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Ostadan and White paper
Wu and Finn paper
Homework Assignment
2. Use the M-O method to estimate the factor of safety against sliding and
overturning for a gravity wall using the acceleration time history from the
previous homework assignment 3. (20 points)
The wall is a yielding wall retaining wall and is 4 m high and is 1 m thick at
the base and tapers to 0.6 m at the top. The retained backfill behind the is
flat (i.e., horizontal) and has a unit weight of 22 kN/m^3 with a drained
friction angle of 35 degrees and the backfill is unsaturated. Also, the base of
the wall rests on backfill material and is embedded 0.6 m in this material at
its base.
Summary Results
static dynamic
the base.
Rigid Case
horizontal
acceleration
vertical
acceleration
mass of wedge
weight of wedge
Q = total
inertial
force
T = period of
wave
Pae = static +s
ismic active
thrust
active
passive
Static case
kh and kv = 0
kv = 0
kv = 0.5 kh
Static case
kh and kv = 0
kv = 0
kv = 0.5 kh
The use of the low frequency (i.e., long period) amplitude is based on the
findings of the Lotung experiment site (see previous).
L = infinite
1. Perform seismic ground response analysis (using SHAKE) and obtain the
acceleration response spectrum at the base mat level in the free-field at 30%
damping.
m = 0.50 H2
3. Obtain the total seismic lateral force by multiplying the mass from Step 2 by the
spectral amplitude of the free-field response (Step 1) at the soil
column frequency.
F = m Sa
where Sa is the spectral acceleration at the base mat level for the free field at
the fundamental frequency of the soil column with 30 percent damping.
4. Calculate the max. lateral earth pressure (ground surface) by dividing the results
for step 3 by the area under the normal soil pressure curve (normalized area =
0.744 H)
5. Calculate the lateral pressure distribution verses depth by multiply the max.
lateral earth pressure by the p(y) function below.
where y is the normalized height (Y/H) measured from the base of the wall.
The method was verified by comparing the results of the simple computational
steps with the direct solution from SASSI.
The verification included 4 different wall heights, 6 different input time histories
and 4 different soil properties.
The method is very simple and only involves free-field (e.g. SHAKE) analysis and
a number of hand computational steps.
The method has been adopted by building code (NEHRP 2000) and will be
included in the next version of ASCE 4-98.
The Ostadan-White method is by no means a complete solution to the seismic
soil pressure problem. It is merely a step forward at this time.