!a!OutFofFBand!(OOB)!implementations.!This!VLAN!normally!carries!sensitive!
traffic!from!a!control!perspective;!some!of!the!protocols!that!are!carried!on!this!VLAN!are:!FTP,!
TFTP,!Telnet,!SSH,!SCP,!and!others.!
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Special!VLANs:!These!VLANs!are!basically!used!for!special!cases!on!your!LAN.!An!example!of!a!
special!case!VLAN!would!be!VLAN!0,!which!is!used!in!conjunction!with!802.1p.!I!would!say!that!
VLAN!1!fits!in!this!"special"!category!too.!
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Reserved!VLANs:!There!are!some!VLANs!that!are!reserved!internally!on!your!switch!in!order!
to!use!them!on!other!environments!like!FDDI,!Token!Ring.!The!specific!VLANs!used!for!these!
two!types!of!networks!are!from!1002!F!1005.!
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Private!VLANs:!it's!a!technology!that!has!some!new!concepts/category!of!VLANs,!but!these!are!
not!a!CCNA!R&S!related!topic.!
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4)!A!pointXtoXpoint!connection!with!different!vendor!routers!using!HDLC!as!
the!Encapsulation!type!cannot!establish!a!connection.!When!you!change!the!
encapsulation!type!on!both!routers!to!PPP,!the!connection!is!established.!
Why!did!the!routers!establish!a!connection!with!PPP!and!not!with!HDLC?!
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Ans:!HDLC!is!a!vendorFspecific!protocol!that!is!not!compatible!with!other!vendors!versions!of!
HDLC.!Because!PPP!is!an!open!standard!protocol!that!functions!in!multivendor!environment,!
the!communicating!routers!were!allowed!to!establish!a!connection.!
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5)!What!are!the!downsides!to!password!recovery?!
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Ans:!First, if your passwords are encrypted, you cannot see them or recover them. This is
why you should always have a backup of all working configurations for devices in a
production network. The second drawback is that anyone with physical access to a device
can follow these steps and take control of a device. Therefore, physical security for network
devices is essential.
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 9!
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ASSIGNMENT!B!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 1
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1) !
(A)!Describe!the!benefits!and!purpose!of!VTP?!
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Ans:!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!or!VTP!refers!to!a!messaging!protocol!responsible!for!managing!
the!renaming,!deletion!and!addition!of!VLANs!(Virtual!Local!Area!Networks).!Cisco!VLAN!
Trunking!Protocol!lowers!administration!in!switched!networks.!The!following!are!major!
benefits!of!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol.!
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I. Better!network!management:!
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VTP!lowers!the!possible!inconsistencies!in!configuration!that!normally!come!about!once!
modifications!are!made!in!a!network.!Such!inconsistencies!may!lead!to!security!violations!
since!VLANs!have!the!capability!of!cross!connecting!when!matching!names!are!utilized.!
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II. Maintains!consistency!
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The!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!offers!the!benefit!of!maintaining!configuration!consistency!
throughout!the!whole!network.!This!is!credited!to!the!fact!that!VTP!utilizes!trunk!frames!
for!managing!any!changes!made!to!the!VLANs!in!that!particular!network.!This!is!attained!
through!the!use!of!a!central!switch!found!in!the!server!mode.!!!
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III. Manages!Cisco!switches!
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Another!vital!advantage!of!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!is!that!it!provides!an!effective!
method!of!managing!Cisco!switches!like!one!group!for!configuration!purposes.!This!
means!that!if!the!VTP!has!been!enabled!on!a!Cisco!switch,!creating!a!VLAN!on!a!single!
switch!then!makes!the!VLAN!accessible!to!all!the!switches!in!that!VTP!domain.!The!switch!
can!only!be!a!part!of!one!VTP!domain!at!a!single!time.!
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(B)!Explain!the!purpose!and!operation!of!ACLs?!Explain!the!filtering!
process?!
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Ans:!Access!Control!List!(ACL)!are!filters!that!enable!you!to!control!which!routing!updates!or!
packets!are!permitted!or!denied!in!or!out!of!a!network.!They!are!specifically!used!by!network!
administrators!to!filter!traffic!and!to!provide!extra!security!for!their!networks.!This!can!be!
applied!on!routers!(Cisco).!
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ACLs!provide!a!powerful!way!to!control!traffic!into!and!out!of!your!network;!this!control!can!
be!as!simple!as!permitting!or!denying!network!hosts!or!addresses.!!You!can!configure!ACLs!for!
all!routed!network!protocols.!
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The!most!important!reason!to!configure!ACLs!is!to!provide!security!for!your!network.!
However,!ACLs!can!also!be!configured!to!control!network!traffic!based!on!the!TCP!port!being!
used.!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 1
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How!ACLs!works:!
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A!router!acts!as!a!packet!filter!when!it!forwards!or!denies!packets!according!to!filtering!rules.!
As!a!Layer!3!device,!a!packetFfiltering!router!uses!rules!to!determine!whether!to!permit!or!
deny!traffic!based!on!source!and!destination!IP!addresses,!source!port!and!destination!port,!
and!the!protocol!of!the!packet.!These!rules!are!defined!using!access!control!lists!or!ACLs.!
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!To!simplify!how!ACL!or!a!router!uses!packet!filtering!work,!imagine!!a!guard!stationed!at!a!
locked!door.!The!guard's!instruction!is!to!allow!only!people!whose!names!appear!on!a!quest!
list!to!pass!through!the!door.!The!guard!is!filtering!people!based!on!the!condition!of!having!
their!names!on!the!authorized!list.!
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When!a!packet!arrives!at!the!router,!the!router!extracts!certain!information!from!the!packet!
header!and!makes!decisions!according!to!the!filter!rules!as!to!whether!the!packet!can!pass!
through!or!be!dropped.!Packet!filtering!process!works!at!the!Network!layer!of!the!Open!
Systems!Interconnection!(OSI)!model,!or!the!Internet!layer!of!TCP/IP.!
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2)!Describe!and!compare!the!Ethernet!concepts!and!techniques!used!by!
LAN!switches.!
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Ans:!Switches!are!sometimes!called!multiport!bridges!or!switching!hubs.!Switches!make!
decisions!based!on!MAC!addresses!and!therefore,!are!Layer!2!devices.!In!contrast,!hubs!
regenerate!the!Layer!1!signals!out!of!all!ports!without!making!any!decisions.!Since!a!switch!has!
the!capacity!to!make!path!selection!decisions,!the!LAN!becomes!much!more!efficient.!Usually,!
in!an!Ethernet!network!the!workstations!are!connected!directly!to!the!switch.!Switches!learn!
which!hosts!are!connected!to!a!port!by!reading!the!source!MAC!address!in!frames.!The!switch!
opens!a!virtual!circuit!between!the!source!and!destination!nodes!only.!This!confines!
communication!to!those!two!ports!without!affecting!traffic!on!other!ports.!!
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In!contrast,!a!hub!forwards!data!out!all!of!its!ports!so!that!all!hosts!see!the!data!and!must!
process!it,!even!if!that!data!is!not!intended!for!it.!!!HighFperformance!LANs!are!usually!fully!
switched.!
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A!switch!concentrates!connectivity,!making!data!transmission!more!efficient.!Frames!
are!switched!from!incoming!ports!to!outgoing!ports.!Each!port!or!interface!can!provide!
the!full!bandwidth!of!the!connection!to!the!host.!
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On!a!typical!Ethernet!hub,!all!ports!connect!to!a!common!backplane!or!physical!
connection!within!the!hub,!and!all!devices!attached!to!the!hub!share!the!bandwidth!of!
the!network.!If!two!stations!establish!a!session!that!uses!a!significant!level!of!
bandwidth,!the!network!performance!of!all!other!stations!attached!to!the!hub!is!
degraded.!
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To!reduce!degradation,!the!switch!treats!each!interface!as!an!individual!segment.!When!
stations!on!different!interfaces!need!to!communicate,!the!switch!forwards!frames!at!
wire!speed!from!one!interface!to!the!other,!to!ensure!that!each!session!receives!full!
bandwidth.!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 1
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To!efficiently!switch!frames!between!interfaces,!the!switch!maintains!an!address!table.!
When!a!frame!enters!the!switch,!it!associates!the!MAC!address!of!the!sending!station!
with!the!interface!on!which!it!was!received.!
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The!main!features!of!Ethernet!switches!are:!
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Isolate!traffic!among!segments!
Achieve!greater!amount!of!bandwidth!per!user!by!creating!smaller!collision!domains!
!
The!first!feature,!isolate!traffic!among!segments,!provides!for!greater!security!for!hosts!on!the!
network.!Each!segment!uses!the!CSMA/CD!access!method!to!maintain!data!traffic!flow!among!
the!users!on!that!segment.!Such!segmentation!allows!multiple!users!to!send!information!at!
the!same!time!on!the!different!segments!without!slowing!down!the!network.!
!
By!using!the!segments!in!the!network!fewer!users!and/or!devices!are!sharing!the!same!
bandwidth!when!communicating!with!one!another.!Each!segment!has!its!own!collision!
domain.!Ethernet!switches!filter!the!traffic!by!redirecting!the!datagrams!to!the!correct!port!or!
ports,!which!are!based!on!Layer!2!MAC!addresses.!
!
The!second!feature!is!called!micro!segmentation.!Micro!segmentation!allows!the!creation!of!
dedicated!network!segments!with!one!host!per!segment.!Each!hosts!receives!access!to!the!full!
bandwidth!and!does!not!have!to!compete!for!available!bandwidth!with!other!hosts.!Popular!
servers!can!then!be!placed!on!individual!100FMbps!links.!Often!in!networks!of!today,!a!Fast!
Ethernet!switch!will!act!as!the!backbone!of!the!LAN,!with!Ethernet!hubs,!Ethernet!switches,!or!
Fast!Ethernet!hubs!providing!the!desktop!connections!in!workgroups.!As!demanding!new!
applications!such!as!desktop!multimedia!or!video!conferencing!become!more!popular,!certain!
individual!desktop!computers!will!have!dedicated!100FMbps!links!to!the!network.!
!
3)!
!
A)!The!router!IOS!images!should!be!stored!on!a!TFTP!server!on!the!
network.!A!network!TFTP!server!can!be!used!to!restore!lost!or!corrupted!
IOS!images!to!network!devices.!In!your!own!words,!answer!the!following!
questions!about!IOS!image!management.!What!information!is!required!
when!using!the!copy!command!to!upload!or!download!a!system!image!file?!
!
Ans:!The!command!requires!that!you!to!enter!the!IP!address!of!the!remote!TFTP!server!and!
the!name!of!the!source!and!destination!system!image!files.!
!
!
!
B)!What!happens!to!a!router!when!the!IOS!is!deleted!from!flash?!
!
Ans:!When!an!IOS!on!a!router!is!accidentally!deleted!from!flash,!the!router!is!still!operational!
because!the!IOS!is!running!in!RAM.!However,!it!is!crucial!that!the!router!is!not!rebooted!at!this!
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time!because!it!would!not!be!able!to!find!a!valid!IOS!in!flash.!If!the!router!is!rebooted,!it!can!no!
longer!load,!and!IOS!will!automatically!boot!in!ROMmon!mode.!
!
!
Case!study!
!
2) Refer!to!Figure!1!for!all!the!questions!in!this!command!exercise.!Figure!
1!Network!Topology!for!Questions!I!Through!IV!
I) Allow only Host A from the 172.16.1.0/27 subnet access to the E-Mail server. Use the last
usable number in the extended list range. Host A should not have access to any of the
other servers. Write all the commands below.
Ans:
Ans:
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III) No one from the 172.16.1.0/27 subnet is allowed access to the File Server, but all other
traffic should be permitted. Use an extended named ACL to accomplish this task, and
name the ACL No_Access. Write all the commands below.
Ans:
IV) Allow only hosts on the R3 LAN to communicate with hosts on the R1 LAN. They are
allowed access to the Internet, but deny them access to the servers on the R2 LAN. Use
the first usable number in the extended IP range to accomplish this task. Write all the
commands below.
Ans:
ASSIGNMENT!C!
!
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1. Which layer of the hierarchical network design model is referred to as the high-speed
backbone of the internetwork, where high availability and redundancy are critical?
A. Access layer
B. Core layer
C. Data-link layer
D. Distribution layer
A. Convergence
B. Redundant links
C. Link aggregation
D. Network diameter
3. Which hierarchical design model layer controls the flow of network traffic using policies and
delineates broadcast domains by performing routing functions between virtual LANs
(VLANs)?
A. Application
B. Access
C. Distribution
D. Network
E. Core
5. Configuring communication between devices on different VLANs requires the use of which
layer of the OSI model?
A. Layer 1
B. Layer3
C. Layer4
D. Layer 5
6. Which layer of the OSI model does an access layer LAN switch use to make a forwarding
decision?
A. Layer 1
B. Layer 2
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C. Layer 3
D. Layer 4
7. Which hierarchical design characteristic would be recommended at both the core and
distribution layers to protect the network in the case of a route failure?
A. PoE
B. Redundancy
C. Aggregation
D. Access lists
8. At which hierarchical layer are switches normally not required to process all ports at wire
speed?
A. Core layer
B. Distribution layer
C. Access layer
D. Entry layer
9. For organizations that are implementing a voice over IP solution, what functionality should
be enabled at all three layers of the hierarchical network?
A. Core only
B. Distribution and core
C. Access and distribution
D. Access, distribution, and core
A. A slim-line chassis
B. Allows interconnection of switches on redundant backplane
C. Defined physical characteristics
D. Flexible characteristics
12. Which layer of the hierarchical design model provides a means of connecting devices to the
network and controlling which devices are allowed to communicate on the network?
A. Application
B. Access
C. Distribution
D. Network
E. Core
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14 If a network administrator enters these commands on a switch, what will be the result?
15 Which command line interface (CLI) mode allows users to configure switch parameters,
such as the hostname and password?
16 What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty lines?
17 A network administrator uses the CLI to enter a command that requires several
parameters. The switch responds with % Incomplete command. The administrator cannot
remember the missing parameters. What can the administrator do to get the parameter
information?
18 When a switch receives a frame and the source MAC address is not found in the switching
table, what action will be taken by the switch to process the incoming frame?
A. The switch will request that the sending node resend the frame.
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B. The switch will issue an A R P request to confirm that the source exists.
C. The switch will map the source MAC address to the port on which it was received.
D. The switch ends an acknowledgement frame to the source MAC of this incoming frame.
19 Which statement is true about the command banner login Authorized personnel Only
issued on a switch?
20. When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit
respond after the back-off period has expired?
A. DRAM
B. NVRAM
C. ROM
D. Startup-config.text
22 Which statement is true when VTP is configured on a switched network that incorporates
VLANs?
23 A network administrator is replacing a failed switch with a switch that was previously on
the network. What precautionary step should the administrator take on the replacement
switch to avoid incorrect VLAN information from propagating through the network?
24 What does a client mode switch in a VTP management domain do when it receives a
summary advertisement with a revision number higher than its current revision number?
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A. Layer 2 broadcast
B. Layer 2 multicast
C. Layer 2 unicast
D. Layer 3 broadcast
E. Layer 3 multicast
F. Layer 3 unicast
27. What statement describes the default propagation of VLANs on a trunked link?
28 Switch port fa0/1 was manually configured as a trunk, but now it will be used to connect a
host to the network. How should the network administrator reconfigure switch port Fa0/1?
A. Disable DTP.
B. Delete any VLANs currently being trunked through port Fa0/1.
C. Administratively shut down and re-enable the interface to return it to default.
D. Enter the switch port mode access command in interface configuration mode.
29 What is a valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multiple switches?
A. Configuring inter switch connections, as trunks will cause all hosts on any VLAN to receive
broadcasts from the other VLANs.
B. A trunk connection is affected by broadcast storms on any particular VLAN that is carried by that
trunk.
C. Restricting trunk connections between switches to a single VLAN will improve efficiency of port
usage.
D. Carrying all required VLANs on a single access port will ensure proper traffic separation.
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31. Which access method does a wireless access point use to allow for multiple user
connectivity and distributed access?
A. CSMA/CD
B. Token passing
C. CSMA/CA
D. Polling
32. A network administrator is removing several VLANs from a switch. When the
administrator enters the no VLAN 1 command, an error is received. Why did this command
generate an error?
33. What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted?
34. What switch port modes will allow a switch to successfully form a trunking link if the
neighboring switch port is in dynamic desirable mode?
35. What must the network administrator do to remove Fast Ethernet port fa0/1 from VLAN 2
and assign it to VLAN 3?
A. Enter the no vlan 2 and the vlan 3 commands in global configuration mode.
B. Enter the switch port access vlan3 command in interface configuration mode.
C. Enter the switch port trunk native vlan 3 commands in interface configuration mode.
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D. Enter the no shutdown in interface configuration mode to return it to the default configuration and
then configure the port for VLAN 3.
36 Which statement or set of paired statements correctly compares STP with RSTP?
A. STP and RSTP have the same BPDU format and flag field information.
B. STP specifies backup ports. RSTP has only root ports, alternate ports, and designated ports.
C. STP port states are independent of port roles. RSTP ties together the port state and port role.
D. STP waits for the network to converge before placing ports into forwarding state. RSTP places
designated ports into forwarding state immediately.
37 How can a network administrator influence which STP switches become the root bridge?
A. Configure all the interfaces on the switch as the static root ports.
B. Change the BPDU to a lower value than that of the other switches in the network.
C. Assign a lower IP address to the switch than that of the other switches in the network.
D. Set the switch priority to a smaller value than that of the other switches in the network.
38 In which STP state does a port record MAC addresses but not forward user data?
A. Blocking
B. Learning
C. Disabling
D. Listening
E. Forwarding
39 When PVST+ was developed; the Bridge ID was modified to include which information?
A. Bridge priority
B. MAC address
C. Protocol
D. VLAN ID
40 What is the first step in the process of convergence in a spanning tree topology?