The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)

|| Volume || 6 || Issue || 4 || Pages || PP 32-39 || 2017 ||

ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805

The Variation Of Rain Fall In Kuwiat From 1962 Till 2010.

Zayed Aldaithan, Osama Almethen
-------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of rainfall in years and the amount of precipitate is vital in examining the arid environments where
resources are scarce and unpredictable. In the study, the rainfall in years and amount of precipitation in Kuwait
was analyzed using the data recorded for the year 1962 up until 2010. the purpose of the manuscript is to
review the rainfall patterns in arid environment specifically Kuwait, to review and analyze the total rainy days
happened in Kuwait since 1962 up to 2010 with relation to the total amount of precipitation in millimeters, to
review and analyze the total rainy days per month happened in Kuwait since 1962 up to 2010, to review and
analyze the total amount of precipitation in millimeters happened per month, correlating to the average total
rainy days per month, and to analyze the amount of rainfall with the created 12-year intervals starting from the
year 1962 up to 2010. The data showed that for every increase in the total number of rainy days per year, it is
proportional to the increase in the total amount of precipitation in millimeters. Given the 49 years, starting from
the year 1962 up to 2010, the rainy season of Kuwait starts in October and ends in May, while the dry season
occurs from June to September. The highest amount of precipitation in millimeters occurs in the month of
January. The highest total number of rainy days happened in the year 1972 with the total of 72 rainy days. The
highest amount of precipitation happened in Kuwait was in the year 1976 with 242.4 millimeters, and the lowest
was in the year 1991 with 13 millimeters. It can be concluded that due to climate change, there is a continuous
decline in the amount of precipitation and a total number of rainy days in the long run. One of the
recommendations necessary for the study is to compare and validate the gathered data to other researchers and
expert teams that are fully dedicated to observing and gathering data, mainly in those arid environments,
including Kuwait so that the result of the study can be confirmed whether it is the natural variations are the
reason behind rainfall patterns that is happening in Kuwait, either with or without the influence of greenhouse
gas. Another is to conduct Hydrological Accounting to look more into details about what is happening during
the condensation and precipitation in the approximate total amount of water present in Kuwait. By conducting
Hydrological Accounting in Kuwait including its nearby countries, it may result in creating multiple hypothesis
aside from climate change and may also result in having a right approximation of when will be the next year of
having the highest amount of precipitation in millimeters and when will be the next highest total amount of rainy
days a year. A collaboration with the team experts, researchers, and other sectors who are dedicated to
analyzing the hydro-climatology of Kuwait and nearby countries, and those who are well dedicated to
accounting the hydrology of the country is also necessary to avoid speculations and provide intelligent
hypotheses for the future study regarding the variation of rainfall in Kuwait. Collaboration with the team
experts and researchers is also necessary to pinpoint what are the missing data necessary for the study. With the
collaboration, there will be clarity and consistency about the data gathered with those data which were
gathered by other people. With the compilation of the gathered data, the analysis regarding the variation of
rainfall we are supported by different analyzed data.
Keywords-Drought, Precipitation, Kuwait, Amount of rainfall, Hydrological Accounting, arid environment,
rainfall data, rainfall intensity, trend analysis, wet and dry seasons.
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Date of Submission: 14 April 2017 Date of Accepted: 28 April 2017
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I. INTRODUCTION
The changes in the structure and functioning terrestrial ecosystems that are now happening would be more
intensifying in the near future due to the changing climate and how human activities uses land that affects the
land's productivity, water regime, and biodiversity. Literature relating to the analysis of the potential effects of
increasing greenhouse gas emission (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere on ecosystem function and services
is extensive. The extensive literature does not usually discuss the alteration of rainfall and its probable increase
in rainfall variability, which is one of the essential characteristics of global change. These alterations are also
connected to the nutrient cycling, the growth of the plants, and population and community dynamics (Miranda,
Padilla, and Pugnaire 1302). By analyzing the rainfall alterations and rainfall variability, it may lead to
answering questions related to climate change like the probability of the next incoming storm, the amount of

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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
rainfall next year, or predicting the dry and wet season duration and intensity. The changes in the activities of
organisms like culture and traditions also explain the impact of climate change.
The country of Kuwait is surrounded by the Arabian and Syrian Deserts to the west and the Persian Gulf to its
east, located in a semiarid climate zone. With a total land area of 17,820 km2, Kuwait is bordered by Iraq to the
north and northwest, and by Saudi Arabia in the west and south. The slope of the land is relatively flat having a
slightly undulating desert plain, with an increase in slope towards the northeast. The climate characteristics of
Kuwait have a desert climate with long, dry, hot summer with the usual temperature of 45 C and a cooler
winter having a possible temperature of 4 C. During the summer, sandstorms in the country are very evident.
The rainy season falls within the month of October to May with an annual rainfall less than 100 mm in an area
of 100km2, while the other part of the country receives between 100 and 300 mm. (Frenken 1).
The ocean and land surface evaporate water due to the heat brought by the sun's radiation, and transferred
around the atmosphere by winds, forming clouds of condensation, and will fall back from the surface of the
Earth and to the rivers and oceans by means of rain or snow, which completes the global hydrological or water
cycle. The society and the environment are affected by the variations of precipitation in its amount, intensity,
frequency, and type (e.g. Snow or rain) from year to year and over decades. With the rain, some of it soaks into
the soil and give nutrients to the plants, or may cause flooding and run-off if the same amount of rainfall
precipitated in a short period of time, which will leave the sails much drier after. In contrast, lack of
precipitation and having an extremely high temperature in the area contributes to drying of the soil, resulting in
drought. While floods can be developed around the short period of time with the great amount of rainfall,
droughts are extensive and can be developed through months or years. This only means that the water cycle is
very important in mitigating flooding and droughts (Donat et al. 123). Global warming, or climate change as an
appropriate term, was created and induced by human activities and is very evident now in the changes of
precipitation and the hydrological cycle.
There is a major impact on society, economy, ecosystems, and on human health when extreme climatic events
are usually present in the environment by driving the natural and human systems much more compared to
average climate. Having both observational data for research and studies specifically in Arab region focused on
the analysis of changes in climate extremes is limited, and given that there is an available data for the analysis, it
is not enough due to a large number of missing values. By having personal conversations to the local participant
during and after the climate workshops made by the Expert Team on Climate change Detection and Indices
(ETCCDI), these give researchers time to verify values or specific station characteristics especially those
suspicious ones. The ETCCDI is created due to the reason that there have not been any previous analyses of the
changes in climate specifically in the Arab region (Donat et al. 582).
When it comes to the economy of the country, their earnings are mainly from the petroleum merchandise export.
When it comes to agriculture, including fisheries, it does not fully contribute to the gross domestic product
(GDP) of the country and also does not offer an important source of employment. The population that actively
contributes to the economy of the country is approximately 1.47 million (2005) composed of 74 percent male
and 26 percent female. Given that the agriculture, including fisheries, does not fully contribute to the GDP of the
country, 1 percent of the population that actively contributes to the economy engaged in agriculture, and these
farm owners are almost all foreigners, investors, and also have another source of income. Looking into the
agriculture deeper, livestock production contributes about 67 percent of total agricultural GDP, compared to
plant production and fisheries with 23 and 10 percent respectively (Frenken 3). This shows that Kuwait's global
contribution to the world market is their oil exports as an energy source, wherein most of the nation are
dependent on it. Kuwait belongs to those countries with large crude oil reserves and one of the ten largest
exporters of crude oil and oil products around the world (Kuwaits Initial National Communications xiv). Due
to the climate of the country, the arable land area is less than 1 percent of the total land area. Moreover, due to
the water scarcity, this led to soil degradation and a lack of skills relevant to agriculture. As a result, Kuwait
heavily relies on importing food with more than 90 percent of cereals, milk, and dairy products. In addition to
imports, Kuwait also purchases fruits, fish, and meat with more than 60 percent (Kuwaits Initial National
Communications 10).
Due to the prevailing hyper-arid climate of Kuwait, it is not favorable to any of the river systems in the country.
Rivers and lakes do not permanently exist, but ravines are developed in the desert terrain wherein surface runoff
occurs during the rainy season. The duration of flash floods only lasts about few hours to several days. The
small percentage of the precipitation infiltrates the groundwater supply due to the high evaporation losses and
high deficit in soil moisture (Frenken 4).
For those countries with dry areas, rainfall is very scarce ever since. It is a very important hydrological variable
for the said place due to the population growth, economic developments, and urbanization is continuously
increasing and progressing. Understanding the impact of rainfall on the ecosystem is a good move to develop an
effective management strategy. It is obvious that the plant productivity in the country is primarily limited due to

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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
inadequate availability of water (Kwarteng, Dorvlo, & Vijaya Kumar 605). With Kuwait as a highly water-
stressed country, this leads to limited options offered in meeting socioeconomic needs.
Most of the studies regarding climate change have been conducted around the northern hemisphere, with
temperate ecosystems and the Arctic, but it is more different to those environments that are warmer and drier.
The number of studies regarding the climate change in the arid environment, specifically its rainfall frequency
and intensity is very few and limited. Thus, the purpose of the manuscript is: 1) to review the rainfall patterns in
an arid environment, specifically Kuwait; 2) to review and analyze the total rainy days happened in Kuwait
since 1962 up to 2010 in relation to the total amount of precipitation in millimeters; and 3) to analyze the
amount of rainfall in every 12 years starting from the year 1962 up to 2010. The main objective of the study is to
analyze the trends in the amount of rainfall and precipitation for the year 1962 to 2010 in Kuwait. The
hypothesis is that the precipitation and the amount of rainfall would change and increase through years as a
result of climate change.
The analysis of the amount of rainfall and precipitation is discussed in this paper, with the seasonal changes in
the amount and frequency of rain events in order to predict what will be the next amount and frequency of rain
events in Kuwait.

II. DISCUSSION
In table 1, the total rainy days per annum and the total amount of precipitation in millimeters are indicated with
respect to the years of gathering data from 1962 up to 2010 to see if there is an increase or decrease in total rainy
days while comparing it to other years indicated. By comparing the total rainy days

Table 1. Total rainy days per annum and total amount of precipitation in millimeters with respect to
the years from 1962 up to 2010.
Total Rainy Total amount
Total Rainy Days Total amount
Years Days (per precipitation Years
(per month) precipitation (mm)
annum) (mm)
1962 33 83.4 1987 44 75
1963 44 67.2 1988 37 69.5
1964 25 31.3 1989 45 67.3
1965 36 88.4 1990 10 39.7
1966 39 60.7 1991 11 13
1967 46 170.5 1992 27 105.8
1968 61 79.4 1993 39 190.4
1969 54 105.7 1994 35 109.4
1970 40 80.6 1995 36 155.6
1971 54 113.9 1996 38 187.4
1972 67 218.9 1997 43 215.3
1973 31 34.8 1998 21 111.7
1974 63 168.4 1999 32 168.2
1975 66 140.9 2000 33 80.8
1976 72 242.4 2001 28 127.3
1977 58 136.3 2002 36 141.2
1978 47 106.8 2003 33 152.3
1979 38 121 2004 46 217
1980 49 131.9 2005 26 187.6
1981 50 80.4 2006 38 114.9
1982 31 128.8 2007 20 77.1
1983 56 64.9 2008 19 43.2
1984 40 83.3 2009 28 110.9
1985 33 79.1 2010 23 35
per year, it can give a clearer view in analyzing the data. The total amount of precipitation in millimeters is also
included to see if the total rainy days correlate to it. It is clearly seen that for every increase in a number of total
rainy days happened per year; it is predictable that there is also an increase in the total amount of precipitation in
millimeters.
In table 2, the total rainy days within 49 years of gathering data from 1962 up to 2010 indicated with the average
total rainy days and the total amount of precipitation in millimeters with respect to months. It is necessary to
indicate the total rainy days in years to make it clearer and more visible to analyze the gathered data about the
increase and decrease of total rainy days. In addition to the table, the months are indicated to clearly see those
months that are included in the rainy season and those months that are in the dry season. By analyzing table 2,
the wet and dry seasons of Kuwait can be proven by analyzing the data that was gathered from 1962 until 2010.
With the data from table 1, it can be compared to the data presented in figures 1 and 2 to support the assumption
that the climate change mainly contributes to the decrease in the total amount of precipitation and total rainy
days per annum. The rainy season of Kuwait starts in October and ends in May, while the country dry season
occurs from June to September. The Figures 3 and 4 shows the total rainy days and the total amount of
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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
precipitation in millimeters, both per month. In Figure 4, it is shown that the highest total amount of
precipitation in millimeters occurs in the month of January.
In figure 1, The total rainy days per annum are shown from the year 1962 up to the year 2010 (49 years
collected data). The total rainy days per annum was created by combining the total number of rainy days per
month that happened in the specific year to compare and see the trends on the total rainy days per year in
Kuwait. In the year 1962, the total rainy days in the whole year is 33 days, compared to the end year 2010 with
only 23 total rainy days happened in a year. The highest total rainy days happened in the year 1976, followed by
1972 with a total of 72 and 67 rainy days happened in a year. In the years 1962 up to 1976, there is a gradual
increase in a total number of rainy days from years 1962 to 1975. After the year 1976, the decline in total rainy
days happened in a year is visible up until 2010. The lowest total rainy days happened since the said years was
in the year 1990, followed by 1991, with 10 and 11 total rainy days in a year.
In figure 2, the total amount of precipitation in millimeters is measured in Kuwait also started from the year
1962 up to 2010. The total amount of precipitation was created by combining the total amount of precipitation in
millimeters per month that were happening in a year to compare and see the trends in the total amount of
precipitation in millimeters per year. With the created results, it can be compared to the

Table 2. Total rainy days within 49 years of gathered data from 1962 to 2010 with the average
total rainy days and total amount of precipitation in millimeters with respect to months.
Total rainy days in 49 years Total amount precipitation (in
Month Average
(1962-2010) mm)
January 347 7.2 1361.2
February 279 5.8 706.1
March 320 6.8 748.8
April 285 6.2 598
May 125 3.8 163.5
June 2 2 0
July 0 0 0
August 0 0 0
September 0 0 0
October 58 2.9 116.3
November 223 5.7 776
December 340.9 7.9 1010.9

Figure 1. Total rainy days per annum since 1962 until 2010 in Kuwait.

Figure 2. Total amount of precipitation in millimeters in Kuwait with respect to the years, starting
from 1962 up to 2010.
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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
total rainy days happened in a year in Kuwait to see the correlation. In figure 2, the amount of precipitation in
the starting year 1962 was 83.4 millimeters and ended with the year 2010 having the total of 35 millimeters.
Comparing the two figures, the trend is well correlated with the total rainy days per annum with the total amount
of precipitation in millimeters. After the year 1976, there is a visible decrease in the total amount of
precipitation happened in Kuwait. The highest total amount of precipitation in millimeters was in the year 1976
with 242.4 millimeters. The lowest total amount of precipitation in millimeters was in the year 1991 with 13
millimeters only.
Comparing figures 1 and 2, it is clearly shown that the total amount of precipitation in millimeters and the total
rainy days are well correlated. Focusing on the highest and lowest extremes in the figures, it can be concluded
that 242.4 millimeters of precipitate happened after 72 total rainy days in the year 1976 and there were 13
millimeters of precipitate happened after 11 total rainy days in the year 1991. Given that there is a dry and wet
season in Kuwait, the possibility of having long wet season has been possible yet minimal in the total amount of
precipitation in millimeters given that Kuwait has the arid environment. It can be concluded in the figures 1 and
2 that there is a decline in the total amount of precipitation and total rainy days from 1976 up to 2010 due to
climate change. Given the results from these figures, the assumption that the climate change mainly contributes
to the continuous decline of the total amount of precipitation and total rainy days per annum must be validated
and supported by providing more data similar to the temporal dimension presented in figures 1 and 2.
In figure 3, the total number of rainy days per month in Kuwait is shown to support table 2 wherein the highest
total number of rainy days within the 49 years of gathered data falls in the month of January. Figure 3 also
shows that the start of the wet season lies on the month of October and ends in May, while the remaining
months (June, July, August, and September) are included in the dry season showing that these months have an
absolute zero total number of rainy days.
In figure 4, the total amount of precipitation from years 1962 to 2010 in millimeters was compared to the
amount of precipitation per month in Kuwait to show which month has the highest total amount of precipitation,
supporting the data from table 1. Having the figure, it can clearly see that the month of January is a far higher
total amount of precipitation compared to those months which included in the wet season. May and October are
the months showing the transition from wet to dry seasons and vice versa. It is clearer in the figure that there is
an absolute zero total amount of precipitation during the dry season.
In figure 5, the four 12-year intervals of total rainy days per annum starting from the year 1962 up to 2010 in
Kuwait was created and compared to see the trend. In the first 12-year interval (1962 to 1973), the total rainy
days per annum is fluctuating, but there is a gradual increase. In the second 12-year interval (1974 to 1985), it is
shown that it started with the highest total number of rainy days compared to other 12-year intervals. But going
to the post part of the said interval, it is declining. In the third 12-year interval (1986-1997), it has the least
number of total rainy days compared to other 12-year intervals. In the last 12- year interval (1998-2010), it has
the least average total number of rainy days per annum compared to the other three 12-year intervals.
Combining the last two 12-year intervals (1986 to 1997, and 1998 to 2010), the total number of rainy days per
annum is declining and have no sign of an increase in the said variable.

Figure 3. The total number of rainy days per month in Kuwait

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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.

Figure 4. Total amount of precipitation from years 1962 to 2010 (in mm.), comparing the amount
of precipitation per month in Kuwait

Figure 5. Four 12-year interval of Total rainy days per annum from years 1962 to 2010 in Kuwait.

III. RESULTS
The patterns of rainfall in Kuwait shift with wet and dry seasons, wherein the dry season lies on the month of
June, July, August, and September has a no rainfall at all, while the wet season lies on the month of October to
May having a minimum precipitate of 163.5 millimeters and a maximum of 1361.2 millimeters. By having an
analysis of the rainfall patterns from 1962 up to 2010, Kuwait faces an altering rainfall pattern wherein there is a
gradual decrease of the total amount of precipitation happening in the country. The observation is, instead of
having patterns in which the wet season gets wetter and the dry season get drier, an evident scenario is that only
in the dry season is getting drier with a gradual decrease of the total amount of precipitation in the long run.
Having this evident scenario throughout 1962 up to the present, it can be concluded that climate change greatly
contributes to the changes in rainfall patterns in Kuwait. One of the recommendations necessary for the study is
to compare and validate the gathered data to other researchers and expert teams that are fully dedicated to
observing and gathering data, mainly in those arid environments, including Kuwait so that the result of the study
can be confirmed whether it is the natural variations are the reason behind rainfall patterns that is happening in
Kuwait, either with or without the influence of greenhouse gas.
The total rainy days happened in Kuwait since 1962 up to 2010 is getting slimmer in the long run. Given the fact
that Kuwait belongs to the arid environment, the total number of rainy days per annum is getting lower, and
there is no evident increase after the year 1976. Analyzing the total number of rainy days per annum happened
in Kuwait in relation to the total amount of precipitation in millimeters, there is no valid reason for an increase
in a total number of rainy days since the precipitation happening in Kuwait from the year 2004 is continuously
declining. One recommendation appropriate for the study is to conduct Hydrological Accounting to look more
into details about what is happening during the condensation and precipitation in the approximate total amount
of water present in Kuwait. By conducting Hydrological Accounting in Kuwait including its nearby countries, it
may result in creating multiple hypothesis aside from climate change and may also result in having a right
approximation of when will be the next year of having the highest amount of precipitation in millimeters and
when will be the next highest total amount of rainy days a year.
In analyzing the amount of rainfall in every 12 years, starting from the year 1962 up to 2010, the four 12-year
intervals was created which focuses on the total number of rainy days per annum since a total number of rainy

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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
days per annum is proportional to every increase and decrease of the total amount of precipitation in
millimeters. In it clearly seen that even though the interval was created to analyze with, it is clearly seen that the
total number of rainy days is gradually decreasing over the years and therefore it can be concluded that there is
the least hope in the increase in the amount of rainfall. On the brighter side, it can be concluded that if there will
be an increase in the amount of rainfall, then it will take more another 12 years to wait for the higher and
acceptable total amount of rainfall in Kuwait. The recommendation appropriate for this is to collaborate with the
team experts, researchers, and other sectors who are dedicated to analyzing the hydro-climatology of Kuwait
and nearby countries, and those who are well dedicated to accounting the hydrology of the country to avoid
speculations and provide intelligent hypotheses for the future study.
The hypothesis that the precipitation and the amount of rainfall would change and increase through years as a
result of climate change is not proven in the study, and cannot form a firm conclusion about whether the climate
change or other variables are the reason behind the declining precipitation and the amount of rainfall. With the
decline of the amount of rainfall and precipitation in millimeters given that Kuwait is in the arid environment, it
can be concluded that the study is lacking other data which is necessary in analyzing the result of the study, for
example, is the intensity of temperatures within the year 1962 up to 2010 wherein the sudden increase in
temperature of the country will greatly contribute to the process of condensation of water. If the temperature in
the environment is said to be very high, this may result in the increase in evaporation of the water and decrease
in water precipitate. By having other data for the study, it may lead to the firmness of having the conclusion that
climate change greatly contributes to the variation of rainfall in Kuwait. Collaboration with the team experts and
researchers is also necessary to pinpoint what are the missing data necessary for the study. With the
collaboration, there will be clarity and consistency about the data gathered with those data which were gathered
by other people. With the compilation of the gathered data, the analysis regarding the variation of rainfall we are
supported by different analyzed data. As of now, the study is concluded that throughout the said years (1962-
2010), the amount of rainfall and precipitation in millimeters is gradually declining.
One of the limitations of the study is that the data needs to be validated among the expert teams who were
focusing on the variability of rainfall in Kuwait and also to clarify if the gathered data is similar to the data that
was gathered by other people to employ similarities of the data and will lead to a multiple results which will be
beneficial to the analyses of the climate of the Kuwait. Also by having multiple data that can be relatable to the
variation of rainfall is highly necessary for further analysis of variation of rainfall in Kuwait, for example, is the
processes involved in the changes of precipitation in which the human activities are the main reason in
intensifying the state of climate change like burning of fossil fuels, wherein the burnt fossil fuels contributes to
changing the composition of the atmosphere by addition of carbon dioxide and aerosols. As what is stated in the
discussion, climate change can be the reason for the decline in the rainfall and precipitation in Kuwait, but it is
possible. Another variable that may lead to a conclusion that the climate change is the reason behind the decline
in the precipitation and a number of rainy days is the energy constraints wherein evaporation needs the energy to
contribute to the hydrological cycle. An increase in surface evaporation depends on the available energy in the
energy cycle. This point of view is usually underestimated in conducting the study related to environmental
analysis.
As what is stated and from above, the total amount of precipitation and a total number of rainy days per annum
is very vital in having an analysis of rainfall variation in Kuwait, and fortunately, many researchers and teams
are getting interested in conducting research similar to these. Maps of precipitation are now available and easy
to, access to, whether it is daily or hourly. Maps of precipitation across the globe can be accessed, and it is
usually updated every 3 to 6 hours. Given to this kind of advanced technology, an hourly precipitation analysis
should be taken into consideration and should be available in the near future. Given that the hourly precipitation
analyses are available soon, it will be beneficial to investigate and analyze the intensity and frequency of
precipitation across various climate regions. One of the future challenges of Kuwait is mainly in its amount of
precipitation and number or rainy days that they will encounter soon. To have an analysis further, there should
be a non-intermittency, comparison between land and ocean, and must have a variety of datasets that relate to
the hydrological variables.
In terms of intermittency, it is clearly seen that given in the arid environment, most of the time it does not
precipitate throughout the month or even months. If it is the rainy season, it is also seen from the study above
that the total number of rainy days is also lower. By having hourly values or data sets related to the variability of
rainfall, then it may give another hypothesis or theory that may lead to an answer to the imminent scenario. In
the available data for the study, it can be stated that intermittency was employed along the 49-years of gathered
data because the data has not been validated. If the data is well-validated, then look for another reason behind
the variability of rainfall. The validity of the data is necessary to make the study move valid and sound,
especially for this kind of research. If intermittency is unavoidable, then set a margin of error or percent error in
validating the available data to ensure the precision and accuracy of the available data and the result.

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 The variation of rain fall in Kuwiat from 1962 till 2010.
When it comes to the land and ocean, it must be compared to discuss first the water availability in the area.If the
water availability in the area is lesser, then it must be concluded that due to the scarcity of water in the
surroundings leads to lesser precipitation. By having specific details about the water availability of the country,
then it can be compared to the gathered data. Given that Kuwait lies near the Persian Gulf, which is an extension
of the Indian Ocean, then there must be a factor on why the amount of precipitation in Kuwait is declining
through the years. With the data of temperature in the location which affects the precipitation, there is a huge
difference in water availability and can be projected to change.
By having only two datasets containing the total number of rainy days per month and the total amount of
precipitation in millimeters, it is not messy to deal with, and two came up with a possible hypothesis and the
result, but it lacks substance and an explanation on determining the variability of rainfall in Kuwait. By having a
variety of datasets in analyzing the variability of the rainfall in Kuwait, the study will be messy, but after a
rigorous investigation with proper employment of techniques and the formulation of analyses, then the study
will have a more substance and can give further explanation to the variables that are being studied. Also, having
a variety of datasets would lead to the formulation of different models necessary for the analysis of the study
and may contribute to those researchers who are needing the analyses of data. In addition, there will be an
enough confidence in presenting the results shown in the formulated model because it is well-supported by the
multiple data.
Overall, it is clearly shown and can be stated that the reason behind the variation of rainfall in Kuwait is due to
the worsening state of climate change and it is even worse than we thought. The decline may give impacts to the
environment by having droughts, to the livelihood of the farmers who are largely dependent on water, and even
to the public health which can lead to numerous illnesses and diseases. Even though the extremes are increasing,
the study is very beneficial in managing and using the water resources, planning the alternative move when the
situation got worse, to predict the next possible year of intense rainfall, and the study is also concerned about
how to save water in times of excess and those times when water resource is too little.

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DOI: 10.9790/1813-0604023239 www.theijes.com Page 39