BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT 1

Business Improvement District

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Table of Contents
Business Improvement Districts..................................................................................................2

Formation of Business Improvement Districts............................................................................3

Controversies surrounding Business Improvement District........................................................4

i) Controversy in local economic development....................................................................5

ii) Controversy regarding the election principles and Business Improvement Development

board members composition...................................................................................................5

iii) Controversy on weighted voting scheme......................................................................5

iv) Controversy based its historical, economic and political matters.................................6

The impact that the Sunderland BID...........................................................................................6

a) Boasting of safety and security.........................................................................................7

b) BID marketing and events holding...................................................................................7

c) Cleaning and maintenance................................................................................................8

d) business on the night shift.................................................................................................8

e) creating the city recognition platform...............................................................................9

f) promotion of accessibility.................................................................................................9

Benefits and Challenges of using Historical Buildings for Modern Tourism, Leisure,

Events and Hospitality............................................................................................................10

Benefits of using historical building..........................................................................................10

a) Forms as a bridge for the adoption of modern needs......................................................11

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b) improving on previous historical market failure.............................................................11

c) tourism.............................................................................................................................11

d) leisure..............................................................................................................................11

e) Source of ancient knowledge..........................................................................................11

f) hospitality........................................................................................................................12

Challenges of using Historical Buildings for Modern Tourism, Leisure, Events, and

Hospitality................................................................................................................................12

a) Most of these buildings are fragile..................................................................................12

b) Limit innovation and invention.......................................................................................13

c) Wastage of resources.......................................................................................................13

d) They lack heating and cooling system............................................................................13

An example of a historical building in Sunderland...................................................................14

St. Andrews Church..............................................................................................................14

References.................................................................................................................................17
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Business Improvement Districts

Business Improvement Districts lies under the example of partnerships that are formed

with the main aim of the provision of additional services to businesses under a selected

geographic region. This businesses act as a means through which the local businesses are

involved in activities that aim at improving the quality of their business environment and

benefiting the business community at large. In most cases, the Business Improvement District do

form an alliance with the local authorities, working together to achieve an optimal working

environment in the local trading environment that is free from all sort of distraction that can

discourage regular and potential customers from buying in the business district (Houstoun 2003).

Business Improvement District operates in a selected geographical region, in which all

forms of businesses be its marketing and selling, servicing business, manufacturing, and

processing pay a certain amount of levy as per the stipulated rate payments. This levy is charged

in addition to the normal rate bills that the business is liable for and in most cases the business

pays the whole amount as a whole with no clear distinction between the two. However, some

business prefers paying the two forms of charges separately as they help in documented

preparation of the business's annual account. This levy charged is mainly used to bring in new

development and to improve on the ongoing ones in the stipulated district where these businesses

are geographically positioned (Poulida and Constantinou 2012). A major characteristic of the

development under carried arising from the levy is that the is no limit on the number and size of

the project or services that are to be achieved in the selected business district through the

Business Improvement District. However, not just any project or service provision could be

undertaken in the district. They mainly focus on those that have an additional value say in the

service created, or a project develops that is going to benefit positively all those falling under the
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selected business district. This by itself seems like a mean of an alliance with the local authorities

which is aimed at improving the quality of life and the business environment as a whole in the

business district (Schaller and Modan 2005). This improvement can be of various forms for

example the buffing up of security say by purchasing of more advanced security alert technology

to ensure a peaceful business environment to both the buyers and the sellers, cleaning of the

environment say by purchasing of more garbage collecting trucks and increasing the number of

cleaning personnel to create a conducive business environment free of bad odor and trash

everywhere. The effort can also be attributed to environmental measure where they may decide

to decorate the business district by vegetating the environment to provide an attractive site to

buyers (Peel et al., 2009).

Formation of Business Improvement Districts

The partnership is mainly established by a business ratepayer, the local authority or a firm

which aims at developing the district area through which several businesses operate. For a

successful establishment of Business Improvement District, there has to be a proposer whose

primary role is to come up with a proposal for the business district and submit it to the local

authorities (Ward 2006). Other than the proposal the proposed need also to deliver a plan of

activities for the district and show clearly how his proposal with bringing more benefit to the

district as compared to its current situation. The proposed will achieve this by setting out the

services that are to be provided. They should also give a clear definition of the scope and size of

the business district. The proposal should also clarify who is liable for the levy to be charged in

an attempt to fund the upcoming project and services, the total amount of levy that is to be

collected and means of how it will be calculated (McCann and Ward 2011).
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This will call for a vote to determine whether the scheme is valid enough to be put

forward. Every business is entitled to a single vote. The local authorities are the one tasked with

managing the ballot process. There are instances where the local authorities are not of the idea

presented by the proposed and lies with the opinion that the proposal presented by the Business

Improvement District may cause chaos and does conflict with existing set policies such as the

proposal placing a huge financial burden to the taxpayers or maybe the set levy rate is exorbitant

and unjust, the local authorities may decide to veto the proposal. However, if it feels that the

proposed Business Improvement District proposal will bear in more benefits that hard and it is

viable for the development of the business region, it gives a got a head for the voting process

(Sandford 2013). In the event of voting a successful vote means that majority of the cast votes

were for the proposed proposal. On the event where the Business Improvement District is set and

running levy is charged on every business that lies within its jurisdiction and this is regardless of

whether the businesses vote in the ballot or did vote against the proposal put forward by the

proposed. In the case where a significant breach of rules was noted in the voting process, the

proposer has the mandate to request the balloting process void and submits this to the local

government and the community secretary of state.

Controversies surrounding Business Improvement District

Business Improvement District partnerships have been involved in some controversies

that surround them. Various factors have been involved in these controversies. Some have been

overcome while other have remained a disturbing problem to most of the businesses. These

include aspects such as:

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i) Controversy in local economic development

Some Business Improvement Districts donor live up to their expectation. They do not

operate in providing a better business environment, the one they stated in the proposal and have

turned out to be a business venture to the proposed and of course with association with the local

authorities. They have accomplished this by increasing the size of the BID hence increasing the

number of professionals such as analysts, planners, and managers. In an attempt to gain even

more they introduce ghost professional so that they gain much more from the levy they get from

businesses (Justice and Skelcher 2009).

ii) Controversy regarding the election principles and Business Improvement Development

board members composition.

This is in fact where there is unequal residential representation in the board and majority

of the board members come from a specific business location. When important matters that

require representation from the unrepresented business location will go unnoticed and thus

deterioration of the business environment leading to poor business activities. This will lead to a

reduction in buying and selling of commodities which may lead to losses and reduced

profitability income and yet they are included when it comes to levy payment. The board can

turn a blind eye on the issue when the issue of representation has not been formulated properly

by the proposed in their proposal (Osseo-Asare et al., 2007).

iii) Controversy on weighted voting scheme

This contradiction arises when there is an inherent contradiction in the Business

Improvement Development phenomenon. The voting in of the proposal or the board members

can be viewed differently by different business people. Some can say the voting process was

undemocratic and only favor certain types of businesses or maybe businesses in the specific
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region only. These group may protest for reform in the board governing the Business

Improvement Development so that they can accept the equity of profitability the organization is

going to give them. Some may have a varied opinion on the voting schemes and decide that if the

weighted voting scheme is not put into practice, they will be disadvantaged as it will diminish

incentive owned by big property owners. The lack of incentive has posed a challenge to the

formation of various Business Improvement Development projects as there is no co-relation

among the business members (Ward 2007).

iv) Controversy based its historical, economic and political matters

The BID faces controversies regarding its historical development and economical and

political grounds. This is seen when more question than answers has been raised regarding its

purpose. Whether or not it will have a significant economic advantage. Issues have been raised

regarding its accountability, democracy and the measures taken in the regulation of the available

space. Political influence has also been inducing in the corporation where there are aspects of

favors based on political grounds (Wang et al., 2008). The issue of governance has also brought

up some controversies when it comes to the association management, specialization and the

sharing of power among the committee members. This often results when it comes to sharing of

powers where different committee members may have divided believed pertaining certain

position and its roles, duties, and powers (Morcol et al., 2008).

The impact that the Sunderland BID

The impact of Sunderland BID has been noted worldwide by many. To get a glimpse of

the impact special background information is crucial. Sunderland BID has conducted its

campaign successfully with members exercising democracy till the ballot day. The board has also

commissioned a teamwork to work for five years over the specified boundary. To foster their
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effectiveness in business administration, Sunderland BID has created their brand and identity

over the town. Governed by a board of eighteen members the corporation puts forward

arrangements that are within the legal framework as it exercises its governance (Brooks 2008).

The impacts of Sunderland BID are:

a) Boasting of safety and security

The BID has been working with the city's central police to reduce crime rates in the city.

They have done this by contributing to a high visibility policing. Since its launch three years ago

the city has reported a reduction in crime rate by ten percent. Sunderland BID also introduced

radio system which provided convenient access to the police department. They also beefed up

security by introducing more CCTV cameras. To ensure the security of business goods BID has

introduced SelectaDNA system of marking for valuable goods in an attempt to reduce domestic

burglary. BID also has commissioned several BID rapid response lines that deal with

unacceptable behavior in their community. The organization has also improved on street lighting

as a precautionary measure.

b) BID marketing and events holding

The Corporation has devoted its effort to working with the city's wholesalers and retailers

in an attempt to uphold calendar of events aimed at raising the city's profile and increase the

number of visitors who intern turn to be potential buyers. For example, in Preston alone, there

were over two hundred and thirty visitors who visited the city an event organized by BID

between the year 2009 to 2012 (Cook 2008). To achieve this Sunderland BID organized food

and drink festivals, organizing themed markets that are aimed at increasing the retailer sales,

holding of Christmas campaign in the city center that attracted potential customers among others.
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The BID also did conduct meeting to ensure that the promotion that they are carrying out have

hit a significant mark and discussion on any form of improvements that could be done to make

the events an even bigger success. The BID also did go online through the advertisement of their

businesses over their website. They included a current update of the city event and fun activities

that the visitors will form part of. To ensure loyalty Sunderland BID created a city square brand

that was used on each BID projects. This was aimed at maximizing the media presence and

proved valuable in the marketing campaign to buyers lying within the city and its outskirts. The

corporation also came up with their BID app that will have all the updated knowledge of any

promotional campaign, event, products, sales and much more that helped in spreading and

marketing its products. They also created creative materials used in marketing such as taking

advantage of the media through promotion and advertisement, coming up with brochures, online

marketing on their website. By so doing they were sure they had captured the attention of almost

all buyers

c) Cleaning and maintenance

Sunderland BID indulged in cleaning exercises within the city. Aspects such as removing

fly posters and cleaning graffiti that is with this a short distance to their business premises. They

also conducted greening exercise within its CBD in an attempt to create an attractive

environment that is homely to all. Their efforts were also noted in furniture there within the

streets. They also took a step in covering empty' places with graphical designs thus making the

streets even more attractive to their visitors. They also indulged in ground maintenance activities

by weeding out the unwanted and tiding the litter (Grossman 2008).
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d) Business on the night shift

Sunderland BID took advantage of the evening hours where most shops are closing. They

did this by opening up an after work sale from five in the evening to late midnight with live

music. They also carried out promotion in live clubs and pubs. This majorly attracted the youth

as they are actively involved in restaurants and bars, and there is in fact increased sale of

commodities when compared to when there were not night sales.

e) Creating the city recognition platform

The BID Corporation did make their city know and defined its potential through holding

up on activities and events all through summer and winter, activities such as sponsoring minister

sanctuary with fantastic food and drink events accompanied by music did attract many to the

city. Holding on festivals such as the African festivals such as the marking of the arrival of the

king lion. Street at was to an even that was highly commemorated in the city and masses of the

crowd arrived to witness the spectacular talents as well (Hoyt 2004). Taking of photos and

videos also attracted multitude to the graffiti and art sites. Taking advantage of the local VIBE

magazine was also a brilliant move by BID as it created awareness and put the city on the map.

Most of the event were made known to those within and outside the city through a popular

magazine in addition to the home website, media and promotional campaigns (Grossman 2010).

f) Promotion of accessibility

The Sunderland BID worked hand in hand with the UNITED kingdom's champion group

having consulted with their design audit to campaign for changes to be made in matters
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regarding to the way the street scenes and design matters of the city hold this was successfully

adopted as we can now see that there are a number of adjustments made to bridge shopping

centres since their ease of access has been tremendously improved. This is an advantage

especially for the old and the sick who require using the least amount of effort to reach these

shopping malls. BID has also engaged in the creation of street scene guidance and an

improvement in the technical standards in the city with a perfect example being signage. There

was also the plan to change the design setting of Keel Squire to make it more spacious in the

time of events so as to accommodate an even larger crowd (Beatham 2003).

Benefits and Challenges of using Historical Buildings for Modern Tourism, Leisure,

Events, and Hospitality

A building can be considered as art just like paint. The historical building design has for

a long time fascinated many due to their ability to satisfy needs and being a source of aesthetical

pleasure. The building design has been improving with architectures coming up with new

designs own their own and others aided by design software due to advancement in technology.

The preservation and the reconstruction of historical architectural buildings from one of the

major parts of the preservation of the ancient building culture. Studies by scholars have shown

that most of the persevered building were build a long time ago and with no proper measure of

their protection and reconstruction, we may lose all that is left which reminds us of who we are,

where we came from and where we are heading to.

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Benefits of using historical building

Several benefits have been associated with the historic building when it comes to understanding

life during the ancient world. This has helped provide a sense of where we are coming from and

relating it to present architectural structure it gives a glimpse of where we are heading to when it

comes to building and architectural design. Many of the recreational and leisure activities have

also been conducted in the historic building as the provide a cool and relaxing environment to its

visitors (Yung and Chan 2012). Here are the common advantages that one will get from visiting

these historic building as a form of leisure, tourism or event:

a) Forms as a bridge for the adoption of modern needs

These ancient and historical buildings form the main basis through which the

regeneration of towns, cities and rural areas are developed. These historical buildings have for a

long time undergone adaptation and been noted to be more durable. Their flexibility has also

astonished many as they can be transformed into anything as need arises. Most of these historic

building has been put to good use, some are homes, shopping building while others stand as

museums.

b) Improving on previous historical market failure

Historical building at some point act as a reminder of past failure and schemes to enhance

and improve on the historical events have been made where this building stands. Great progress

in an attempt to attain confidence has been made hence attracting investments, the creation of
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new facilities for entrepreneurial purposes and improving on the building image achieved

(Bastianini et al., 2005).

c) tourism

The ancient and historical building have acted as a point in which historical artifacts have

been stored for safe keeping. The building itself, therefore, acts as the keeper of ancient

knowledge through which people visit to learn about their history.

d) leisure

Some cultural activities do happen in this historical buildings. Performances such as

dances, wars, social life and much more can be replicated, and people come here during their

leisure time to learn about their history.

e) Source of ancient knowledge

This is in fact very useful for history scholars as tours and events can be arranged either

by the institution or individual decision to spend their free time in these ancient building. An in-

depth understanding of the ancient culture and way of life can be understood better through an

actual interaction with the building and ancient design other than a mere theoretical approach on

ancient history (Paton et al., 2005).

f) hospitality

Some of the ancient building act as ancestral homes and families of the descendants use

this ancestral home as shelter. The house through modification and reconstructed has been

engineered to ensure that its occupants have a lovely homestead which they are proud of.
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Challenges of using Historical Buildings for Modern Tourism, Leisure, Events, and

Hospitality

Despite their fascinating look and appearance, some of the historical building have been

known to have some drawbacks. Some even fatal that have made the authorities give ago ahead

of the demolition process. Some of the challenges these old buildings bring are:

a) Most of these buildings are fragile

Since an ancient technology was used it their construction when there was minimal

scientific research on the building materials hence, they are not considered to be very firm given

that they have been in existence for some years. Most of the historical building fall off

unexpectedly saying in the case of minor and major earthquakes when you compare them to the

modern building ( Anastasi and Ortolani 2009). These fails have sometimes caused accidents and

even death to a tourist who had visited the building or even the workers who work around to

keep the building tidy.

b) Limit innovation and invention

These ancient building is standing at a position that could have been transformed through

current technological advancement and transforming the spot to a whole new advance region.

Say by building up a research lab that is crucial for learning progress and building a better and

more comfortable house. Most of the ancient building due to limited knowledge were not build

up to standard and present an unhomely environment, especially which the change in climatic
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condition as a result of global warming. It would sound logical to demolish them and

construction a homelier and comfortable building that one can relax in.

c) Wastage of resources

The government and individual organization spend a lot of financial and labor resources

to maintain these ancient buildings. Since they are more fragile due to the poor technology used

in their construction and the lengthy number of years it has been in existence they are weaker

that modern building. Hence a lot of capital and human resource input has to be employed to

maintain them, and sometimes the costs surpass by far the cost of having to construct a whole

new house (Ascione et al., 2011).

d) They lack heating and cooling system

Modern houses do have heating installation systems in them to help keep the house warm

during winter. This is considered homelier especially where it is a residential or an office

building for example. During summer the u=installation of the cooling system is crucial in the

house as it helps fight the unbearable heat from the sun. Unfortunately, this ancient historical

building has neither of the above. During winter seasons they are extremely cold, and one would

rather spend their leisure in a modern house other than the old one. The same is noted during

summer as the building is extremely hot and unconducive a form of human settlement. People

living in ancient houses have been noted to have a higher chance of being sick compared to those

in modern houses with favorable installations (Copingern 1964).

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An example of a historical building in Sunderland

St. Andrews Church

St. Andrew Church is presently a Sunderland Anglican parish church. Located in the

north of Roker. The church's first idea of its construction was aired in 1903. The church was

meant to serve to take care of the spiritual needs and requirements of local Anglican Christian

believers. However, getting this message to the public, they failed to raise the required amount of

money to construct the church according to its design. However, a local Sunderland shipbuilder

John Priestman and his family decide to contribute to the construction of the church. They

promised a substantial amount and lay conditions that the church should be able to accommodate

seven hundred sited people who would have a good view of the altar (Dodds 1994).
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Edward Schroeder designed the church. He was a University of Cambridge graduate and

had joined amount the leading architectural offices of the time. Dating from the 1180s, there

were some art and craft movements. These artists had their particular design of the church.

However, a number share some common ideas about the design of the church an example being

the need to create an architecture whereby the building constructions would blend with the local

surrounding environment together with the church resembling the features of the areas'

landscape. However, the real construction work commenced in 1906. The consecration of the

building happened in July of 1907. The finished church mainly built of magnesium limestone

and the church looks much older that it is supposed to. An attractive feature is its towering

reminiscent that resembles the castle keep. Inside the church it is spacious and there is a notable

light nave. This is as a result of the great elliptical arches responsible for the nave spanning.

The most attractive part of the church is the sanctuary which is located on the eastern side

of the building. The sanctuary is ornate and sumptuous unlike the rest of the church. The east

window is magnificent with its glass stained. There is a lovely painted upper stage of the walls

together with the doom-shaped ceiling. There is a portray of Adam and Eve, land and sea

creatures that make the building more attractive. The ceiling portrays the stars and the moon as if

looking up to the heavens (Donaldson 1985).

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At the center of it all is the sun, depicted by the hemispherical fitting of light which

displays long colorful rays. The church is considered one of the best in all the English churches

given its design and attractive art and craft.

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