OSTEOLOGY OF THE UPPER N LOWER EXTERMETIES

As quoted by Lasts

Scapula8th wk ENDO
Key 2c end at 20 yrs Clavicle 5th wk IMOSS
IMOS: 2c end in late teens
intramembranous ossification GE: sternal end

ENDO:
endochrondric ossificationHip bone: ENDO
Ilium @ end of 2nd month Humerous ENDO 8th wk
Ischium 3rd month 2 c both upper & lower appear after
First denotes primary ossifi-
Pubis 4th month birth - fuse 20 yrs
cation center
Ishcial & pubic rami fuse 7 yrs Only trochlea, captilum, lateral epi-
2 c acetablum begin 8 yrs condyle fuse at 18 yrs
2c:
GE: upper
Secondary centers these rEnd the @ 18 yrs
fine details of the bone @ periphery end 25 yrs
Eg. Scapula: acronium
Radius ENDO 8th wk
GE: growing end 2 c upper fuses 15 yrs, lower 20yrs
GE: lower

Ulna: ENDO 8th wk (GE: Head)

2 c head & shaft 18 yrs
Femur ENDO 7th wk 2 centers form olecranon @ 16 yrs
2 c lower 9th month
GE: lower
Centers: head: after birth Carples: ENDO
Greater trochanter durin 4th yrs Capitate 1st year
Lesser trochanter @ 12-14 yrs Pisiform 10th year
Upper fuse @ 18 yrs All others 7th year
2c metacarples

Patella: ENDO 3-6 yrs

Tibia ENDO 8th wk Sometimes 1 centre don't fuse results
Upper fuses 20 yrs Bipartite patella mistaken for fracture
Lower fuses 18 yrs

Fibula ENDO 8th wk

GE: head
Head 4th yr fuse @ 20 yr
Lower 2nd yr fuse @ 18 yr

Tarsals: ENDO
Calcaneous 3rd month
Talus 6th month, cuboid 9th month
Novicular & cutiform first 4yrs