You are on page 1of 6

SENDER

Polynomial X16 + X15 + X14 + X13 + X12 + X11 +

Data 1

Pattern

Data expressed in
polynomial format X11 +

FCS = 3 bits which means that 000 are added to the end of the data
1 1 0 1
Shifted Polynomial
data X14 +

Polynomial Pattern X3 +

X11 + X7 +

X3 + X2 + X0 (1) X14 + X13 +


X14 + X13 +

FCS= X1 + X0 =011 in binary because of three bits for FCS


X10 + X9 + X8 + X7 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X3 +

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

X10 + X8 + X7 + X6 + X3 + X2 + X1 *

1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

X13 + X11 + X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4

X2 + X0

X4 + X2 + X1 + X0

X11 + X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4
X11
X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4
X10 + X9 + X7
X7 + X6 + X5 + X4
X7 + X6 + X4
X5
X5 + X4 + X2
X4 + X2
X4 + X3 + X1
X3 + X2 + X1
X3 + X2 + X0
X1 + X0

ee bits for FCS


X2 + X1 + X0 +

1 1 0

1 0 1

X3

0 0 0
RECEIVER
Polynomial X16 + X15 + X14 + X13 + X12 + X11 +

Data 1

Pattern

Data expressed
in polynomial
format X11 +

FCS = 011 which needs to be added to the data at the end

Data + FCS 1 1 0 1

Shifted
Polynomial data X14 +

Polynomial
Pattern X3 +

X11 + X7 +

X3 + X2 + X0 X14 + X13 +
X14 + X13 +

FCS= zero so no errors detected. Transmission successful


X10 + X9 + X8 + X7 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X3 +

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

X10 + X8 + X7 + X6 + X3 + X2 + X1

1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

X13 + X11 + X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X1 +

X2 + X0

X4 + X2 + X1 + X0

X11 + X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X1 + X0
X11
X10 + X9 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X1 + X0
X10 + X9 + X7
X7 + X6 + X5 + X4 + X1 + X0
X7 + X6 + X4
X5 X1 + X0
X5 + X4 + X2
X4 + X2 + X1 + X0
X4 + X3 + X1
X3 + X2 + X0
X3 + X2 + X0
0
X2 + X1 + X0 +

1 1 0

1 0 1

0 1 1

X0

You might also like