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Oil & Gas Equipment such as Pressure Vessel does operating to wet sour service. Sour service
refers to the sour gas H2S, or Hydrogen Sulphide, being present. The nature of H2S does limit
the equipment reliability.
Essentially, the equipment was made of steel due to cost effective and reliability. However,
when the steel exposed to H2S for a long period of time, the steel may suffers hydrogen damage.
1. Hydrogen Blistering
2. Hydrogen Imbrittlement
3. Hydrogen Attack
4. Decarburization
All of above may leads to mechanical damage on the steel itself, which called as Hydrogen
Induced Cracking, (HIC).
HIC effect can be reduced by utilizing HIC Resistive material. The material does have refined
microstructure and low hardness value which could reduce the possibility of cracking to
happen.
However, in fabrication, joining process is required, for steel material, welding process will be
utilized. In fabrication of pressure vessel industry, two common welding processes such as
GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) and SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) are used. These
processes utilize heat to fuse the weld joint by melting the base metal together with filler metal.
The issue, when the HIC Resistance Material being exposed to heat from welding process, the
heat affected zone (HAZ) of the base metal and weld metal will having different type of
microstructure, which eventually has higher value of hardness. Any hydrogen inclusion inside
the welded material will increase the HIC effect. This is where the importance of welding
procedure comes for ensuring the resistivity of HIC is maintained.
The student will study the existing welding procedure and implement the method in achieving
the aim, to produced welding joint that has resistivity of HIC. The study will be focussed on
carbon steel material and the welding processes used are GTAW & SMAW.
The study including performing mechanical test on the welded material for justifying the
mechanical properties of welded material. HIC Test also will be performed as well to ensuring
the weld material is clean from any hydrogen inclusion.
Objectives
159120631, Proposal, UOS BME, Level. 3, Rev. A, March 17, 2017
Major
1. To study the procedure of welding for the HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) Resistance
Carbon Steel Plate. Welding Processes involved are GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)
and SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding).
Minor
1. To study method to refined the steel microstructure so that the risk of hydrogen inclusion
could be reduced.
2. To compare the mechanical properties of material when welded.
3. To justify the effectiveness of the welding procedure to reduce the HIC effect after
welding process.
Methodology
1. Study on various journal, publication, and books in order to understand the most effective
welding procedure.
2. Experimentally investigate the mechanical properties of the welded material such as Tensile
Test, Bend Test for Ductility, and Hardness Test.
3. In lab investigation by using correct experiment procedure for undergo HIC Test.
4. All result will be compiled and study on its resistivity to HIC effect based on the acceptance
criteria produced by professional publication or journal.
References
Project Planning
159120631, Proposal, UOS BME, Level. 3, Rev. A, March 17, 2017
Weeks
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
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28
11
1
9
Activity
Title & Brief
approval
Proposal
Submission
Study on
Publication
&
Methodology
Material
Preparation
Welding
Process
Test Coupon
Preparation
Mechanical
Tests
In Lab HIC
Test
Results
Compilation
Justification
on the HIC
Resistivity
Interim
Writing
Interim
Submission
Thesis
Writing
Thesis
Submission
Viva