4.

Working of Comparison and Searching Commands

A .Work out the following redirection operators

1.Display all the input that are typed in the console immediately using cat command
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > s1
abcde
123
eee
345
cse

^Z
[8]+ Stopped cat > s1
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat < s1
abcde
123
eee
345
cse

2.Create a file "College" and "Country" using output direction operator

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > college
SSN college of engg.

^Z
[9]+ Stopped cat > college

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > country

India

^Z
[10]+ Stopped cat > country

3. Write the output of ls in a file and count the number of lines in that file
OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ ls
college Downloads f1 fn2 Music r2 Templates
country Ex 2 output.pdf fags fn3 Pictures run1 Videos
Desktop ex 3. fd fn4 Public ssn
Documents ex 3.pdf fn1 gafs r1 SSN

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ ls < s2 | wc -l

 26

4. Concatenate College and country files information into a single file called
"colleges_and_country"

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48~]$cat college country>> colleges_and_country

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat < colleges_and_country

SSN college of engg.
India

5.Append some more college information in college file and display the contents of
college file using input direction operator

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat >> college
St.Joseph

^Z
[11]+ Stopped cat >> college

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat < college

SSN college of engg.
St.Joseph

B. Work out the following Pipe Command ( | )

1. Count the number of lines available in listing your directory

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ ls | wc -l
27

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ ls
college Documents ex 3.pdf fn1 gafs r1 SSN
colleges_and_country Downloads f1 fn2 Music r2 Templates country Ex 2
output.pdf fags fn3 Pictures run1
Videos Desktop ex 3. fd fn4 Public ssn

2. Count the number of users logged in

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ who -q

eeeb122 eeeb122
 # users=2

3. Show the name of users who were logged in

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ who -m
eeeb122 pts/0

4. Show the name and time of login users

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ who

eeeb122 tty7 2017-02-04 04:04 (:0)

eeeb122 pts/0 2017-02-04 04:08 (:0.0)

5. Create a file named "big_file" which contains more than 50 lines. Show the
difference between the commands "cat big_file" and "cat big_file | more"

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > big_file

a
g
h
d
f
s
d
f
9(more than 50)
^Z
[12]+ Stopped cat > big_file

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat big_file

a
g
h
d
f
s
d
f
9(more than 50)
 [eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat big_file | more
a
g
h
d
f
s
d
f
9(more than 50)
--More--

C. Work out the following Comparison & Searching Commands

1. Create Three files file1, file2, file3 as needed for each command
OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > a1

ABCD
12345
EEE

run
^Z
[14]+ Stopped cat > a1

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > a2

abcd
12345
eee

run
^Z
[15]+ Stopped cat > a2

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > a3

abcde
12345
eee

run
^Z
[16]+ Stopped cat > a3
 2. Show that the given two files are differed by giving the message " Files are differ"
OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ diff -q a1 a2

Files a1 and a2 differ

3. Show that the given two files are same in case insensitive manner
OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ diff -i a1 a2

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$

4. Compare the given two files and show they are differ or not
OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ diff a1 a2
1c1
< ABCD
---
> abcd
3c3,4
< EEE
---
> eee
>

5. What is the difference between diff and cmp command

OUTPUT:
diff checks line by line
cmp checks byte by byte (i.e character by character)

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ diff a2 a3

1c1
< abcd
---
> abcde
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cmp a2 a3
a2 a3 differ: byte 5, line 1
 6. Compare and show that the first 4 bytes of two given files are same. But
the whole file is different

OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cmp a2 a3

a2 a3 differ: byte 5, line 1

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cmp -n4 a2 a3

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$

7. Compare and show how each byte in the given two files differ among
themselves

OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cmp -l a2 a3

5 12 145
6 61 12
7 62 61
8 63 62
9 64 63
10 65 64
11 12 65
12 145 12
15 12 145
18 162 12
19 165 162
20 156 165
21 12 156
cmp: EOF on a2

8. Search whether the given pattern is available in file1 and file3

OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep bcd a2 a3

a2:abcd
a3:abcde
 9. Search the file for the given pattern and print its count
OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep bcd a2 | wc -l

1

10.Search the file and print the non pattern matching lines

OUTPUT:

[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep -v bcd a2

12345
eee

11. Search the file and count the number of non pattern matching lines

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep -v bcd a2 | wc -l

12.Search the given pattern in the file by case insensitive manner

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep -i BCD a2

abcd

13.Create a file which contains the patterns to be searched. Search the pattern
file with file1

OUTPUT:
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ cat > pattern
abc
eee
^Z
[16]+ Stopped cat > pattern
[eeeb122@sel-48 ~]$ grep f pattern file1
eee
14.What is the expansion for grep?
Global Regular Expression Print

15.What do you mean by regular expression?

Matching the strings or texts such as character ,word, pattern.