AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

KHOA IN T
B MN: K THUT MY TNH

N MN HC
MN HC

H THNG NHNG

Nhm sinh vin : Nguyn Th Ha

Nguyn Vn Hp
Tng Quang Long
Lp : K43DDK .
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Vn Huy

Thi Nguyn 2011

B mn K thut my tnh 0
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

Thi Nguyn, Ngy Thng Nm 2011

Gio Vin hng dn
(K ghi r h tn)

Nhn xt ca gio vin chm

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

Thi Nguyn, Ngy Thng Nm 2011

Gio Vin hng dn
(K ghi r h tn)

MC LC
LI NI U......................................................................................................3
CHUNG 1: PHN TCH BI TON.............................................................4
1.1. Kho st v phn tch bi ton..............................................................4

B mn K thut my tnh 1
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
1.2. La chn gii php.................................................................................6
1.2.1 Gii php cng ngh........................................................................6
1.2.2 Gii php thit k............................................................................7
1.2.3 Cc yu cu......................................................................................7
1.2.4 Gii hn hn nh............................................................................7
CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG.............................................................8
2.1. S tng qut.......................................................................................8
2.2. S Callgraph......................................................................................9
2.3. S c t.............................................................................................9
2.4. Cc module trong h thng..................................................................10
2.4.1. Module khi ngun........................................................................10
2.4.2. Module cm bin............................................................................10
2.4.3. Module iu khin trung tm.......................................................11
2.4.4. Module tng tc iu khin (hin th).......................................12
2.4.5. Module chp hnh.........................................................................13
2.5. La chn linh kin................................................................................14
2.5.1. Vi iu khin PIC16F877A...........................................................14
2.5.2. Led hng ngoi...............................................................................21
2.5.3. Led 7 on......................................................................................23
2.5.4. Transistor.......................................................................................24
2.5.5. T in............................................................................................25
2.5.6. Rle.................................................................................................25
2.5.7. IC n p..........................................................................................26
2.6. S nguyn l ca mch...................................................................27
2.7. Thut ton iu khin..........................................................................27
CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG..........................................................31
3.1 Thit k phn cng...............................................................................31
3.2 Thit k phn mm...............................................................................31
3.3. Kt qu m phng................................................................................34
NH GI V KT LUN.............................................................................37
TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................................37

LI NI U

B mn K thut my tnh 2
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
Ngy nay, vic ng dng cho cc h thng nhng ngy cng tr nn ph
bin: t nhng ng dng n gin nh iu khin mt cht n giao thng nh
thi, m sn phm trong mt dy chuyn sn xut, iu khin tc ng c
in mt chiu, thit k mt bin qung co dng Led ma trn, mt ng h thi
gian thc.n cc ng dng phc tp nh h thng iu khin robot, b kim
sot trong nh my hoc h thng kim sot cc my nng lng ht nhn. Cc
h thng t ng trc y s dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau nh cc h
thng t ng hot ng bng nguyn l kh nn, thy lc, rle c in, mch
in t s, cc thit b my mc t ng bng cc cam cht c kh... cc thit b,
h thng ny c chc nng x l v mc t ng thp so vi cc h thng t
ng hin i c xy dng trn nn tng ca cc h thng nhng.
Vi mong mun gii thiu ng dng c bn ca h thng nhng trong i
sng hin i, nhm chng em a ra m hnh thit k h thng iu khin n
thng minh dng cho cc phng hp.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n mn hc, nhm chng em c gng thit k
sao cho m hnh l n gin nht, n nh nht; tuy nhin do vn thi gian v
kinh nghim nn m hnh vn cn gp phi nhng vn cha th khc phc
c.

Trn trng v chn thnh cm n!

Nhm thc hin ti:

Nguyn Th Ha
Nguyn Vn Hp
Tng Quang Long

CHUNG 1: PHN TCH BI TON

B mn K thut my tnh 3
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
1.1. Kho st v phn tch bi ton
Hin nay hu ht vic gim st v iu khin chiu sng trong cc phng
cng cng c iu khin bng tay thng qua ng m cc cng tc, cc
aptomat, cu dao.... iu ny kh thun li v n gin v ta c th bt tt n
theo nhu cu s dng. Tuy nhin, do l phng cng cng nn vic bt tt n hu
nh do ngi trc khu nh lm. V th h khng bit c chnh xc khi no
th c ngi ti v khi no th mi ngi ra ht khi phng hoc h bit
nhng v phi qun l nhiu phng nn h vn c in n ht ca trc, iu
ny gy lng ph in rt ln, c bit trong hon cnh nc ta ang thiu in
mt cch trm trng nh hin nay.
Trn th trng hin nay c mt s thit b bt tt n thng minh, nh
SmartLight do Hn Quc sn xut: c tch hp sensor cm ng hng ngoi
thn nhit, n s t ng c bt khi c ngi i vo vng cm ng v tt khi
khng c ngi.

Hnh 1.1: n thng minh Smartlight

SmartLight ph hp vi mi nhu cu chiu sng thng minh ca bn ti sn

cng, phng khch, phng ng, phng v sinh, cu thang, vn phng... gip bn
bt tt n hon ton t ng, mang li s an ton, tin nghi v tit kim in...
Tuy nhin thit b ny tch hp lun b iu khin vi n trong 1 sn phm. Do

B mn K thut my tnh 4
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
gi thnh cao v khng thch hp cho cc phng cn lng chiu sng ln,
khng thay i c loi bng n theo yu cu.
H thng gim st iu khin chiu sng s dng camera kt ni vi my
tnh kim sot s ngi trong phng, qua pht lnh ng m cc cng tc
t bt tt bng n.

Hnh 1.2: H thng camera gim st

H thng ny gip vic bt tt n ni lp t mt cch chnh xc, t ng

hoc bn t ng. Tuy nhin do s dng my tnh nn gi thnh ca h thng rt
cao, mt khc khng gii quyt c vn tit kim in. V th n thng ch
c s dng nhng ta nh cng ngh cao, nhng khu vc cn iu chnh
chiu sng khng phi v mc ch tit kim in nng.
H thng bt tt n t ng s dng cc IC s v mch Logic cho php ta
da vo lng ngi vo ra ng ngt cc cng tc mt cch t ng.

B mn K thut my tnh 5
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

Hnh 1.3: H thng bt tt n thng minh dng IC s

H thng ny c cu to n gin, r, khng phi lp trnh m ch da vo cc

mch Logic nhng tnh linh ng khng cao, kh chnh nh khi iu kin lm
vic thay i, t c kh nng nng cp m rng h thng.
Vi nhng phng hp cng cng, khi m lu lng ngi khng ln v c
th kim sot c vic m ngi qua ca th ta hon ton c th p dng h
thng n thng minh s dng Vi iu khin c lp trnh bt n khi c
ngi v tt khi khng c ngi. iu ny va tin li cho mi ngi: ng dng
cng ngh t ng ha vo cuc sng con ngi, m bo nh sng trong qu
trnh lm vic, ngi qun l th tn thi gian ng thi gp phn gii
quyt vn tit kim in nng trong thi k m nhu cu in tiu th vt
qu kh nng cung cp ca cc nh my in hin nay.

1.2. La chn gii php

1.2.1 Gii php cng ngh
Qua phn tch trn, nhm chng em a ra gii php xy dng h thng
iu khin n thng minh cho cc phng hp: iu khin bt tt n qua vic

B mn K thut my tnh 6
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
kim sot lng ngi ra vo phng. Thu nhn tn hiu ri x l tn hiu, khi c
ngi vo phng, nu n ang bt th vn bt, n cha bt th bt n ln; khi
mi ngi ra ht khi phng th tt n i. Trong qu trnh lm vic h thng
lun hin th s ngi cn ang trong phng tin cho vic kim tra, theo
di.
1.2.2 Gii php thit k
pht hin ngi ra ta dng 2 b thu pht hng ngoi mc gn nhau t
ca ra vo.
X l, iu khin dng vi iu khin Pic: lp trnh Pic nhn tn hiu
vo t 2 b Led hng ngoi, tnh ton x l a ra lnh bt tt n.
hin th ta dng Led 7 thanh: ly tn hiu ra t Pic thng bo xem
trong phng c bao nhiu ngi
iu khin tt/m bng n nh transistor cp dng cho r le.
1.2.3 Cc yu cu
H thng iu khin n thng minh ny p dng cho cc phng hp:
S lng ngi trong phng ti a khng qu 99 ngi.
Phng ch c mt ca ra vo.
mt thi im ch c 1 ngi qua ca.
Ca cao 2.5m, rng 2m.
C ngi i vo th bt n v i ra ht th tt n.
H thng c 2 ch lm vic t ng v bng tay.
Lm vic vi in p 220V/50Hz.
Sensor v cng ngh ty chn.
C kh nng nng cp, ci tin.
1.2.4 Gii hn hn nh
Lm vic c ban ngy ln ban m.
Thu nhn tn hiu lin tc khi c ngi ra vo.
Nhit mi trng: trong nh 100C n 400C.
H thng cp in mi t u.

B mn K thut my tnh 7
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG

2.1. S tng qut

H thng iu khin n thng minh gm c 5 khi chnh.

Khi ngun

Khi
Khi chp
Khi x hnh
cm l
bin Khi
hin
th

Hnh 2.1: S tng qut h thng bt tt n thng minh

Khi Ngun: Cung cp ngun cho h thng.

Khi Cm bin: S dng sensor hng ngoi dng thu nhn tn hiu
ngi vo ra phng, a tn hiu thu c vo chn Pic x l. nhn
bit ngi i vo hay i ra ta dng 2 b thu pht hng ngoi mc gn
nhau.
Khi X l: Dng VDK Pic 16F877A ly tn hiu t cm bin, tnh
ton, lu tr v a ra khi hin th v khi chp hnh.
Khi Hin th: Ly tn hiu ra t chn Pic hin th s lng ngi hin
ang trong phng trn Led 7 thanh.Khi Chp hnh: Nhn tn hiu t
khi x l thc hin ng ct tip im mch ng lc.

B mn K thut my tnh 8
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

2.2. S Callgraph

Chng trnh
iu khin
chnh

Module Module
X l X l
Cm bin Chng
trnh

Cm bin Chp hnh Hin th

Hnh 2.2: S Callgraph ca h thng bt tt n thng minh

2.3. S c t

Hin th Bt
S n
ngi C ngi

Ngi ra

Phn lng Khng ngi

ngi Tt n
trong Ngi vo
phng
Hnh 2.3: S c t ca h thng bt tt n thng minh

B mn K thut my tnh 9
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

2.4. Cc module trong h thng

2.4.1. Module khi ngun
Module ny to ra in p mt chiu t ngun xoay chiu 220V cung
cp cho cc linh kin trong h thng. S dng bin p bin in p xoay chiu
220V thnh in p xoay chiu 12V, dng chnh lu t 12V xoay chiu sang 12V
mt chiu, dng IC 7805 n p ly ra in p n nh 5V ng ra.
12V

L1 D io t c a u 7805

2
J2 U 4
1 1 4 1 3 V c c -5 V
- + IN O U T
220V~ 2

G N D
C 1 C 2
C C
3

2
B ie n a p

Hnh 2.4.: Module ngun cp

2.4.2. Module cm bin

B phn cm bin ca h thng s dng mch thu pht hng ngoi. Led
pht hng ngoi ni vi ngun 1 chiu qua in tr R1, R2: pht ra nh sng
hng ngoi truyn ti Led thu. Led thu hng ngoi c 3 chn: chn 3 v 1 ni vi
ngun qua R3, R4 v t, chn 2 ly tn hiu ra a vo chn Vi x l. trng
thi bnh thng, tn hiu hng ngoi truyn t khi pht c Led thu thu nhn,
trn u ra 2 tn hiu mc cao (mc 1); khi c ngi i ct qua khin Led thu
mt tn hiu, u ra 2 cho tn hiu mc thp (mc 0). c th phn bit c
l ngi i vo hay i ra ta mc 2 b Thu- Pht song song v t cnh nhau. Tn
hiu thu c t u ra ca 2 Led thu c a vo 2 chn Vi x l thc hin
qu trnh tnh ton, kim tra, lu tr

B mn K thut my tnh 10
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
V c c -5 V
V c c -5 V

R 2 R 1 R 4 R 3

U 1
LED TH U 1

3
D 1
LED PH AT 1 TH 1

VSS VC C
2
O U T

1
U 2 LED TH U 2

3
TH 2

VSS VC C
2
D 2 O U T
LED PH AT 2

1
Module pht Module thu

Hnh 2.5: Module thu pht hng ngoi

2.4.3. Module iu khin trung tm

Khi iu khin trung tm dng vi iu khin Pic 16F877A. Khi c tn
hiu ngt t b thu hng ngoi qua cc chn RB4 v RB5 ca cng B thi Vi iu
khin s kch hot ngt cng B t RB4>>RB7, qua thut ton np Pic thc
hin chng trnh iu khin a ti cc cng A, C, D tn hiu iu khin
khi hin th (Led 7 thanh) v khi chp hnh (module ng lc).
B to dao ng dng thch anh 20M cung cp ngn dao ng cho Pic
B Reset cp ngun 5V v xc lp trng thi ban u cho Pic.

B mn K thut my tnh 11
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
V c c -5 V

R 5
R ES

V1

C 3 C 5 BT
T13

Y 1
C 4 Z TB
T14

PVN 1
T13 13 33
T14 14 O S C 1 /C L K IN R B 0 /IN T 34
O S C 2 /C L K O U T R B1 35
R B2 36
Vout 2 R B 3 /P G M 37 TH 1
3 R A 0 /A N 0 R B4 38 TH 2
4 R A 1 /A N 1 R B5 39
5 R A 2 /A N 2 /V R E F -/C V R E F R B 6 /P G C 40
6 R A 3 /A N 3 /V R E F + R B 7 /P G D
7 R A 4 /T 0 C K I/C 1 O U T
R A 5 /A N 4 /S S * /C 2 O U T 15 S 1
8 R C 0 /T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I 16 S 2
9 R E 0 /R D * /A N 5 R C 1 /T 1 O S I/C C P 2 17 S 3
10 R E 1 /W R */A N 6 R C 2 /C C P 1 18 S 4
R E 2 /C S */A N 7 R C 3 /S C K /S C L 23 S 5
V1 1 R C 4 /S D I/S D A 24 S 6
M C L R */V P P R C 5 /S D O 25 S 7
R C 6 /T X/C K 26
R C 7 /R X/D T
19 L1
R D 0 /P S P 0 20 L2
R D 1 /P S P 1 21
11 R D 2 /P S P 2 22
12 VD D R D 3 /P S P 3 27
VSS R D 4 /P S P 4 28
31 R D 5 /P S P 5 29
32 VSS R D 6 /P S P 6 30
VD D P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A R D 7 /P S P 7

Hnh 2.6: Module iu khin trung tm

2.4.4. Module tng tc iu khin (hin th)

tin cho vic kim tra theo di s ngi hin ang trong phng, ta s
dng 2 Led 7 thanh mc chung Anot vi s ngi hin th ti a l 99 ngi. Tn
hiu iu khin t Vi x l a ra cng C bt tt cc thanh Led t 1 n
7( tch cc mc dng) tng ng vi cc con s t 0 n 9 cn hin th.

B mn K thut my tnh 12
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
hin th c hai Led ta dng thut ton qut Led vi tn hiu a ra t cng D
quyt nh Led 1 hay Led 2 c bt.

M P X 2 -C A
7SEG 1

D P
G
C
D
A
B

E
F

L1
L2
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

L1
L2
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Hnh 2.7 : Module hin th
2.4.5. Module chp hnh.
B phn chp hnh c Role ni vi thit b in. Vi x l sau khi x l tn
hiu s gi lnh iu khin ng m Transistor cp ngun cho cun dy ca
Role (dng hoc p). n in c ni vi ngun 220V xoay chiu qua tip
im ca Role, khi Role tc ng th n bt ln v ngc li n tt khi Role
thi tc ng. m bo cho h thng c th lm vic c hai ch bng tay
v t ng ta dng cng tc 3 v tr: v tr 1 l ch lm vic t ng, cn v
tr 2 v 3 tng ng vi tt/ bt n.

B mn K thut my tnh 13
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
J1
220V~

1
2
V c c -5 V

SW 1

D 3
DEN
D io t

R 3 R ES
Vout Q 1
N PN

2
1

3
LS1
R ELAY
R 4
R ES

5
Hnh 2.8 : Module chp hnh ca h thng bt tt n thng minh
2.5.La chn linh kin.
2.5.1. Vi iu khin PIC16F877A
a. S chn vi iu khin PIC 16F877A

B mn K thut my tnh 14
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
Hnh 2.9: S chn PIC 16F877A

b. Mt vi thng s v vi iu khin PIC 16F877A

y l vi iu khin thuc h PIC16Fxxx vi tp lnh gm 35 lnh c
di 14 bit. Mi lnh u c thc thi trong mt chu k xung clock. Tc hot
ng ti a cho php l 20 MHz vi mt chu k lnh l 200ns. B nh chng
trnh 8Kx14 bit, b nh d liu 368x8 byte RAM v b nh d liu EEPROM
vi dung lng 256x8 byte. S PORT I/O l 5 vi 33 pin I/O. Cc c tnh ngoi
vi bao gm cc khi chc nng sau:
Timer0: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s 8 bit.
Timer1: b m 16 bit vi b chia tn s, c th thc hin chc nng m da
vo xung clock ngoi vi ngay khi vi iu khin hot ng ch sleep.
Timer2: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s, b postcaler. Hai b Capture/so snh/iu
ch rng xung.
Cc chun giao tip ni tip SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI v I2C. Chun
giao tip ni tip USART vi 9 bit a ch.
Cng giao tip song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port) vi cc chn iu khin RD, WR, CS
bn ngoi.
Cc c tnh Analog: 8 knh chuyn i ADC 10 bit. Hai b so snh.
B nh flash vi kh nng ghi xa c 100.000 ln. B nh EEPROM vi kh
nng ghi xa c 1.000.000 ln. D liu b nh EEPROM c th lu tr trn 40
nm. Kh nng t np chng trnh vi s iu khin ca phn mm. Np c
chng trnh ngay trn mch in ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) thng
qua 2 chn. Watchdog Timer vi b dao ng trong. Chc nng bo mt m
chng trnh. Ch Sleep. C th hot ng vi nhiu dng Oscillator khc
nhau.

B mn K thut my tnh 15
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
c. S khi vi iu khin PIC 16F877A

Hnh 2.10 : S khi vi iu khin PIC16F877A

d. T chc b nh
Cu trc b nh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A bao gm b nh chng
trnh (program memory) v b nh d liu (data memory) .
B nh chng trnh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A l b nh flash ,
dung lng b nh 8k word (1 word= 14bit) v c phn thnh nhiu trang (t

B mn K thut my tnh 16
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
page 0 n page 3) .Nh vy b nh chng trinh c kh nng cha c
8*1024 =8192 lnh (v mt lnh sau khi m ha s c dung lng 1 word (14
bit). m ha c a ch ca 8k word b nh chng trnh , b m chng
trnh c dung lng 13 bit (PC<12:0>) . Khi vi iu khin reset , b m chng
trnh s ch n a ch 0000h (reset vector). Khi c ngt xy ra , b m chng
trnh s ch n a ch 0004h (interrupt vector). B nh chng trnh khng bao
gm b nh stack s c cp c th trong phn sau.
B nh d liu ca PIC l b nh EEPROM c chia ra lm
nhiu bank. i vi PIC16F877A b nh d liu c chia ra lm 4 bank.
Mi bank c dung lng 128 byte, bao gm cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit
SFG (Special Function Register) nm cc vng a ch thp v cc thanh ghi
mc ch chung GPR (General Purpose Pegister) nm vng a ch cn li
trong bank. Cc thanh ghi SFR thng xuyn c s dng (v d nh thanh ghi
STATUS) s c t tt c cc bank ca b nh d liu gip thun tin trong
qu trnh truy xut v lm gim bt lnh ca chng trnh.
Stack khng nm trong b nh chng trnh hay b nh d liu m l mt
vng nh c bit khng cho php c hay ghi. Khi lnh CALL c thc hin
hay khi mt ngt xy ra lm chng trnh b r nhnh, gi tr ca b m chng
trnh PC t ng c vi iu khin ct vo trong stack. Khi mt trong cc lnh
RETURN, RETLW hat RETFIE c thc thi, gi tr PC s t ng c ly ra
t trong stack, vi iu khin s thc hin tip chng trnh theo ng qui trnh
nh trc.
B nh Stack trong vi iu khin PIC h 16F87xA c kh nng cha c
8 a ch v hot ng theo c ch xoay vng. Ngha l gi tr ct vo b nh
Stack ln th 9 s ghi ln gi tr ct vo Stack ln u tin v gi tr ct vo
b nh Stack ln th 10 s ghi ln gi tr 6 ct vo Stack ln th 2. Cn ch
l khng c c hiu no cho bit trng thi stack, do ta khng bit c khi
no stack trn. Bn cnh tp lnh ca vi iu khin dng PIC cng khng c
lnh POP hay PUSH, cc thao tc vi b nh stack s hon ton c iu khin
bi CPU.

B mn K thut my tnh 17
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
e. Cc cng xut nhp ca PIC16F877A
Cng xut nhp (I/O port) chnh l phng tin m vi iu khin dng
tng tc vi th gii bn ngoi. S tng tc ny rt a dng v thng qua qu
trnh tng tc , chc nng ca vi iu khin c th hin mt cch r rng.
Mt cng xut nhp ca vi iu khin bao gm nhiu chn (I/O pin), ty
theo cch b tr v chc nng ca vi iu khin m s lng cng xut nhp v
s lng chn trong mi cng c th khc nhau. Bn cnh , do vi iu khin
c tch hp sn bn trong cc c tnh giao tip ngoi vi nn bn cnh chc
nng l cng xut nhp thng thng, mt s chn xut nhp cn c thm cc
chc nng khc th hin s tc ng ca cc c tnh ngoi vi nu trn i
vi th gii bn ngoi. Chc nng ca tng chn xut nhp trong mi cng hon
ton c th c xc lp v iu khin c thng qua cc thanh ghi SFR lin
quan n chn xut nhp .
Port A
Port A (RPA) bao gm 6 I/O pin. y l cc chn hai chiu
(bidirectional pin), ngha l c th xut v nhp c. Chc nng I/O ny c
iu khin bi thanh ghi TRISA (a ch 85h). Mun xc lp chc nng ca mt
chn trong PortA l input, ta set bit iu khin tng ng vi chn trong
thanh ghi TRISA v ngc li, mun xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong Port
A l output, ta clear bit iu khin tng ng vi chn trong thanh ghi
TRISA. Thao tc ny hon ton tng t i vi cc PORT cn li. Bn cnh
Port A cn l ng ra ca b ADC, b so snh, ng vo analog ng vo xung
clock ca Timer0 v ng vo ca b giao tip MSSP (Master Synchronous
Serial Port).
Cc thanh ghi SFR lin quan n Port A bao gm:
Port A (a ch 05h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong
Port A. TRISA (a ch 85h) : iu khin xut nhp.
CMCON (a ch 9Ch) : thanh ghi iu khin b so snh.
CVRCON (a ch 9Dh) : thanh ghi iu khin b so snh in p.
ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh) : thanh ghi iu khin b ADC.
Port B

B mn K thut my tnh 18
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
Port B (RPB) gm 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng
l TRISB. Bn cnh mt s chn ca Port B cn c s dng trong qu
trnh np chng trnh cho vi iu khin vi cc ch np khc nhau. Port B
cn lin quan n ngt ngoi vi v b Timer0. Port B cn c tch hp chc
nng in tr ko ln c iu khin bi chng trnh.
Cc thanh ghi SFR lin quan n Port B bao gm:
Port B (a ch 06h,106h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong
Port B TRISB (a ch 86h,186h) : iu khin xut nhp
OPTION_REG(a ch 81h,181h): iu khin ngt ngoi vi v b Timer0
Port C
PortC (RPC) gm 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISC. Bn cnh Port C cn cha cc chn chc nng ca b so snh, b
Timer1, b PWM v cc chun giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
Cc thanh ghi iu khin lin quan n Port C:
Port C (a ch 07h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong
Port C TRISC (a ch 87h) : iu khin xut nhp.
Port D
Port D (RPD) gm 8 chn I/O, thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng
l TRISD. Port D cn l cng xut d liu ca chun giao tip PSP (Parallel
Slave Port).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port D bao gm:
Thanh ghi Port D : cha gi tr cc pin trong Port D.
Thanh ghi TRISD : iu khin xut nhp.
Thanh ghi TRISE : iu khin xut nhp Port E v chun giao tip PSP.
Port E
Port E (RPE) gm 3 chn I/O. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng
l TRISE. Cc chn ca PortE c ng vo analog. Bn cnh Port E cn l cc
chn iu khin ca chun giao tip PSP.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port E bao gm:
Port E : cha gi tr cc chn trong PortE.
TRISE : iu khin xut nhp v xc lp cc thng s cho chun giao tip

B mn K thut my tnh 19
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
PSP
ADCON1: thanh ghi iu khin khi ADC.
f. Ngt (Interrupt)
PIC16F877A c n 15 ngun to ra hot ng ngt c iu khin bi
thanh ghi INTCON (bit GIE). Bn cnh mi ngt cn c mt bit iu khin
v c ngt ring. Cc c ngt vn c set bnh thng khi tha mn iu kin
ngt xy ra bt chp trng thi ca bit GIE, tuy nhin hot ng ngt vn ph
thuc vo bit GIE v cc bit iu khin khc. Bit iu khin ngt RB0/INT v
TMR0 nm trong thanh ghi INTCON, thanh ghi ny cn cha bit cho php cc
ngt ngoi vi PEIE. Bit iu khin cc ngt nm trong thanh ghi PIE1 v PIE2.
C ngt ca cc ngt nm trong thanh ghi PIR1 v PIR2.
Trong mt thi im ch c mt chng trnh ngt c thc thi, chng
trnh ngt c kt thc bng lnh RETFIE. Khi chng trnh ngt c thc
thi, bit GIE t ng c xa, a ch lnh tip theo ca chng trnh chnh
c ct vo trong b nh Stack v b m chng trnh s ch n a ch
0004h. Lnh RETFIE c dng thot khi chng trnh ngt v quay tr v
chng trnh chnh, ng thi bit GIE cng s c set cho php cc ngt
hot ng tr li. Cc c hiu c dng kim tra ngt no ang xy ra v
phi c xa bng chng trnh trc khi cho php ngt tip tc hot ng tr
li ta c th pht hin c thi im tip theo m ngt xy ra.
i vi cc ngt ngoi vi nh ngt t chn INT hay ngt t s thay i
trng thi cc pin ca PORTB (PORTB Interrupt on change), vic xc nh ngt
no xy ra cn 3 hoc 4 chu k lnh ty thuc vo thi im xy ra ngt.
Cn ch l trong qu trnh thc thi ngt, ch c gi tr ca b m
chng trnh c ct vo trong Stack, trong khi mt s thanh ghi quan trng s
khng c ct v c th b thay i gi tr trong qu trnh thc thi chng trnh
ngt. iu ny nn c x l bng chng trnh trnh hin tng trn xy
ra.
Ngt INT
Ngt ny da trn s thay i trng thi ca pin RB0/INT. Cnh tc ng
gy ra ngt c th l cnh ln hay cnh xung v c iu khin bi bit

B mn K thut my tnh 20
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
INTEDG (thanh ghi OPTION_ REG <6>). Khi c cnh tc ng thch hp xut
hin ti pin RB0/INT, c ngt INTF c set bt chp trng thi cc bit iu
khin GIE v PEIE. Ngt ny c kh nng nh thc vi iu khin t ch
sleep nu bit cho php ngt c set trc khi lnh SLEEP c thc thi.
Ngt do s thay t trng thi cc PIN trong Port B
Cc pin PORTB<7:4> c dng cho ngt ny v c iu khin bi bit
RBIE (thanh ghi INTCON<4>). C ngt ca ngt ny l bit RBIF
(INTCON<0>).

2.5.2. Led Hng Ngoi

a. Led pht
Diode quang thng c ch to bng gecmani v silic . Hnh 4 trnh
by cu to ca diode quang ch to bng silic .dng lm b ch th tia ln cn
bc x hng ngoi.

Hnh 2.11: Cu to diode hng ngoi

Nguyn l

-
+
P R P R
t N t
N

Hnh 2.12: Nguyn l lm vic ca diode quang

B mn K thut my tnh 21
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
Led hng ngoi c th lm vic hai ch : ch bin i quang in
v ch ngun quang in.
Nguyn l trong ch bin i quang in: Lp p c mc vo cc m
ca ngun in, lp n mc vo cc dng. Phn cc ngc nn khi cha chiu
sang ch c dng in nh b chy qua ng vi dng in ngc (cn gi l
dng in ti). Khi c quang thng dng in qua mi ni p-n tng ln gi l
dng in sng.
Nguyn l lm vic ca diode trong ch ngun pht quang in( pin
mt tri): Khi quang thng , cc in tch trn mi ni p-n c gii phng to ra
sc in ng trn 2 cc ca diode, do lm xut hin dng in chy trong
mch. Tr s sc in ng xut hin trong ngun pht quang in ph thuc vo
loi ngun pht v tr s ca quang thng.
b. Led thu
Cu to

Hnh 2.13: Cu to led thu

Nguyn l
Gi s iu kin phn cc cho IC hon chnh ,khi IC nhn tn hiu iu
khin t diode pht quang, mch khuch i OP-amp ca ca IC s bin i
dng in thu c t diode ra in p( in p ny c khuch i). Tn hiu
in p c a n Smith triger to xung vung, xung ny c nhim v
kch transistor ng ra hot ng, lc ng ra chn s 2 ca IC mc thp, tn

B mn K thut my tnh 22
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
hiu ng ra tc ng mc 0, c th c dng iu khin gin tip mt ti
no . Khi ngn nh sng chiu vo th ngc li khng hot ng dn dng.

2.5.3. Led 7 on
a. Cc khi nim c bn
Trong cc thit b, bo trng thi hot ng ca thit b cho ngi s
dng vi thng s ch l cc dy s n thun, thng ngi ta s dng Led 7
on . Led 7 on c s dng khi cc thng s khng i hi qu phc tp,
ch cn hin th s l , chng hn Led 7 on c s dng hin th nhit
phng, trong cc ng h trong cc ng h treo tng bng in t, hin th s
lng sn phm c kim tra sau mt cng on no .
b. S v tr cc Led :
Cc in tr 330 l cc in tr bn ngoi c kt ni gii hn dng
in qua Led nu Led 7 on c ni vi ngun 5V.

Hnh 2.14: S chn 7 SEG-COM-ANODE v hnh nh minh ha

c. Kt ni vi Vi iu khin:
Ng nhn tn hiu iu khin ca Led 7 on c 8 ng, v vy c th
dng 1 Port no ca Vi iu khin iu khin Led 7 on. Nh vy Led 7
on nhn mt d liu 8 bit t Vi iu khin iu khin hot ng sng tt ca
tng Led n trong n, d liu c xut ra iu khin Led 7 on thng c

B mn K thut my tnh 23
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
gi l "m hin th Led 7 on". C hai kiu m hin th Led 7 on: m dnh
cho Led 7 on c Anode(cc +) chung v m dnh cho Led 7 on c
Cathode(cc -) chung. Chng hn, hin th s 1 cn lm cho cc Led v tr b
v c sng, nu s dng Led 7 on c Anode chung th phi t vo hai chn b
v c in p l 0V(mc 0) cc chn cn li c t in p l 5V(mc 1), nu
s dng Led 7 on c Cathode chung th in p(hay mc logic) hon ton
ngc li, tc l phi t vo chn b v c in p l 5V(mc 1).
Phn cng c kt ni vi 1 Port bt k ca Vi iu khin, thun tin
cho vic x l v sau phn cng nn c kt ni nh sau: Px.0 ni vi chn a,
Px.1 ni vi chn b, ln lt theo th t cho n Px.7 ni vi chn h.

2.5.4. Transistor
a. nh ngha
Transistor c hnh thnh t ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai
mi tip gip P-N ,nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun , nu ghp
theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to Transistor
tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau. Cu trc ny c gi l
Bipolar Junction Transitor (BJT) v dng in chy trong cu trc ny bao gm
c hai loi in tch m v dng (Bipolar ngha l hai cc tnh). Ba lp bn dn
c ni ra thnh ba cc, lp gia gi l cc gc k hiu l B (Base), lp bn
dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht thp. Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni
ra thnh cc pht (Emitter) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp (Collector) vit
tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P ) nhng c kch
thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho nhau c.

Hnh 2.15: Hnh nh transistor

B mn K thut my tnh 24
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
b. Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transitor:
Trong ch tuyn tnh hay cn gi l ch khuych i, Transitor l
phn t khuych i dng in vi dng Ic bng ln dng bazo (dng iu
khin ) Trong l h s khuych i dng in : IC = .IB

2.5.5. T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc
mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch
truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.

Hnh 2.16: Mt s loi t in

2.5.6. Rle
Rle l mt cng tc iu khin t xa n gin, n dng mt dng nh
iu khin mt dng ln v vy n c dng bo v cng tc nn cng c
xem l mt thit b bo v. Mt rle in hnh iu khin mch v c iu khin
ngun. Kt cu rle gm c mt li st ,mt cun t v mt tip im.

Hnh 2.17: Cu to mt R le n gin v hnh nh Role 5V

B mn K thut my tnh 25
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
2.5.7. IC n p
7805 l mt mch tch hp b iu chnh in p. y l mt dng IC ca h 78xx
iu chnh in p tuyn tnh c nh. Ngun in p trong mch c th c bin ng v
s khng cho lng in p c nh. Cc vi mch iu chnh in p duy tr in p u ra
ti mt gi tr khng i. Cc xx trong 78xx cho bit lng in p c nh n c thit
k cung cp: 7805 cung cp ngun +5 V...

Hnh 2.18: IC n p 7805

B mn K thut my tnh 26
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
2.6.S nguyn l ca mch.
Cc module c kt ni vi nhau theo s hnh v.

V c c -5 V 7SEG 1 M P X2 -C A
C 3
T13
R 5
R ES
Y 1
Z TB V1
C 4
T14 C 5 BT
V c c -5 V V c c -5 V

D P
G
C
D
A
B

E
F

L1
L2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
2
3

6
1

4
5

L1
L2
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
J1
220V~
R 4 R 3
R 2 R 1 PVN 1
T13

1
2
13 3 3
U 1 T14 14 O S C 1 /C L K IN R B 0 /IN T 3 4
LE D TH U 1 O S C 2 /C L K O U T R B1 3 5
R B2 3 6
3

D 1 Vout 2 R B 3 /P G M 3 7 TH 1 V c c -5 V
R A 0 /A N 0 R B4
VSS VC C

LED PH AT 1 2 TH 1 3 3 8 TH 2
O U T 4 R A 1 /A N 1 R B5 3 9
5 R A 2 /A N 2 /V R E F -/C V R E F R B 6 /P G C 4 0
6 R A 3 /A N 3 /V R E F + R B 7 /P G D SW 1
7 R A 4 /T 0 C K I/C 1 O U T
R A 5 /A N 4 /S S */C 2 O U T S 1
1

1 5 D 3
8 R C 0 /T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I 1 6 S 2 DEN
9 R E 0 /R D */A N 5 R C 1 /T 1 O S I/C C P 2 1 7 S 3 D io t
10 R E 1 /W R */A N 6 R C 2 /C C P 1 1 8 S 4
R E 2 /C S */A N 7 R C 3 /S C K /S C L 2 3 S 5
V1 1 R C 4 /S D I/S D A 2 4 S 6
MC L R * /V P P R C 5 /S D O 2 5 S 7
R C 6 /T X/C K 2 6 R 3 R ES
R C 7 /R X /D T Vout Q 1
U 2 LE D TH U 2 1 9 L1 N PN

2
1

3
R D 0 /P S P 0 2 0 L2 LS1
3

R D 1 /P S P 1 2 1
R D 2 /P S P 2 R ELAY
VSS VC C

D 2 2 TH 2 11 2 2 R 4
O U T VD D R D 3 /P S P 3 R ES

5
LED PH AT 2 12 2 7
VSS R D 4 /P S P 4 2 8
31 R D 5 /P S P 5 2 9
32 VSS R D 6 /P S P 6 3 0
VD D R D 7 /P S P 7
1

P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A

12V
L1 D io t c a u 7805
2

J2 U 4
1 1 4 1 3 V c c -5 V
- + IN O U T
220V~ 2
G N D

C 1 C 2
C C
3

B ie n a p

Hnh 3.1 S mch nguyn l

2.7.Thut ton iu khin.

Chng trnh c nhim v:
Kim tra xem ngi i vo phng hay i ra khi phng
Vi iu khin thc hin ngt cng B chung trnh iu khin thc hin
Gii thut:
Chng trnh iu khin c thc hin da trn ngt INTERRUPT ca
vi iu khin. Chng trnh chnh hon ton khng tham gia vo vic thc hin
iu khin, chng trnh chnh c chc nng duy nht l thc hin ngt mch

B mn K thut my tnh 27
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
cho cng B thc hin iu khin. Cc cng B c thc hin ngt l t B4
->B7.
u tin ta b tr 2 b thu pht hng ngoi gn nhau theo phng to thnh
mt phng song song vi mt t, b thu pht u tin ni vi cng B4 ca vi x
l, b thu pht th 2 ni ti cng B5 ca vi x l.
Khi c ngi i qua, bit c ngi i vo hay ra khi phng. Ta
cn xem xt xem tn hiu b thu pht th nht b gin on trc hay tn hiu
ca b thu pht hng ngoi th 2. Nu m tn hiu b thu pht th nht b gin
on trc th c ngha l ngi i vo phng, nu tn hiu b thu pht th 2
b gin on trc th c ngha l ngi i ra khi phng. Vi x l ( c th l
chng trnh chnh ) s thc hin ngt cng B thc hin on chng trnh.

B mn K thut my tnh 28
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
S thut ton
Star Trong :
t B4=input_pin(B4):
Hnh 3.2: S thut tontn hiu t Led thu 1
B5=input_pin(B5):tn hiu t Led thu 2
Khi to S ng: s lng ngi ang trong phng
Chng trnh np vo Vi iu khin Pic 16F877A
vit Ngt t
chng trnh B4->B7
iu khin ta s dng ngn ng C vit trn phn
Chng
Tng s
mm CCS v trnh
chy m phng trong Proteus. Chng trnh gm cc chng trnh
B4=0 ngi ln 1
con Bt ttchnh
n void den(ng), chng trnh con Hin th Led void led(ng),
chng trnh con m ngi vo intSdauvao(), chng trnh con m ngi ra
int daura(), chng trnh con Ngt thay i trng S thi cc chn B4->B7 v
S ng>
chng trnh Chnh. =1
Hin th
Cc hng s v bin trong chng trnh : Mng LED7[10] gm 10 phn
s ngi
t, mi phn t tng ng vi 1 con s t 0 n 9 m Led 7Bt on
ins hin th.
Bin chy i dng cho Ngtvng
t B4->B7
lp qut Led. Bin ng biu th cho s ngi
ang trong phng. BinSL1, L2 hin th cc Led7 on 1 v 2 tng ng
B5=0
vi ch s hng chc v hng n v ca s ngi trong phng. Bin vao, ra
thu nhn tn hiu t u ra ca hai Led thu 1 v 2 : bnh thng vao=ra=1, khi

c ngi ct qua b thu pht 1 th vao=0, qua b thu pht 2 thGim ra=0.
s Hai bin
x v y xc nhn xem c tn S hiung i qua 2
b thu phtngi i 1 trong
hay khng
mt lt ngi vo hoc ra: ban u>0x=y=0, khi ngi ct qua Led thu 1 th
x=1 ; khi ngi ct qua Led thu 2 th S y=1 ; khi ngi i qua c 2 b thu pht
1,2 th ci t li : x=y=0 v chun b cho 1 lt mi.
Chng trnh s dng ngt thay i trng thi cng B : khi c bt k s
thay i trng thi no trn cc chn S ng
B4-> B7 ca cng B th chng trnh s
=0
sinh ra ngt. Trong bi ny, ty vo tn hiu thu c cc cng B4 v B5
chng trnh ngt s gi cc chng Tttrnh
in con dauvao hay l chng trnh con
daura. Chng trnh ngt s tr v gi tr l s ngi trong phng ng.
Chng trnh chnh c vng lp v hn gip h thng c th lm vic lin
tc, t gi tr ng c tr v t chng trnh ngt, chng trnh chnh s gi cc
hm den(ng) v Led(ng) thc hin vic ng ct in v hin th.

B mn K thut my tnh 29
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG

3.1 Thit k phn cng

Vi n mn hc H thng nhng vi ti l H thng bt tt n
thng minh dng cho cc phng hp, vic thit k phn cng ca mch h
thng c th c chia lm 5 khi c bn l :
- Khi ngun
- Khi cm bin hng ngoi
- Khi hin th
- Khi rle chp hnh
- Khi iu khin

3.2 Thit k phn mm

M lp trnh :

#include<16f877A.h> //thu vien cho Pic

#use delay(clock=20M) // khai bao su dung tre
int8 const
LED7[10]={0xC0,0xF9,0xA4,0xB0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xF8,0x80,0x90};
//mang hien thi cac so tu 0 den 9
long i,L1,L2,ng,x,y,vao,ra; //khai bao cac bien
//============================================//
void den(ng){
if (ng==0) output_a(0); //xuat ra cong a gia tri 0 : tat den
else output_a(1); //xuat ra cong a gia tri 1 : bat den
}
//============================================//

B mn K thut my tnh 30
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
void led(ng){
L1=(ng/ 1) % 10; // Lay so hang don vi
L2=(ng/ 10) % 10; // Lay so hang chuc
for(i=0;i<100;i++){
output_c(LED7[L2]); output_d(1); delay_ms(1); output_d(0);
// dua ma so hang chuc ra cong C, bat LED 1, tre 1ms roi tat
output_c(LED7[L1]); output_d(2); delay_ms(1); output_d(0);
// dua ma so hang don vi ra cong C, bat LED 2, tre 1ms roi tat
}
}
//============================================//
int dauvao(){ //ctr con dau vao
if ((x==0)&&(y==0)){ //neu bat dau di vao thi thuc hien
x=1; //ghi nhan da qua senso 1
if (ng!=99) ng++; //neu so nguoi con nho hon 99 thi dem tang
}
else if ((x==0)&&(y==1)){ //neu la cuoi cua qua trinh di ra
x=1; //ghi nhan da qua senso 1
}
}
//============================================//
int daura(){ //ctr con dau ra
if ((x==0)&&(y==0)){ //neu bat dau di ra va con nguoi trong phong
y=1; //ghi nhan da qua senso 2
if (ng!=0) ng--; //neu so nguoi con lon hon 0 thi dem giam
}
else if((x==1)&&(y==0)){ //neu la cuoi cua qua trinh vao
y=1; //ghi nhan da qua senso 2
}
}
//============================================//

B mn K thut my tnh 31
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
#INT_rb //khai bao ngat thay doi trang thai cong B

long vaora(){ //ctr ngat cong B

vao=input(pin_b4); //gan bien vao doc du lieu vao chan B4 tu senso 1
ra=input(pin_b5); //gan bien vao doc du lieu vao chan B5 tu senso 2
if (vao==0) dauvao(); //neu co tin hieu vao thi cho chay ctr con dau vao
else if (ra==0) daura(); //neu co tin hieu ra thi cho chay ctr con dau ra
if ((x==1)&&(y==1)&&(vao==1)&&(ra==1)){
//khi ca 2 sense deu da co tin hieu thi cai dat lai
x=0;
y=0;
}
return ng;
}
//============================================//
void main(){
x=y=0; ng=0; //Gan cac gia tri ban dau
set_tris_a(0); //Cong A la cong ra
set_tris_b(0xff); //Cong B la cong vao
set_tris_c(0); //Cong C la cong ra
set_tris_d(0); //Cong D la cong ra

enable_interrupts(INT_rb); //cho phep ngat ngoai dem vach

enable_interrupts(GLOBAL); //cho phep ngat toan cuc

while (1){ //lien tuc kiem tra senso va dieu khien den
led(ng); //goi ham hien thi den led
den(ng); //goi ham bat tat den
}
}

B mn K thut my tnh 32
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

3.3. Kt qu m phng.
Khi cha c ngi no trong phng, cng tc 3 v tr t v tr 1- Bt
tt n theo ch t ng : Led 7 thanh hin th s ngi trong phng l
00, r le cha tc ng, n cha sng.

Hnh 3.1 : Trng thi ban u ca h thng

Khi c ngi vo phng, senso 1 c tn hiu trc, Led 7 thanh hin th s
ngi trong phng l 01, r le tc ng, n c bt.

B mn K thut my tnh 33
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

Hnh 3.2 : Khi c ngi vo phng

Khi c thm ngi vo phng, senso 1 li c tn hiu trc, Led 7 thanh

hin th s ngi trong phng l 02, r le vn tc ng, n vn sng.

Hnh 3.3 : Khi c thm ngi vo phng

Khi c ngi ra khi phng, senso 2 c tn hiu trc, Led 7 thanh hin th
s ngi trong phng l 01, r le vn tc ng, n vn sng.

B mn K thut my tnh 34
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

Hnh 3.4 : Khi c ngi ra khi phng

Khi ang c ngi trong phng, Led 7 thanh hin th s ngi trong phng
l 01, r le ang tc ng, n ang sng, mun tt n ta gt cng tc
sang v tr s 2 : n tt.

Hnh 3.5 : Khng ch tt n khi ang c ngi

B mn K thut my tnh 35
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy

Khi khng c ngi trong phng, Led 7 thanh hin th s ngi trong
phng l 00, r le cha tc ng, n cha sng ; mun bt n ta gt cng
tc sang v tr s 3, n sng.

Hnh 3.1 : Khng ch bt n khi khng c ngi

NH GI V KT LUN

H thng bt tt n thng minh dnh cho cc phng hp s dng thu pht

hng ngoi v vi x l Pic c bn p ng c yu cu mn hc. H thng hot
ng tng i n nh v c kh nng nng cp ci tin hoc dng cho cc mc
ch khc : chiu sng cu thang, hnh lang, chng trm...
Tuy nhin, h thng vn cn nhng khuyt im cha th khc phc c:
khi c hn 1 ngi i vo (ra) song song vi nhau th vn ch nhn bit c 1
ngi. Hay nhng trng hp ngi i cha vo hn quay ra hoc cha ra
hn tr vo th h thng s b li.
h thng ny ng dng c trong thc tin th cn nhiu vn cn
gii quyt : cc li nhn bit k trn, chng nhiu cho Sensor, m bo kh nng
ng ct ngun xoay chiu 220V hoc cao hn... Nu gii quyt c nhng vn
ny th kh nng ng dng ca h thng l rt ln ph hp vi yu cu t

B mn K thut my tnh 36
AMH H thng nhng GVHD Nguyn Vn Huy
ng ngy cng cao ca i sng cng nh vic tit kim in trong hon cnh
thiu in hin nay.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Bi ging H thng nhng B mn K thut My tnh, H K thut Cng

Nghip Thi Nguyn 2010
Bi ging Vi x l- Vi iu khin B mn K thut My tnh H K
thut Cng Nghip Thi Nguyn 2009
S chn linh kin - Dng Minh Tr - Nh xut bn KH-KT- 09/2005
Mt s ti liu khc trn mng:
dientuvietnam.net
picvietnam.com
sites.google.com/site/ktmttn
picat.dieukhien.net

B mn K thut my tnh 37