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The Turbine Supervisory System: Objectives
The Turbine Supervisory System: Objectives
OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module you will be able to:
8.1 State the reasons for monitoring each of the following parameters:
a) Turbine generator bearing vibrations (2); <=>Page 2
c) . Explain how turbine speed limits the applicability of each of the <=>Page 7
following indications for adequate monitoring of turbine gener-
ator operation:
i) Rotor eccentricity;
ii) Bearing vibrations.
8.3 For each of the following parameters, state the system responses to
exceeding a limit on the parameter:
a) Bearing vibration (2); <=>Page 8
b) Other parameters (1). <=>Page 8
8.4 State two typical information soun::es, other than the turbine supervi- <=> Pages 8-9
sory system, that are used for adequate monitoring of turbine gener-
ator operation.
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Course 234 _ Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight APPROVAL ISSUE
NOTES & REFERENCES
INSTRUCTIONAL TEXT
INTRODUCTION
You will recall from the previous turbine courses that the turbine superviso-
ry system monitors. under all operati1!g conditions, a multitude of turbine
generator operating parameters. Information provided by the system is used
by the control room operator to verify that the turbine generator is operatiug
within the safe limits. And, if this is not the case, the operator should take
appropriate actions to protect the machine from abnonnal conditions that
could result in damage. In most stations, the system also stores records of
the major operating parameters for future diagnostic purposes in the event of
equipment malfunction or failure.
In this module, the following topics are discussed:
- Typical parameters monitored by the system, including the reasons for
their monitoring;
- System responses to an exceeded safety limi~
Other sources of relevant information that, together with the turbine su-
pervisory system, allow for adequate monitoring of turbine generator
operation.
As in other modules. the information presented here is generic and does not
cover station specific differences.
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APPROVAL ISSUE Course 234 _ Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
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Course 234 _ Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight APPROVAL ISSUE
NOTES & REFERENCES
6. Assorted turbine generator temperatures.
Obj. 8.1 e) <=>
There are significant station specific differences regarding the locations
where temperatures are monitored by the turbine supervisory system.
As a minimum, these are the HP and LP turbine inlet steam and metal
temperatures. In some stations, LP turbine exhaust hood temperatures.
bearing metal temperatures, lube oil temperatures or generator tempera-
tures are also included. The general purpose of monitoring the assorted
temperatures is to detect conditions which promote machine failure.
For example, an excessive steam-to-metal tempemture difference means
that the turbine is subjected to excessive thermal stresses. Similarly, an
excessive top-to-bottom temperatme difference indicates abnOImal cool-
ing of the casing bottom. ego due to water induction via an extraction
steam pipe.
Obj. 8.1 j) <=> 7. Turbine speed.
This parameter is monitored particu1ar1y closely during turbine nmup
and rundown for reasons such as:
- Verifying the automatic actions that should happen at certain levels
of turbine speed. For example, during turbine rundown, the jacking
oil pumps should start up at the proper turbine speed.
- Avoiding, during turbine runup, prolonged operation in the turbine
generator critical speed ranges.
- Synchronization.
In addition, turbine speed is very closely monitored during actual over-
speed tests of the emergency overspeed governor to verify its opera-
tion without subjecting the turbine to excessive overspeed.
Obj. 8.1 g) <=> 8. Steam valve positions.
They are monitored in order to discover unusual eycling or trending of
the valves, and to evaluate valve performance during their tests.
Abnormal valve position or substandard performance during tests indi-
cates controVmechanicai problems in the actuator or the valve. ego ex-
cessive deposits or a bent stem.
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APPROVAL ISSUE Course 234 _ Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
Rotor eccentricity
Rotor eccentricity is a measure of how much the rotor is bent. Measure- '> Obj. 8.2 a)
ments are limited to the HP turbine rotor which is considered as a represen~
tative sample of the whole turbine generator shaft. This choice is based on
the fact that, being the hottest part of the whole shaft, the lIP turbine rotor is
more susceptible to thermal deformations than the other parts of the shaft.
The principle of eccentricity measurements is illustrated in Fig. 8.1 on
the next page.
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Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight APPROVAL ISSUE
NOTES & REFERENCES
Eccentricity
transducer
j Shaft position
after a 180' turn
e
~--"'-'''''''
,
__---0.:::;;---__ " \..-
/')
----------
~~~----------------~'~~-
Bearing Bearing
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APPROVAL ISSUE Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
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Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight APPROVAL ISSUE
NOTES & REFERENCES
At medium and high tmbine speeds, rotor eccentricity is influenced not
only by the rotor deflection, but also by turbine vibrations. Their dis-
turbing influence is the reason why, in most stations, monitoring of ro-
tor eccentricity ceases once turbine speed is high enough for bearing vi-
bration indications to be able to detect an excessively bent rotor.
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APPROVAL ISSUE Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
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APPROVAL ISSUE CoW'Se 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
ii)
ii)
ii)
iii)
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Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight APPROVAL ISSUE
NOTES & REFERENCES
iv)
ii)
ii)
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APPROVAL ISSUE Course 234 - Turbine and Auxiliaries - Module Eight
Before you move on to the next module. review the objectives and make
sure that you can meet their requirements.
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