Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Uc Preparation of Reagents
Uc Preparation of Reagents
specified demonstrations
Safety note
It is essential to be familiar with the hazards associated with the particular chemicals
used to make up each of the solutions needed. The following Department of
Education and Science publications are particularly useful;
Safety in School Science (second edition 2002)
Safety in the School Laboratory (second edition 2002).
Another very useful resource in this regard is the Chemistry Mandatory Experiments
CD-ROM produced by the Leaving Certificate Chemistry Support Service, under the
auspices of the Physical Science Initiative.
1
Preparation of reagents
Chapter 1
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Bromine solution:
In a fume-cupboard, shake 0.5 cm3 bromine with 100 cm3 water. Store in a tightly
stoppered brown bottle.
2
Iodine solution:
Dissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 500 cm3 of water. Add about 10 g of iodine
crystals, dissolve and make up to 1 litre with water.
3
Barium chloride solution (approximately 0.2 M):
Dissolve about 40 g barium chloride in water, and make up to 1 litre with water.
4
Chapter 6
Part (a)
Limewater:
Add about 200 g of calcium hydroxide to 2.5 litres of water. Shake vigorously at
intervals over a period of time and finally allow to settle. Decant off the clear
limewater solution from above the undissolved solids. Top up the container with water
and repeat the process.
Part (b)
5
Sodium sulfite solution (approximately 0.5 M):
Dissolve 126 g of hydrated sodium sulfite (Na2SO4 .10H2O) in enough water to make
1 litre of solution.
Part (c)
Part (d)
6
Part (e)
Chapter 8
7
Page 128 specified demonstration
All necessary reagents can be used as purchased.
Chapter 11
8
Page 194 mandatory experiment
0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution:
Use ampoules of 1 M HCl and dilute 10 cm3 to 100 cm3 with deionised water.
Chapter 12
9
Dilute sulfuric acid (approximately 1.5 M):
Add 85 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid slowly to about 700 cm3 of deionised water
containing about 20 ice cubes. Stir the mixture, and make up the volume with water to
1 litre in a volumetric flask. Stopper the volumetric flask and invert several times.
10
Page 221 mandatory experiment
0.02 M potassium iodate solution:
Add 4.28 g potassium iodate to about 600 cm3 water in a beaker, and stir to dissolve.
Transfer the solution to a 1000 cm3 volumetric flask. Wash out the beaker with
deionised water and add the washings to the volumetric flask. Then bring the total
volume to 1000 cm3 using deionised water. Stopper the volumetric flask and invert
several times.
11
Dilute sulfuric acid:
Add 56 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid slowly to about 700 cm3 of deionised water
containing about 20 ice cubes. Stir the mixture, and make up the volume with water to
1 litre in a volumetric flask. Stopper the volumetric flask and invert several times.
Chapter 13
Ethene:
Ethene can be prepared from ethanol, as described on page 338.
Ethyne:
Ethyne can be prepared from calcium dicarbide as described on page 243.
12
Limewater:
Add about 200 g of calcium hydroxide to 2.5 litres of water. Shake vigorously at
intervals over a period of time and finally allow to settle. Decant off the clear
limewater solution from above the undissolved solids. Top up the container with water
and repeat the process.
Bromine water:
In a fume-cupboard, shake 0.5 cm3 bromine with 100 cm3 water. Store in a tightly
stoppered brown bottle.
13
Chapter 14
14
Page 284 - specified demonstration
All necessary reagents can be used as purchased.
Chapter 15
15
Chapter 16
Bromine water:
In a fume-cupboard, shake 0.5 cm3 bromine with 100 cm3 water. Store in a tightly
stoppered brown bottle.
16
Silver nitrate solution:
Dissolve 4 g of silver nitrate crystals in water, and make up to 250 cm3 with water.
Store in a brown bottle. This solution is best freshly prepared and in very small
quantities.
Chapter 17
17
In a fume-cupboard, pour 100 cm3 of ethanol, 250 cm3 of water and 50 cm3 of 0.88
ammonia solution into a large beaker and mix well.
Chapter 18
18
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution (2 M):
Carefully add, in stages, 80 g of sodium hydroxide with constant stirring to about 800
cm3 of water. Continue stirring until all of the solid has dissolved. Make the solution
up to 1 litre with water. Stopper, and mix thoroughly.
Chapter 20
19
Measure out 50 cm3 of concentrated ethanoic acid using a graduated cylinder.
Transfer with washings to a 1 litre volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water.
Stopper the flask, and invert the flask a number of times to ensure thorough mixing.
Limewater:
Add about 200 g of calcium hydroxide to 2.5 litres of water. Shake vigorously at
intervals over a period of time and finally allow to settle. Decant off the clear
limewater solution from above the undissolved solids. Top up the container with water
and repeat the process.
Chapter 21
20
A suitable bleach solution could be made by diluting household bleach by a factor of
between 10,000 and 100,000. It is advisable to test the suitability of this solution
before the commencement of class.
Dissolve 7.44 g of the disodium salt of edta in enough water to make exactly 2 litres
Add 17.5 g of ammonium chloride to 142 cm3 of 0.88 ammonia solution and make up
21
Manganese(II) sulfate solution: Dissolve 120 g hydrated manganese(II) sulfate in
250 cm3 of water.
Alkaline potassium iodide solution: Dissolve with warming 125 g NaOH and 37.5 g
KI in 250 cm3 of water.
Pour, with stirring, a paste containing 1 g starch and a little cold water into 100 cm3 of
boiling water. Boil for two minutes, and allow to cool. The solution should be stored
in stoppered bottles.
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
22