Answer:

a)
One definition of integration is that it is the inverse of differentiation. For example, if we ask
the question What did I differentiate to get the result 2x? If we recall the results of
differentiation, it is clear that the answer is x2. But is this a unique answer?
The answer should clearly be no! We could have differentiated x2+1, x24, x2+3 , x2+1461.
All of these expressions differentiate to give 2x. Clearly the answer to our question of
x2+constant=C. The (unknown) constant C is known as the constant of integration.

As integration is a summation process and differentiation is essentially to do with differences,

they are the inverse of each other.

b. 1.
We'll write the function as a
product: (sinx)^3 = (sinx)^2*sin x
We'll integrate both sides:
Int (sinx)^3dx = Int [(sinx)^2*sin
x]dx We'll write (sinx)^2 = 1 -
(cosx)^2
Int [(sinx)^2*sin x]dx = Int [(1 - (cosx)^2)*sin
x]dx We'll remove the brackets:
Int [(1 - (cosx)^2)*sin x]dx = Int sin xdx - Int (cosx)^2*sin xdx
We'll solve Int (cosx)^2*sin xdx using substitution technique:
cos x = t
We'll differentiate both
sides: cos xdx = dt
We'll re-write the integral, changing the
variable: Int (cosx)^2*sin xdx = Int t^2dt
Int t^2dt = t^3/3 + C
Int (cosx)^2*sin xdx = (cos x)^3/3 + C
Int (sinx)^3dx = Int sin xdx - Int (cosx)^2*sin xdx
Int (sinx)^3dx = -cos x - (cos x)^3/3 + C

b).2
[e^tan(x)] sec^2(x) dx
u = e^tan(x)

du dx = e^tan(x) sec^2(x)

du = e^tan(x) sec^2(x) dx

replace the entire integral with "du"

du = u + C
= e^tan(x) + C eval [0, 4]

= [e^tan( 4) + C] [e^tan(0) + C]

= [e e] = e 1