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    HafizAhmad
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    The document provides information about various historical places in Pakistan and famous battles throughout world history. It lists over 25 historical places in Pakistan along with their locations, including Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Taxila, Badshahi Mosque, Shalimar Gardens, and more. It also summarizes over 30 famous world battles from 490 BC to WWI, noting the key combatants and outcomes of battles such as Marathon, Thermoplyae, Waterloo, and others.

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    The document provides information about various historical places in Pakistan and famous battles throughout world history. It lists over 25 historical places in Pakistan along with their locations, including Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Taxila, Badshahi Mosque, Shalimar Gardens, and more. It also summarizes over 30 famous world battles from 490 BC to WWI, noting the key combatants and outcomes of battles such as Marathon, Thermoplyae, Waterloo, and others.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    516 views182 pages

    Historical Places of Pakistan Mcqs

    Uploaded by

    HafizAhmad
    The document provides information about various historical places in Pakistan and famous battles throughout world history. It lists over 25 historical places in Pakistan along with their locations, including Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Taxila, Badshahi Mosque, Shalimar Gardens, and more. It also summarizes over 30 famous world battles from 490 BC to WWI, noting the key combatants and outcomes of battles such as Marathon, Thermoplyae, Waterloo, and others.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 182

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    PakistanStudiesMcqs,Basic

    McqsAboutHistoricalPlacesofPakistan
    HistoricalPlacesofPakistan

    1.InwhichHiranminarislocated?
    A.Lahore
    B.Peshawar
    C.Sheikhupura
    D.Vehari
    Answeris=C

    2.Harappaislocatedonthebankof
    A.RaviRiver
    B.ChenabRiver
    C.SutlejRiver
    D.IndusRiver
    Answeris=A

    3.Mohanjodaroislocatedonthebankof
    A.RaviRiver
    B.ChenabRiver
    C.SutlejRiver
    D.IndusRiver
    Answeris=D

    4.BhamboreisanArachaeologicalsitelocatedin
    A.Punajab
    B.Sindh
    C.Balochistan
    D.KhyberPakhunkhwa
    Answeris=B

    5.Nimogramisahistoricalplacelocatedinwhichprovince?
    A.Punjab
    B.Sindh
    C.Balochistan
    D.KhyberPakhunkhwa
    Answeris=D

    6.InwhichoffollowingdistrictsHarappaislocated?
    A.Peshawar
    B.Sheikhupura
    C.Lahore
    D.Sahiwal
    Answeris=D

    7.InwhichofthefollowingdistrictsMahenjodaroislocated?

    A.Larkana
    B.Thatta
    C.Dadu
    D.Khairpur
    Answeris=A

    8.Taxilauniversitywasestablishedbytheking
    A.Ashoka
    B.Mahweer
    C.Akbar
    D.Babar
    Answeris=A

    9.Jinnahgardenislocatedinthe
    A.Lahore
    B.Karachi
    C.Ziarat
    D.Multan
    Answeris=A

    10.ChangeMangaForestandNationalParkislocatednearthe
    A.Multan
    B.Sheikhupura
    C.Lahore
    D.Karachi
    Answeris=C

    11.BadshahimosquelocatedinLahorewasbuiltby
    A.Aurangzebalamgir
    B.Shahjahan
    C.Akbar
    D.Jahangir
    Answeris=A

    12.Shalimargardenislocatedinthecityof
    A.Lahore
    B.Karachi
    C.Multan
    D.Taxila
    Answeris=A

    13.ShalimarGardenwasbuitin
    A.1632
    B.1642
    C.1648
    D.1652
    Answeris=B

    14.BadshahiMosquewasbuiltin
    A.1670
    B.1674
    C.1676
    D.1678
    Answeris=B

    15.NoorJehantombislocatedin
    A.Kabul
    B.Agra
    C.Lahore
    D.Multan
    Answeris=C

    16.Lahorewasproperlywalledcitysurroundedbyhowmanygates?
    A.10
    B.12
    C.11
    D.14
    Answeris=B

    17.QutubudDinAibektombislocatedin
    A.Lahore
    B.Multan
    C.Agra
    D.Dehli
    Answeris=A

    18.GudwaraPanjasahibislocatedin
    A.HasanAbdal
    B.Attock
    C.Lahore
    D.Nankanasahib
    Answeris=A

    19.ShahFaisalMosqueislocatedin
    A.Islamabad
    B.Lahore
    C.Karachi
    D.Sargodha
    Answeris=A

    20.BabaBullehShahtombislocated
    A.Bahawalpur
    B.Multan
    C.Kasur
    D.Lahore
    Answeris=C

    21.LalshahbazQalandartombislocatedin
    A.Uch
    B.Daddu
    C.Thatta
    D.Sehwan
    Answeris=D

    22.BabaFaridGanjShakartombislocatedin
    A.Uch
    B.Multan
    C.Kasur
    D.Pakpatan
    Answeris=D

    23.KhawajaGhulamFaridtombislocatedin
    A.Mithankot
    B.Bahawalpur
    C.Kasur
    D.Pakpatan
    Answeris=A

    24.BahauddinZakariyatombislocatedin
    A.Peshawar
    B.Lahore
    C.Multan
    D.Bahawalpur
    Answeris=C

    25.WhichcityiscalledHeartofkhyberPakhtunkhwa?
    A.Mardan
    B.Swat
    C.Peshawar
    D.Topi
    Answeris=C

    26.SaintshahAbdulLatifBhitaitombislocatedin
    A.Sindh
    B.Punjab
    C.Balochistan
    D.KyberPakhtunkhwa
    Answeris=A

    WorldFamousBattlesHistory

    WorldFamousBattles
    BattleofMarathon

    490BC
    AtheniansandPersians.KingDariusofPersiadefeated.BattleofThermoplaye
    480BC
    SpartansledbyLeonidasandPersiansledbyXerexes.Greeksdefeated.
    BattleofSalamis
    480BC
    AthenianfleetandPersianfleetinbayofSalamisPersianfleetdefeated.

    BattleofPlatae
    479BC
    GreekandPersiansforcesdefeated.

    BattleofMycale
    479BC
    GreekandPersianfleetsPersianfleetdefeated.

    SpartanWarI(PeloponesianWar)
    459BC
    SpartaandAthens,lastedfor30years.

    SpartanWarII
    431BC421
    SpartaandAthensSpartansvictorious.

    BattleofArabia
    331BC
    GreekandPersianforcesGreeksvictorious.

    BattleofMagnesia
    190BC
    SyrianandRomanforcesSyrianforcesdefeated(NorthwestLydia).

    BattleofPharasalus
    48AD
    CaesardefeatedPompey.

    BattleofHastings
    1066
    William,theDuckofNormandydefeatedHarold,thekingofEngland.Englandcameunderthe
    controlofNormans.
    HundredyearWar
    1338
    1453
    FoughtbetweenFranceandEngland.
    ThecauseofthewarwasthesuccessionwasclaimedtothethroneofFrancewhichwasclaimed
    byEdwardIIIofEngland.ThewarwasresumebyHenryVandwasbroughttoanendbythe
    HeroismofJoanofArcAcountrygirlwhooverthrewthepowerofEngland.JohnofArcwas
    burntaliveatthestakesin1431.

    WaroftheRoses
    1455
    1485
    CivilWarinEnglandTheCauseofthe
    WarwasastruggleforthethroneoEnglandbetweenthetworoyalhousesofLancasterandYork.

    AngloSpanishWar
    (SpanisharmadaWar)
    1588
    SpanishandEnglandfleetsfoughtintheEnglandChannelTheEnglishfleetunderlordHoward
    DefeatedoftheSpanishArmada.

    Battleof

    GibraltarWay

    1607
    TheDutchdefeatedtheSpanishandPortuguese.

    ThirtyyearWar
    1618
    1648
    Statedasreligiouscumpoliticalwar
    BetweentheLutheransandCatholicsin
    Germanyanddevelopedintoaninternationalwar.

    CivilWarinEngland
    1642
    1649
    BetweenCavaliers(KingCharlesIsupporters)andforcesofParliamentledbyOliverCromwell,
    kingCharlesIexecuted.

    BattleofBlenheim
    1704
    EnglandandAustriaheadedbyMarlboroughdefendedFranceandRussia.
    WarofAustrian
    Succession
    1740
    1748
    QueenofAustria,MariaTheresa
    (daughterofCharlesVII)wasChallengedbykingFrederickIIofPrussia.EnglandSupportedthe
    QueenandFrederickIIwashelpedbyFrance.EndedwithaTreatyWhichrecognizedtheQueens
    righttothethroneafterthedeathofkingFrederick.

    SevenYearWar
    (AngloFrenchWarIII)
    1756
    1763
    BritainandFranceagainstAustriaand
    PrussiatheBritishalliancewon.

    BattleoftheNile
    1798
    BritishandFrenchfleets,Britainvictorious.

    BattleofTrafolgar
    1805
    BritishfleetdefeatedfleetsofFranceandSpain.BritishfleetswerecommandedbyAdmiral
    Nelson,whowaskilledduringtheBattle.

    BattleofAusterliz
    1805
    Britain,Austria,RussiaandPrussia.OnsideandFranceontheother.Napoleon(France)
    defeatedAustriaandRussia.

    BattleofBorodino
    1812
    BetweenFranceandRussia.NapoleaninvadedRussiaatBorodino,andnearlydefeatedthe
    Russians.HoweveronreachingMoscow,hisarmysufferedheavylossesandwasforcedto
    retreat.NapoleansillfatedattackonRussiamarketthebeginningofthedownfalloftheFrench
    Empire.

    BattleofLeipzing
    1813
    GermanyandcombinedforceofAustria,PrussiaandRussia,DefeatedNapolean.

    BattleofWaterloo
    1815
    BritishforcesandbyDukeofWellington(sirArthurWellesly)defeatedFrenchforcesledby
    Napolean.NapoleanwasCapturedandexiledtoSt.Helenawherehediedin1821.

    FirstOpiumWar
    1840
    ChinaandBritainChineseyieldedopium.Itwasatradewar.

    CrimeanWar
    1854
    1856
    TheCombinedforcesoftheBritish,
    FrenchandTurksdefeatedRussia.

    AmericanCivilWar
    1861
    1865
    NorthernstatesofAmericaunder
    AbrahamLincondefeatedtheSouthernstatesandabolishedtheslavery.

    SinoJapaneseWar
    1894
    1895
    JapanDefeatedChinaandoccupied
    FormosaandKorea.

    BattleofOmdurman
    1898
    TheBritishandEgyptianforcesdefeated
    TheforcesofKhalifa(Mehdits).

    BearWar
    1899
    1901
    TherevoltofTransvaalBoerswas
    SuppressedbytheBritishforces.BoersbelongedtoDutchProtestantstockwhoopposed
    BritishersbecauseofabolitionofslaverybyBritain.

    RussoJapaneseWar
    (BattleofPortArthur&BattleofYalu)
    1904
    1905
    RussiaandJapanintheseaofJapan.
    RussiadefeatedItledthewaveoftheideaofAsianResurgence.
    BalkanWarI
    1912
    TurkeyandBalkancountries(Montenegro,Serbia,BulgariaandGreece),Turkeydefeated.

    BalkanWarII
    1913
    InvasionofSerbiaandGreecebyBulgaria.BulgariawasDefeatedbyCombinedforcesofSerbia,
    Greece.Rumania,MontengrowhostrippedTurkeyofmostofitsEuropeanterritories.

    worldWarI
    1914
    1918
    CentralPower(Germanyanditsallies)
    AgainsttheAlliedPower(Britainanditsallies)Centralpowerweredeeated.FamousBattles:(1).
    FirstbattleofMarne(1914)FrancedefeatedGermany.
    (2).BattleoJutland(1916)NavalbattlebetweenEnglandandGermany.Englanddefeated
    Germany.(3).BattleofVerdun(1916)FoughtbetweenFrance&Germany.(4).Secondbattleof
    Marne(1918)FrancedefeatedGermany.

    WorldWarII
    1939
    1945
    AxisPowers(Germanyanditsallies)

    UNITSOFMEASUREMENT
    1horsepoweris745.7watts
    1horsepower=workequaltolifting550lbsofweighttoonefootforonesecond
    1calorieisequalto4.2Joules
    1barrelisequalto159liters
    6feet=1fathom
    1kwh=3.6x10power6joules
    A100wattbulblightsfor1houruses100watthourofelectricity
    273degreecentigradeiscalledabsolutezerotemperature.
    Standardpressureis760mmor14.7lb/in2
    Grossisequalto12dozens
    Mach2=500milesperhour
    1nauticalmile=1825meters
    UnitofpressureisPascal
    ForceismeasuredinNewton(SI),Dyne(CGS)
    At40degFFahrenheitscaleisequaltocentigradescale
    HertzandAngstromareunitsoffrequency
    UnitsofworkandenergyareJouleandErg(CGS)
    Diopterisunitofpoweroflens
    Unitisdensityiskg/m3
    Unitofpoweriswatt,BTU(BoardofTradeUnit)
    UnitofelectricchargeisCoulomb
    Unitofvoltageisvolt
    Unitofelectricresistanceisohm
    UnitofcapacitanceisFarad
    UnitofmagneticfluxisWeber,Tesla
    UnitofradioactivityisBecquerel
    Unitofluminousintensityiscandle,lux
    UnitofcrudeoilisBarrel
    Unitofvolumeofwateriscusec,cubic/sec
    UnitofadmittanceisMho
    Unitofintensityorloudnessofsoundisbel
    UnitofviscosityisPoise
    UnitofflightspeedisMachI
    Unitofatmosphericpressureismillibar
    UnitofwavelengthoflightisAngstrom
    UnitofenergyisElectronvolt
    UnitofbrightnessisLambert
    UnitofluminousfluxisLumen
    IntensityofilluminationorunitofluminosityisLux,CandelaandCandlepower
    UnitofmagneticpolestrengthisWeber
    UnitofRAD(RadiationAbsorbedDose)isGray
    UnitofElectricCurrentisAmpere
    UnitofinductanceisHenry
    Unitofconductanceissiemens.
    UnitofheatisJoule,Calorie,BTU(BritishThermalUnit)
    Radioactivityismeasuredincurrie
    Rutherford:strengthofradioactivity
    Torr:pressure
    Fermi:length[Aunitoflengthequaltoonefemtometer(1015meter)]
    Svedbergunit:sedimentationrate
    Dioptre:poweroflense
    Mho:conductivity
    Henry:inductance
    Maxwell:magneticflux
    Becquerel:radioactivity
    Kilowatthour:power
    Coulomb:unitofelectricalcharge
    Weber:unitofmagneticflux
    Tesla:unitofmagneticfluxdensity
    Siemen:unitofconductance
    Rutherford:unitofrateofdecayofradioactivematerial
    Faraday:unitofelectriccharge
    Angstrom:unitoflength,usedespeciallytospecifyradiationwavelengths
    Parsec:unitofastronomicallength
    Degree:unitofmeasurementofanangle
    Steradian:Unitofsolidanglemeasurement
    DyneisaunitofForce.
    SIunitofpressureisPascal.
    Curieisaunitof:radioactivity
    PascalSoundPressure
    TorrPressure
    CurieIntensityofradioactivity
    AngstromUnitoflength
    LightyearThedistancelighttravelsinayear
    DioptreLensrefractivepower
    HorsepowerUnitofPower
    RadianUnitofangularmeasure
    CandelaUnitofluminousintensity
    Moleunitofamountofsubstance
    WhatismeasuredinunitscalledphonSound192
    WhatismeasuredingrainsfourgrainstoacaratPearls
    UnitofelectromotiveforceinVolt.
    WhatistheSIunitofilluminationLux
    Grossisequalto12dozen.
    Ozoneismeasuredinpercentage.
    AnobjecttravelingatMach2istravelingapproximatelyat500mph.(chk)
    WhatismeasuredontheGayLussacscale:Alcoholstrength
    Chronometerisusedtomeasuretime
    AnemometerisusedtomeasureWindSpeed
    TheclusecistheunitmeasuringthepowerofwhatVacuumpumps
    OnemillioncyclespersecondiscalledMegahertz.
    0.200gramsareequaltoonecarat.
    Voltammeterisanelectrolyticcellforconductingelectrolyticdissociationofelectrolyte.
    8furlongsmakeonemile.
    Abillioncontain1000million.Ithas9zeroes.Similarlyatrillionhas12zeroes,aquadrillion15zeroes,a
    quintillion18zeroesandadecillion33zeroes.
    Oneinchisequalto2.5400cmsandonemileisequalto1.6093kms.
    OnemicronisequaltoOnethousandthofamillimeter.
    2.47105acresisequaltowhatSIunitHectare
    WhatworddescribesonetenthofanauticalmileCable
    WhatismeasuredontheTorroscaleTornados
    unitofsoundnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBellDecibel
    ThedensitySmokeismeasuredontheRngelmannscale
    UnitofelectromotiveforceinVolt.
    PowerismeasuredinWatts(w).
    ResistancewasdiscoveredbyGirgeOhmin1826,andismeasuredinohms.
    Electricitydoesnotflowthroughacircuitbyitself.Itneedsapush,orenergy,tokeepitmoving.Wecall
    thisenergythevoltageofthecircuit.Voltageismeasuredinvolts(v).
    TheGermanscientistGeorgeOhm(17871854)isbestrememberedforworkingoutohmslaw.He
    discoveredthattheyvoltageacrossaconductorsuchasatripofmetalorawireandthecurrentfollowing
    throughitalwaysvaryinthesameproportion.Soifyoudoublethevoltage,youdoublethecurrent.Thisis
    incrediblyusefulbecauseitletsyoupredictthecurrentyouwillgetforaparticularvoltage.
    ThethicknessofsilkismeasuredinwhatDenier
    Ohmslawdoesnotapplytosemiconductorsandconductorswhenthereischangeintemperature.
    Inourhousesweget220Va.c.Thevalueof220Vrepresentstheeffectivevoltage.
    Oneunitofelectricpowerisconsumedwhen10Aofcurrentflowsfor1hourat100V.1Unit=1kwhr=
    1000whr=100x10x1hr
    Ifthesamenoteisplayedonafluteandasitar,onecanstilldistirguishb/wthembecausetheydifferin
    quality.
    Anegativelychargedglassrodhasalwayslessprotonsthanelectrons.
    ThewavelengthoftheXraysisoftheorderof0.1nanometer.
    Red,greenandblueareknownasprimarycolours.Thesearecolourswhichcannotbeproducedby
    mixingwithothercolours.
    Scatteringoflight___thedurationoftheday(make)
    OilrisesinawickofoillamponaccountofapropertyofmattercalledCapillaryAction
    aprimarycellcan___bechargedagain(not)
    Whenapersoncanseenearerobjectsbutnotthedistantonesheissaidtobesufferingfrom:
    nearsightedness(myopia)
    ATPisamoleculecontaininghighenergybonds.
    Anexampleofinorganiccompoundiscarbonmonoxide.
    Thetimeperiodofapendulumonmoonincreases.
    ClinicalthermometerusuallymeasuresinFahrenheit.
    Tubelightemitsradiationevenafteritisdisconnected.ItisduetoFluorescence.
    ShortsightednesscanbecorrectedwiththeuseofConcave.
    RectifierconvertsACintoDC
    AtomicweightofchemicalcompoundsisdeterminedbyMassspectroscopy.
    Atomicpileisaplacewherenuclearfissionismade.
    DrinkersapparatusisformeasuringtheamountofAlcoholintheblood.
    Dewarsflaskiscalledasthermos.

    Theconversionofgasesintoliquidunderhighpressureandlowtemperatureiscalledregulation.
    Ifagreenleafisseeninaredlightitscolorwillbeblack.
    EmergeofVIBGYORfromonesideoftheprismisduetorefractionanddispersionoflight.
    Oxidationistheprocessinwhichelectronislost.
    Halftimeisatimeofradioactivesubstancetakenbythatsubstancetodecomposeradioactivitytohalfof
    itsweight.
    LightenergyisstoredintheformofchemicalenergyduetotheactivityofChloroplast.
    Sunlightiscomposedofsevencolours
    OilrisesinawickofoillamponaccountofapropertyofmattercalledCapillaryAction
    WhatisaFataMorganaTypeofMirage

    Freontrademarkforanyofanumberofchemicalcompoundscontainingfluorine,andoftenchlorineor
    bromine.Use:assolvents,asaerosolpropellants,inrefrigeration.Itiscommonlyusedinrefrigerator.

    Britain VictoriaCross Pakistan NishaniHaider

    OrderofthePatriotic
    Germany IronCross Russia War

    India PardamVirChakra USA VictoryMedal

    TheOrderofthe
    Japan OrderoftheRisingSun Denmark Elephant

    NoblePrizeListAndInformationMcqs
    NoblePrizeListandInformationMcqs
    ListofMuslimNoblelaureate:
    NameCountryDisciplineYear
    AnwarAlsaadat(Egypt)Peace1978
    Dr.AbdusSalam(Pakistan)Physics1979
    NaguibMahfouz(Egypt)Literature1988
    YasserArafat(Egypt)Peace1994
    AhmedZewail(Egypt)Chemistry1999
    ShireenEbadi(Iran)Peace2003
    MohammadElbradai(Egypt)Peace2005
    OrhanPamuk(Turkey)Literature2006
    MuhammadYunus(Bangladesh)Peace2006
    TawakelkarmanYemenPeace2011
    ListoffamousNoblelaureateinPhysics:AlbertEinstein(1921),SirJamesChadwick(1935),
    WilhelmC.Rntgen(1901),PierreCurie(1903),GeorgesCharpak(1992),AndreGeim(2010)
    ListofnoblelaureateinPeace:MartinLutherKingJr.(1964),NelsonMendela(1993),Mother
    Teresa(1993),JeanH.Dunant(1901),TheodoreRoosevelt(1906),EU(2012),InternationalAtomic
    EnergyAgency(IAEA)(2005),JimmyCarter(2002),AmnestyInternational(1977),OfficeofUN
    HighCommissionforRefugees(1954)
    ListofnoblelaureateinChemistry:SirWilliamRamsay(1904),ErnestRutherford(1908),Fritz
    Haber(1918),HansFischer(1930),OttoHahn(1944),MelvinCalvin(1961),PaulJ.Flory(1974),
    HenryTaube(1983),PeterAgre(2003),
    ListofnoblelaureateinLiterature:RabindranathTagore(1913),JeanPaulSartre(1964
    declined),GeorgeBernardShaw(1925),T.S.Eliot(1948),SirWinstonChurchill(1953),Pablo
    Neruda(1971)
    ListofnoblelaureateinPhysiologyormedicine:FrancisCrick,JamesWatsonandMaurice
    Wilkins(1962),6.SirAlexanderFleming(1945),SirRonaldRoss(1902),RobertKoch(Germany),
    KarlLandsteiner(1930),HermannMuller(1946),RobertG.Edwards(2010),SydneyBrenner(2002)
    ListofnoblelaureateinEconomics:SirCliveGranger(2003),PaulA.Samuelson(1970),Milton
    Friedman(1976),HerbertA.Simon(1978),JamesTobin(1981),PaulKrugman(2008),AmartyaSen
    (1998),RobertM.Solow(1987).
    2012NobelPrizewinner:
    TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2012:SergeHarocheandDavidJ.Wineland:forgroundbreaking
    experimentalmethodsthatenablemeasuringandmanipulationofindividualquantumsystems
    TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2012:RobertJ.LefkowitzandBrianK.Kobilka:forstudiesof
    Gproteincoupledreceptors
    TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2012:SirJohnB.GurdonandShinyaYamanaka:for
    thediscoverythatmaturecellscanbereprogrammedtobecomepluripotent
    TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2012:MoYan:whowithhallucinatoryrealismmergesfolktales,
    historyandthecontemporary?
    TheNobelPeacePrize2012:EuropeanUnion(EU):foroversixdecadescontributedtothe
    advancementofpeaceandreconciliation,democracyandhumanrightsinEurope.

    EnglishWordMeaningForPCS,PMS&CSSExams
    AbbreviationAshortenedformofawordorphrase
    AbolishDoawaywithwholly
    AccelerateToincreasethespeedtohastentheprogressof
    AccountableLiabletobecalledtoaccount
    ActuaryOnewhocalculatespremium
    AdolescenceTheperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood
    AggravateToincreasethegravityofanoffenceortheintensityofadisease
    AggressorApersonwhoattacksfirst
    AgnosticOnewhodoubtstheexistenceofgod
    AlienateToturnfriendsinenemies
    AltruistApersonwholoveseverybody
    AmateurOnewhodoessomethingnotprofessionallybutforpleasure
    AmbidextrousOfapersonwhocanusebothhandsequallywell
    AmbiguousAsentencewhosemeaningisunclear
    AmbivalentHavingopposingfeelings
    AmnestyGeneralpardon
    AmphibianAlandanimalthatbreedsinwater
    AnarchistOnewhoisouttosubvertagovernment
    AnarchyAbsenceofgovernment
    AnonymousAbookwrittenbyanunknownauthor
    AnswerableApersonliabletobecalledtoaccountforhisaction
    AntedateTodatebeforethetruetime
    AnthropologyAstudyofman
    AntidoteAmedicinetocounteracttheeffectofanothermedicine
    AntisepticAmedicinethatpreventsdecomposing
    AntonymAwordoppositeinmeaningtoanother
    AppreciateToriseinvalue
    ArbitratorApersonappointedbypartiestosettlethedisputesbetweenthem
    ArchaeologyAstudyofancientthings
    AristocracyAGovernmentbytheNobles
    ArsenalAplacewhereweaponsandammunitionsarestored
    AtheistOnewhodoesnotbelieveintheexistenceofGod
    AudienceAnassemblyofhearersatalectureorconcert
    AuditorOnewhomakesanofficialexaminationofaccounts
    AutobiographyAlifehistorywrittenbyoneself
    AutocracyAGovernmentbyone
    AvariciousOfapersonextremelydesirousofmoney
    BeheadCutoffthehead
    BibliophileAgreatloverofbooks
    BigamyPracticeofhavingtwowivesorhusbands
    BigotOnewhohasnarrowandprejudicedreligiousviews
    BilingualApersonwhospeakstwolanguages
    BiographyAlifehistorywrittenbysomebodyelse
    BiologyThesciencewhichtreatswithlife
    BotanyThebranchofbiologydealingwithplantlife
    BrittleHardbutliabletobeeasilybroken
    BureaucracyAGovernmentbytheofficials
    CallousAmandevoidofkindfeelingandsympathy
    CannibalOfamanoranimalthatfeedsonitsownspecies
    CarnivorousAflesheatinganimal
    CatalogueAlistofbooks
    CelibacyAbstinencefromsex
    CelibateOnewhoisunmarried
    CentenarianApersonwhoisabovehundredyears
    CentenaryCelebrationofahundredthyear,onceacentury
    ColleagueAcoworkerorafellowworkerinthesameinstitution
    CongenitalBelongingorpertainingtoanindividualfrombirth
    ContemporariesPeoplelivingatthesametime
    ContemporaryBelongingtothesameperiodoftime
    ConvalescentOnewhoisrecoveringfromillness
    CosmologyScienceoforiginofuniverse
    CosmopolitanOnewhocanmakehimselfathomeinallcountries
    CosmopoliteAcitizenoftheworld
    CredulousApersonwhoreadilybelieveswhateveristoldtohim/her.
    CynicOnewhoquestionseverything
    DelegateTogiveone
    DemocracyGovernmentofthepeople,forthepeople,bythepeople
    DepreciateTogodowninvalue
    DeteriorateTogofrombadtoworse
    DisenfranchisementTotakeawaysomeone
    DrawAgameinwhichneitherpartywins
    Drawn/TieAgameorbatterinwhichneitherpartywins
    WordMeaning
    EccentricOnewhohasstrangehabits
    EcologyStudyofenvironment
    EdibleAthingthatisfittobeeaten
    EffeminateOfamanshowingfeminineattributes
    EgotistApersonwhoalwaysthinksofhimselfsomebodywhoisselfishorselfcentered
    EligibleOnewhoisqualifiesforelection
    ElucidateToexplainsomethingmysteriousordifficult
    EmbezzlementMisappropriationofmoney
    EmphasizeTolayspecialstresson
    EpicureSomebodywhohasrefinedtasteforfoodsomebodywholovessensualpleasureandluxury
    EpidemicAcontagiousdiseasewhichspreadsoverahugearea
    EpitaphInscriptiononatombstone
    EquestrianApersonwhoridesonhorseback
    EquilibriumAstateofperfectbalance
    EradicateDestroyorgetridofsomethingcompletelyrootoutanevilorbadpractice
    EthnologyAstudyofraces
    EtiquetteEstablishedrulesofconductrulesofacceptablebehavior
    EtymologyAstudyofderivationofwords
    ExonerateFreesomebodyfromblameorguilt
    ExtemporeAspeechdeliveredwithoutanypreviouspreparation
    FacsimileAnexactcopy
    FanaticAmanwhohastoomuchenthusiasmforhisownreligion
    FastidiousApersondifficulttoplease
    FatalAnythingthatleadstodeath
    FatalistApersonwhobelievesinfate
    FeministOnewhothinksonlyofwelfareofwomen
    ForegoneSomethingthathasbeendeterminedbeforehand
    FratricideThemurderormurdererofone
    GermicideAmedicinethatkillsgerms
    GluttonOnewhoeatstoomuch
    GratisWithoutpayment
    GregariousOfanimalslivinginflocks
    GullibleOnewhoiseasilydeceived
    HerbivorousAgrasseatinganimal
    HomicideMurderofahumanbeing
    HonoraryApositionforwhichnosalaryispaid
    HostilityIntenseaggressionorangerstateofantagonism
    HumanitarianOnewhofeelssympathetictowardshumanbeings
    HungAssemblyorparliamentinwhichnopartyhasgotclearmajority
    HypocriteOnewhopretendstobewhatheisnot
    IdiosyncrasyApersonspeculiarhabit
    IdolatryWorshipofidols
    IllegalThatwhichisagainstlaw
    IllegibleAhandwritingthatcannotberead
    IllicitThatisprohibitedbylaw
    IlliterateApersonwhocannotreadorwrite
    ImmigrantOnewholivesinaforeigncountry
    ImperceptibleThatwhichcannotbenoticed
    ImperviousApersonwhoremainsunmovedandunaffectedbyotherpeoplesopinions,suggestions
    ImpracticableThatwhichcannotbepracticed
    ImpregnableIncapableofbeingseizedbyattack
    ImprobableThatwhichisnotlikelytohappen
    InanimateWithoutlife
    InaudibleAsoundthatcannotbeheard
    IncomprehensibleAstatementwhichcannotbeunderstood
    IncorrigibleOnewhocannotbecorrected
    IncredibleThatwhichcannotbebelieved
    IncurableThatwhichcannotbecured
    IndefatigableOneincapableofbeingtired
    IndefensibleThatwhichcannotbedefended
    IndescribableThatwhichcannotbedescribed
    IndispensableSomethingthatisessentialandcannotbedispensedwith
    InevitableThatwhichcannotbeavoided
    InexplicableThatwhichcannotbeexplained
    InfallibleAremedywhichneverfails
    InfanticideTheactofkillinganinfant
    InflammableSomethingthatisquicklyandeasilysetonfireandburned
    InimitableAmethodthatcannotbeimitated
    InsatiableThatwhichcannotbesatisfied
    InsolubleIncapableofbeingdissolvedinaliquid
    InsolventOnewhoisunabletopayhisdebts
    IntestateOnewhodieswithoutaWill
    IntrospectionTheactionoflookingbackonpasttime
    InvincibleThatwhichcannotbeconquered
    InvisibleAthingthatcannotbeseenwithhumaneyes
    InvulnerableThatwhichcannotbehurt
    IrrelevantNotapplicable
    IrreparableAlossofdamagethatcannotbecompensated
    IrrevocableThatcannotbealteredorwithdrawn
    IrritableAmanwhoiseasilyirritated
    JurisdictionTheareaoverwhichanofficialhascontrol
    WordMeaning
    LegalThatwhichislawful
    MaidenThefirstspeechmadebyaperson
    ManuscriptHandwrittenbook
    MatineeAcinemashowwhichisheldintheafternoon
    MatricideKillingofonesownmotherkillerofonesownmother
    MedievalBelongingtotheMiddleAges
    MercenaryOnewhocandoanythingformoney
    MisanthropeOnewhohatesmankind
    MisanthropistHaterofmankind
    MisogamistApersonwhodoesnotbelieveintheinstitutionofmarriage
    MisogynistApersonwhohateswomen
    MobocracyRulebythemob
    MonarchyAGovernmentbyakingorqueen
    MonogamyPracticeofhavingonewifeorhusband
    NamesakeSomebodyorsomethingwiththesamenameassomebodyorsomethingelse
    NeophyteOnewhoisanewcomer
    NotoriousApersonwithanevilreputation
    NoviceOnewhoisnewtoatradeorprofession
    NumismaticsScienceofcoinsormedals
    ObsoleteAthingnolongerinuse
    OligarchyAGovernmentbythefew
    OmnipotentAllpowerfulpossessingcompletepowerandauthority
    OmnipresentOnewhoispresenteverywhere
    OmniscientApersonwhoknowseverything
    OmnivorousAnanimalorahumanbeingthateatsanykindoffood
    OpaqueThatthroughwhichlightcannotpass
    OptimistOnewholooksatthebrightsideofthingssomebodypositive
    OrnithologyAstudyofbirds
    OrphanageAplacewhereorphanslive
    PanaceaAsupposedcureforalldiseasesorproblems
    ParasiteApersonsupportedbyanotherandgivinghim/hernothinginreturn
    PatricideKillingofonesownfatherkillerofonesownfather
    PauperOnewhohasnomoney
    PedestrianOnewhogoesonfoot
    PessimistOnewholooksonthedarksideofthings
    PhilanthropistLoverofmankind
    PhilistineOnewhodoesnotcareforart,literatureetc
    PhysiologyAstudyofthebody
    PlagiaristOnewhocopiesfromotherwriters
    PlutocracyAGovernmentbytherich
    PolyandryPracticeofhavingseveralhusbands
    PolygamyPracticeofhavingseveralwives
    PolyglotOnewhoknowsmanylanguages
    PosthumousAbookpublishedafterthedeathofitsauthor
    PostmortemMedicalexaminationofadeadbody
    PostscriptAshortmessageaddedontotheendofaletterafterthesignature
    PotableWaterfitfordrinking
    PredatorAnanimalwhopreysonotheranimals
    PsephologySystematicstudyofelectiontrends
    PseudonymTowriteunderadifferentname
    RegicideMurderoftheking
    ReticentOnewhospeaksless
    SacrilegeViolatingthesanctityofachurch
    SamaritanOnewhohelpsothersGood
    SinecureAnofficewithhighsalarybutnowork
    SmugglerApersonwhoimportsorexportsgoodsintoorfromacountrysecretlybecausetheyareillegalor
    inordertoavoidpayingdutyonthem
    SoporificAdrugorothersubstancethatinducessleep
    StoicOnewhoisindifferenttopleasureorpain
    SuicideMurderofself
    SynonymsWordswhichhavethesamemeaning
    TheistOnewhobelievesinGod
    TranslucentThatthroughwhichlightcanpartlypass
    TransparentThatthroughwhichlightcanpass
    TurncoatOnewhochangessides
    ValetudinarianOnewhoalwaysthinkshimselftobeill
    VandalOnewhodamagespublicproperty
    VegetarianSomebodywhodoesnteatmeatorfish
    VenialApardonableoffense
    VentriloquistOnewhocanthrowhisvoice
    VeteranSomebodywhoisconsiderablyexperiencedinsomething
    VolunteerOnewhoworksforfree
    ZoologyAstudyofanimals
    ZoologyThebranchofbiologydealingwiththestudyofanimals

    AllAboutPkistanForcesForPublicServiceExam
    PkistanArmy
    Founded14August1947
    ArmySize550,000activetroops
    500,000reserves
    HeadquartersRawalpindi,GHQ
    MottoIman,Taqwa,JihadfiSabilillah
    ColorsGreenandWhite
    Wars.
    1947IndoPakistanWar
    1965IndoPakistanWar
    1971IndoPakistanWar
    SovietAfghanWar
    Siachenconflict
    KargilWar
    GlobalWaronTerror
    ListofChiefsofArmyStaffNo.Name
    1GeneralSirFrankMesservy
    2GeneralSirDouglasGracey
    3FieldMarshalMuhammadAyubKhan
    4GeneralMuhammadMusa
    5GeneralAghaMuhammadYahyaKhan
    6LieutenantGeneralGulHassanKhan
    7GeneralTikkaKhan
    8GeneralMuhammadZiaulHaq
    9GeneralMirzaAslamBeg
    10GeneralAsifNawaz
    11GeneralAbdulWaheed
    12GeneralJehangirKaramat
    13GeneralPervezMusharraf
    14GeneralAshfaqParvezKayani

    PakistanAirForce
    Founded14August1947
    Size65,000fulltimepersonnel
    (including3,000pilots)
    10,000reservists
    AirHeadquartersAHQ,Islamabad
    Engagements
    1947IndoPakWar
    1965RannofKutchSkirmish
    1965IndoPakWar
    1971IndoPakWar
    19791988SovietAfghanWar
    1999KargilConflict
    20012002IndoPakStandoff
    WarinNorthWestPakistan(2007present)
    PastChiefsoftheAirStaffNo.Name
    AirForceCommanderinChief,RoyalPakistanAirForce(RAF2starAirViceMarshal)
    1AirViceMarshalAllanPerryKeene
    2AirViceMarshalSirRichardAtcherley
    3AirViceMarshalLeslieWilliamCannon
    4AirViceMarshalSirArthurMcDonald
    AirForceCommanderinChief,PakistanAirForce(PAF3starAirMarshal)
    5AirMarshalAsgharKhan
    6AirMarshalNurKhan
    7AirMarshalAbdulRahimKhan
    8AirMarshalZafarChaudhry
    ChiefoftheAirStaffofPakistanAirForce((CAS)ofPAF,4starAirChiefMarshal)
    9AirChiefMarshalZulfiqarAliKhan
    10AirChiefMarshalAnwarShamim
    11AirChiefMarshalJamalA.Khan
    12AirChiefMarshalHakimullah
    13AirChiefMarshalFarooqFerozeKhan
    14AirChiefMarshalAbbasKhattak
    15AirChiefMarshalParvaizMehdiQureshi
    16AirChiefMarshalMushafAliMir
    17AirChiefMarshalKaleemSaadat
    18AirChiefMarshalTanvirMahmoodAhmed
    19AirChiefMarshalRaoQamarSuleman

    PakistanNavy
    FoundedAugust14,1947
    NavySize22,000activepersonnel
    5,000reserves
    71ships
    40aircraft
    NavalHeadquarters(NHQ)Islamabad,NHQ
    NavyDayisonSeptember8
    ListofPastChiefsoftheNavalStaffNo.Name
    NavalCommanderinChief,RoyalPakistanNavy(RNRearAdmiral)
    1RearAdmiralJamesWilfredJefford
    NavalCommanderinChief,PakistanNavy(3starViceAdmirals)
    2ViceAdmiralHajiMohammadSiddiqChoudri
    3ViceAdmiralAfzalRahmanKhan
    4ViceAdmiralSyedMohammadAhsan
    5ViceAdmiralMuzaffarHassan
    6ViceAdmiralHasanHafeezAhmed
    ChiefofNavalStaff(CNS)ofPakistanNavy(4starAdmirals)
    7AdmiralMohammadShariff
    8AdmiralKaramatRahmanNiazi
    9AdmiralTariqKamalKhan
    10AdmiralIftikharAhmedSirohey
    11AdmiralYasturulHaqMalik
    12AdmiralSaeedMohammadKhan
    13(deposedAdmiral)MansurulHaq
    14AdmiralFasihBokhari
    15AdmiralAbdulAzizMirza
    16AdmiralShahidKarimullah
    17AdmiralMuhammadAfzalTahir
    18AdmiralNomanBashir
    19AdmiralAsifSandila

    Top100Books&TheirWrittersForOnePaperMcqsExam
    Top100Books
    1PrideandPrejudiceJaneAusten
    2TheLordoftheRingsJRRTolkien
    3JaneEyreCharlotteBronte
    4HarryPotterseriesJKRowling
    5ToKillaMockingbirdHarperLee
    6TheBible
    7WutheringHeightsEmilyBronte
    8NineteenEightyFourGeorgeOrwell
    9HisDarkMaterialsPhilipPullman
    10GreatExpectationsCharlesDickens
    11LittleWomenLouisaMAlcott
    12TessoftheDUrbervillesThomasHardy
    13Catch22JosephHeller
    14CompleteWorksofShakespearereadsome,butnotothers
    15RebeccaDaphneDuMaurier
    16TheHobbitJRRTolkien
    17BirdsongSebastianFaulk
    18CatcherintheRyeJDSalinger
    19TheTimeTravellersWifeAudreyNiffenegger
    20MiddlemarchGeorgeEliot
    21GoneWithTheWindMargaretMitchell
    22TheGreatGatsbyFScottFitzgerald
    23BleakHouseCharlesDickens
    24WarandPeaceLeoTolstoy
    25TheHitchHikersGuidetotheGalaxyDouglasAdams
    26BridesheadRevisitedEvelynWaugh
    27CrimeandPunishmentFyodorDostoyevsky
    28GrapesofWrathJohnSteinbeck
    29AliceinWonderlandLewisCarroll
    30TheWindintheWillowsKennethGrahame
    31AnnaKareninaLeoTolstoy
    32DavidCopperfieldCharlesDickens
    33ChroniclesofNarniaCSLewis
    34EmmaJaneAusten
    35PersuasionJaneAusten
    36TheLion,TheWitchandTheWardrobe
    37TheKiteRunnerKhaledHosseini
    38CaptainCorellisMandolinLouisDeBernieres
    39MemoirsofaGeishaArthurGolden
    40WinniethePoohAAMilne
    41AnimalFarmGeorgeOrwell
    42TheDaVinciCodeDanBrown
    43OneHundredYearsofSolitudeGabrielGarciaMarquez
    44APrayerforOwenMeaneyJohnIrving
    45TheWomaninWhiteWilkieCollins
    46AnneofGreenGablesLMMontgomery
    47FarFromTheMaddingCrowdThomasHardy.
    48TheHandmaidsTaleMargaretAtwood
    49LordoftheFliesWilliamGolding
    50AtonementIanMcEwan
    51LifeofPiYannMartel
    52DuneFrankHerbert
    53ColdComfortFarmStellaGibbons
    54SenseandSensibilityJaneAusten
    55ASuitableBoyVikramSeth.
    56TheShadowoftheWindCarlosRuizZafon
    57ATaleOfTwoCitiesCharlesDickens
    58BraveNewWorldAldousHuxley
    59TheCuriousIncidentoftheDogintheNighttimeMarkHaddon
    60LoveInTheTimeOfCholeraGabrielGarciaMarquez
    61OfMiceandMenJohnSteinbeck
    62LolitaVladimirNabokov
    63TheSecretHistoryDonnaTartt
    64TheLovelyBonesAliceSebold
    65CountofMonteCristoAlexandreDumas
    66OnTheRoadJackKerouac
    67JudetheObscureThomasHardy
    68BridgetJonessDiaryHelenFielding
    69MidnightsChildrenSalmanRushdie
    70MobyDickHermanMelville
    71OliverTwistCharlesDickens
    72DraculaBramStoker
    73TheSecretGardenFrancesHodgsonBurnett
    74NotesFromASmallIslandBillBryson
    75UlyssesJamesJoyce
    76TheBellJarSylviaPlath
    77SwallowsandAmazonsArthurRansome
    78GerminalEmileZola
    79VanityFairWilliamMakepeaceThackeray
    80PossessionASByatt.
    81AChristmasCarolCharlesDickens
    82CloudAtlasDavidMitchell
    83TheColorPurpleAliceWalker
    84TheRemainsoftheDayKazuoIshiguro
    85MadameBovaryGustaveFlaubert
    86AFineBalanceRohintonMistry
    87CharlottesWebEBWhite
    88TheFivePeopleYouMeetInHeavenMitchAlbom
    89AdventuresofSherlockHolmesSirArthurConanDoyle
    90TheFarawayTreeCollectionEnidBlyton
    91HeartofDarknessJosephConrad
    92TheLittlePrinceAntoineDeSaintExupery
    93TheWaspFactoryIainBanks
    94WatershipDownRichardAdams
    95AConfederacyofDuncesJohnKennedyToole
    96ATownLikeAliceNevilShute
    97TheThreeMusketeersAlexandreDumas
    98HamletWilliamShakespeare
    99CharlieandtheChocolateFactoryRoaldDahl
    100LesMiserablesVictorHugo

    NationalHighwayAndMotorwayInPakistanMcqs
    N5
    KarachiThattaHyderabadMoroMultanSahiwalLahoreJhelumRawalpindiPeshawarTorkham
    (GrandTrunkRoad)1819KM
    N10LyariGwadarGabd(MakranCoastalHighway)653KM
    N15MansehraNaranJhalkhand240KM
    N25KarachiBelaKhuzdarKalatQuettaChaman(RCDHighway)813KM
    N35HasanAbdalAbbottabadThakotGilgitKhunjerab(KarakoramHighway,KKH)806KM
    N40LakpassNaukundiTaftan610KM
    N45NowsheraDirChitral309KM
    N50KuchlackZhobDeraIsmailKhan531KM
    N55KotriShikarpurDeraGhaziKhanKohatPeshawar(IndusHighway)1264KM
    N65SukkurSibiSaryab385KM
    N70QilaSaifullahLoralaiDeraGhaziKhanMultan447KM
    N75IslamabadSatraMileLowerTopa(Murree)Kohala(MurreeExpressway)90KM
    N80TarnolKohat144KM
    S1GilgitSkardu167KM
    S2KohalaMuzaffarabad40KM

    MOTORWAYSINPAKISTAN
    TherearetenmotorwaysinPakistan,outofwhichonlytheM2andM3havebeencompleted.The
    M1andpartoftheM8andM10areunderconstructionandarescheduledtobecompletedin2007.
    M1IslamabadtoPeshawar
    M2LahoretoIslamabad
    M3PindiBhattiantoFaisalabad
    M4FaisalabadtoMultan
    M5MultantoDeraGhaziKhan
    M6DeraGhaziKhantoRatodero
    M7KakkarviaDurejitoKarachi
    M8GwadartoRatodero
    M9KarachitoHyderabad
    M10KarachiNorthernBypass
    M2LahoretoSialkot

    KarakoramHighway
    TheKarakoramHighway(KKH)isthehighestpavedinternationalroadintheworld.Itconnects
    ChinaandPakistanacrosstheKarakorammountainrange,throughtheKhunjerabPass,atan
    altitudeof4,693metres(15,397feet),byfarthehighestpavedinternationalbordercrossinginthe
    world.ItconnectsChinasXinjiangregionwithPakistansNorthernAreasandalsoservesasa
    populartouristattraction.

    MakranCoastalHighway
    TheMakranCoastalHighwayislocatedprimarilyinBalochistan,Pakistan.ItfollowstheArabianSea
    coastfromKarachitoGwadar.

    MostImportantEnglishIdiomsForPSC,CSS,PMSExam
    ABirdInTheHandIsWorthTwoInTheBush
    Danhasaskedmetogotoapartywithhim.Whatifmyboyfriendfindsout?Reply:Dontgo.Abirdinthe
    handisworthtwointhebush.

    ABlessingInDisguise
    Mycarbrokedownagain,butmaybeitwasablessingindisguiseIvebeenwastingtoomuchtimedriving
    aroundanyway.

    AChipOnYourShoulder
    Whatsbotheringthatguy?Answer:Nothinghesjustgotachipontheshoulder.

    ADimeADozen
    Idontneedfriendslikehimtheyareadimeadozen.

    ADropInTheBucket
    IdliketodosomethingtochangetheworldbutwhateverIdoseemslikeadropinthebucket.

    AFoolAndHisMoneyAreEasilyParted
    Example:Herhusbandcantseemtoholdontoanyamountofmoneyheeitherspendsitorlosesit.Afool
    andhismoneyareeasilyparted.

    APennySavedIsAPennyEarned
    Imgoingtogiveyou$20butIwantyoutoputitinthebankapennysavedisapennyearned!

    APieceOfCake
    Doyouthinkyouwillwinyourtennismatchtoday?Answer:Itwillbeapieceofcake.

    AShotInTheDark
    Thatwassuchadifficultquestion!Howdidyougetitright?Reply:Ijusttookashotinthedark.

    ASlapOnTheWrist
    Heshouldbeinjailforwhathedid,buthegotoffwithjustaslaponthewrist.

    ASlipOfTheTongue
    Becarefultalkingtothepolicetomorrowoneslipofthetonguecouldgetusintobigtrouble.
    ATasteOfYourOwnMedicine
    Itlookslikeshegotatasteofherownmedicine.

    ATossUp
    Doyouthinktheyllmakeitonetime?Answer:Ireallydontknow.Itsatossup.

    AWolfInSheepsClothing
    Donttrustthesalespeopleatthatstoretheyareallwolvesinsheepsclothing!

    AboutFace
    Doanaboutface,getbackinthatbathroom,andbrushyourteeth!

    AbsenceMakesTheHeartGrowFonder
    Thetimewespendaparthasbeengoodforusabsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.

    ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords
    Donttellmehowtodothisshowme!Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

    AddFuelToTheFire
    Iwouldliketodosomethingtohelp,butIdontwanttoaddfueltothefire.

    AgainstTheClock
    Weworkedagainsttheclockalldaytogetthisreportdoneby5PM.

    AgainstTheGrain
    Ijogatthistrackeverydayandthereisalwaysthatoneguywhohastogoagainstthegrainandruninthe
    oppositedirection.

    AllBarkAndNoBite
    ThenewmanagerthreatenedtofiremebutIknowhewontdoitheisallbarkandnobite.

    AllGreek
    Didyouunderstandwhathejustsaid?Reply:Nope.ItwasallGreektome.

    AllInTheSameBoat
    Wecantfightagainsteachotherweneedtoworktogether.Wereallinthesameboat!

    AllThatGlittersIsNotGold
    Becarefulwhenshoppingforyournewcarallthatglittersisnotgold!

    AllThumbs
    Hey!Youarepouringmycoffeeonthetable!Reply:Oh,Imsosorry!Ihavebeenallthumbstoday.

    AnArmAndALeg
    Becarefulwiththatwatchitcostmeanarmandaleg.
    AnAxeToGrind
    Ihaveanaxetogrindwithyou.Answer:OhnowhatdidIdowrong?

    ArmInArm
    Whataniceafternoon.Wewalkedarminarmalongthebeachforhours.

    AroundTheBlock
    Youkidsaretooyoungtofallinlove:Waituntilyouhavebeenaroundtheblockatimeortwo.

    AsBlindAsABat
    Withouthisglasses,myfatherisasblindasabat.

    AsHighAsAKite
    Theballgotstuckupthereontheroof.Itsashighasakite.

    AsLightAsAFeather
    Wow,youliftthatboxsoeasily!Reply:Oh,comeon.Itisaslightasafeather.

    AtTheDropOfAHat
    Wouldyoutravelaroundtheworldifyouhadthemoney?Answer:Atthedropofahat.

    AtWitsEnd
    Wehavebeenatwitsendtryingtofigureouthowwearegoingtopayourtaxes.

    BackToTheDrawingBoard
    Itlookslikemyplantokilltheweedsinthegardenhasfailed.Backtothedrawingboard.

    BarkingUpTheWrongTree
    Ihavebeentryingtosolvethismathproblemfor30minutesbutIthinkIvebeenbarkingupthewrong
    tree.

    BeatADeadHorse
    Theresnouseinbeatingadeadhorse.

    BeatingAroundTheBush
    Ifyouwanttoaskme,justaskdontbeataroundthebush.

    BendOverBackwards
    Webentoverbackwardstohelphim,andhenevereventhankedus!

    BetterLateThanNever
    SorryIwaslateforthemeetingtodayIgotstuckintraffic.Answer:Thatsokaybetterlatethannever.

    BetweenARockAndAHardPlace
    IdliketohelpyoubutIamstuckbetweenarockandahardplace.
    BirdsOfAFeatherFlockTogether
    Lookthevolleyballplayersareeatingatthesametabletogether,asalways.Answer:Birdsofafeather
    flocktogether.

    BiteOffMoreThanYouCanChew
    IthoughtIcouldfinishthisreportwithinonemonth,butitlookslikeIhavebittenoffmorethanIcanchew.

    BiteYourTongue
    WheneverthatprofessorsayssomethingIdontlike,Ihavetobitemytongue.

    BloodIsThickerThanWater
    WhenmybestfriendandmybrothergotinafightIhadtohelpmybrotherbloodisthickerthanwater.

    BreakDown
    Didyourcarbreakdownagain?

    BreakIn
    TheybrokeintomyapartmentwhenIwasgone,andtheytookeverything!

    BreakTheTie
    WhoeverwinsinFloridawillhaveenoughvotestobreakthetie.

    BurnYourBridges
    Iwishyouhadntbeenrudetothatmanjustnowheisveryimportantinthistownandyoushouldntgo
    aroundburningbridges.

    BurningTheCandleAtBothEnds
    EversincethisnewprojectstartedIhavebeenburningthecandleatbothends.Icanttakemuchmoreof
    it.

    BurningTheMidnightOil
    Oursonhasbeenworkinghardpreparingforhisfinalexams!Answer:Yes,hesbeenupeachnight
    burningthemidnightoil.

    CallItOff
    Tonightsgamewascalledoffbecauseoftherain.

    CantCutTheMustard
    Bobdroppedoutofmedicalschoolhecouldntcutthemustard.

    ColdTurkey
    Iwanttoquitdrinkingrightnow.Asofthismoment,Iamgoingcoldturkey.

    ComeHellOrHighWater
    Willyoubeatthefamilyreunionnextyear?Answer:Yeswellbethere,comehellorhighwater!
    CrossYourFingers
    Letscrossourfingersandhopeforthebest!

    CryOverSpiltMilk
    Letsnotgocryingoverspiltmilk.

    CryWolf
    Thatkidontheotherteamjustfelldownitlookslikehemightbehurt!Answer:Hesnothurthesjust
    cryingwolf.

    CuriosityKilledTheCat
    Hey,Iwonderwhatsdownthatstreetitlooksawfullydarkandcreepy.Answer:Letsnottrytofindout.
    Curiositykilledthecat.

    DeadHeat
    Itlookslikeweregoingtohavetofindanotherwaytodecideawinner.Thatonewasadeadheat.

    DogEatDog
    Ihavebeeninthisbusinessfortwentyyears.Itsdogeatdogthecompetitionisalwaystryingtostealyour
    customers.

    DontCountYourChickensUntilTheyreHatched
    NextFridayIwillbeabletopayyoubackthatmoneyIoweyou.Answer:Iwontbecountingmy
    chickens

    DontLookAGiftHorseInTheMouth
    Dontlookagifthorseinthemouth!Whenyoubuyyourownbeersyoucandecidewhatbrandyouwant.

    DontPutAllYourEggsInOneBasket
    Thebestwaytogambleistoonlybetsmallamountsofmoneyandneverputallyoureggsinonebasket.

    DownToTheWire
    Itlookslikethisraceisgoingtocomerightdowntothewire!

    DrasticTimesCallForDrasticMeasures
    Saleshavebeenslowandwehadtoletgothreeofouremployeesdrastictimescallfordrasticmeasures.

    DrySpell
    Samisagreatsalesman,thoughlatelyhesbeenhavingabitofadryspell.

    EveryCloudHasASilverLining
    IfoundanewjobafterallandIlikethisonemuchbetterthanthelast!Answer:Yousee,everycloudhas
    asilverlining.

    EverythingButTheKitchenSink
    Wheneverwegocampingmywifewantstobringeverythingbutthekitchensink!
    FairAndFairAlike
    Michaelstayedhometotakecareofyoursisterlastnight,sotonightitisyourturn.Fairandfairalike.

    FindingYourFeet
    Dontworryaboutit.Wewillhelpyouwhileyouarefindingyourfeet.

    FixedInYourWays
    Sometimesitishardtoacceptthatyourparentsarefixedintheirways.

    FlashInThePan
    Whatagreatfirstyearhehad,butafterthatnothing!Answer:Justanotherflashinthepan.

    FromRagsToRiches
    Myuncleisarealragstorichesstory.

    GetOverIt
    Iwasverysickyesterday,butIgotoveritquickly.

    GetUpOnTheWrongSideOfTheBed
    Dontstartyellingatmejustbecauseyougotuponthewrongsideofthebed.

    GiveHimTheSlip
    Mybrotherwillbeatthemovietonight.Afterwards,letsgivehimtheslipandgotoaparty.

    GoForBroke
    Thewaytobesuccessfulistodecideexactlywhatyouwant,thengoforbroke.

    GreatMindsThinkAlike
    IhavedecidedthatthissummerIamgoingtolearnhowtoscubadive.Answer:Metoo!Ihavealready
    paidforthecourse.Greatmindsthinkalike!

    HasteMakesWaste
    Youshouldalwaystakeyourtimewhendoingyourtaxesandcheckyournumbersverycarefullyhaste
    makeswaste.

    HaveNoIdea
    Icantfindmykeys.IhavenoideawhereIputthem.

    HeLostHisHead
    OkayIlltellyouwhathappened.Butdontloseyourhead.

    HeadOverHeels
    IhavebeenheadoverheelsaboutmygirlfriendsincethedayImether.
    IcingOnTheCake
    Ivebeenacceptedbytheuniversity,andtheyveofferedmeapositiononthebasketballteam!Answer:
    Thatswonderful!Icingonthecake.

    IdleHandsAreTheDevilsTools
    Itmakesmenervoustoseethosekidsoutsidejuststandingaroundidlehandsarethedevilstools!

    IfItsNotOneThing,ItsAnother
    Firstthecarbrokedown,andnowIcantfindmykeys!Ifitsnotonething,itsanother!

    InAndOut
    Iknowthiscityinandout.

    InOverYourHead
    GoaheadandleadthemeetingtodayIllhelpyououtifyougetinoveryourhead.

    InTheDark
    Didyouknowthattodaywasherbirthday?Answer:No,Iwasinthedark.

    InTheDoghouse
    Youkidswillbeinthedoghousewithyourmotherafterthatmessyoumadeinhergarden!

    InTheHeatOfTheMoment
    SorryaboutwhatIsaidIgotcaughtupintheheatofthemoment.

    ItTakesTwoToTango
    Herhusbandisawfultheyfightallthetime.Answer:Ittakestwototango.

    ItsASmallWorld
    Hey,itsfunnyseeingyouhere.Reply:Itsasmallworld.

    ItsAnyonesCall
    Whodoyouthinkwillwinthiselection?Answer:Itsanyonescall.

    KeepAnEyeOnHim
    Ihavetoruntothebathroom.CanyoukeepaneyeonmysuitcasewhileIamgone?

    LaborOfLove
    Takingcareofthisdogisalaboroflove.

    LendMeYourEar
    Friends,Romans,countrymenlendmeyourear.

    LetBygonesBeBygones
    YouandIhavehadourdisagreementsletsletbygonesbebygones.
    LetSleepingDogsLie
    Iwantedtoaskherwhatshethoughtofherexhusband,butIfigureditwasbettertoletsleepingdogslie.

    LetTheCatOutOfTheBag
    Bobdidnttellanyonethathewassick,buthiswifeletthecatoutofthebag.

    MadAsAHatter
    Everybodyinmyfamilyknewthatourunclewasasmadasahatter.

    MethodToMyMadness
    Givemeamomenttoexplainthereismethodtomymadness.

    NeckAndNeck
    Theyrecomingaroundthefinalcorner.Theyreneckandneck!

    NeitherABorrower,NorALenderBe
    Couldyoulendmetwentydollars?Answer:Sorry,neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.

    NeverBiteTheHandThatFeedsYou
    Wehavebeenyourbestcustomersforyears.Howcouldyousuddenlytreatussorudely?Youshould
    neverbitethehandthatfeedsyou.

    NoseOutOfJoint
    Wewereonlyjokingdontgetyournoseoutofjoint.

    NotAChance
    Doyouthinkyouwillbeabletofinishyourreportbyfiveoclocktoday?Answer:Notachance.Illbebusy
    inmeetingsallday.

    OffLimits
    GunsareofflimitswithinNewYorkCity.

    OffOnTheWrongFoot
    Letstrytostartontimetomorrowandgetoffontherightfoot.

    OffTheHook
    YoureluckyitturnsoutthatDadneverheardyoucomeinlatelastnight.Answer:Great,thatmeansIm
    offthehook!

    OnPinsAndNeedles
    Jeanwasonpinsandneedlesthewholetimeherfatherwasinthehospital.

    OnTheFence
    Hashedecidedwhetherhewilltakethejobyet?Answer:No,hesstillonthefence.
    OnTheSamePage
    Beforewemakeanydecisionstoday,Idliketomakesurethateveryoneisonthesamepage.

    OnTopOfTheWorld
    Whatagreattimewehadthatnightwewereontopoftheworld!

    OnYourLastLeg
    Iwouldbegladtosellyoumycar,butImusttellyouthatitisonitslastleg.

    OnYourMind
    Youhavebeenonmymindallday.

    OneForTheRoad
    BartenderIllhaveonemorewhiskeyfortheroad.

    OutAndAbout
    Wherehaveyoubeenallday?Answer:Oh,outandabout.

    OutOfSight,OutOfMind
    Imeanttoreadthatbook,butassoonasIputitdown,Iforgotaboutit.Answer:Outofsight,outofmind.

    OutOfTheBlue
    Whydidshedothat?Answer:Ihavenoidea.Itwascompletelyoutoftheblue.

    OutOfTheFryingPanAndIntoTheFire
    IdidntlikethatjobbecauseIwasworkingtoohard.YetinthisnewjobIworkevenharder!Answer:Out
    ofthefryingpanandintothefire.

    OutOfTheWoods
    Joewassicktwoweeksagoandwewereveryworried,butnowitlookslikeheisoutofthewoods.

    OutOfYourElement
    Heisagreattennisplayeronthehardcourts,butheisoutofhiselementongrass.

    OutOnALimb
    Iwantthisprojecttosucceedjustasmuchasyoudo,butIamnotwillingtogooutonalimb.

    OutOnTheTown
    Doyouwanttojoinustonight?Weregoingoutonthetown.

    OverMyDeadBody
    AllofmyfriendsaregoingouttothelaketonightandImgoingtoo!Answer:Overmydeadbodyyouare!

    ParForTheCourse
    IgetsickeverytimeItravel.Answer:Thatsjustparforthecourse.
    PennyWise,PoundFoolish
    Weveworkedsohardtosavemoneythatifwetookavacationnowitwouldbepennywise,poundfoolish.

    PeopleWhoLiveInGlassHousesShouldNotThrowStones
    Lookatwhattimeitisyouarelateagain!Answer:Hey,howoftenareyounotontime?Peoplewholive
    inglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

    PracticeMakesPerfect
    Youseehowquicklyyouaregettingbetteratthepiano!Practicemakesperfect!

    PracticeWhatYouPreach
    Goodmanagersalwaysleadbyexampleandpracticewhattheypreach.

    PreachingToTheChoir
    Youdontneedtotellmethisprojectisimportantyourepreachingtothechoir.

    ProtestTooMuch
    Doyouthinkheistellingthetruth?Answer:Ithinkheproteststoomuch.

    PullingYourLeg
    IwanttoaskyouaquestionandIwouldlikeanhonestanswernopullingmyleg.

    PutYourBestFootForward
    Iwantyoutogetoutonthatfieldandputyourbestfootforward!

    PutYourFootInYourMouth
    Letsallbeverycarefulwhatwesayatthemeetingtomorrow.Idontwantanyoneputtingtheirfootintheir
    mouth.

    RaiseCain
    Haveyoutwoboysbeenoutraisingcainagain?

    RockTheBoat
    Everybodywantstogoexceptforyou.Whydoyouhavetorocktheboat?

    RollOutTheRedCarpet
    Weareallsoexcitedaboutyourcominghomethatweregoingtorollouttheredcarpet.

    RomeWasNotBuiltInOneDay
    Itistakingmealongtimetowritethiscomputerprogram.Answer:Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.

    RoundAbout
    Well,Iknowhowtogetthereinaroundaboutway,butmaybeweshouldcheckthemap.
    RubSaltInAnOldWound
    Ohplease,letsnotrubsaltinoldwounds!

    SecondNature
    Ithasalwaysbeensecondnatureformetodrawwithbothhands.

    ShakeALeg
    Theyarewaitingoutsideinthecarletsshakealeg!

    SickAsADog
    Iheardyouwereuncomfortableyesterday.Answer:Uncomfortable?Iwasassickasadog!

    SinkOrSwim
    Whenweinterviewnewteachers,wejustputtheminwiththestudentsandseehowtheydo.Itssinkor
    swim.

    SixOfOne,AHalfDozenOfTheOther
    Example:Isayshesastewardess.Shesaysshesaflightattendant.Itssixofone,ahalfdozenofthe
    other.

    SkeletonsInTheCloset
    Ihadonlyknownherforoneweek.HowcouldIknowwhatskeletonsshehadinhercloset?

    SplitDownTheMiddle
    Theelectionissplitdownthemiddlewithnoclearwinneratthemoment.

    StartFromScratch
    Howareyougoingtobuildyourbusiness?Answer:Justlikeeveryoneelsedoes:startingfromscratch.

    TheAppleOfYourEye
    Evenwhentheywereyoung,shewasalwaystheappleofhiseye.

    TheBallIsInYourCourt
    Myunclehelpedmetogetaninterviewathiscompany,nowtheballisinmycourt.

    TheBestOfBothWorlds
    MywifeandIboughtonehouseinParisandoneinNewYorkitgivesusthebestofbothworlds.

    TheBiggerTheyAreTheHarderTheyFall
    Areyouworriedthathemightbetoostrong?Answer:NoImnot.Heisbig,butthebiggertheyare,the
    hardertheyfall.

    TheDevilIsInTheDetails
    Icansketchabasicoutlineoftheplanforyouanditmaylookverysimple,butthedevilisinthedetails.
    TheEarlyBirdCatchesTheWorm
    Ialwaysarriveatwork30minutesearlytheearlybirdcatchestheworm!

    TheEndsJustifyTheMeans
    Iagreewithyourgoal,buttheendsdonotjustifythemeans.

    TheJuryIsOut
    Itshardtosayifwhatwedidwastherightthing.Thejuryisstilloutonit.

    ThePotCallingTheKettleBlack
    Herecomestheguywhoisalwayslateforwork.Answer:Arentyouthepotcallingthekettleblack?

    TheProsAndCons
    IveconsideredtheprosandconsandIvedecided:itisgoingtobeexpensive,butIstillwanttogoto
    college.

    TheSkyIsTheLimit
    AfterIgraduatefrombusinessschool,theskysthelimit!

    TheStrawThatBrokeTheCamelsBack
    Youvebeenrudetomeallday,andIvehadit.Thatsthelaststraw!

    TheWritingOnTheWall
    Cantyouseethewritingonthewall?

    ThirdWheel
    Youtwogoonaheadwithoutme.Idontwanttobethethirdwheel.

    TieTheKnot
    DidyouhearaboutDanandJenny?Theyfinallydecidedtotietheknot!

    ToErrIsHuman,ToForgiveDivine
    Iwillneverforgivemymotherforwhatshehasdone!Answer:Dontbeangryather.Toerrishuman,to
    forgivedivine.

    ToothAndNail
    Thatwasatoughmatchtheyfoughtustoothandnail!

    TruerWordsWereNeverSpoken
    TheearlierIgetup,thebetterthedayIhave.Answer:Truerwordswereneverspoken.

    TurnOverANewLeaf
    ImturningoveranewleafIvedecidedtoquitsmoking.
    TwoWrongsDontMakeARight
    ThatboypushedmeyesterdayandIamgoingtogethimbacktoday!Answer:Noyouarenot!Two
    wrongsdonotmakearight.

    TwosCompanyThreesaCrowd
    Whydidyouhavetobringyoursister?Twoscompanythreesacrowd!

    UnderTheGun
    Everyoneattheofficehasbeenworkingunderthegunsincethenewmanagerarrived.

    UnderTheWeather
    Whatswrong?Answer:Imabitundertheweather.

    UpAgainst
    Wehavebeenupagainststrongeropponentsinthepast.

    UpForGrabs
    Quickthattableisupforgrabsletsgetitbeforesomeoneelsedoes.

    VarietyIsTheSpiceOfLife
    Example:WewereoriginallyplanningtogotoMexicoonourvacationthisyearlikewedidlastyearbut
    wedecidedtogotoEgyptinstead.Varietyisthespiceoflife!

    WaterUnderTheBridge
    Arentyoustillangryaboutwhathesaid?Answer:No,thatwasalongtimeago.Itsallwaterunderthe
    bridge.

    WearYourHeartOnYourSleeve
    Mybrotheralwaysletsyouknowhowhefeelshewearshisheartonhissleeve.

    WhatTheyDontKnowWontHurtThem
    Donttellyourfatherwhathappenedwhathedoesntknowwonthurthim.

    WhenInRome,DoAsTheRomansDo
    Areyousureweshouldeatthiswithourhands?Answer:Whynot?Allofthesepeopleareeatingitthat
    way.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo!

    WhenItRains,ItPours
    Sometimeswehavenocustomersfortwoorthreehoursthensuddenlyweget20peopleallatoncewhen
    itrains,itpours!

    WhenPigsFly
    Wouldyouevertakeheronadate?Answer:Surewhenpigsfly!

    WineAndDine
    Thatmanisreallyisreallycrazyaboutmysister.Hehasbeenwininganddiningherallmonth.
    WithYourBackUpAgainstTheWall
    ImsorryIcanthelpyouIvegotmybackupagainstthewall.

    WithoutADoubt
    Areyougoingtowatchthegametomorrow?Answer:Withoutadoubt!

    WordOfMouth
    Wheredidyouhearaboutthat?Answer:Justwordofmouth.

    YouCantJudgeABookByItsCover
    Hedressesinplainclothinganddrivesanordinarycar.Whowouldknowheistherichestmanintown?
    Youcantjudgeabookbyitscover!

    YourGuessIsAsGoodAsMine
    Excuseme,whattimedoesthebusarrive?Answer:YourguessisasgoodasmineIalmostnevertake
    thebus.

    BetterSafeThanSorry
    ShouldIbringmyumbrella?Reply:Bettersafethansorry.Answer:Okay.Illgogetit.

    CallASpadeASpade
    YoucancallhimaniceguyifyouwanttobutIamcallingaspadeaspadethatguyisajerk.

    DontPutTheCartBeforeTheHorse
    Hey!Firstweattatchit,thenweputonthechains.Dontputthecartbeforethehorse.

    FamiliarityBreedsContempt
    Thosetwohavebeenlivingfortogetherfortoolong.Theydontspeakawordtoeachother.Reply:
    Familiaritybreedscontempt.

    GoFlyAKite
    Example:Ohnotyouagain!Reply:Whydontyougoflyakite?

    IfYouCantBeatThem,JoinThem
    Whendidyouchangeteams?Reply:Hey:Ifyoucantbeatthem,jointhem.

    IfYouCantStandTheHeat,GetOutOfTheKitchen
    Iwantedthisjobatfirst,butnowIdontknowifIcanhandleit.Reple:Ifyoucantstandtheheat,getout
    ofthekitchen.

    InYourHair
    Yourenotgoingtowearthat,areyou?Reply:Hey,whydontyougetoutofmyhair?

    MiseryLovesCompany
    Shesnothappy,soshewantstherestofustosuffertoo!Reply:Miserylovescompany.
    MoneyDoesNotGrowOnTrees
    Whyareyoubuyingsuchexpensivepresents?Moneydoesnotgrowontrees,youknow!

    NecessityIsTheMotherOfInvention
    Youwillfindawaytodoit.Whenyouhaveto,youdo.Reply:Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

    NoPain,NoGain
    Toplayatthatlevel,youaregoingtohavetopracticeallofthetime,youknow.Reply:Nopain,nogain.

    TakeTheBullByTheHorns
    Thatwasatoughsituation.Thanksfortakingthebullbythehorns.

    TheFirstStepIsAlwaysTheHardest
    Ihavealwayswantedtowriteanovel,butIcanneverdecideonatopic.Reply:Thefirststepisalways
    thehardest.

    TheGrassIsAlwaysGreenerOnTheOtherSideOfTheFence
    Iwishourhousewereasbigastheirs.Reply:Thegrassialwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.

    TheRoadToHellIsPavedWithGoodIntentions
    Really,InevermeanttohurtanybodyReply:Theroadtohellispavedwithgoodintentions.

    TheSqueekyWheelGetsTheOil
    Everytimethatbabycries,theyjustrunaroundandgivehimwhateverhewants.Reply:Thesqueeky
    wheelgetstheoil.

    TheresNoPlaceLikeHome
    Itfeelssogoodtobehome.Reply:Theresnoplacelikehome.

    TootingYourOwnHorn
    Ohthereyougoagain,tootingyourownhorn.

    TwoHeadsAreBetterThanOne
    Comeon,wecanfigureoutawaytodothis!Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

    UpTo
    Sowhathaveyoubeenuptolately?

    WhyPutOffUntilTomorrowWhatYouCanDoToday
    Justdoitnow,soyoudonthavetodoitontheweekend.Whyputoftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday?

    YouCanLeadAHorseToWater,ButYouCantMakeItDrink
    Itoldherexactlywhattodo,butshedidntlistentome.Reply:Youcanleadahorsetowater,butyou
    cantmakeitdrink.
    YouCantTeachAnOldDogNewTricks
    Ihavebeentryingtoteachmydadtousethecomputer,butheisnevergoingtogetit.Reply:Youcant
    teachanolddognewtricks.

    YouHaveToTakeTheGoodWithTheBad
    Ilovelivinginthiscity,butitisratherpolluted.Reply:Youhavetotakethegoodwiththebad.

    YouReapWhatYouSow
    Hehasbeentreatingotherpeoplelikethatforyears.Nowithappenstohim.Reply:Youreapwhatyou
    sow.

    YouScratchMyBack,IllScratchYours
    IwouldreallyappreciateitifyouintroducemetohimYouscratchmyback,Illscratchyours.

    ABabeInTheWoods
    Whatdoyouknow?Youarejustababeinthewoods.

    ABedOfRoses
    Workinghereisnobedofroses.

    ABigFishInASmallPond
    Hesjustabigfishinasmallpond.

    ABigFrogInASmallPond
    Hesjustabigfroginasmallpond

    ABitterPillToSwallow
    Spendingaweekinthepsychiatrichospitalwasabitterpilltoswallow,butJakereallyneededtodoit.

    ABlessingInDisguise
    WhenIfirstlostthatjob,Iwasupset.Butitturnedouttobeablessingindisguise.

    ABreathOfFreshAir
    Ilovehavingthisnewstudentinmyclass.Hispositiveattitudeisabreathoffreshair.

    ABundleOfNerves
    Ihavetogiveaspeechtomorrow,andIamabundleofnerves.

    ACard
    MyuncleBobisarealcard.

    ACaseInPoint
    Janecalled.Shewillbelateforthismorningsmeeting.Reply:Caseinpoint.Wereallycannotrelyon
    her.
    ACaseOfMistakenIdentity
    AreyousureyouarenotDonJohnson?Reply:Really,Iamnot.Itmustbeacaseofmistakenidentity.

    AChangeOfPace
    Whatwouldyoulikemetomakefordinner?Reply:Letshavesushi,forachangeofpace.

    AChangeOfScenery
    IjustgotbackfromFlorida.Reply:Thatmusthavebeenachangeofscenery.

    AChipOffTheOldBlock
    DidyoumeetBillssonatthepicnicyesterday?HesjustlikeBill!Reply:Hesachipofftheoldblock.

    ACopycat
    Stopcopyingmyanswers.Youcopycat!(rude)

    ACutAbove
    Ilovethisrestuarant.Itisacutabove.

    ADreamComeTrue
    Becomingamoviestarwasadreamcometrue.

    AFanOfHis
    AreyouaDodgersfan?Reply:No,Idontlikebaseball.

    AForegoneConclusion
    Iknewtheywouldlose.Itwasaforegoneconclusion.

    AFriendInNeedIsAFriendIndeed
    Heybuddy,howsitgoing?Youlookgood.Iloveyourjacket.Doyouthinkyoucangivemearidehome?
    Reply:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

    AGameThatTwoCanPlay
    ShetoldtheteacherwhatIdid,butthatsagamethattwocanplay.

    AGhostOfAChance
    Doyouthinkhehasachancetowin?Reply:Hedoesnthaveaghostofachance.

    AGiven
    Ialwaysknewthatwewouldgetmarried.Itwasagiven.

    AHearbeatAway
    Ifthepresidentdies,whobecomesthenewpresident?Reply:Thevicepresident.Hesaheartbeataway
    fromthepresidency.
    AKnownFact
    Thatguyisaganster?Areyousure?Reply:OfcourseImsure.Itsaknownfact.

    ALaborOfLove
    Youdontmindtakingcareofthatdog?Reply:Itisalaboroflove.

    ALastDitchEffort
    Ithoughtforsurewewouldlosebutwemadeonelastditcheffortandtiedthegame.

    ALeadingQuestion
    Thatisaleadingquestion.Iamnotgoingtoanswerit.

    ALickOfWork
    Hewasbornwealthy,andhehasneverdonealickofworkinhislife.

    ALittleBit
    Areyouhungry?Reply:Alittlebit.You?

    APieceOfTheAction
    IheardyouguysaregoingtoplayajokeonJim.Iwantapieceoftheaction.

    APiercingScream
    IwaswalkingdownBroadStreetwhensuddenlyIheardthispiercingscream.

    APillarOfStrength
    Mymotherisapillarofstrength.

    APlaceToCallOnesOwn
    Afterrentingforalltheseyears,Ireallywantaplacetocallmyown.

    ARipeOldAge
    Attheripeoldageof45,IfeellikeIamjuststartingmylife.

    ARippleOfExcitement
    Onelectiondayyoucouldfeelarippleofexcitement.

    ARollingStoneGathersNoMoss
    Whydontyougetmarriedandhaveafamily?Reply:Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

    ARuleOfThumb
    IdontinvitepeopletomyhomeunlessIknowthemwell,asaruleofthumb.

    AShotInTheArm
    Wewerereallyfallingapart,butthatgoalgaveusashotinthearm.
    AWordToTheWise
    Heresawordtothewise:Donotgodownthatstreetatnight.

    AboveAndBeyondTheCallOfDuty
    Whatthatpoliceofficerdidtosaveherlifewasaboveandbeyondthecallofduty.

    AboveAverage
    Areyouaverygoodtennisplayer?Reply:Imaboveaverage.

    AboveSuspicion
    Inthiscase,noonepersonisabovesuspicion.Noteventhepresident.

    AcknowledgeReceiptOfIt
    Assoonasyougetthepackage,pleasecallmetoacknowledgereceipt.

    AcrossTheBoard
    Wewillhavea10percentpaycutacrosstheboard.

    ActHighAndMighty
    Whatareyouactingsohighandmightyabout.

    AddInsultToInjury
    Firsthedrivesintomycar.Then,toaddinsulttoinjuryhesaysImparkedinthewrongspot.

    AddressHimAsYour
    Imnotoneofyourcollegefriends.Addressmeasyourfather.

    AdviseAgainstSomething
    DoyourecommendthatItalkwiththeboss?Reply:Iwouldadviseagainstit.

    AfterHours
    Sorry,wedontseepatientsafterhours.

    AheadOfSchedule
    Mysoftwareprojectisaheadofschedule.

    AliveAndKicking
    Howisyourgrandfatherdoing?Reply:Heisaliveandkicking.

    AllForTheBest
    Didyouheartheybrokeup?Reply:Itisprobablyallforthebest.Theywerenotgettingalongwell.

    AllGone
    Arethereanymorecookies?Reply:Allgone.
    AllInOnePiece
    Becareful.Iwantyouhomeallinonepiece.

    AllInTheFamily
    Imgoingtotellyouaboutyouruncle,butletskeepthisallinthefamily.

    AllKiddingAside
    Allkiddingaside,Ireallydolikeher.

    AllOutWar
    Itusedtobetheyoccastionallyfiredamissle.Nowitsalloutwar.

    AllOver
    Isthegamestillon?Reply:No,itsallover.

    AllSystemsAreGo
    Areyouready?Reply:Allsystemsarego.

    AllTalkAndNoAction
    Johnpromisedhewouldbehere.Reply:Heisalltalkandnoaction.

    AllTheRage
    Doyoulikethisscarf?Itisalltherage.

    AllTold
    Howmuchmoneyismissing?Reply:Alltold,300dollars.

    AsAnAside
    Asanaside:Isanyonehungry?

    AsDrunkAsASkunk
    DontgooutdrinkingwithHenry.Hellgetyouasdrunkasaskunk.

    AtThePresentTime
    Areyouhiringnewpeople?Reply:Notatthepresenttime.

    AtThisJuncture
    AreyougoingtobuytheABCcompany?Reply:No.Notatthisjuncture.

    BackAndForth
    Whatfuncoulditbeplayingtennis?Theyjusthittheballbackandforthallday.

    BackDownFrom
    IfIwereyou,Iwouldbackdown.Itisnotworthfightingabout.
    BackEast
    Wejustcantwaittomovebackeast.

    BackInCirculation
    John,wherehaveyoubeen?Itisgoodtoseeyoubackincirculation.

    BackMeUp
    Itoldmymomwewereatthebaseballgamelastnight.Backmyup.

    BackOff
    IguessImadeherangry.Shetoldmetobackoffandleaveheralone.

    BackOrderThem
    Wedonthavetheminyoursizetoday.ButIwouldbegladtobackorderthemforyou.

    BackTheWrongHorse
    Whodidyoubetoninthesuperbowl?Reply:Arizona.Answer:Ouch.Youbackedthewronghorse.

    BackToSquareOne
    Afterallthatwork,theydecidednottohireme.Reply:Backtosquareone.

    BadAsAllThat
    Ivehearditistheworstplacetogotoschool.Reply:Itsnotasbadasallthat.

    BadMouthingYou
    Youareoneofmybestfriends.Iwouldneverbadmouthyou.

    BailMeOut
    Hegotthrowninjailfordrunkdriving,buthisfatherbailedhimout.

    BaitAndSwitch
    IthoughtIwasbuyinganewone.Reply:Itlooksliketheygaveyouthebaitandswitch.

    BarkingUpTheWrongTree
    Ifyouarelookingforsomeonetolendyoumoney,donttalktome.Yourebarkingupthewrongtree.

    BattenDownTheHatches
    Abigrainstormiscoming.Weneedtobattendownthehatches.

    BattleItOut
    Ireallydontmindwherewego.Illletyoutwobattleitout.

    BeSwimmingInSomething
    Doyouhaveanyketchupleft?Reply:Weareswimminginit.
    BeTheSpittingImageOfSomeone
    PeoplesayIamthespittingimageofmymother.

    BearFruit
    Didyourmeetingbearfruit?

    BearInMind
    Wouldyouliketoorderdinner?Reply:BearinmindthatIdonotspeakFrench.

    BeatingAPathToYourDoor
    Idontseeanyonebeatingapathtoyourdoor.

    BeatingAroundTheBush
    Hashesaidthathewantstomarryyou?Reply:No,buthehasbeenbeatingaroundthebush.

    BeforeYouKnowIt
    Enjoyyourfreedom!Beforeyouknowit,youllbemarriedandsettlingdownwithchildren.

    BegToDiffer
    YouthinkIamold?Ibegtodiffer.

    BehindTheTimes
    Mygrandfatherwearsblacksockswithhisshorts.Reply:Heissobehindthetimes.

    BehindYourBack
    Thosetwowenttotheboss,andtheydiditbehindmyback.

    BelaborThePoint
    Iknowwevetalkedaboutthisalready,andIhatetobelaborthepoint,butIstilldontthinkyouare
    understandingme.

    BetterSafeThanSorry
    ShouldIbringmyumbrella?Reply:Bettersafethansorry.Answer:Okay.Illgogetit.

    BringHomeTheBacon
    Igotoworkeverydaytobringhomethebacon.

    BringingUpTheRear
    ThereyouareagainSchmidt,bringinguptherear.

    BrushingUpOn
    AreyougoingtobrushuponyourSpanishbeforeyougotoMexico?

    BuckUp
    Buckup.Itwillbeokay.
    BuggingYou
    Mybrotherisbuggingme.

    BuildingYouUp
    Doyoureallymeanthat?orareyoujustbuildingmeup?

    CallAMeeting
    IfIcallameetingforThursday,willyoubethere?

    CallASpadeASpade
    YoucancallhimaniceguyifyouwanttobutIamcallingaspadeaspadethatguyisajerk.

    CallItADay
    Itstimetogohome.Letscallitaday.

    CallItANight
    Youguysaregoingtoanotherbar?Notme.Imcallingitanight.

    CallItQuits
    Itisgettingdarkoutside.Letscallitquits.

    CallTheDogsOff
    Ialreadygaveyouyourmoney.Callthedogsoff.

    CallTheMeetingToOrder
    Everyonequietdownsowecancallthismeetingtoorder.

    CallTheRoll
    Everyonebequiet.Imgoingtocalltheroll.

    CallTheShots
    Imcallingtheshotshere.YouwilldowhatIsay.

    CallingYouNames
    Youareajerk!Reply:Youdonthavetocallmenames.

    CanIGetARainCheck
    Hewasgoingtotakemetothepark,butitrained,soIgotaraincheck.

    CanYouImagine
    Thiscaronlycostme$500.Canyouimagine?

    CannotHelpDoingSomething
    Whenshesaidthat,Icouldnthelplaughing.
    CantCarryATune
    Singwithus!Reply:Sorry.Youwouldntwantmeto.Icantcarryatune.

    CantDoAnythingWithSomeoneOrSomething
    Yourteacherisfrustrated.Shesaysshecantdoanythingwithyou.

    CantHelpButDoSomething
    Whenshesaidthat,Icouldnthelpbutlaugh.

    CantHoldACandleToSomeone
    Youareagoodtennisplayer.Butyoucantholdacandletomysister.

    CantMakeHeadsOrTailsOutOfSomeoneOrSomething
    Imlookingatyourcomputerprogramrightnow,butIcantmakeheadsortailsoutofit.

    CapAndGown
    Ilovethisphotoofyouandyourfriendsincapandgown.

    CapableOfDoingSomething
    Didyouhearaboutthefarmhousemurders?Reply:Whocouldbecabableofsuchathing?

    CarriedAway
    Youcleanedeverything.Eventhedog.Reply:Yes.Igotkindofcarriedaway.

    CarryASecretToOnesGrave
    Please,youmustnottellanyonewhathappened.Reply:Iwillcarryyoursecrettomygrave.

    CarryASecretToTheGrave
    Please,youmustnottellanyonewhathappened.Reply:Iwillcarryittothegrave.

    CarryOnWithoutSomeoneOrSomething
    Ifanythingeverhappenstome,Iwantyoutocarryonwithoutme.

    CashAndCarry
    Sorrybutthereisnowheretoeathere.Itiscashandcarry.

    CeaseAndDesist
    Policeofficersays:Sir,Iwantyoutoceaseanddesistfromwhatyouaredoing.

    ChangeSomeonesMind
    Ithoughtyoudidntlikeher?Reply:Well,Ichangedmymind.

    ClearTheTable
    Everyoneisdoneeating.Wouldyouliketoclearthetable?
    DontPutTheCartBeforeTheHorse
    Hey!Firstweattatchit,thenweputonthechains.Dontputthecartbeforethehorse.

    DownTheHatch
    Youwantmetodrinkthiswholething?Reply:Thatsright.Downthehatch!

    DownTheStreet
    Wheredoesyourgrandmotherlive?Reply:Shesjustdownthestreet.

    DownTheTubes
    Whathappenedtoyourplansfortonight?Reply:Downthetubes.

    DownWithSomeDisease
    Icantcometoworktoday.Imdownwiththeflu.

    DownhillAllTheWay
    Schoolhasbeendifficult,butnowthatwehavefinishedourexamsitisdownhillalltheway.

    DragOnesFeet
    Ivewantedtostartyogaformonths.Ivejustbeendraggingmyfeet.

    DrawABlank
    DoyourememberhowtosaythatwordinSpanish?Reply:Imdrawingablank.

    DrawBlood
    Ouch!Icutmyself.Reply:Letmesee.Diditdrawblood?

    DrunkAsASkunk
    DidyouseeJeanlastnight?Reply:Yeah.Shewasasdrunkasaskunk.

    EarlyToBedEarlyToRiseMakesAManHealthyWealthyAndWise
    Allofhislife,mygrandfatherwenttobedearlyandgotupwiththesun.Reply:Earlytobed,earlytorise,
    makesamanhealthywealthyandwise.

    ExpectingAChild
    MywifeandIareexpectingourfirstchild.Reply:Congratulations!

    ExpenseIsNoObject
    ThisyearIwantthecompanypartytobefantastic.Expenseisnoobject.

    ExplainYourself
    Pleaselisten.Iamtryingtoexplainmyself.

    ExpressingYourAnger
    Iwouldliketoexpressmyangeraboutwhathappenedlastnight.
    ExtendingCredit
    Iwantthatcouch,butIreallycannotaffordit.Reply:Wewillextendyoucredit.

    ExtendingOurSympathy
    Iwouldliketoextendmysympathyfortherecentdeathofyourmother.Reply:Iappreciatethatvery
    much.

    FairAndSquare
    Youcheated!Reply:No,Ididnot!Ibeatyoufairandsquare.

    FamiliarityBreedsContempt
    Thosetwohavebeenlivingtogetherfortoolong.Theydontspeakawordtoeachother.Reply:
    Familiaritybreedscontempt.

    ForbiddenFruit
    Thebosssdaughtermaybepretty,butrememberthatsheisforbiddenfruit.

    GetAtTheHeartOfTheMatter
    Iaskedhimtostopwastingtimeandgetattheheartofthematter.

    GiveHimTheThirdDegree
    Thatjudgereallygavethatguythethirddegree,didntshe?

    GoFlyAKite
    Ohnotyouagain!Reply:Hey,whydontyougoflyakite?

    HangingOnToYourCoattails
    Doesntitbotheryoutohavesomeonelikethathangingontoyourcoattails?

    HeBackedOut
    DidntBobsayhewascoming?Reply:Yes,Hebackedout.

    HeBailedOut
    Didthepilotdieinthecrash?Reply:No.Hebailedout,andlived.

    IdGiveMyRightArmForThat
    Iwouldgivemyrightarmforacarlikethat.

    IllHaveToGiveYouARainCheckOnThat
    Hewasgoingtotakemetothepark,butitrained,sohegavemearaincheck.

    ImAllEars
    WouldyouliketohearwhatIdidtoday.Reply:Imallears.
    ImGame
    Doyouwanttoseeamovie?Reply:Imgame.

    ImOff
    Haveagoodday,youguys.Imoff.Reply:Goodbye.

    IfYouCantBeatThemJoinThem
    Whendidyouchangeteams?Reply:Hey:Ifyoucantbeatthem,jointhem.

    IfYouCantStandTheHeatGetOutOfTheKitchen
    Iwantedthisjobatfirst,butnowIdontknowifIcanhandleit.Reply:Ifyoucantstandtheheat,getout
    ofthekitchen.

    InAweOfHim
    Iaminaweofyou.

    InTheMeantime
    Youcanstartworkingfulltimeassoonasyougetyourlicense.Inthemeantime,youarewelcometostart
    training.

    InTheMiddleOfNowhere
    Youare30minuteslateandIhavebeenstandingherewaitingforyouinthemiddleofnowhere.

    InTheMoney
    Nowhesaprofessionalbasketballplayer.Reply:Hesinthemoney.

    InYourHair
    Yourenotgoingtowearthat,areyou?Reply:Hey,whydontyougetoutofmyhair?

    KeepHimAtArmsLength
    Youcanworkwithhimifyouwant,butIwouldkeephimatarmslength.

    LetsCallItOff
    Ithoughtyouhadadatetonight?Reply:Wecalleditoff.

    LikeTwoPeasInAPod
    Heandhissisterareliketwopeasinapod.

    MiseryLovesCompany
    Shesnothappy,soshewantstherestofustosuffertoo!Reply:Miserylovescompany.

    MoneyDoesNotGrowOnTrees
    Whyareyoubuyingsuchexpensivepresents?Moneydoesnotgrowontrees,youknow!
    NecessityIsTheMotherOfInvention
    Youwillfindawaytodoit.Whenyouhaveto,youdo.Reply:Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

    NoPainNoGain
    Toplayatthatlevel,youaregoingtohavetopracticeallofthetime,youknow.Reply:Nopain,nogain.

    OverTheHill
    Faceit,Dad.Youreoverthehill.

    SheBalledMeOut
    Iaskedherifshecouldstaylate,andshebawledmeout.

    SheSpokeHighlyOfYou
    Imetyourteacher.Hespeakshighlyofyou.

    SlowAsMolassesInJanuary
    Wouldyouhurryupandgetready?YouareasslowasmolassesinJanuary.

    TakeALookAtThat
    Takealookatthatcar.Isntitbeautiful?

    TakeALookForIt
    Haveyouseenmywatch?Reply:Ihaventseenit,butIwilltakealookforitaroundmyhouse.

    TakeANap
    Everydayafterlunchmygrandfathertakesanap.

    TakeARainCheckOnThat
    Wewereplanningtogotothepark,butitrained,sowetookaraincheck.

    TakeTheBullByTheHorns
    Thatwasatoughsituation.Thanksfortakingthebullbythehorns.

    TheFirstStepIsAlwaysTheHardest
    Ihavealwayswantedtowriteanovel,butIcanneverdecideonatopic.Reply:Thefirststepisalways
    thehardest.

    TheGrassIsAlwaysGreenerOnTheOtherSideOfTheFence
    Iwishourhousewereasbigastheirs.Reply:Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.

    TheRoadToHellIsPavedWithGoodIntentions
    Really,InevermeanttohurtanybodyReply:Theroadtohellispavedwithgoodintentions.
    TheSqueekyWheelGetsTheOil
    Everytimethatbabycries,theyjustrunaroundandgivehimwhateverhewants.Reply:Thesqueeky
    wheelgetstheoil.

    TheresNoPlaceLikeHome
    Itfeelssogoodtobehome.Reply:Theresnoplacelikehome.

    TootingYourOwnHorn
    Ohthereyougoagain,tootingyourownhorn.

    TwoHeadsAreBetterThanOne
    Comeon,wecanfigureoutawaytodothis!Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

    UnderAge
    Whatarethosekidsdoingsmokingcigarettes?Theyareunderage.

    WelcomeYouWithOpenArms
    Youshoulddefinitelygovisitmyparents.Theywillwecomeyouwithopenarms

    WhatAreYouUpTo
    Sowhathaveyoubeenuptolately?

    WhyPutOffUntilTomorrowWhatYouCanDoToday
    Justdoitnow,soyoudonthavetodoitontheweekend.Whyputoftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday?

    YearAfterYear
    Yearafteryear,yousayyouaregoingtomove.

    YouCanLeadAHorseToWaterButYouCantMakeItDrink
    Itoldherexactlywhattodo,butshedidntlistentome.Reply:Youcanleadahorsetowater,butyou
    cantmakeitdrink.

    YouCantBeAllThingsToAllPeople
    Publicrelationsisatoughjob.Ihavetobeallthingstoallpeople.

    YouCantTeachAnOldDogNewTricks
    Ihavebeentryingtoteachmydadtousethecomputer,butheisnevergoingtogetit.Reply:Youcant
    teachanolddognewtricks.

    YouHaveToTakeTheGoodWithTheBad
    Ilovelivinginthiscity,butitisratherpolluted.Reply:Youhavetotakethegoodwiththebad.

    YouReapWhatYouSow
    Hehasbeentreatingotherpeoplelikethatforyears.Nowithappenstohim.Reply:Youreapwhatyou
    sow.
    YouScratchMyBackAndIllScratchYours
    IwouldreallyappreciateitifyouintroducemetohimYouscratchmyback,Illscratchyours.

    YoureIntoIt
    Youdontwanttosingthissong?Reply:Imnotintoitrightnow.

    BeatingHimAtHisOwnGame
    Hewasthestarofourschoolstennisteam,andIstillbeathim.Reply:Youbeathimathisowngame.

    BitingTheBullet
    Hurrymom,Ireallyhavetogotothebathroom.Reply:Wewontbethereforanother20minutes.Bitethe
    bullet.

    BlowingYourOwnTrumpet
    IsDebstilltalkingaboutthedealshemade?Reply:Yes,shesblowingherowntrumpet.

    BlowingYourTop
    Steveisinourofficeandhejustfoundoutaboutthedeal.Reply:Icanhearhimblowinghistop.

    BreakingEven
    Sellthatstocknow,whileyouarestillbreakingeven.

    BreakingNewGround
    Nooneinourfamilyhasevermarriedaforeigner.Youarebreakingnewground.

    BreakingTheBank
    Youreallyshouldnotbebuyingthisring.Youarebreakingthebank.

    BreakingTheIce
    Janethrowsgreatparties,andsheisreallygoodatbreakingtheice.

    BreakingTheNews
    Itisthegoalofeverygreatreportedtobreakthenews.

    BringingHomeTheBacon
    Iworkdayandnighttobringhomethebacon.

    BroughtHome
    Weknewtheeconomywasbad.Boblosinghisjobreallybroughtithome.

    CallingYourBluff
    TheysaytheywillfiremeifIskipworktoday,butIamcallingtheirbluff.

    CarryWeight
    WhatIsaycarriesweightaroundhere.
    CarryingItABitTooFar
    Itisokaytomakejokesduringclass,butyouarecarryingitabittoofar.

    CaughtInTheAct
    Youkidsweregoingtotakethosecookies,werentyou?Reply:Yes,wewerecaughtintheact.

    ChangingYourTune
    Shealwayssaidshewouldnevergetmarried,butnowshestheonegettingmarried.Reply:Shehas
    changedhertune.

    ClearingTheAir
    Youvebeenlivingherefortwomonthsandyoustilldonthaveajob.Weneedtocleartheair.

    ClimbingOnTheBandwagon
    Lookwhosclimbingonthebandwagon.

    ComeCleanAboutIt
    YouatethatpieceofcakeIwassaving,didntyou?Comeclean.

    ComingToTheCrunch
    Wehavehadthreeweekstowritethispaper.Nowwearecomingtothecrunch.

    CuttingCorners
    Theycutalotofcornerswhentheybuiltthishouse.Nowhavesomanyproblemstofix.

    CuttingYourLosses
    Iboughtthisstockat50dollarsashare,anditisdownto40.Imgoingtocutmylosses.

    DoTheTrick
    Mymotorcycleisnotrunningwell.Reply:Tryreplacingtheoil.Thatmightdothetrick.

    DoWonders
    Wehiredhertocleanourhouseonceaweekandshehasdonewonders.

    DoingAsYoureTold
    Iwanttostayup.Iamnottired.Reply:Doasyouaretoldandgotobedrightnow.

    DoingTheHonors
    WhocutstheturkeyatThanksgivingdinneratyourhouse?Reply:Myfatherdoesthehonors.

    DoingYourHomework
    Johnisanexcellentlawyer.Healwaysdoeshishomework.

    DrivingAHardBargain
    Twentythousanddollarsisalotofmoney.Youdriveahardbargain.
    DroppingABrick
    Thebosscameinanddroppedarealbrick.Hesaidtheyareplanningtocloseouroffice.

    DroppingNames
    IdatedanactressinNewYorkwhowasconstantlydroppingnames.Reply:Ohno,Icantstand
    namedropping.

    ItComesInHandy
    Imgladyoubroughtyourknife.Reply:Yes,itreallycomesinhandy.

    JumpingOnTheBandwagon
    Mygrandfatherjumpedonthebandwagonandgothimselfanemailaccount.

    NeverBeenSoLucky
    IgotoffthebusinWestSeattle,turnedaround,andyouwerethere.Iveneverbeensolucky.

    ShortQuestionsOfGen.Knowledge,EverdayScience,ComputerScience,
    ObrivationsForPCS,PMS,&CSSExams
    MountOlympusisinGreece.
    ThemountainrangeinRussiathatisregardedastheboundaryb/wEurope&AsiaisUrals.
    MargallaHillsofIslamabadareextensionofHimaliyarange.
    UralmountainsseparateAsiafromEurope.
    Ordovicianareoldestrocks.
    OldestmountainsystemareAraveli.
    YoungestmountainsystemareHimaliyas.
    AndesMountainsareinSouthAmerica.
    RingofFirearevolcanoesinCircumPacificSeismicbelt.
    AlpsareEuropeslargestmountainsystem.
    AtlasareNorthAfricasmountainrange.AtlasMountainsareinMorocco.
    TheHimalayamountainrange(Asia)isthegreatestmountainrangeintheworld.

    AyersRockisthelargestsinglerockintheworld.
    MaunakeavolcanoisinHawaii
    WhatistheworldslongestmountainrangeTheAndes

    BlackforestisamountaininGermany.
    RockyorRockiesMountainsisthelargestmountainsystemofNorthAmerica.
    KohiSultanisinPakistan.
    HighestmountainsystemintheworldisHimalayas.
    SefidKohismountainrangeinAfghanistan.
    BlueMountainsareinAustralia.
    MaunaKeavolcanoisinHawaii.
    WhatisthenameofthesecondhighestmountaininAfricaMountKenya
    InwhatmoderncountryismountAraratTurkey
    MostactivevolcanoItalianaissituatedinHawaii.
    MountEverestisinHimalayarangewithheight29,028feetfirstascentmadeonMay29,1953.
    K2namedGoodwinAustinorChagoriisinKarakoramRangewith28,250ftheight.Firstascentmadeon
    July31,1954.
    NangaParbatisinHimalayarangeisknownasKillerMountainwithheight26,660ft.Firstascentwas
    madeonJuly3,1953.
    BroadPeakIisinKarakoramrangewithheight26,470.
    TirichMirisinHinduKushmountain.
    PrinceCharlesismountainrangeinAntarctica.
    ZardakisthehighestpeakofKirtharrange.
    WherearetheglasshousemountainsQueenslandAustralia

    IMPORTANTMOUNTAINPASSES
    NamniPassisinMyanmar.
    KhunjerabPassishighestpasinPakistan.
    AlpinePassisinUSA.
    LowariPassisinPakistan.
    KhojaktunnelisinBalouchistan.
    Bolan(Sulaimanrange)passisinBaluchistan.
    KolpurpassisinBaluchistan.
    ShandurPassisinPakistan.
    DonnerpassisinCalifornia(USA)
    Hispar&BiafoglacierisinPakistan.
    SiachenglacierisinKarakoramRange.
    BaltorogracierisinKarakoramRange.
    ChogoLugmaisinKarakoramrange.
    HisparglacierisinHunza.
    MalaspinaglacierisinAlaska(US),
    TasmanglacierisinNewZealand.
    Alpineisthehighestmountainpassintheworld.
    Siachen,batoroandchogolugmaglaciersareinKarakorum.
    April1984,IndiaconductedanOperationknownasOperationMeghdoottocaptureSiachen.
    SiachenGlacieristheWorldsBiggestGlacieroutsidethetwoPoles.ItisalsotheworldsHighestGlacier
    thatiswhyitisreferedtoasTheThirdPole.ItisalsotheWorldsHighestBattleGroundEver
    Africaiswithoutglaciers.
    HighestpointofAsiaisMountEverest(NepalTibet).
    MountAconcagua,highestpeakinthewesternhemisphere,locatedintheAndesMountainsofwestern
    Argentina,neartheborderwithChile.
    BodpoLapassishighestpassinTibet(China)withheight19,412.
    VesuviusisavolcanoinItaly.
    Swatvalleyisinthemountainrangeofhindukash
    SaddlepeakishighestpeakinAnandaman&Nicobarislands.
    KarokotaoisavolcanoinIndonesia.
    ApproximatelythesouthwestmonsoonbeginsinPakistaninlateJuly.

    OCEANS
    Largestoceanispacific,thenAtlantic,IndianandthenArctic.
    LargestseaisSouthChinaSea,thenCaribbeanSea,thenMediterraneansea,BehringSeaGulfof
    Mexico,SeaofJapan,HudsonBay,EastChinaSea,AndamanSea,thenBlackseathenRedseaandin
    thelastBalticsea.
    SeaofJapanisfamousforfishingarea.
    Totalseasare12.
    BermudaTriangeislocatedinAtlanticOcean.
    DiegoGarciaisinIndianOcean.
    ThedeepestplaceintheIndianOceanisSundaTrench.
    CaspianSeaislocatedinIraqAzerbaijan,Turkmensitan,Kazakhstan&Russia.
    CaspianSeaisthelargestsaltwaterlakeintheworld.
    CaspianSeawaterissharedbyIran,Russia&Azerbaijan.
    WhichseaissometimescalledtheEuxineSeaBlackSea
    WhatseaisdirectlynorthofPolandBalticsea
    ArcticOceanisthesmallestocean.
    CyprusisanislandintheMediterraneanSea.
    ThewatersofCaspianSeaaresharedbyRussia,Iran&Azerbaijan.
    Whatistheworldslargestsea(inarea):SouthChina
    AralSeaisinCentralAsia(Kazakhstan).Aralisaninlandsea.
    WhatistheworldswarmestseaTheRedSea
    AegeanSeaislocatedinAtlanticOcean.
    SargassoSeaiswithoutacoastline.
    Whichofthefollowingcauseoceancurrents?Permanentwinds
    Netherlandslandisbelowsealevel.
    AtlanticOceaniscalledtheHerringPond.

    FAMOUSSEAPORTS
    AbadanisinIran.
    AlexandriaisinEgypt.
    AntwerpisinBelgium.
    AqabaisinJordan.
    BandarBushehrisinIran.
    BristolisinUK.
    CardiffisinUK.
    PlymouthisinUK
    LeHarveisinFrance.
    MarseillesisinFrance.
    NewOrleansisinUSA.
    PenangisinMalaysia.
    ChalnaisinBangladesh.
    DammamisinSaudiArabia.
    GlasgowisinUK.
    HambrugisinGermany.
    HochiMinhisinVietnam.
    HonoluluisinUSA.
    LatakiaisinSyria.
    PhildelphiaisinUSA.
    PortSaidisinEgypt.
    RiodeJaneiroisinBrazil.
    RotterdamisinNetherlands.
    TartousisinSyria.
    ValparaisoisinChile.
    YokohamaisinJapan.
    ZadarisinCroatia.
    PondicherryisinIndiasouthofChennai.
    PortHercourtisthe2ndlargestportofNigeria.
    DarwinistheseaportofAustralia.
    Haifaistheseaportofwhichcountry?Israel.
    Seattleseapot.USA
    SantosisknownastheCoffeePortoftheworld.
    InwhichUSstateisitshighestmountainAlaskaMountMcKinley
    DicksonistheseaportofMalaysia.
    TartusistheseaportofSyria.

    FAMOUSSTRAITS
    PalkStraitseparatesIndiafromSriLanaka.
    BabulMandabstraitseparatesArabiafromAfrica.
    BabelMandabstraitleadsintotheRedSea.
    Redseaisb/wArabiaandAfrica.
    DavisStraitseparatesGreenlandfromBaffinIsland.
    TheDavisStraitliesbetweenCanadaandGreenland

    MessinastraitseparatesItalyfromSicily.
    JohorstraitseparatesMalaysiafromSingapore.
    BassStraitseparatesAustraliafromTasmania.
    FloridaStraitseparatesCubafromFlorida.ItjoinsAtlanticOceanwithGulfofMexico.
    DoverstraitseparatesEnglandfromFrance.
    GibraltarStraitseparatesSpainandAfricaandjoinsMediterraneanSeawithAtlanticOcean.

    TorresStraitseparatesAustraliaandPapuaNewGuinea
    BeringStraitseparatesAsiafromAfricaandjoinstheRedSeaandPersianGulf.
    BosporusStraitconnectsBlackSeawiththeSeaofMarmora.
    Dardanellesstrait(Turkey)joinsMarmoraseawithAegeanSea.
    Malacca(Indonesia)straitseparatesSumatrafromMalayPeninsula.Itislongeststraitintheworld.
    Mozambiquestraitisthebroadeststraitintheworld.Itisb/wMozambiqueandMadagascar.
    SundastraitseparatesSumatrafromJavaIsland.
    40%ofworldoilpassesthroughStraitofHormuz
    ThegatewaytotheGulfofIranisStraitofHormuz
    .

    WORLDRIVERS
    Thirdworldcomprisesof70%ofworldpopulation.
    HamunMashkelLake(Baluchistan)issaltwaterlake.
    MostimportantcropofNiledeltaisCotton.
    Pak:is4thamongworldslargestcottonproducers.
    AfamousnaturalbridgeislocatedinVirginia.
    EskimosliveinNorthAmerica.
    IberianPeninsulaisapartofEurope.
    ThenumberofCARSisfive.
    HeightofIslamabadis2000ft:abovesealevel.
    TheDevilTowerpresentinUSisavolcano.
    HudsonBayislargestbayandisinNorthernCanada.
    LargestgulfisGulfofMexico.
    GrandCanalisoldestmanmadecanalforshippingpurposeinChina.
    SharkbayisinWesternAustralia.
    EnglishChannelseparatesEnglandfromFrance.
    GulfofSidraisinLibya.
    RedriverisinUSA.
    GulfoflionisinFrance.
    ChurchillwaterfallisinCanada.
    DanubeRiverisinRomania(Europe).ItpoursintoBlacksea.
    TheVolgaisEuropelongestriverwhatisthesecondlongestDanube
    VolgaRiverisinRussia.
    WhatistheonlyriverthatflowsbothnorthandsouthofequatorTheCongo
    NewZealandissituatedintheregionofOceania.
    OxusRiver(alsocalledAmuDarya)isflowingbetweenAfghanistanandTajikistan.Itisthelargestriverof
    centralAsia.
    BariDoabisthearealyingbetweenRiverRaviandRiverBeas.
    SURMAisthenameofariver.
    WindermereLakeisthelargestlakeofUK.
    WhatisFranceslongestriver:Loire
    Hundroo(Hundrubagh)WaterFallsareinIndia.
    Anicebergfloatinginseawillhaveonetenthofitsmassabovethesurfaceofwater.
    JogFallsarethehighestwaterfallsinIndia.
    WhichriverisinLebanon?RiverLatani
    HighestsalinityisfoundintheGreatSaltLakeinUSA.
    NiagaraFallswasdiscoveredbyLouisHennepin
    MadagascarispopularlyknownastheIslandofCloves
    NiagaraFallswasdiscoveredbyLouisHennepin
    RiverDarlingisinAustralia.
    GatewayofPacificisPanamaCanal.
    PanamaCanallinksPacificOceanwithAtlanticOcean.
    PanamaCanalwasopenedin1914.
    PanamaCanallinksNorthAmericawithSouthAmerica.
    AmazonRivercrossesEquatortwice.
    TheAmazonriverrisesinwhichcountryPeru
    AmazonRiverislargestriverintermsofvolume.ItisinBrazil.ItpoursintoAtlanticOcean.
    ThelongestandlargestriverinAsiaisYangtze.
    ThelargestriverinChinaisTheYangtzeRiver.
    TheSoanandtheHaroarethetworiversofPotoharPlateau.
    AswandamisconstructedonriverNile.
    WorldslargestearthfilleddamisTarbela.
    Voctoriafallsareontheborderb/wZimbabwe&SouthAfrica.
    TiticacaisthehighestnavigablelakeinworldextendingfromPerutoBolivia.
    LakeBaikalisthedeepestlakeintheworld.ItislocatedinSiberia.
    IndusRiverpoursintoArabianSea.
    AfterIndus,thelongestriverisSutlajinPakistan.
    ThelongestriverinSouthAsiaistheBrahmputra.
    NileRiverpoursitswaterintoMediterraneanSea.
    DonRiverpoursitswaterintoSeaofAzov.
    TigrisRiverpoursitswaterintoCaspianSea.
    LakeMeadisamanmadelargestlakeintheworld.
    ThelargestriverinFranceisLore
    MostpopulatedlakeisLakeEire.
    SuezCanalis170Kmlongconstructedin1869.
    TheSuezCanalwasconstructedin1869.
    TheSuezCanallinktheMediterraneanSeawiththeRedSea.TheCanalwasconstructedbyaFrench
    Engineer,FerdinandDeLesseps.
    TheSuezCanalwasnationalizedbyCol.Nasseron26thJuly,1956.
    MarianatrenchisthedeepestpartintheoceananditliesinPacificOcean.Itisalsocalledthedeepest
    seafloordepressionintheworld.
    RiverZambeziflowsinSoutheastAfrica.
    EuphratesflowsinSyriaandIraq.
    Mesopotamiaistheregionb/wTigris&Euphrates.
    MississippiriverflowsinUSA.MississippiislongestriverofAmerica.
    MissouririverflowsinUSA
    HudsonRiverflowsinUSA.
    LakeMichiganflowsinUSA.
    GoldenRiverflowsinAlaska,Canada.
    InwhatcountryarethePaintedLakesIndonesia
    NametheriverthatflowsthroughBaghdadTigris
    WhatcityhasthemostcanalsBirmingham
    SuezCanalwasacquiredbyBritainin1875andnationalizedbyEgyptin1956.Itremainsclosed196775
    afterArabIsraelWar.
    ThamesRiverisinEngland.
    SeineRiverisinFrance.
    HangHeriverisinChina.
    VictoriaLakeformsboundarylineb/wTanzaniaandUganda.
    VictoriaLakeisinAfrica.
    SourceRiverJehlumisVerinag.
    LakeSuperioristhelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.ItislocatedinNorthAmerica(USACanada).
    LakeVictoriaislocatedinKenyaTanzaniaandUganda.
    GreatBearLakeislocatedinCanada.
    HuronLakeisinUSACanada.
    InwhichcountrywouldyoufindLakeDisappointmentAustralia
    TheAmazonriverdolphinsarewhatcolourPink
    WhichofthefollowingriversrisesinlakeLanKaTsoinTibet?Sutlej
    VolgariverpoursitswaterintoCaspianSeaitislongestriverofEurope.
    DonisariverofRussia.
    LakeErie(N.America)ismostpollutedlakeintheworld.
    LakeMeadontheArizonaNevadaislargestmanmadelakeinUSA.
    BaikalLakeisinSiberiandesert.
    PalkBayliesb/wGulfofMannarandBayofBengal.
    PanamaCanalconnectsAtlanticOceanwithPacificOcean.
    3GorgesDamisin..China
    IndusoriginatesfromTibetnearMansorowarLake.
    TheVictoriaFallsinAfricaislocatedonriverZambezi.ItisthehighestfallofAfrica.
    MtMerapiislocatedonJava.
    WhatisthelongestriverinAustraliaMurrayDarling
    GulfStreamisanoceancurrentnamedaftertheGulfofMexico.
    ThepanchPokhriLakesituatedintheHimalayaMountainsisthehighestlakeintheworld.
    AswandamisinEgypt.
    WordTsunamiisofJapaneselanguage.
    LargestcoralreefisinAustralia.
    ColoradoRiverformsGrandCanyon.
    RiverRhineisinWesternEurope.
    TheVictoriaFallsislocatedinZimbabwe.
    HighestfallofworldAngelFallsisonriverCarraoVenezuela.
    NiagarafallisinNorthAmericab/wAmerica&Canada.
    RibbonfallisinNorthAmerica.
    SilverStrandfallisinNorthAmerica.
    GrandCanalislocatedinPeoplesRepublicofchina.
    AfterAustralia,Europeisthesmallestcontinent.
    VictoriafallsislocatedinRhodesia.
    DeccanPlateauisinAsia.
    Asiaisthelargestcontinentandcoversabout1/3oftheworldstotallandarea.
    BoththehighestandlowestpointsontheeartharefoundinAsia.
    ThelowestpointofAsiaisDeadSeawhichisabout397meterbelowsealevel.
    Deadsealyingb/wIsraelandJordan.
    AsiaMinorisageographicalexpression,aparttoTurkey.
    Theworldslongestriver,theNileislocatedinAfrica.
    AfricaisalsoknownasDarkContinent.
    HighestpointofSouthAmericaisMountAconcagua(Argentina)andlowestpointisValdesPeninsula
    (Argentina).
    HighestPointofNorthAmericaisMountMckinleyandthelowestpointisDeathValley(California,USA).
    HighestpointofAfricaisKibo,apeakofKilimanjaro(Tanzania)andlowestpointisLakeAssal(Djibouti).
    HighestpointofEuropeisMountElbrusandthelowestpointisCaspianSea.
    HighestpointinAntarcticaisVinsonMassif.
    HighestpointinAustraliaisMountKosciusko(NewSouthWales)andthelowestpointisLakeEyre(South
    Australia).
    ThelowestpointoftheNorthAmericaistheDeathValleylocatedinCalifornia.
    DanubeRiverflowsinAustria.
    VictoriaRiveristhechiefsourceofRiverNile.
    DardanellesconnectsblackSeaandMediterranean.
    Blackseaissocalledbecauseadensefogprevailsthereinwinter.
    TheriverJordanflowsoutintotheDeadsea
    RiverMekongflowsinVietnam.
    RiverThamesflowsinSouthernEngland.
    RiverboatGondolaisusedinItalyscityVenice.
    HydespesRiverisnowcalledtheJhelumRiver.
    ThelengthofPanamaCanalis50072miles.
    Attheequator,theequationofthedayis12hours.
    Meridanmeansmidday.
    Shaleisnotametamorphicrock.

    FAMOUSISLANDS
    St.HelenaisinAtlanticOcean.
    LargestislandinIndianOceanisMadagascar.
    SumatraisanislandinIndonesia.
    ThelargestislandintheworldGreenlandislocatedinNorthAmerica.(chk)
    GreenlandisgeographicallyinAmericabutpoliticallyinEurope.
    KalaalitNunaat(Greenland)Island(Denmark),thelargestislandisinNorthAtlantic
    NewGuineaisworldssecondlargestisland.
    VirginIslandisagroupof100IslandinW.Indies.
    CanaryIslandisinSpain.
    ThelargestIslandintheMediterraneanSeaisSicily.
    Malaqasv(Madagascar)isinIndianOcean.
    BaffinisinNorthAtlanticOcean(Canadian).
    SumatraisinNorthestIndianOcean(Indonesia).
    NeawZealandisinSouthPacificOcean.
    BorneoIslandisinPacificOcean.
    HonshuIslandisinNorthWestPacific.
    GreatBritainIslandisinNorthAtlantic.
    VictoriaIslandisinArcticOcean.
    BaffinIslandisinAtlanticOcean.
    EllesmereIslandisinArcticOcean.
    GalapagosIslandsareinPacificOcean.
    Indonesiaconsistsof1300islands.
    WorldslargestDeltaisSunderlands(India).
    ParacelIslandsareof.chinavsVietnam
    WhichcountryownstheHenandChickenislands:NorthislandNewZealand
    IndiancityMumbaiconsistsofsevenislands.
    ThefamousIslandlocatedatthemouthoftheHudsonriverisManhattan
    SugarIslandisthelocatedattheconfluenceofGangaandtheBayofBengal.
    CathyPacificisanisland.

    FAMOUSDESERTS
    ThardesertislocatedinNorthwestIndiaandEastPakistan
    DshtiLutdesertisinIran.
    TheworldslargestdesertSaharaislocatedinAfrica.
    RubAlkalidesertisinSaudiArabia.
    KalharidesertisinSouthAfrica.
    GobidesertisinMongolia&China.
    TheAtacamaDesertislocatedinNorthChile,SouthAmerica.
    WhatistheworldsoldestdesertcountrynamedafteritNamib
    NamibDesertisinSouthWestAfrica.
    SimpsonDesertisinAustralia.
    GreatVictoriaDesertisinAustralia.
    KalharidesertisinSouthAfrica.
    ArabianDesertisinEgypt.
    DeathValleydesertisinCalifornia.
    GibsonDesertisinAustralia.
    GreatSandyDesertisinAustralia.
    KarakumdesertisinTurkmenistan.
    KavirDashtDavirdesertisinIran.
    NafuddesertisinSaudiArabia.
    RubelKhalidesertisinSouthArabianpeninsula.
    SonorandesertisinArizonatoMexico.
    TaklimankanisdesertinChina.
    DesertsinAsiaare:Gobi,Karakum,RubalKhali,Taklamakan.
    TaklaMakandesertisinXinjing(China).
    DesertsinAfricaare:Kalhari,Namib,andSahara.

    CITIESONRIVERBANKS
    VenicestandsonwhatriverTheArno
    NewYorkisonRiverHudsonsbank.
    BudapestislocatedonthebankofDanuberiver.
    ParisissituatedontheriverRhine.
    RiverpassingthroughParisTheSiens
    ParisislocatedontehbankofSeineriver.
    AgraisonthebankofJamunaRiver.
    OnriverDanubeBudapestislocated.
    OnriverSieneParisislocated.
    MontrealissituatedonthebankofriverOttawa
    ThecityofBonnissituatedinGermany
    CalcuttaissituatedonHoogliRiver.
    BelgradestandsontheriverDanube.
    RomeislocatedbesidetheriverTimber.
    AttockliesonRiverIndus.
    BaghdadliesonTigris.
    BahawalpurliesonSutlej.
    BasraliesonShattalArab.
    BedfordliesonDanube.
    BerlinliesonSpree.
    Bonn(Germany)liesonRhine.
    Brussels(Belgium)liesonSenno.
    Budapest(Hungary)liesonDanube.
    CairoliesonNile.
    KolkataliesonHoogli.
    ChittagongliesonKarnaphuli.
    DhakaliesonBooriGanga.
    DamascusliesonBarada.
    DelhiliesonJumna.
    Hyderabad(Sindh)liesonIndus.
    JhelumliesonRiverJhelum.
    KanpurliesonGanges.
    KhartoomliesonBlueandwhiteNile.
    LahoreliesonRavi.
    LondonliesonThames.
    MosulliesonTigris.
    ParisliesonSeine.
    RohriliesonIndus.
    RomeliesonTiber.
    TokyolieonSumida.
    SukkurliesonIndus.
    WashingtonliesonVistula.
    WazirabadliesonChenab.
    DublinissituatedatthemouthofriverLiffey
    MoscowissituatedonthebankofriverMoscow.
    KhartoumissituatedonthebankofNileRiver.
    BhawalpurissituatedatthebankofSutlej.
    WhatcityisatthemouthoftheMenamriverBangkok

    GEOGRAPHICALDISCOVERIES
    ErictheReddiscoveredGreenland.
    MarcoPolo(Italian)reachedChinathroughIndia.
    Vescodagama(Portuguese)discoveredsearroutefromEuropetoIndia.
    PedroAlvarezCabral(Portuguese)discoveredBrazil.
    GeorgeLordAnson(English)sailedaroundtheearth.
    CharlesA.Lindberg(American)madefirstnonstopsoloflightacrosstheAtlantic.
    Various(Portugese)discoveredSriLanka.
    C.F.Blair(US)madethefirstsoloflightovertheArctic.SirVivianFuchsandEdmundHillary(US)first
    crossingoftheAntarcticcontinent.
    G.H.Wilkins(Australian)flewovertheSouthPole.
    CISarelandlockedcountriesofAsia.

    WORLDCOUNTRIES
    BuckinghampalaceistheresidenceofBritishkingandQueenisinLondon.
    10DowningStreetistheresidenceofBritishPM.
    QueenshouseistheofficialresidenceofSriLankanpresident.
    GreatWallofChinawasbuiltinthereignofShihHuangti
    BlueHouseistheofficialresidencein..SouthKorea
    IstanaMerdekeistheofficialresidenceofPresidentofIndonesia.
    ElyseepalaceisthenameoftheresidenceofFranchPresident.
    Whatcountrysleaderdoesnothaveanofficialresidence:Cuba

    GENERALKNOWLEDGE
    AmbatiBalamyraliistheyoungest(17yearsold)doctorofIndianoriginintheworldwhoreceivedhis
    medicaldegreefromMountSinai,NewYork.
    Ambedkar,B.RisknownasthearchitectoftheIndianConstitution.
    ApsraisthefirstnuclearreactorofIndia.
    Aquaculturereferstofishfarmingorfishculture.
    Bakuisfamousfortheproductionofpetroleum.
    Bluerevolutionrelatestofishfarming.
    Borlaug,NormanErnestwasAmericanagriculturalscientisttandwinneroftheNobelPrizeforPeacein
    1970.HewasoneofthosewholaidthegroundworkoftheGreenRevolution.
    Buoystandsforamanservinginanyhotelforluggagetransportationorasaguide.
    ChakmasarerefugeesfromBangladeshsettledinIndia.
    CharareShariefistheDargahofSufisaintSheikhNooruddinWaliinKashmir.
    CharminarislocatedinHyderabad(India).
    ChernobaylisaRussiancityhavinganuclearpowerplantwhereatankofreadioactivewasteexplodedin
    April,1993.ThisexplosionisknownasChernobylDisaster.
    ChrisPattenwasthelastBritishGovernorofHongKong.
    ItissummerseasoninAustraliaduringChristmas.
    ChurchillwasPMofU.KduringWWII.HeisknowntohavesaidIhavenothingtoofferexceptblood,
    sweatandtears.
    ConditionedReflexisthetermmainlydiscussedinPsychology.
    Crossbreedingistobedoneforachievingquickincreaseinmilkproduction.
    Crystaloscillatorisinelectricwatch,thecomponentcorrespondingtopendulumofapendulumclock.
    TheproductionofculturedpearlsisanimportantcottageindustryofJapan.
    Debentureisacertificateissuedbyacompanypromisingthepaymentofaspecifiedamountatafixedrate
    ofinterestafteraspecifiedperiod.
    Adeflectorisatechniqueofadjustingforchangesinpricelevel.
    DesdemonaisacharacterintheShakespearesplayOthello.
    DickyDolmaistheyoungestwomanclimberofMt.Everest.
    Dr.WatsonisafictionalcharactercreatedbySirArthurConanDoyle.
    DunkelDraftrelatestointernationaltrade.
    DzongkhaistheofficiallanguageofBhutan.
    E.T.AisaterroristorganizationinSpain.
    Elephantstusksarecalledenlargedcartilaginousbones.
    ErasmuswasaDutchwrither.HisPraiseofFollyisstillread.
    Esperantoisanartificialinternationallanguagecreatedtoactasworldlanguage.
    EuroisthenameofNewSingleEuropeanCurrencylaunchedonJanuary1,1999.
    EveryStreetispavedwithGoldwasauthoredbyKimWooChung,founderofDaewoo.
    Exfoliationisatypeofweatheringcommonbothinthecoldandinthehotclimateregions.
    ExitPollisatermusedtodenoteapostelectionsurveyofvotersregardingthecandidateinwhosefavour
    theyhadexercisedtheirfranchise.
    ThereadingsofaFahrenheitandaCentigradetemperatureisthesameat40.
    GregoryMendeliscalledtheFatherofGenetics.
    Fenugreekseedscanbenefitapatientofdiabetesmellitusbynormalizinghisbloodsugarlevel.
    Powdertypefireextinguisherisusedforpetroleumfire.
    Indiaoccupiesfirstpositionintheworldintheproductionoftea.
    ItisthePresidentandnotthePMwhopresidesoverthecabinetmeetingsinFrance.
    SigmundFreudfoundedthetechniqueofpshychoaralysis.
    GuemicaisapaintingbyPabloPicasso.
    IkebanaistheJapaneseartofflowerarrangement.
    Inflationmeansanincreaseintheamountofpapermoneywhichtendstoraisegeneralpricelevelof
    commodities.Itisacomparativefigureshowingcostofliving,productionprices,etcascomparedwitha
    baseyear.DebtorsarelikelytobenefitbyInflation.
    ZeroRateInflationobtainsnecessarilyinayearwheretheannualrateofinflationisconstantineveryweek
    oftheyear.
    ISBN:InternationalStandardBookNumberingisaninternationsystembywhichadistinctidentifying
    numberisassignedtoeachbook.
    JainCommissionwasassociatedwithprobingtheconspiracyangleoftheRajivGandhiassassination.
    JamesBondisacharacterinthenovelswrittenbyIanFleming.
    JanaganamanaisIndiasNationalAnthem.
    JantarMantarisanobservatoryinDelhiconstructedin1724duringthedaysofMaharajaJaiSinghIIof
    Amber.
    ThomasJeffersonauthoredAmericanDeclarationofIndependence.
    JurassicParkwasdirectedbyStevenSpielberg.
    KabalegaisaNationalParkofUganda.
    KalidaswasthegreatestoftheSanskritdaramatist.HeauthoredShakukntala,etc.
    KalingaPrizeisawardedforpopularizationofscienceeachyearbyUNESCO.
    GaryKasparovisassociatedwithChess.
    Dr.V.KureinisassociatedwithDairyFarming.
    BhutaniscalledtheLandofThunderDragon.
    LaosistheonlylandlockedcountryinSouthEastAsia.
    LastSupperisafamousRenaissancepaintingbyLeonardodaVinci.
    LeningradisafamoustowninRussiasituatedonthebankofriverNeva.
    LIBORisthebasicinterestrateoninterbankloansinLondon.
    LifelineExpressistheworldsfirsthospitalonrailsoperatedinIndia.
    G.J.Mendelisknownasfounderofgenetics.
    MeriEkyavenKavitayeniscollectionofpoemsofAtalBehariVajpayee.
    Milkisanexampleofemulsion.
    MissionariesofCharityisthereligiousorderestablishedbyMotherTeresa.

    Montesquieugavethetheoryofseparationofpower.
    MotherTeresawasborninAlbaniain1910.
    NewMooreIslandissituatedintheBayofBengal.
    ParliamentofSwitzerlandisknownasFederalAssembly.
    PasumpatinathtempleisinNepal.
    Photolysisisdissociationofwatermoleculeinthechemicalreactionofphotosynthesis.
    PierryCardinisfamousfashiondesigner.
    PondicherryistheUnionTerritoryofIndiawhichhasalegislature.
    Indiahas16%ofworldspopulation.
    PostalZoneisindicatedbythefirsttwodigitsfromleftofthePincode.
    Eyesofpotatoareusedforvegetativepropagation.
    Prunningisassociatedwiththecultivationoftea.
    TheconceptofPublicInterestLitigationoriginatedinUK.
    PulitzerPrizesareawardedtoAmericansforexcellenceinjournalism.
    Quillfeathersareonthewingandtailofbirdsandarehelpfulduringtheirflight.
    RedCrossMovementwaslaunchedbyJ.H.Dunant.
    Sawscaledviperistheonlysnakethatbuildsanest.
    ScenesfromawriterslifeistheautobiographyofRuskinBond.
    Theaveragesalinityofseawateris3.5%.
    Gram,PeaandSoyabeangroupofseedsarericherinproteinthanRiceandMaize.
    Ateamofmeninoppositiontotakeoverthedifferentportfoliosincasethepartyisabletowrestpoweris
    knownasShadowCabinet.
    Shahtooshisthefinest,warmestandlightestwoolintheworldproducedinUzbekistan.
    Ifashipdesirestotraveltheshortestroute,itmustfollowlongitudeconnectingthetwojointsb/wwhich
    travelistobeundertaken.
    Vaticanisthesmallestcountryintheworldintermsofarea.
    Snakeisalimblessreptile.
    USAistheworldsprincipalproducerofSoyabean.
    StromboliisavolcanoinSicily.
    Tapewormhasnodigestivesystembecauseitisasaprophyte.
    TheRoadAheadiswrittenbyBillGates.
    TorahisthesacredbookoftheParsis.
    UnitedKingdomconsistsofEngland,NorthernIsland,Scotland&Wales.
    WheatstoneBridgeisusedtomeasureresistances.
    InLawrenceofArabiaNobelLaureatePearlS.Buckcollaborated.
    Lengthofaterrestrialmileislesserthanthatofanauticalmile.
    BhaktaTukaramwasacontemporaryofAurangzeb.
    UniversalProductCode(UPC)isadoptedagainstadulterationineatables.
    DolbyBorDolbyCisprintedontaperecordersandothersoundsystemsreferstoNoisereductioncircuit.
    ThenewadministrativecapitalproposedforMyanmarisPyinmana.
    BulgariaandGreecearedisputingoverthehistoricalMacedonianterritory.
    HistoricalmaterialismisatenetofMarximsapproachtostudymankindwithrespecttosociety,economy
    andhistory.
    Lightningisformedwhenstrongoppositechargesindifferentcloudsbreakdowntheresistanceofferedby
    interveningair.
    JohnLockepublishedafamouspamphletknownasRightofMassandurgedthepeopleinEngland,
    AmericaandFrancetofightfortheirliberty.
    EliWhitneyofAmericainventedthecottonginthatseparatesseedsfromcottonthreehundredtimesfaster
    thatbyhandin1793.
    Intermsoftheevolutionoforganismbatisthemostadvancedamongpigeon,shark&vultures.
    Largeaperturetelescopesareusedforgreaterresolution.
    AntonvanLeeuwenhoekfirsttimesawbacteriathroughamicroscopemadebyhimin1683.
    Aseedisaripenedovule.
    Mr.BarackHusseinObamaisAmericas44thPresident.
    Peacanfixnitrogenfromair.
    Exbiologyisthestudyoflifeoritspossibilityonotherplanets.
    SandysoilisdryincomparisontoclayduetoCapillaryaction.
    TheframersoftheConstitutionborrowedtheideaofjudicialreviewfromtheConstitutionofUSA.
    SavanagrasslandsarefoundinAfrica.
    TheproductionofculturedpearlsisanimportantcottageindustryofBelgium.
    Whentwoorganismsexitinsuchawaythatonlyoneisbenefitedbytheother,therelationshipiscalled
    Parasitism.
    QutubMinarmadebyIltutmish,GolGumbazmadebyMohammadAdilShah,BulandDarwazamadeby
    AkbarandMotiMasjidmadebyAurangzeb.

    ElNinoisassociatedwithworldweather.
    TheRedFortwasbuiltbyShahjehan.
    200thanniversaryofthescientistin2009.CharlesDarwin
    BINistheintelligenceagencyof.Indonasia
    SiliconvalleyinCaliforniaisfamousbecauseofSoftwareIndustry
    In2008monarchyendedinacountryafter240yearsNepal
    Countrycelebrating50thanniversaryofcommunistrevolutionCuba
    PearlHarborisinthestateofUSA.Hawaii
    ThetermIntifadameansUprising
    Hamaswasfoundedby..SheikhAhmadYasinin1987.

    LikudandKaldimapartiesbelongtoIsrael
    CitiesofAfghanistanborderalongwithPakistanborder?????
    WhichcityofAfghanistanproducesmostopiumHelmand
    Transittradeagreementb/wpakandafghanin.1965
    OldestorganizationamongOIC,ECO,SAARCandD8..OIC
    TamilsarefightinginwhichareofSrilankaJaffana
    NaxalitemovementisinIndia
    Tegesisthecurrencyof.Kazikhstan
    HemmantThakarewastheChiefofIndianSquadduringMumbaidrama
    TheIdeaofAESMmeetingorganizationwasgivenbyapersonofcountrySingapore.?????
    WorldBankpresidentis.Zollick
    PetticoatgovernmentisthegovernmentbyWoman
    BrainDrainis..migrationofskilledlabour
    RussiaisworriedabouttheMissiledefencesystemofUSin..polandandczechrepublic.
    RussiagivesoiltoEuropethroughtherouteofUkraine
    KharisinBajur
    ThewordPhilatelymeans..Stampscollection
    StudyofHumanraces.Ethnology
    MarcoPolowas..Traveler
    EastIndiaCompanywasestablishedduringtheperiodofJehangir
    Operationcastleadwasthenamewhichkilled1400
    Winnerof8oscarawardsmoviein2008.SlumdogMillionaire
    MadamTausandmuseumisin..London
    1metrictonisequalto1000kgs
    UNspends$8billioneveryyearon..peacekeeping..??????
    USunderagreementofpartnershipwithPakistanwillgiveopportunityzonesRecentlyPakistanis
    aidedby200mwby..UAE
    Oldestanthemintheworldis.Netherlands
    HungParliamentis.Nosinglepartyhasthemajority
    CountrywiththelargestKurdpopulationIraq
    CountryrecentlyelectedtoIAEA.Afghanistan
    CountrywithwhichPakistanishavingmostofhistrade.USA?????
    KarachiNuclearPowerplantiswiththehelpofCanada
    AcountryclosedherstationforUSAKyrgyzstan
    WorldeconomiccrisiswasduetoHousingandmortgageprobleminUSA
    AfricanUnionPresident.MoammarGadhafi
    OilcompanyAramacoisof..SaudiArabia
    Thecountrywithforeignreservesofabove$2trillionJapan
    KhmerRougewasattackedby.combodiascommunistparty

    Statementtocombatterrorismbytaskforces.Zardari
    Aplacebetweenthesevenwonders..???????
    RussianNewsagency..ItarTass
    Israelpeaceprocesswithpalestinewasstalled.sizeofpalestinianstate
    Apersonsnamewaswrittenandwasaskedabouttheorganisationredcross,
    scouts,CNN,etc
    ObamasconvoytoMiddleEast.JohnMitchel
    NationalIncomeofthecountryisallincomeearninyear
    Petraisanewarchaelogicalplaceinthecountry..Jordan
    MadhyaPradeshisthelargeststateinIndia(byarea)UttarPardesh(bypopulation)
    SigmundFreud,physiologist,medicaldoctor,psychologistandfatherofpsychoanalysis,isgenerally
    recognizedasoneofthemostinfluentialandauthoritativethinkersofthetwentiethcenturyandthefatherof
    modernpsychology.
    Thetermdigitaldividereferstothegapbetweenpeoplewitheffectiveaccesstodigitalandinformation
    technologyandthosewithverylimitedorno.
    WhichgascompanyofRussiasuppliesgastoEuropeanstates?Gazprom
    WhichfamouscharacterisproducedbyJ.KRowling?HarryPotter
    WhichRailwaylineconnectsPakistanandIran?TheQuettaZahedanlineconnectsPakistanandIranby
    railway
    InwhichstateofUSAHollywoodislocated?California.
    WhatisIvyleague?IvyLeagueisthenamegenerallyappliedtoeightuniversities(Brown,Columbia,
    Cornell,Dartmouth,Harvard,Pennsylvania,Princeton,andYale)thatovertheyearshavehadcommon
    interestsinscholarshipaswellasinathletics.
    WhichfemalePMservedforthelongestperiodoftimeintheworld?MargretThature.
    WhichmemberofGandhifamilydiedanaturaldeath?None.
    Smeary(Dajla&Euphrates),Indian/Mohinjodaro.(Gangies&Sindh)wereflourishingatthebanksofthe
    mightyrivers.
    WhichoftheMughalemperorisburriedoutsidethepresentPakandIndiaterritory?Baburat
    BagheBabur(Kabul)(Afghanistan)&BahadurShahZafar(Yangoon).
    Whatisthefreezingpointofheavywater?Freezingpoint(C)3.82,Boilingpoint(C)101.4
    Apariahstateisonewhoseconductisconsideredtobeoutoflinewithinternationalnormsofbehavior.
    Whatnameisgiventotheplaceof9/11?GroundZero
    Gestapowasthesecretpoliceofwhichcountry?Germany.
    KhalilJibranbelongedtowhichcountry?Lebanon
    79.WhatitiscalledwhenStockExchangeisgoingdown?Bearish
    Akelmandesertisinwhichcountry?China
    WhendidGreenwichMeridianWatchstarttowork?1884
    WhatisEvangelicals?
    Whichmonarchyhasrecentlyallowedfemalestorule?
    WhichwasthenativetownofBabar?Farghana
    WhoisconsideredastheLeaderofmodernChineseeconomy?DengXiaoping
    WhendidCrusadebegin?1099
    WhenforthefirsttimeDoctrineofNecessitywasusedinPakistan?MulviTameezuddincase
    Howmanyzerozarein1trillion?12zero
    WhatChineseMuslimsarecalledinprovince____ofChina?province=XinjiangUygur,muslimsnamedas
    =GeysMazars
    TheconquestofChina,begununderGenghis,wascompleted65yearslaterunderKUBLAIKHAN.
    HowmanymemberswereintheUNwhenitwasestablished?51

    SouthPoleisinAntactica.
    TallesttreeisRedwood.
    EastTimoregotindependencefromIndonesia.
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    IndialaunchedoperationVidharaonSiachenin1984.
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    Intifadameansuprising.
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    MughalsruledIndiafor331years.
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    Hanmyunghasbecomethefirstwomanprimeministerofsouthkorea.
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    Mars
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    FortisHospitalschainisanenterpriseofRanbaxy
    Themajornaturalregionsoftheworldaredelineatedprimarilyonthebasisoftemperature,rainfalland
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    TheagreementbetweenIndiaandChina,bywhichbothacceptedPanchsheelasthebasisoftheir
    relations,wassignedin1954
    WhichofthefollowingterritoriesofIndiawas/wereinvadedbyChinaonNovember19,1962?Ladakhand
    NEFA
    Deflationiscontractioninvolumeofmoneyorcreditthatresultsinadeclineofpricelevel
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    Theconservationofhawksandowlsisimportanttomankindchieflybecausethesebirdseatmanyharmful
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    theplaneoftheearthsequatorwerenotinclinedtotheplaneof
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    LaGiacondaisbetterknownaswhat:MonaLisa
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    WhocreatedTarzan(allnames)in1914:EdgarRiceBurroughs
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    USAhasmostairportswhichcountryhassecondmost:Australia
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    InChinatheCulturalRevolutionlastedfrom19661969.
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    CivilWarofUSAlastedfrom18611865.
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    AbdulKarimQasim.
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    Nov18th1989.
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    it.
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    wifeMumtazMahalin1529.ItwasdesignedbyShiraz(IranianArchitect)overtwentyyears.
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    IndustrialRevolutionfirststartedinBritain.
    Afterthefirstworldwar(191418)theAlliessignedatreatyofSevresin1920withTurkey.
    TheMarshalPlanwasannouncedon5thJune1947atHarvard.
    Statueoflibertyis151feettall.Itismadeofcopper,locatedintheLibertyIslandinNewYork.Itwas
    presentedbyFrancetoUS.Itunveiledin1886.
    TheoriginalresidentsofIndiabeforethearrivaloftheAryanwereDravidians.
    RomulusfoundedthecityofRomein753B.C.
    Buddhismisnontheisticreligion.
    MajorityofthepopulationofVietnamcompriseofBuddhist.
    NavalMissileBrahmosCruiseMissileisanIndianMissile.
    Cambodianlanguagehas74Alphabets.
    Chinaspopulationisabout1261million.
    HellasisthewordappearsonthepostagestampofGreece.
    AgroupofNightingalesiscalledaWatch.
    Youngfishiscalledfingerling.
    JoeyisthekidofKangaroo.
    GamofWhales.
    NorthernEuropeisknownwithScandinavianRegionandNordicRegion.
    CountriesAreawiseRussiaCanadaChinaUSABrazil.
    250childrenborneveryminute.
    AAA,AgriculturalAdjustmentActisrelatedtoPresidentRoosevelt.
    CurrentlyoutoftheworldspopulationtheMuslimsareonefifth.
    VirtuepartybelongstoTurkey.
    TheGurkhasaretheoriginalinhabitantsofNepal.
    Federalsystemhascentralandprovincialgovernment.
    TheinternationalcustomarylawswhichallowstatestopunishasoffenderareknownascriminalJuris
    Gentium.
    ThetermInCameraisusedforthetrialofcasewhencaseisheardwithoutreportingtopublic.
    LatintermDeJuremeansbyLaw.
    ThewordIronCurtainwasusedbyWinstonChurchill.
    Reconciliationmeanswhenthirdpartyinvestigatesandsuggestsasolutiontoadispute.
    InliteracytermthedramaticworkwithaimsatexcitinglaughteriscalledFarce.
    Aquilineisforeagle.
    Bovineisforcattle.
    Canineisfordog.
    Caprineisforgoat.
    Corvineisforcrow.
    Equineisforhorse.
    Felineisforhorse.
    Leonineisforcat.
    Lupineisforwolves.
    Ovineisforsheep.
    Pavonineisforpeacock.
    Psittacineisforparrot.
    Simianisforapes,monkey.
    Ursineisforbear.
    Vulpineisforfox.
    Galluppollisthemethodofassessingpublicopinionthroughrepresentativeexpressionofopinionofcross
    reactionofthepopulationofacountry.
    TaxonimportandExportiscalledTariff.
    Antwerpiscalledbythenameofkeytothecommonmarket.
    StoneAgeisalsoknownasPaleolithicperiod.
    Orangutanmeansmanofthewoods.
    SugarIslandisthelocatedattheconfluenceofGangaandtheBayofBengal.
    Agraphiameansinabilitytowrite.
    KingFaisaliscalledTheIslamicCoordinator.
    ThecreatorofMonaLisabelongedtoItaly.
    TheLaborpartybelievesinSocialism.
    TheUSSenatecomprises100members.
    WarsakDamhasbeenbuiltontheRiverKabul.
    5JuneisknownasWorldEnvironmentDay.
    TheSunalsoRisesiswrittenbyEarnestHemingway.
    BlackDeathreachesEnglandin1348.
    IntifadadenotesPalestinianuprising.
    CaucasusissituatedbetweenCaspianandBlackSea.
    KabulinthelargestcityofAfghanistan.
    AkbarwasdiedatAgrain1650.
    In1783BritainacknowledgedtheindependenceofUSA.
    ThetermcartelreferstoUnityofparties,factionsornationinacommoncause.
    Termthebeliefintherightnessofruleislegitimacy.
    Tyrannyistheformofgovernmentinwhichonepersonrulesarbitrarily.
    BarbersinvadedNorthAfricabeforeArabs.
    PopularnameofCanadaisLandofMaple.
    AmericansparliamentisCongress.
    LargestoilcompanybelongtoUSAisTheEcxonCorporation.
    NewnameofLyallpurisFaisalabad.
    Indiancity,Ahmedabad,isassociatedtotextileindustry.
    NationalPeoplesAssemblybelongstoAlgeria.
    AeroflotisRussiasairline.
    BakhtaristhenewsagencyofAfghanistan.
    CroixdeGuerreisthehighestmilitaryawardofFrance.
    ThecurrencyofSyriaispound.
    SomisthecurrencyofUzbekistan.
    MachiavelliwasborninFlorence.
    Montesquieuwrotethespiritoflaws.
    RousseauwasborninGeneva.
    Benthamisthefatherofutilitarianism.
    LeninwasaBolshevikleader.
    HitlerstheoryofthestateisknownasNationalSocialism.
    JohnLockeadvocatedbasichumanrights.
    Montesquieuwasapoliticalsociologist.
    Maojoinedcommunistpartyin1921.
    CeasefirebetweenIranandIraqtookplacein1988,bytheinterventionofU.N.
    8furlongsmakeonemile.
    BallokibarrageislocatedonRavi.
    Loantoacorporationisdebtfunding.
    KhadijaMastoorwroteAngan.
    ImamGhazaliistheauthorofIhyaulUloom.
    Boxingiscallednobleartofselfdefence.
    50nationsarethereinAfrica.
    FortMonroeislocatedatSuleimanhills.
    DerawarfortislocatedinCholistanDesert.
    Relliisthenameofagame.
    AlBerunidiscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
    Duetobuffersystem,humanbloodhasaphof7.4.
    GeneralsecretariatoftheEuropeanparliamentisinLuxemburg.
    On2ndAugust,1990,IraqoccupiedKuwait.
    Thetermintifadameansuprising.
    ThecityofJerusalemisknownasAlQuran.
    HeadquarterofPLOisinTunisia.
    InEastJerusalemwailingwallisasacredplaceofJews.
    HindenburglineisaboundarylinebetweenPolandandGermany.
    ChangaManga,partofPunjab,isfamousforSheeshamTimberforest.
    Theshapeofthebaseballis
    KarlMarxbelongedtoGermany.
    BearisasymbolofRussia.
    TripitakistheholybookofBuddhists.
    DukeWellingtonwonthebattleofWaterloo.
    KingFaisalwasshotdeadbyhisnephewin1975,inthecityofRiyadh.
    NepalistheonlyHindustateintheworld.
    IndusValleycivilizationwasdestroyedbyAryans.
    SamudarGuptaiscalledNapoleonofIndia.
    ThethemeofthefamousplayCaesarandCleopatrabyG.B.ShahisaHistory.
    AbrahamLincolnabolishedslaveryinAmerica.
    ThereignofRaziaSultanalastedfor3years.
    GitaorVedasaretheholybooksofHindus.
    Holyprophet(p.b.u.h.)hadbeenpoisonedbyaJewishhostessatthetimeoftheconquestofKhyber.
    KhalidbinWaleedhadbeentitledassaifullah.
    Iraqiscalledthesiteofancientcivilization.
    UqbabinNafahiscalledMuslimAlexander.
    LordsisfamousacricketgroundinEngland.
    DuringthecivilwarthesupporteroftheparliamentcametobecalledRoundheadssupportersofOLIVER
    CROMWELLandtheparliamentariansagainstKINGCHARLES1duringtheENGLISHCIVILWAR.
    Thequeencandonowrongmeansthequeenisimmunefromthejurisdictionoflaw.
    ThefederalgovernmentoftheUSAcameintoexistenceon30thApril,1787.
    InAmericatheresiduarypowersarevestedinthesates.
    Virginia,oneofUSstates,iscalledtheMOTHEROFPRESIDENTS.
    ThetermofaUSsenatoris6years.
    TheantifederalistslateronassumednewnameCAVALIERS.
    RepublicanPartywasfoundedbyAlexanderHamilton.
    TheAmericanpresidentMr.Rooseveltwaselectedforfourtimes.
    TheAmericandeclarationofindependencewasissuedin1783.
    WarisshahiscalledtheShakespeareofPunjabiliterature.
    ThepharosofAlexandria,anancientwonder,wassituatedinanIslandnearAlexandriawasalight
    house.
    ThepoetryofJalaludDinwasinPersianlanguage.
    Aibakdiedwhileplayinggame,POLO.
    GeneralRommeliscalleddesertfox.
    PMIndiraGandhiwasassassinatedbySikhsin1984.
    FaizAhmedFaizistheonlyPakistanipoetwhogotLENINPRIZE.
    Bluemosque,alsoknownasthemosqueofSultanAhmad,istheonlymosqueintheworldthathassix
    minarets,anditissituatedinIstanbul.
    OmarbinAbdulAzizwasacaliphofUmayyaddynasty.
    MizziniwasknownasthetheprophetofItalianUnification.
    BabaFaridGangShakarwasthefirstPunjabipoet.
    NationalgameofSwitzerlandisskiing.
    .
    UAEconsistsofsevenindependentstates.AbuDhabi,Sharjah,Fujairaarethreeofthesevenstates.
    Safetystockofthegrainsholdbythegovernmentisoverheadstock.
    Generalsalestax,undertheconstitution1973isaFederalsubject.
    AbdurRasheedwasthefirstchiefJusticewasthefirstchiefjusticeofPakistan.
    ZafarullahkhanwasthefirstforeignministerofPakistan.
    HouseoflordisthefinalcourtofappealinEngland.
    TwotermstenureofUSparliamentwasfixedin1951.
    Thefederalistslateronassumednewname,Republicans.
    ThelowerhouseofFranceconsistsofNationalassembly.
    CherieBlaireisthe1stdayofEngland.
    Alllightwaveshavesamefrequency.
    Buddhismaccountsfor100%totalpopulationinBhutan.
    MauritiusisthepartoftheworldthatisknownasstarandkeyoftheIndianocean.
    TowerofsilenceisPlacewheredeadremainsoffollowersofZoroastrianareplacedafterfuneralrituals.
    WhowasBismarck:GermanPoliticianandstatesman.

    Shaleisnotametamorphicrock.
    ShahJehaniscalledthemasterbuilder.
    BigBenisaclockplacedonBritishparliament.
    PristineisthecapitalofKosovo.
    ToshowthedistributionofpeopleofPakistanweshoulduseDomethod.
    HieroglyphicsisthescriptofNileCivilization.
    GeneralShermanisalivingoldtreeinCaliforniaStateofU.S.
    Afterpersistentdecay,radiumwouldbefinallychangedintoLead.
    WorldslargestdeltaisinBangladesh.
    GrandCanyonNationalParkinU.S.A.islocatedintheStateofArizona.
    MarseillesistheseaportofFrance.
    RobindranathTagorewasABengalinovelist.
    WhowroteMuslimSufferingsunderCongressRule':MaulviFazlulHaq.
    SindhSagarisbetweentheriversof:IndusandJhelum.
    NangaParbatiscommonlyknownas:Killermountain.
    WhoinventedCD.(CompactDisc:JamesT.Russell.
    Biodieselisprepared:Fromoilcake.
    VideotapeusedincamcorderstorecordaudioandvideosignalemployeeFinegrainsofIronoxide.
    TherealbrotherofHazratYousufA.SwasBinYamin.
    ThefounderofFalmiddynastywasAlMahdi.
    InsulindrugwasdiscoveredbyPaulLangerhans.
    TalibanmovementinAfghanistanemergedfromKandhar.
    LargestcoaldepositshavebeendiscoveredinwhichTalukaofSindhProvince:Diplo.
    KalhorarulersofSindhwereoriginallyHashmiSayeds.
    NubianMonumentsarelocatedinEgypt.
    PakistanslargestoilfieldsarelocatedinDistrictBadin.
    ThefirstAmericanAstronauttogointospacewasAllenShepherd.
    AnnualCensusinPakistaniscarriedoutevery10thyear.
    ShaheedBenazirBhuttobecamefirstwomanPrimeMinisterofPakistanonDecember2,1988.
    TheDDayoperationduringIIndWorldWarwaslaunchedonthecoastofNormandy.
    Speedofsoundinairis?1200KM/Hour
    Howmanyplanetsareissolarsystem?8
    Whichcelldoesnothaveanucleus?RBC
    AbusiveDrugWhichCellsOfBodyMostEffected?Brain
    Crimerateis?1,000personsperyear
    WhokilledAbuJahal?Maaz&Mauz
    PakistanFallsin?GoldenTriangle
    MajorexportofPakistanis?Cotton
    OnUSmapAlaskaStateison?Awayfrommainland
    BritishoccupiedPunjab?.1849
    InEnglishDictionaryWhichWordHasLargestWords?S
    WhatareCapitalgoods?Goodsusedforfurtherproduction
    WinterrainsinPakistancomefromMediterrenianSea.

    HorseistheChinesenamegiventotheyear2000.
    PollenisproducedinapartoftheflowercalledtheCalyx.
    Afterdrinkingcontaminatedwateryouwouldbemostapttodevelopsymptomsoftyphoidfever.
    PaniniwasagreatscholarofSanskritlanguage.
    HundredyearswarfoughtbetweenFranceandBritainduring13381453.
    WenceslassquareisinPrague.
    ThefirstAfroAsianconferenceheldinApril1955.
    Hotmoneyissaidformoneywhichmovesfromoneplacetoanothertoseekprofitorhighrateofinterest.
    Eritreagainedindependenceon24thMay,1993.
    UnderanagreementwithItaly,Vaticancitycameintobeingasasovereignstateon11thFebruary,1929.
    CharlesKRhodesdevelopedanXRayemittinglaserin1990.
    Sonmeterisaninstrumentusedtostudythebehaviorofvibratingstring.
    Liverreceivesbloodfromthealimentarycanalthroughhepaticportalvein.
    Attheequator,theequationofthedayis12hours.
    Singaporecityisknownaslioncity.
    Theinstrumentusedformeasuringthevelocityofwindisknownasanemometer.
    Thechemicalnameofbakingsodaissodiumbicarbonate.
    PharaohisthetitleofthekingofancientEgypt.TheyruledEgyptfor25centuries.
    NationalInstituteofOceanographyKarachiwasestablishedin1983.
    LordChesterfieldquotedidlenessisonlytherefugeofweakminds.
    Dr.AbdussalamwasawardedNobelPrizein1979.
    ThelargestcityofSouthAfricaisCapeTown.
    Twoboundarycommissionswereappointedtodemarcatetheboundariesbetweentwonewstates,
    PakistanandIndia.
    Afterjoiningcongress,MuslimLeaguejoinedtheinterimgovernmentinOctober1946.
    NPTcameintoforceon1970.
    TheBoforsscandaloccurredinIndia.
    CzaristhetitleusedbytherulerofRussiafrom1547to1721.
    GorgonisaterriblemonsterofGreekmythology.
    Flyingfoxesaretropicalfoxesthatcanfly.
    Thereductionoreliminationofinflationiscalledcreepinginflation.
    Canadaisaleadingproducerofwoodpulpintheworld.
    Londoncarnivalwasfirststartedin1964.
    IndiraGandhiwasthefamousPMwhofirstusedthepopularslogangharibihatao.
    ThesuccessfulcloningofasheepwasreportedbyscientistfromRoslinInstituteEdinburgh(UK)in1998.
    ThenewnameofYalamlamisAsSadiya.
    CzartitlewasusedbytherulersofRussiafrom1547to1721.
    GulfStreamisanoceancurrentnamedaftertheGulfofMexico.
    GorgonisaterriblemonsterofGreekmythology.
    Apairofscissorsisanexampleofalever.
    Pairofdoorsbelongstothesecondclassoflever.
    Duringthewintermonths90%offallenleavesaretakenundergroundbyearthworm.
    DickTurpinwasahighwayman.
    Jamaicawasgrantedfullindependenceon6thAugust,1962.
    FourUSpresidentsaresofarassassinated.
    SinaiPeninsulawasvacatedandreturnedtoEgyptin1982.
    IncidentBostonTeaPartytookplaceinAmerica.
    Initially,Arableaguehassevencountries.
    NixonDoctrinewasoutlinedinJuly1969.
    KingofMalaysiaistheonlykingintheworldwhoiselectedfor5yearsterm.
    Timbolaisakindoflottery.
    Themaximumlimitofsoundbeyondwhichapersoncanbecomedeafis129lbs.
    Dr.JamesWatsondiscoveredthestructureofDNAin1953.
    SirWilliamHowardRussellwasthefirstGreatWarcorrespondent.
    Ameteorologicaltermforahighpressureiscalledanticyclone.
    Zendavestaisaholybookofparsis.
    IslamicsummitMinariserectedinLahore.
    PrivatizationprogrambeganinPakistanis1991.
    NationalanthemofPakistanwasplayedforthefirsttimeonAugust13,1954.
    Spirographisanapparatususedforrecordingthemovementofthelungs.
    ChomasfestivalisheldinKalashvalleynearChitral.
    Dockingmeansrendezvousandlinkupofspacecraft.
    DefensedayiscelebratedinPakistansince1966.
    NameofafamousmosqueinBeijingisNiujieMosque.
    Flagflownathalfmastmeansnationalmourning.
    MaginotlinedividesFrancefromGermany.
    Declarationofhumanrightswasadoptedon10thDecember,1984.
    Olivebranchisasignofpeace.
    Coxorangepippenisabiologicalnameofanapple.
    ChristopherWrendesignedSt.PaulscathedralinLondon.
    AfghanistanwasknownasAriana.
    AnundsendiscoveredSouthPoleinDecember14,1911.
    ThefirstEuropeanscientist,whorefutedthebeliefthattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse,was
    Copernicus.
    Thehundredyearwaractuallylastedfor114years.
    LeninwasthefounderoftheRussiansocialiststate.
    Priortoindependence,GhanawascalledGoldCoast.
    Tanzaniawasformedbytheunificationoftwocountries,TanganyikaandZanzibar.
    ThefirstatomicpowerstationofPakistanwasinstalledinKarachi.
    Starfishisnotastarfishbutaspinyskin(Echinodermata)marineanimal.
    760miles/hristhespeedofsound.
    1480,00,000kmisthedistancefromsuntoearth.
    TemperatureofSunis6000degreeC.
    Necentstateinwhichatomicstateofanelementasaresultofchemicalreactioninwhichitamoreactive
    thaninordinarymolecularstate.
    IslamwasintroducedtoChinainthemiddleperiodoftheseventhcentury.
    DrinkersapparatusisformeasuringtheamountofAlcoholintheblood.
    Atomicpileisaplacewherenuclearfissionismade.
    Dewarsflaskiscalledasthermos.
    AtomicweightofchemicalcompoundsisdeterminedbyMassspectroscopy.
    Chieffoodofmosquitolarvaismicroorganismfoundinwater.
    Chieffoodofbutterflylarvaisleavesofplants.
    Cornaddsmoreoxygentotheatmospherethanitremoves.
    Euspongiaisknownasnaturalbathsponge.
    LiveFluke,biologicallycalledFasciola,isfoundinliverofsheep.
    Earthwormisabisexual.
    Eyesofinsectsarecompound.
    Silkisobtainedfromcocoonofsilkworm.
    ClinicalthermometerusuallymeasuresinFahrenheit.
    Tubelightemitsradiationevenafteritisdisconnected.ItisduetoFluorescence.
    Theconversionofgasesintoliquidunderhighpressureandlowtemperatureiscalledregulation.
    Ifagreenleafisseeninaredlightitscolorwillbeblack.
    EmergeofVIBGYORfromonesideoftheprismisduetorefractionanddispersionoflight.
    Skindoesnotexcreteoil.
    PlantsgrowinginextremelydryconditionarecalledXerophytes.
    RootsabsorbwaterfromsoilwhichisHygroscopic.
    Legumesincreasethefertilityofthesoilbyaddingnitrogentothesoil.
    Newvarietiesoforganismscanbebroughtaboutbyhybridization.
    Malechildisbornifxychromosomesareunited.
    Fertilizationisfusionoftwogameticsofdifferentstrains.
    Fruitdevelopedfromsingleovaryiscalledsimplefruit.
    SeedsaredevelopedfromOvule.
    Parthenocarpicfruitsareseedlessfruits.
    Grainsswellinwaterduetoimbibitions.
    Chlorophyllcontainsmagnesium.
    Mahalanobismodellaidgreatemphasisondevelopmentofheavyindustries.
    Oxidationistheprocessinwhichelectronislost.
    TherateoftranspirationdependsuponfrequencyofStomata.
    LightisnecessaryforphotosynthesisbecauseitproduceATPandreducingsubstance.
    Oxygenliberatedfromphotosynthesiscomesfromwater.
    Redlightismostsuitableforphotosynthesis.
    Respirationmeansfoodoxidationandevolutionofenergy.
    ChemicalpreservationofdeadorganismsinliquidiscalledCryoBilogy.
    Theorganismswhicharetheonlylivingmembraneoftheirgroupandlinktwomajorgroupsarecalled
    LivingFossil.
    Mammalscannotbecoldblooded.
    Trypanosomeaparasitecausingsleepingsickness.
    Halftimeisatimeofradioactivesubstancetakenbythatsubstancetodecomposeradioactivitytohalfof
    itsweight.
    StructureofDNAwasgivenbyWatsonandCrick.
    InNuclearDNAisconcentratedinchromatin.
    Proteinsaresynthesizedbygolgibodies.
    CelluloserespirationisdonebyMitochondrion.
    LightenergyisstoredintheformofchemicalenergyduetotheactivityofChloroplast.
    Protoplasmisacolloidalsolution.
    Voltammeterisanelectrolyticcellforconductingelectrolyticdissociationofelectrolyte.
    Incryptograms,thesexorgansareprimitiveandhidden.
    Thallophytiaincludealgae,fungi,andlichens.
    CarlLinneusisfamousforbinomialsystemofnomenclature.
    Angiospermincludestheplantswhichhavecoveredflowersandcoveredseed.
    Plantcellsresemblesanimalcellbecausehavingacellmembranemadeupofprotoplasm.
    Snakehavebeenevolvedfromlizard.
    PlantsinwhichseedareoutsidethefruitarecalledGymnosperms.
    0.200gramsareequaltoonecarat.
    OnemillioncyclespersecondiscalledMegahertz.
    Linseedoilisusedwhileoilpainting.
    SmellistheweakestsenseinBirds.
    Owlcanrotatehisheadto180degreesoneithersides.
    Ostricheatpebblesforhelpingdigestionbygrindinguptheingestedfood.
    Thecuckoosneaksitseggsintootherbirdsnesttohatch.
    DyneisaunitofForce.
    Birdsarewarmbloodedanimals.
    Birdsbonesarehollow.
    Ovenbirdsbuildstrongnests.
    Weaverbirdsarecalledtothebirdswhobuildtheirnests.
    Malebirdsaremorecolorfulthanfemales.
    Birdsdonotflyarepenguins,emus,kiwis,ostriches.
    Breitlingorbiter3wasthefirstballoontoflynonstoparoundtheworld.
    Aircraftdesignerstesttheirmodelofaircraftinwithtunnel.
    Flapsareusedasairbrakes.
    Amphibianswerethefirstvertebrate.
    Therearethreestagesoffrog.Eggtadpoleadultfrog.
    Metamorphosis>aseriesofchanges.
    KonradLorenz(19031989)wasoneofthefirsttostudyanimalbehavior.
    Surviveverycoldweatherorverydryweatherbygoingintoadeepsleep.Survivingcoldconditionlikethis
    iscalledhibernation.Sleepingthroughhot,dryconditioniscalledaestivation.
    A.DmeansintheyearofourLord.
    AmalisradicalLebaneseShiitemilitaryforceestablishedin1970byMusaSadr.
    BalfourDeclarationwasissuedin2Nov:1917.
    YugoslaviancitySkopijewasdestroyedbyearthquakein1963.
    Bootleggingisaformofsmuggling.
    ReligionofChinesepeopleisConfucianism.
    Frescoisamethodofpaintingonplaster(usuallyawall)meaningfresh.
    Kleptomaniaisanirrationalurgetosteal.
    IntifadaisPalestinianuprising.
    LongMarchwas9600kmjourneyorganizedbyMaoTseTangintheyearof19311934.
    VnukovoAirportislocatedatMoscow.
    MercuryProjectfirstmannedspaceprogrammeofUSA,carrythefirstAmericanintospacelauchedon5th
    May,1961.
    PanIslamoriginatedin1880inOttomonEmpirewasamovementforunitingtheIslamicNations.
    Paperwasinventedin3500BCbyChinese.
    PrintingwasinventedbyChinese.
    Unity,faith&disciplinewasusedbyQuaidonDec:28,1947.
    Philatelyisthehobbyofstampcollection.
    OscarAwardwasintroducedbyLouisBMayerofMetroGoldwinMayerAcademyAwardin1927.
    FirstblackpresidentofSouthAfricawasNelsonMandelahispartywasbannedin1961andhewas
    imprisioned.
    Feminismisthebeliefthatwomensubordinationtomenshouldend.
    BalfourDeclaratoinissuedin2Nov:1917.
    YougoslaviancitySkopijewasdestroyedbyearthquakein1963.
    Bootlegginisaformofsmuggling.
    RiverboatGondolaisusedinItalyscityVenice.
    HydaspesRiverisnowcalledtheJhelumRiver.
    DinosaurmeansTerriblelizard.
    ThenameofheaviestdinosaurwasBranchiosaurus.
    Frescoisamethodofpaintingonplasteritmeansfresh.
    Kleptomaniaisanirrationalurgetosteal.
    IkhwanasSafa,asecretAraborganizationwasfoundedinBasra,Iraq.
    IntifadaisPalestinianuprising.
    LongMarch,a9600kmjourneyin1934wasundertookbyChineseCommunistsunderMaoDeTong.
    VnukovoairportisinMoscow.
    PanIslam,amovementforunitingtheIslamicNationswasstartedin1880inOttomanEmpire.
    Paperwasinventedin3500B.CbyChinese.
    GreatPyramidatGizaisthelargestPyramidbuiltinEgypt.
    St.VitussDanceisadisease.
    Resinisstickyliquidthatemitsfromplants.
    PyramidsofEgyptaretheoldestandonlysurvivedwonder.
    Guru(teacher)NanakwasthefounderofSikhism.
    SilkwasmadefirstlyinChina.
    Skylabwasspacelaboratorylaunchedin1973byUSA.
    Thefirsttankswereusedin1916duringWWIbyBritish.
    HarwardUniversityisinUSA,CambridgeisinUK
    Titanicsankon14April,1912onvoyagefromSouthamptontoNewYorkCityinNorthAtlantic.
    TourDeFranceisFrenchcyclerace.
    FirstwomeninspaceValentineTereshkovewentintospaceinVostoc6on16June1963.
    WatergatescandalinvolvedPresidentRichardNixonin1972.
    ParsesfollowZoroastrianism.
    SeatleistheseaportofUSA.
    DicksonistheseaportofMalaysia.
    AtHydeParkLondonpublicmeetingsareassembled.
    RedSquareisinMoscow.
    EskimosliveinIgloo.
    Blitzkriegmeanssuddenattack.
    DragonisthesymbolofChina.
    BearisthesymbolofRussia.
    ChristopherColoumbusbelongedtoItaly.
    CaspianSeawaterissharedbyIran,Russia&Azerbaijan.
    MagnaCartaisknownastheBibleofEnglishConstitution.
    RussianequivalentofPentagonisKremlin.
    EastTimore,theColonyofPortugal,wascapturedbyIndonesiain1975.
    TiwanseparatedfromChinain1949.
    AmericanNavalBaseDiegoGarciaisinIndianOcean.
    UlsterUnionistswantedtoretainBritishruleinNorthernIreland.
    AntiSemitismmeansanimositytowardsJews.
    Lensattheendofthecompoundmicroscopeiscalledobjective.
    Protozawasfirstobservedincompoundmicroscope.
    FranciscoFernandezintroducedTobaccoinEurope.
    Mobilephonesstartedin1977.
    Penologyisthestudy,theoryandpracticeofprisonmanagement&criminalrehabilitation.
    LengthofIndiaChinaborderis3,380km.
    CyprusgainedindependencefromBritainin1960.
    CypruswasdividedintoTurkishRepbublicofNorthernCyprusandGreekCyprusin1974.
    AlAzharUniversityIlocatedinCairo,Egypt.
    FortressofGrenada,knownasAlhamraisinSpain.
    CapitalofancientBabyloniawasBabylon.
    HanginggardenswereinBabylon.
    BabylonwasonthebankofEuphrates.
    AlmaAta(FatherofApples)isthecapitalofKazakhstan.
    TurkeyandRussiaarebothinEurope&Asia.
    IrelandisalsocalledEire.
    LargestearthquakefatalitiesoccurredinIzmir,Turkeyin1999.
    PentagonisinArlington,Virginaistate.
    PentagonwasdesignedbyGeorgeBurgstrom.
    TaklaMakanisinChinaisthedriestdesertinAsia.
    CathyPacificisanisland.
    AmongtheSevenWonders,ChurchofSaintSophiaislocatedinIstanbul.
    GamalAbdelNassernationalizedSuezCanalin1956.
    QutubMinarisinNewDelhi.
    ShahJahanbuiltTajMehlforMumtazMehalislocatedinAgra.
    CapitalofTebetisLhasa.
    WhiteHouseisinWashingtonDC.
    FrigidZoneistheareawithingthepolarcircleareaaroundtheSouthPole.
    GuantanamoBayisinCuba.
    TartusistheseaportofSyria.
    StatueofLibertywasgiftedtoUSbyFrancein1884
    Voctoriafallsareontheborderb/wZimbabwe&SouthAfrica.
    HouseofU.SCongressinWashingtonD.CisonCapitolHill.
    SaddamHussainexecutedon30Dec:2006.
    TheideaofSAARCoriginatedinthemindofZiaurRehman.
    PakistanleftCommonwealthin1972andrejoinedin1989.
    MustafaKamalPashagave6PrinciplesofKemalism.
    DaytonAccordwassignedtosolvetheproblemofBosnia.
    MI5isthesecretagencyofUK.
    TheChinesecommunistpartywasfoundedin1921.
    After27yearsofimprisonment,Mr.NelsonMandelawasreleasedin1990.
    Scandinaviaconstitutes3states.
    KarlMarkandEngelspresentedtheCommunistManifestoin1848.
    SovietUnionwasreplacedbyRussianfederationinDecember,1991.
    AntigovernmentalprotestsinChinabystudents,workersandsomegovernmentofficialstookplace:
    TiananmenSquare,in1989
    TheBritishSecretaryofForeignAffairsA.BalfourannouncedBritishsupporttoestablishJewishstatein
    PalestineinNovember2,1917.
    LAIAstandsforLatinAmericanIntegrationAssociation.
    Worldpopulationwasonebillionin1803.
    ManiwastheJudgeofworldcourt.
    TheBatistaregimeinCubawasoverthrownbyFidelCastroinJanuary1959.
    RaskomountainissituatedinBaluchistan
    Singaporebecameindependentin1965
    TheAidtoPakistanConsortiummeetseveryyearin:Paris
    OneUSbarrelisequalto:159litres

    TenLargestNations
    ByArea
    1.Russia
    2.Canada
    3.China
    4.USA
    5.Brazil
    6.Australia
    7.India
    8.Argentina
    9.Kazakhstan
    10.Sudan
    ByPopulation
    1.China
    2.India
    3.USA
    4.Indonesia
    5.Brazil
    6.Russia
    7.Pakistan
    8.Bangladesh
    9.Japan
    10.Nigeria
    SmallestbyareaandpopulationisVaticanCity.
    SecondsmallestbyareaisMonaco
    Gibraltaristhesmallestcolony.
    TheworldssmallestrepublicisNauru.
    Canadahastheworldslongestcoastline.
    Monacohasashortestcoastlineof3.49miles.
    Largestcontinuousfrontierisb/wCanadaandUSA.
    Canadaisthecountrywithmostlakes.
    MostsparselypopulatedterritoryisAntarctica.
    MostdenselypopulatedcontinentisAsia.
    Afghanistan,Bhutan,Mongolia,NepalarelandlockedcountriesofAsia.
    ExtremetemperaturewasrecordedinAziziya(Libya)58Cin1922.
    Lowesttemp:wasrecordedatVostok,Antarctica89.2C.
    HighestrainfallisrecordedatCherrapunji(India).
    GreatestsnowfallisrecordedatTamarackCalifornia(USA)
    Planetarywindsconsistofdoldrums,tracewindsandwesterlies.
    AlexandriaisthefamouscityofEgypt,itisalsoanimportantseaport.
    RainfallisrecordedonmapsbyIsohyets.

    IMPORTANTGEOGRAPHICALLINES
    ACurzonlineisthepolishRussianfrontiersetupin1945.
    Deadlineisthelineorboundaryofamilitaryprison,whichprisonersarenotallowedtocross.
    GreenLineisademarcationlinebetweentheGreekandTurkishCypriotcommunities.
    HindenburglineseparatesGermanyfromPoland.
    PakIranborderlinewasdemarcatedon24thSep:1872.
    Lineofcontrolisb/wAzadKashmir&OccupiedKashmir.
    McMohanlineistheboundarylinebetweenIndiaandChina.Itwasdemarcatedin1914.
    RadclifflineistheboundarybetweenPakistanandIndia.Itwasdemarcatedin1947bySirCyrilRadcliff.
    17thparallellineistheboundarylinebetweenNorthVietnamandtheSouthVietnam.
    24thparallelLineliesinRannofKutch.ItisfrontierbetweenPakistanandIndia.
    38thParallellineistheboundarybetweenNorthandSouthKorea.
    49thParallelLineistheboundarylinebetweenCanadaandtheUSA.
    PlimsollLimeisahorizontallineonamerchantshiptowhichashiptheupperlimittowhichashipmaybe
    legallyloaded.
    Deadlineisaboundarylinearoundamilitaryprisonwhichprisonersareforbiddentocross.
    Durandlineis1300milelongfrontierb/wPakistan&Afghanistandemarcatedin189395.ithasover200
    passes.
    GreenlineisapaintedlineinNicosia(Cyprus)thatservesasademarcationlineb/wGreek&Turkish
    Cypriotcommunities.
    MaginotlineisFrenchlineoffortificationbuiltinWWIIalongtheGermanborderformSwitzerlandto
    Belgium.ItdividesFrancefromGermany.
    MaginotlinedividesFrancefromGermany.

    MannerheimlinewasdefensivefortificationlineontheKarelianIsthmusbuiltbyFinlandagainsttheSoviet
    Union.
    OderneisseLinewasboundaryb/wGermany&PolandduringWWII.
    IMPORTANTSTREETS
    BondStreetislocatedinLondon.Itisfamousfortailoringandjewelry.
    DalalStreetislocatedinMumbai(India).ItisthestockexchangemarketofMumbai.
    DrowningStreetNo.10islocatedatWestminster(England).Itisfamousfortheofficialresidenceofthe
    BritishPrimeMinister.ItwasnamedafterSirGeorgeDrowning,adiplomatunderCromwellandKing
    CharlesII.
    ElginStreetislocatedinScotland.Itistheworldsshorteststreet.
    YoungStreetislocatedinToronto(Canada).Itisthelongeststreetintheworld.
    Vicolodellavirilitaistheworldsnarroweststreet.
    CanalStreetisthewideststreetinUSA.
    Broadway(USA)isfamousforvarioustheatersandcinemahalls.Itisregardedasbiggeststreetinthe
    world.
    FleetStreetisinLondonwherenewspaperofficesandpressagenciesarelocated.
    ThebusiestshoppingcentreofLondonisOxfordStreet

    LombartStreetislocatedinSanFrancisco.ThisstreetisalsocalledtheCrookedestStreet.Itisthe
    financialcentreinSanFrancisco.
    WallStreetislocatedinNewYork.Itwasbuiltin1653.Itisfamousforbanking,financeandstock
    exchangemarket.
    InwhichLondonStreetistheUSembassyGrosvenerSquare.
    GENERAL
    ThecountrywhichprovidesfreeeducationatuniversitylevelisSriLanka.
    ThecountrytoadoptgoldstandardforthefirsttimewasUK.
    RomangeneralMarkAnthonywasapoorfisherman.
    6peoplelostlivesintheGreatFireofLondonin1666.
    BoforsscandaloccurredinIndia.
    FirstsystemofEnglishshorthandwasdevisedin1602.
    ChinaissituatedinEasternpartofAsia.
    AfghanistanisalandlockedcountryCentralAsia(Chk)
    BosniaHerzegovinajoinedtheUNonMay22,1992.
    CapitalofMicronesiaisPalikir.
    CostaRicaisaCentralAmericancountry.
    EquatorpassesthroughBrazil.
    AfterAustralia,Europeisthesmallestcontinent.
    SakhalinIslandsenrichedwithoilreservesareclaimedbyRussia&Japan.
    ChangaMangaisfamousforsishamTimberforests.
    ThetotallengthofrailwaysinPakistanis8875km.
    Sialkothasthehighestannualrainfall.
    ThelargestdistrictofPunjabbyareaisBahawalpurj.
    PakistanEnvironmentalProtectionOrdinancewasenforcedin1984.
    Frostshatteringkindofweathertakesplaceonthevalleysideabovethesurfaceofaglacier.
    Monsoonwindreversesseasonlally.
    BermudatriangleextendsuptoSouthFlorida&PuertoRico.

    KyotoProtocolisaninternationaltreatyrelatingtoenvironmentalproblems.
    HazratBahaudDinZaklariayabelongstoChistiaorder.
    ThelongestriverinSouthAsiaisBrahmputra.
    ThelengthofriverIndusis2880km.
    TheoldestHydroelectricProjectinPakistanisinMalakand.
    TheoldestbarrageontheriverIndusatSukkurwasbuiltin1932.
    Europehasnodesert.
    Arabia,Scandinavia&AlaskaarecalledPeninsula.
    TherichestfishinggroundintheworldisNorthEasternAsia.
    Whenoneplaceontheearthisonabiggereasternlongitudethenitstimewillbeahead.
    ArakanYoma:istheextensionoftheHimalayaslocatedinMyanmar.
    Cardamom:Karnatakaisthelargestproducerofcardamom.Indiaisthelargestexporterofcardamomin
    theworld.
    Climograph:isagraphicalrepresentationofthedifferentiationbetweenvarioustypesofclimate.
    Cosmicyear:Onecosmicyearisequaltothetimetakenbythesuntocompleteoneorbitaroundthe
    galacticcentre.
    DateLine,International:InternationalDateLineisaninternationallyagreedlinedrawnparalleltothe180
    meridian.ItdividesthePacificOceanintotwoequalparts.AcrossingoftheInternationalDateLineentails
    repeatingonedaywhentravellingwestwards.
    AberdeeninScotlandisknownforBritainslargestgraniteexporitngindustry.ItisknwnasGraniteCity.
    Alexander(ship)isthenameoftheshipinwhichCharlesDarwintouredforfiveyears.
    Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofsedimentaryrocks?Theyareporous
    WhendoesthesummersolsticeoccurintheSouthernHemisphereofourglobe?22ndDecember
    Mediterraneanclimatehasthecharacteristicofdrysummerswithgreatsunshineandrainywinters
    Precipitationtakesplacewhentemperatureofmoistureinairsharplydecreases
    WhichofthefollowingprocessesisrelatedtotheformationofHimalayas?Folding
    ThetermEyeinacyclonereferstocircularregionofrelativelylightWinds
    GoldHarpbridgeofIstanbulconnectsAsiawithEurope.
    193countriesareinworld.
    LandoccupiedbyAsia29.7%.
    Thicknessofearthcrust20miles.
    Maxheightofcloud20,000.
    RainfallisrecordedonmapsbyIsohyets.
    45CountriesarethereinAsia,18inLatinAmerica.
    Ameteorologicaltermforahighpressureiscalledanticyclone.

    PHYSICALPROPERTIES
    TheoryofmutationwaspropoundedbyHygodeVries.
    AtheoryofacquiredcharacterwasgivenbyLamark.
    CharlesDarwinisfamousforhistheoryofstruggleforexistenceandsurvivalofthefittest.
    SigmundFreudiscalledasthefatherofmodernpsychiatryandpsychology.
    EnergystoredinstretchedspringisElasticPotentialenergy
    Energystoredinfossilfuelsischemicalenergy
    RadiowavesareElectromagneticwaves
    A.Cvoltageisanaloguequantity
    Opticalfibersworkonpolarizationofelectromagneticwaves
    Condenserisusedtocollectthecharge
    Indieselengineignitiontakesplacebycompression
    Aradarusesradiowavestodetectenemyaircraft
    LawoffloatingbodieswasgivenbyArchimedes
    Particlewith+vechargebutmassequaltoelectronispositron
    Nucleusofanatomhas+vecharge.
    BosonsarePhotonsandMesons
    Thereisnoneutronintheatomofhydrogen
    Quarkisanatomicparticle.Scientiststhinkthatprotonandneutronsarethemselvesmadeofstillsmaller
    particlescalledquarks
    Muttonsareparticlesofatom
    JohnDalton,anEnglishscientist,gaveAtomicTheoryin1803describingatomasthesmallestunitofan
    element
    GasinchildrensballoonisHelium
    Weightofelectron=9.1x10power31kg
    Chargeonelectron=1.6x10power19coulomb
    Weightofproton=1.66x10power27kg
    Chargeonproton=1.6x10power19coulomb
    Aprotonis1836timesheavierthananelectron
    Ordinarilyandatomisaneutralparticle
    ErnestRutherford,aNewZealander,in1908discoveredAtomicNucleus
    Speedofsoundisfasterinhotairthanincoldair
    Ultrasonicaresoundwavesofhighfrequency=12000cycles/secandhigher
    Soundtravelsfasterinmoistairthanindryair
    Soundtravelsmorerapidlyinsolids
    Maximumlimitofsoundbeyondwhichamancanbecomedeafis129decibel
    Audiblesoundis2020,000cycles/second
    Inaudiblesound>20,000cycles/second
    Velocityofsoundat0deg:Cis331.7m/s
    Echocanonlybeproduceswhenthedistanceoftheobstacleisatleast17meters
    Whenwehearasound,itsimpressionsremaininourearfor1/10thofasecond
    Imagepersistsforabout1/10thofsecondinoureye
    Forcreatingapersistenceofvision,picturesareprojectedattherateof10ormore/sec
    NuclearEnergyisnotasourceofalternativeenergy.
    Videotapeusedincamcorderstorecordaudioandvideosignalemployeefinegrainsofironoxide.
    Temperatureinsidearefrigeratoris40deg:F
    ThelawsofreflectionwerefirstdiscoveredbyaalHazen
    0.200gramsareequaltoonecarat.
    OnemillioncyclespersecondiscalledMegahertz.
    Carbonfiberismadebyheatingtextilefibers.Theseareusedintennisracketsandracingyacht
    Catalyticconverterreducetheharmfulfumestheengineemits
    Ifyoudoublethevoltageyoudoublethecurrent(Ohmslaw)
    WhatproductusesthemostsilverCameraFilm
    Thespeedofsounddependsonthemediumthroughwhichthewavesarepassing.Thespeedofsoundin
    gasesdependsonwhat?Density
    Twoormoremoleculesofcarbohydratesarelinkedtogetherthroughglycosidicbond
    peptidebondb\waminoacids,joinedtoformproteins,isthelinkageb/wNandC
    Anandroidisanyrobotthat:hastheabilitytomakedecisionsandformulateplans
    Semaphoreswereusedbetweensailorsformanyyearstocommunicatebetweenships
    Oneofthefirstlongdistancecommunicationsysteminventedin1790wasthesemaphorestowers
    Telegraphwasinventedin1821
    Telephonewasinventedin1876
    UsinventorSamuelMoredevelopedthesystemofdotsanddashesoftelegraphthatwasknownasMorse
    Code
    ScientistnowthinkthatprotonsandNeutronsarethemselvesmadeofstillsmallerparticlescalledquarks.
    Portablegadgets=MobilephonesandportableTVs.
    DerailleurgearsareusedinBicycles.
    Motorcrossraceisformotorcycles.
    CantileverbrakeusedinBicycle.
    Speedoflight300,000kilometerspersecond.
    Engineersuseelectronictheodoliteandrangefindertomeasurethedistanceandangletocalibratedstaff.
    CentigradeandCelsiustemperaturesaresamebelowfreezingpoint.
    whichinstrumentisusedtomeasurepressure?Manometer
    thevelocityoflightwasfirstmeasuredbyOlafRoemer
    centigradeandfahrenheitscalesgivessamereadingsat32degrees

    ThefirstEuropeanscientistwhorefutedthebeliefthattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniversewas
    Copernicus.
    Mobilephonestransmitmessageusingradiotypewavescalledmicrowaves
    Superconductorsarealsostrongdiamagneticthismeanstheystronglyrepelmagnets.
    SuperconductorsareusedinveryfastcomputersandalsointrainslikeMaglevs.
    Electronictheodoliteandrangefindermeasuresanddistanceandangle.
    AfluorescentlightisaglasstubecontaininggaswhichproducesUVlightwhencurrentpassedtroughit.
    TubeiscoatedwithphosphorwhichglowswhenUVhitsit.
    Someofthechemicalsfromtherecycleofoldcellsareusedbylivertomakebilewhichisstoredingall
    bladder.
    Whichislighter,goldorplastic?Plastic
    Lasersareaspecialsourceoflightcalledcoherentlightthismeansallthelightwavesareinstepwitheach
    otherandtravelinsamedirection
    Laserproducelightofoneparticularwavelengthanditisssingle,purecolor.
    Thefirsthologramwasmakein1962
    Laser=LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation
    Quartzhalogenbulbsareusedinoverheadprojectorsandspotlights
    Heliumisusestofillairshipsandballoons
    Heliumisusedtopressurizehydrogenfuelinrocketsandtheairindiversairtanks
    Apartfromradon,whichisradioactive,thenoblegasesareusedinlighting.
    Thenoblegaseshaveverylowboilingpoints.
    Liquidheliumisthecoldestsubstance.
    Agasonlybecomesliquidat268.9deg:C
    Combustionisakindofoxidationreaction.
    Atroomtemperaturetheparticlesinairtravelataround1800km/hthesamespeedasabulletfiresfroma
    rifle.
    Generatorsconvertmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy.
    Theprinciplebehindthegeneratoriselectromagneticinduction.ItwasdiscoveredbyMichaelFaraday.
    LovelltelescopeisatJodrellBankthesiteforspaceobservatory
    NicolousCopernicus(14731543)wasborninPolandandwasthefirsttoexplainthesolarsystem.
    Derailleurgearareusedinbicycles
    Cantileverbrakeisalsousedinbicycles
    Staticelectricitymakesaballoonsticktothewallafteryouhaverubbeditonyourhair.
    JohnBardeen,WalterBrattainandWilliamShockleyin1947usedasemiconductorcalledgermaniumto
    maketheworldsfirsttransistor.
    Adiodeconductselectricityeasilyinonedirectionbutresiststheflowofelectricityintheother.
    Acapacitorstoreselectriccharge.Capacitorsareimportantcomponentsformakingtimers.
    Capacitorsareusedinfilteringcircuitsliketrebleandbassinhifi
    Transistorscanbeusedaslogicgates
    Energyvalueoffooditemsisexpressedinkilojoules(kj)orthousandsofjoules.
    BritishscientistJamesPrescottJoulediscoveredtheprincipleofconservationofenergy.
    Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregardingsoundistrue?Itssourceisalwaysavibratingmaterial.
    Weightofanobjectputinasatelliteorbitinginspacearoundtheearthisreducedtozero
    Moviecameratakepicturesatrateof24picturespersecond
    Densityofwateris1
    Waterexpandsasitfreezestoice.Thismakesicelessdensethanwaterwhichcausesicetofloat.
    Heatflowsinthreewaysconduction,convectionandradiation
    AconcavelensisusedforthecorrectionoftheHyperphobia
    Silvermetalhasthehighestelectricalconductivity.
    Mohrsscalehardestsubstanceisdiamondwhatsthesoftest:Talc

    RAYSANDWAVES
    Gammaraysareconsideredthedeathrays.
    Gammaraystravelwiththevelocityoflight
    Gammarayshavemaximumpenetratingpower
    Shortestwavelengthamongalpha,betaandgammaisofgammarays
    Laserraysareusedinmicrosurgery
    Alpharadiationsproduceburnsonhumanbody
    Newtonprovedthatsunlightconsistsofdifferentcolors
    Betaraysarefastmovingelectrons.
    ColorwithshortestwavelengthisBlue
    ViolethaveshortestwavelengthandRedhaslongestwavelength(vibgyor)
    Redlightswavelengthis11800waves/cm(<infrared)
    Leastdeviatedcolorinprismisred
    Greatestdeviatedcolorinprismisindigo(chkviolet)
    Violetlightswavelengthis23600waves/cm(>ultraviolet)
    Ultravioletraysarelessthan3000deg:A
    Greatestvalueofwavelengthisofinfrared
    Visiblewavesarebetween400700nanometers.
    MOTE=MillionTonsofoilequivalent
    REM=Roentgenequivalentinman
    Transversewavescanonlybeproducedinsolids
    Longitudinalwavescanbeproducedinsolids,liquidsandgases
    Onpassingthoughtfoodstuff,xraycankillbacteria
    Violetcoloroflighttravelthoughtglasswithminimumspeed
    Thereisnowavelengthoflightforcolorbrown.
    Whitelightisamixtureofallthecolorsintherainbow.
    Bluehastheshortestwavelengthandredthelongest.
    Radiowavesalsocomefromsunandouterspace.Astronomersuseradiotelescopetohearthem.
    Radarusesmicrowaves.
    Anythingthatiswarmproducesinfraredwavesincludingus.ThehotterthethingthemoreIR.
    InfraredwavesareusedinTVremotecontrol.
    Xrayshaveshorterwavelengthandmoreenergythanultravioletrays.
    Gammarayscomefromradioactivematerials.Theyareusedtokillcancers.
    WithoutexposuretoultravioletlightourbodieswouldnotbeabletomakevitaminD.
    UHF,ultrahighfrequencyareradiowavesusedforTVbroadcast
    Microwavesareusedinradar,mobilephones,microwaveoven,communicationnetwork
    Eachlightcolorisofdifferentwavelength.
    Redlighthasthelongestwavelengthwhilevioletlighthastheshortest.
    Waveswithalongerwavelengththanredlightareinvisibletheyarecalledinfraredwaves.
    InvisibleUltravioletwavehavewavelengthshorterthanvioletlight.
    Red,Blue,Greenareprimecolors.
    Red+Blue+Green=white
    Thewavelengthofvisiblelightisbetween13502500
    Anobjectthatreflectsallthelightlookswhite.
    Loudspeakerconvertselectricalenergyintosoundenergy.
    Lightcolouredclothesaregenerallyworninsummer
    Theelectricaldevicewhichtransformvoltage:transformer
    Anuclearreactioninwhichtwoormorethantwolighternucleararefusedtogethertoformarelatively
    heavierone:nuclearfusion
    Thethreecolourscombinationwhichproducesthesensationofwhitelight:Redgreenandblue
    Theclearskylooksbluebecauseofdispersionoflight
    Whenlightwavestravelfromairtoglassthewavelengthandvelocityvariablesareaffected.
    Electricallinesofforcesareimaginary.
    Frequencydistinguishesultrasoundfromnormalaudiblesound.Itsf>20,000Hz.

    UNITSOFMEASUREMENT
    1horsepoweris745.7watts
    1horsepower=workequaltolifting550lbsofweighttoonefootforonesecond
    1calorieisequalto4.2Joules
    1barrelisequalto159liters
    6feet=1fathom
    1kwh=3.6x10power6joules
    A100wattbulblightsfor1houruses100watthourofelectricity
    273degreecentigradeiscalledabsolutezerotemperature.
    Standardpressureis760mmor14.7lb/in2
    Grossisequalto12dozens
    Mach2=500milesperhour
    1nauticalmile=1825meters
    UnitofpressureisPascal
    ForceismeasuredinNewton(SI),Dyne(CGS)
    At40degFFahrenheitscaleisequaltocentigradescale
    HertzandAngstromareunitsoffrequency
    UnitsofworkandenergyareJouleandErg(CGS)
    Diopterisunitofpoweroflens
    Unitisdensityiskg/m3
    Unitofpoweriswatt,BTU(BoardofTradeUnit)
    UnitofelectricchargeisCoulomb
    Unitofvoltageisvolt
    Unitofelectricresistanceisohm
    UnitofcapacitanceisFarad
    UnitofmagneticfluxisWeber,Tesla
    UnitofradioactivityisBecquerel
    Unitofluminousintensityiscandle,lux
    UnitofcrudeoilisBarrel
    Unitofvolumeofwateriscusec,cubic/sec
    UnitofadmittanceisMho
    Unitofintensityorloudnessofsoundisbel
    UnitofviscosityisPoise
    UnitofflightspeedisMachI
    Unitofatmosphericpressureismillibar
    UnitofwavelengthoflightisAngstrom
    UnitofenergyisElectronvolt
    UnitofbrightnessisLambert
    UnitofluminousfluxisLumen
    IntensityofilluminationorunitofluminosityisLux,CandelaandCandlepower
    UnitofmagneticpolestrengthisWeber
    UnitofRAD(RadiationAbsorbedDose)isGray
    UnitofElectricCurrentisAmpere
    UnitofinductanceisHenry
    Unitofconductanceissiemens.
    UnitofheatisJoule,Calorie,BTU(BritishThermalUnit)
    Radioactivityismeasuredincurrie
    Rutherford:strengthofradioactivity
    Torr:pressure
    Fermi:length[Aunitoflengthequaltoonefemtometer(1015meter)]
    Svedbergunit:sedimentationrate
    Dioptre:poweroflense
    Mho:conductivity
    Henry:inductance
    Maxwell:magneticflux
    Becquerel:radioactivity
    Kilowatthour:power
    Coulomb:unitofelectricalcharge
    Weber:unitofmagneticflux
    Tesla:unitofmagneticfluxdensity
    Siemen:unitofconductance
    Rutherford:unitofrateofdecayofradioactivematerial
    Faraday:unitofelectriccharge
    Angstrom:unitoflength,usedespeciallytospecifyradiationwavelengths
    Parsec:unitofastronomicallength
    Degree:unitofmeasurementofanangle
    Steradian:Unitofsolidanglemeasurement
    DyneisaunitofForce.
    SIunitofpressureisPascal.
    Curieisaunitof:radioactivity
    PascalSoundPressure
    TorrPressure
    CurieIntensityofradioactivity
    AngstromUnitoflength
    LightyearThedistancelighttravelsinayear
    DioptreLensrefractivepower
    HorsepowerUnitofPower
    RadianUnitofangularmeasure
    CandelaUnitofluminousintensity
    Moleunitofamountofsubstance
    WhatismeasuredinunitscalledphonSound192
    WhatismeasuredingrainsfourgrainstoacaratPearls
    UnitofelectromotiveforceinVolt.
    WhatistheSIunitofilluminationLux
    Grossisequalto12dozen.
    Ozoneismeasuredinpercentage.
    AnobjecttravelingatMach2istravelingapproximatelyat500mph.(chk)
    WhatismeasuredontheGayLussacscale:Alcoholstrength
    Chronometerisusedtomeasuretime
    AnemometerisusedtomeasureWindSpeed
    TheclusecistheunitmeasuringthepowerofwhatVacuumpumps
    OnemillioncyclespersecondiscalledMegahertz.
    0.200gramsareequaltoonecarat.
    Voltammeterisanelectrolyticcellforconductingelectrolyticdissociationofelectrolyte.
    8furlongsmakeonemile.
    Abillioncontain1000million.Ithas9zeroes.Similarlyatrillionhas12zeroes,aquadrillion15zeroes,a
    quintillion18zeroesandadecillion33zeroes.
    Oneinchisequalto2.5400cmsandonemileisequalto1.6093kms.
    OnemicronisequaltoOnethousandthofamillimeter.
    2.47105acresisequaltowhatSIunitHectare
    WhatworddescribesonetenthofanauticalmileCable
    WhatismeasuredontheTorroscaleTornados
    unitofsoundnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBellDecibel
    ThedensitySmokeismeasuredontheRngelmannscale
    UnitofelectromotiveforceinVolt.
    PowerismeasuredinWatts(w).
    ResistancewasdiscoveredbyGirgeOhmin1826,andismeasuredinohms.
    Electricitydoesnotflowthroughacircuitbyitself.Itneedsapush,orenergy,tokeepitmoving.Wecall
    thisenergythevoltageofthecircuit.Voltageismeasuredinvolts(v).
    TheGermanscientistGeorgeOhm(17871854)isbestrememberedforworkingoutohmslaw.He
    discoveredthattheyvoltageacrossaconductorsuchasatripofmetalorawireandthecurrentfollowing
    throughitalwaysvaryinthesameproportion.Soifyoudoublethevoltage,youdoublethecurrent.Thisis
    incrediblyusefulbecauseitletsyoupredictthecurrentyouwillgetforaparticularvoltage.
    ThethicknessofsilkismeasuredinwhatDenier
    Ohmslawdoesnotapplytosemiconductorsandconductorswhenthereischangeintemperature.
    Inourhousesweget220Va.c.Thevalueof220Vrepresentstheeffectivevoltage.
    Oneunitofelectricpowerisconsumedwhen10Aofcurrentflowsfor1hourat100V.1Unit=1kwhr=
    1000whr=100x10x1hr
    Ifthesamenoteisplayedonafluteandasitar,onecanstilldistirguishb/wthembecausetheydifferin
    quality.
    Anegativelychargedglassrodhasalwayslessprotonsthanelectrons.
    ThewavelengthoftheXraysisoftheorderof0.1nanometer.
    Red,greenandblueareknownasprimarycolours.Thesearecolourswhichcannotbeproducedby
    mixingwithothercolours.
    Scatteringoflight___thedurationoftheday(make)
    OilrisesinawickofoillamponaccountofapropertyofmattercalledCapillaryAction
    aprimarycellcan___bechargedagain(not)
    Whenapersoncanseenearerobjectsbutnotthedistantonesheissaidtobesufferingfrom:
    nearsightedness(myopia)
    ATPisamoleculecontaininghighenergybonds.
    Anexampleofinorganiccompoundiscarbonmonoxide.
    Thetimeperiodofapendulumonmoonincreases.
    ClinicalthermometerusuallymeasuresinFahrenheit.
    Tubelightemitsradiationevenafteritisdisconnected.ItisduetoFluorescence.
    ShortsightednesscanbecorrectedwiththeuseofConcave.
    RectifierconvertsACintoDC
    AtomicweightofchemicalcompoundsisdeterminedbyMassspectroscopy.
    Atomicpileisaplacewherenuclearfissionismade.
    DrinkersapparatusisformeasuringtheamountofAlcoholintheblood.
    Dewarsflaskiscalledasthermos.

    Theconversionofgasesintoliquidunderhighpressureandlowtemperatureiscalledregulation.
    Ifagreenleafisseeninaredlightitscolorwillbeblack.
    EmergeofVIBGYORfromonesideoftheprismisduetorefractionanddispersionoflight.
    Oxidationistheprocessinwhichelectronislost.
    Halftimeisatimeofradioactivesubstancetakenbythatsubstancetodecomposeradioactivitytohalfof
    itsweight.
    LightenergyisstoredintheformofchemicalenergyduetotheactivityofChloroplast.
    Sunlightiscomposedofsevencolours
    OilrisesinawickofoillamponaccountofapropertyofmattercalledCapillaryAction
    WhatisaFataMorganaTypeofMirage

    Freontrademarkforanyofanumberofchemicalcompoundscontainingfluorine,andoftenchlorineor
    bromine.Use:assolvents,asaerosolpropellants,inrefrigeration.Itiscommonlyusedinrefrigerator.

    UNIVERSE
    CheronisthemoonofPluto
    Totalnumberofsatellitesare31(chk:50)
    BluecolorofskyisduetoTyndalEffect
    Oursolarsystemcontains50satelites
    Totalplanetsinsolarsystemare8
    Distanceofsunfromearthis150millionkm=1a.u(angstromunit)
    Moonfromearthis385,000km
    Outersurfaceofsumiscalledphotosphere
    Sunhas90%hydrogen,8%heliumand2%otherelements.
    Temperatureatsurfaceofsunis6000Kandatitscenter20millionK
    Venusreflectshighestpercentageoflight
    MorningstariscalledtoVenus.
    Venusistheonlyplanetthatrotatesclockwise
    RheaisthefifthnaturalsatelliteofSaturn.
    Speedofearthinorbitaroundsunis8.5milespersecond.
    TheonlyplanetwhichrotatesonitsaxisfromEasttoWestisUranus
    Uranusiscalledlopsidedplanet
    UranuscontainatmosphereofHydrogenandHelium
    Periodofrotationofearthonaxisis1dayor23hrs,56minutes&4.09seconds.
    PeriodofrevolutionofEartharoundSunis356days,6hrs,9minutes&9.54seconds.
    VolumeofEarthis260billioncubicmiles.
    Weightofearthis658610power18tons
    RingsofSaturnwerediscoveredbyGalileoin1610
    Titan,thelargestmooninsolarsystemisofSaturn
    TritonisasatelliteofNeptune
    PlanetreferredasMorningStarandEveningStarisVenus
    Venusatmosphereis90timesthickerthanearths.
    ThetemperatureofVenussurfaceisabout430deg:C
    BiggestCometknowntomaniskohoutek
    OnlyplanetwhosedayislongerthanitsyearisVenus
    BrightestvisiblestarisSirus
    StarnearesttoearthisSun
    Atmosphereofsunhas3layers
    Sunspotsarethecoolerareasofsun
    In28daysmoonreturnstothesamepositioninitsorbit
    Thelightcomingfromstarsgivetheideaoftheirtemperature.
    Alightyearisequalto9.46trillionkm
    Sunradiatedenergyequalto10trillionofTNTexplosion
    Mercuryisnearesttothesun,smallestandfastestplanet,withshortestrotationtime.Moon=0
    Venusisthebrightest,hottest,closesttoearthandearthstwininsizeandmass,haslargestquantityof
    CO2Moon=0
    Earthismostdense,watery,biosplanet.Moon=1
    Thisisaninstrumentusedformeasuringthealtitudeofacelestialbody:sextant
    Marsmoon=2PhobosandDeimos
    MarsisnamedaftertheRomangodofwar.
    MarsiscalledRedplanet
    Marsishalfthesizeofearth
    EuropaisamoonofMars(chk
    Marscontainatmosphereofcarbondioxide
    Jupiterislargest,withlargestnumberofsatellites,smallestday,witharedspot.Moon=63
    Jupiteris11(or10)timeslargerthanearth
    EuropaisthemoonofJupiter.
    CHIIRONisthelargescometintheuniverse.
    Solareclipseoccursatnewmoon
    Sunis400timeslargerthanmoon
    Lunareclipseoccursatfullmoon.
    Halosaroundthemoonareformedbecauseofthephenomenonof___(opticalphenomena)

    Jupiteristhefastestplanetofthesolarsystem
    TheAsteroidBeltisfoundbetweenwhichofthefollowingplanets?MarsandJupiter
    ThevisiblepartoftheSuniscalledPhotosphere
    CoronaistheoutermosthalooftheSun.
    MercuryandVenusarewithoutSatellites.
    ThelargestcrateronthesurfaceofmooniscalledtoBailly.
    Theearthiscalculatedtob4540millionyearsold.
    Ashootingstarisameteor.
    At7050kmperhour,Sunrotateonitsaxis.
    510millionsquarekilometersisthetotalsurfaceareaoftheearth.
    ThenorthernpolarlightsarecalledAuroraeBorealis,andsouthernpolarlightsarecalledAurorae
    Australis.
    Thepulsatinguniversetheoryexplainstheevolutionofuniverse.
    760miles/hristhespeedofsound.
    1480,00,000kmisthedistancefromsuntoearth.
    TemperatureofSunis6000degreeC.

    Saturnisleastdensemoon=56
    Saturnisthesecondlargestplanet.
    PlanetwithmaximumnumberofmoonsisSaturn
    PlanetwithringisSaturn
    Uranusmoon=12,Uranusgivesgreenishglow
    Neptuneisthecoldest,slowest,largestyearmoon=8
    RankofearthaspersizeisFifth
    Revolutionperiodofearthis365.25days
    Inaleapyearthereare29daysinFebrary
    Earthisolderthanmoon
    Sunlighttakes8.3mintoreachearthor510seconds
    Timerequiredtomoonlighttoreachearthis1.3seconds
    Lightcancircleearth7timesina________.
    Sunis109timesbiggerthanearth.
    Lighttravelsfastestinvaccum
    Rheaisthefifthnaturalsatelliteofsaturn
    Coldest,smallestandfarthestplanetNeptune
    Asteroidsaresmallplanetsrevolvingroundthesun
    Sunisthebrighteststarintheuniverse
    Ashootingstariscalledameteor
    OurgalaxyisspiralknownasMilkyWay
    Shapeofourmilkywayisspiral
    Themilkywayextendsthroughthedistanceof10power5lightyears
    SuperNovaisadyingstar
    NearestspiralgalaxytoMilkyWayisAndromedagalaxy
    NeareststarttooursunisAlphaCentauri
    BiggeststarinourgalaxyisProximaCentauri
    Acollectionofgalaxiesiscalledcluster
    .moonis81timeslighterthanearth
    Moonhas7%reflectionascomparedtoearth(i.epoorreflection)
    Moonhas1/6thgravitationasthatofearth
    Moons59%surfaceisvisiblefromearth
    Massofmoonis1/8thtothatoftheearth
    Moonhasnoatmosphere
    SunisclosertoearthinJanuary
    Atperihelion,earthisnearesttosun
    Earthsaxisisinclinedatanangleof66deg:totheplaneofitsorbitaroundthesunortheaxisis
    inclinedat23deg:fromthevertical
    Soroscycleisthelargestintervalbetweentwototalsolareclipsesabout18years
    Sunhas27dayrotationperiod
    MoonsrotationperiodisequaltotheEarths
    Rotationperiodofearthis23hrs,56min,4sec
    EarthrotatesaroundonaxispointingtowardsthePolarStar
    Revolutionperiodis365days=365.25days,isaddedforleapyear
    Durationofdayatpolesis6months.
    Equinoxmeansequaldaysandnights
    SunsenergyiscalledInsulation
    ThevisibleyellowfaceofsuniscalledPhotosphere
    Thegravityofsunis28timesgreaterthanthatofearth
    Mooncompletes13circlesinayeararoundearth
    Sunis13x10power5timeslargerthanearth
    Maximumdurationofsolareclipseis7min40sec
    SunreachesitsmaximumangulardistancefromEquatoratSolistice
    MillionsofasteroidsorbitthesunintheasteroidbeltbetweenMarsandJupiter
    Asteroids(minorplanets)aremakeofrock,metaloramixtureofboth.
    FirstasteroiddiscoveredwasCeresbyItalianastronomerGuiseppePiazziin1801.
    Ceresisthelargestasteroid
    ChironisoneofseveraldistantasteroidswhichorbitbetweenJupiterandUranus
    ThelargestcrateronthesurfaceofmooniscalledtoBailly.
    CoronaistheoutermosthalooftheSun.
    Cometismadeoficeanddust
    EdmondHalleywasthefirsttocalculatethepathofacometandpredictwhenitwouldbeseenagain.
    Halleyscometwasnamedinhishonorthoughhedidnotdiscoverit.
    Thepatternsinstarsarecalledconstellations.
    In1930,astronomersfinallyagreedhowtodividethewholeskyinto88areas,whicharecalled
    constellations.
    CloseststarisGienah
    Speedoflightis3,00,000km/sec
    WhichplanetisnamedaftertheRomangodofwar?Mars
    Galaxiesarethefamiliesofstars.
    About80%ofgalaxiesareellipticalandotherarespiral
    Ellipticalgalaxiescontainverylittlegasanddustandhardlyanynewstarsareborninthem.
    Spiralgalaxiesarediskshapedandusuallyhavecloudsofdustandgaswherenewstarsareborn.
    Lighttravelsat3,00,000km/s.thespeedatwhichyoucanroundtheworldseventimesinverysecond.
    Lighttakes8minutestoreachtheearthfromsun.
    Inspacelighttravels9461millionmillionkminayear.Astronomerscallthisdistancealightyear.
    TwoplanetEarthscouldfitsidebysideinsidetheGreatRedSpotofJupiter.
    JupitersvolcanicmooniscalledIOandothermoonsareEuropa,GanymedeandCallisto.
    Ganymedeisthelargestmooninthesolarsystem.
    EuropaisthemoonofJupiter
    Themoonhasnoatmospherebecauseitsgravitationalpullisnotstrongenoughtoholdanatmosphere
    Chondritemeteoritesaretheoldestrocksinthesolarsystem.
    Venusistheonlyplanetthatrotatesclockwise.
    GalileoSatellites,namedaftertheirdiscoverer,arefourlargemoonsoftheplanet
    MarscontainatmosphereofCarbondioxideandUranuscontainatmosphereofHydrogenandHelium.
    VenusisaboutthesamesizeasEarth.
    Venussatmosphereis90timesthickerthanour.IttrapssowellthatthetemperatureofVenusssurfaceis
    about430degreecentigrade.
    Closeststaris(Gienah)680,000million,million,kilometers.
    NicolousCopernicus(14731543)wasborninPoland.Hewasthefirsttoexplainthesolarsystem.
    ChironisoneofseveraldistantasteroidswithorbitsbetweenJupiterandUranus.
    IntheSolarsystemthereare2MountOlympussGreeceandwhereMars
    WhatisthebrighteststaralwaysintheNorthernskyVega
    ThemostcommonelementintheuniverseisNitrogen.
    Hydraisthelargestofthe88constellationsfoundintheuniverse.Itcoversabout3.16%oftheentiresky.
    TheMclasssupergiantBetelgeasewithadiametreof700millionkmsisthelargeststaroftheuniverse.It
    isabout500timesgreaterthanthesun.
    WhatisthecommonnameforthestarSirius:DogStar
    Pluto(thePlanet)wasalmostcalledwhatnameZeus
    WhenasatelliteisclosesttoEarthitspositioniscalledwhatPerigee
    30km/sistheapproximatemeanvelocitywithwhichearthmovesroundtheSuninitsorbit.
    Theearthsreflectivityofsolarradiationistermedasalbedo.
    JosephvonFraunhoferwasthefirsttoexplainthepresenceofdarklinesinthesunsspectrum.
    Lightofsunreachestheearthin..499seconds
    HaleBoppcometwasthemostdistantcometeverdiscoveredwhichbecamevisibleinDecember,1996.
    WhatisthenameofthelargestmoonofJupiterGanymede
    M31isthenearestgalaxytouswhatisitsothernameAndromeda
    Theearthisthedensestplanetofuniverse.Ithasdensityof5.515timethatofwater.
    Halosaroundthemoonareformedbecauseofthephenomenonof___(opticalphenomena)
    WhatisuniqueaboutthepistolstarBrightestinsky
    NamethefirstteddybearinspaceMishka1980Olympicmascot
    WhatcelestialbodygetsitsnamefromtheGreeklonghairedComet
    WhatsunusualaboutthemoonsofUranusNamedShakespearecharacters
    ADVENTURESINSPACE
    FirstartificialsatellitewasSputnikIsentbySovietUniononOctober4,1957
    SputnikIIonNovember3,1957tookafemaledogLaikaintospace
    OnJuly20,1969USApollo11toucheddownthemoon
    Skylabwaslaunchedin1973byUS.
    WhatcountrylauncheditsfirstspacerocketJanuary1961Italy
    WhathappenedtoLaikafirstdoginspaceSuffocatednoairburnedreentry
    ARussianspaceprogramsnamemeantEastwhatwasitVostok
    WhatwasthefirstmanmadeobjecttoleavethesolarsystemPioneer10
    VoyagerI,spacecraftintroducedringsystemofJupiter.

    Escapevelocityis24800miles/houror7miles/sec
    FirsthumaninspaceisYuriGagrin1961onUSSR
    Appolocrewreturnedtoearthwith382kgofmoonsoil
    FirstspacescientistwasHenryQuendish
    Manenteredinspaceon14October1957
    FirstAmericanshuttletolandonmoonnamedBaminiinMarch,1966
    FirstwomaninspacewasValentineKhurachoofin14June,1963
    Americalauncheditsfirstspacestationin1973
    In1979SkyLabwasdestroyedinearthsatmosphere
    In1986,RussialauncheditsspacestationMir
    HubbletelescopelaunchedinApril243,1990throughDiscoveryShuttle
    ApolloXIenabledmantosteponmoon
    RussiancosmonautValeryPolyakovholdstherecordforthelongeststayinspace.Hespent437daysin
    orbitintheMirSpaceStation.
    ThefirstAmericanAstronauttogointospacewasAllenShepherd.
    FirstspacevehicletolandonmoonwasLuna9
    VoyagerI,spacecraftintroducedringsystemofJupiter.
    Pioneer10and11launchedin1973and1974,voyager1&2in1979andGalileoin1995weremissions
    senttoJupiter
    Astronomersknowofover50moonsorbitingJupiter.
    VostokIcarriedfirstmaninspace.
    Telstar,theworldsfirstcommunicationsatellitewaslaunchedin1962.
    Mercuryproject,firstmannedspaceprogrammeofUSA,carriedthefirstAmericanintospaceon5thMay
    1961.
    SputnikII,firstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedon3Nov:1957.
    LovelltelescopeisatJodrellBank(Siteforspaceobservatory).
    YuriGagarin(Russia)cosmonautsbecamefirsttravelerinspacein1961.
    ThefirstAmericanAstronauttogointospacewasAllenShepherd
    RussianCosmonautvalleypolyakovholdstherecordforthelongeststayinspace.Hespent437daysin
    orbitintheMirSpaceStation.
    WhatwasthefirstfoodconsumedonthemooninApollo11Turkey
    Thefirstpersontoorbittheearthinspace.JohnGlenn
    ColumbiaSpaceshuttlebrokeuponreentrytoEarthonFeb1,2003.
    Skylabwasspacelaboratorylaunchedin1973byUSA.
    FirstwomeninspaceValentineTereshkovewentintospaceinVostoc6on16June1963.
    OnJuly20,1969,NeilArmstrongandEdwinAldrenlandedonthemoon.
    GeostationaryOrbitisataheightof36,000km.
    PathfinderisrobotcraftthatlandedonMarsin1997.

    VARIOUSSCIENCES
    Taxidermymeansstuffingdeadanimals
    Stenographymeansshorthandwriting
    Psoriasisisalearningdisability
    Paleontologyisstudyoffossils.
    Hematologyisthestudyofblood.
    Studyofearthisgeology
    Acousticsisthescienceofsound
    Cytologyisthestudyofcell
    Entomologyisthestudyofinsects.
    Apicultureisscienceofbeekeeping
    Ornithologyisthescienceofbirds
    Philologyisthescienceoflanguages
    Oncologyisthestudyofcancer
    Exobiologyisthestudyoflifeinouterspace
    Numismaticsisthestudyofcoins
    EugenicsisthestudyofalteringhumansbychangingtheirgenesoritreferstoImprovementofhuman
    race
    Ethologyisthestudyofanimalbehavior
    Anthropologyisthestudyoforiginandphysicalandculturaldevelopmentofmankind
    Carpologyisthestudyoffruitsandseeds.
    Pathologydealswithdiseases
    Histologydealswithorganictissues
    Pedologyisthestudyofsoil
    Cryogenicsdealswiththeproduction,controlandapplicationoflowtemperatures
    Seismologyisstudyofmovementsinsideearthscrust
    Ambidextrousisonewhocanwritewithbothhands.
    Astrophysicsisabranchofastronomywhichdealswiththephysicalandchemicalnatureofheavenly
    bodies.
    .Aetiologyisthestudyofcausesofdisease.
    Conchologyisthestudyofshells.
    Cryptologyisthestudyofcodes.
    Dendrologyisthestudyoftrees.
    Ergonomicsisthestudyofrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandtheirworkingenvironment.
    Graphologyisthestudyofhandwriting.
    Ichthyologyinthestudyoffish.
    Psychologicalstudyoflifeinartificialenvironmentiscalledbiopsy.
    FormsandfeaturesarestudiesunderthebranchofMarphology.
    Paleontologyisthestudyoffossils.
    PhycologyisthestudyofAlgae.
    Mycologyisthestudyoffungi.
    TheartofcompilingdictionaryiscalledLexicography.
    Anthropologyisthestudyofman.
    Cartographyistheartofmakingmapsandcharts.
    Philatelyishobbyofstampcollecting.
    Thebranchofzoology,whichdealswiththestudyofinsectsiscalledentomology
    TheproductionofgenerallyidenticalreproductioniscalledasCloning
    ApetrologiststudieswhatRockshistoryformationetc
    AnonomasticianstudieswhatNames
    ThanatologyisthestudyofwhatDeath
    ThestudyofhumanpopulationiscalledDemography.
    WhatdoesanotologiststudyTheearanditsdiseases
    NoologistsstudywhatTheMind
    SemiologyisthestudyofwhatSignals
    WhatissilvicultureForestry
    WhatisXylographyWoodEngraving
    Paleontologyisthescienceofhistoryoflife.
    Meteorologyisthestudyofstudyofweather.
    Cryptographyisthestudywhichdealswiththesecretwriting.
    Hydroponicsmeanscultivationoftheplantswithoutuseofsoil.
    Hyetologyisthestudyofrainfall.
    Mycologyisthestudyoffungusandfungidiseases.
    Numismaticsisthestudyofcoins.
    Petrologyisthestudyofrocksintheearthscrust.
    Amniocentesisisamethodfordeterminationoffoetalsex.
    WhatisSteganography:Invisibleinkwriting
    IchthyologistsstudywhatFish
    Whatdoesapsephologiststudy:VotingElections
    WhatisstudiedinAerologyPlanetMars
    WhatdoesaphilologiststudyLanguages
    OrthoepyisthestudyofwhatWordpronunciation
    AphilomathhasaloveofwhatLearning
    WhatisanidologistinterestedinBirdsnests
    WhatisphilographyAutographcollecting
    Agronomyisthescienceofsoilmanagement.
    Penologyisthestudy,theoryandpracticeofprisonmanagement&criminalrehabilitation.
    ChemicalpreservationofdeadorganismsinliquidiscalledCryoBilogy.
    OrthoepyisthestudyofwhatWordpronunciation
    WhatdoesaphilologiststudyLanguages
    Chlamadomonasisunicellularplant

    VARIOUSPROCESSES
    Chemicalunionoftwoormoremoleculesofthecompoundtoformlargermoleculesiscalled
    Polymerization.
    Theprocessbywhichplantstakefoodisphotosynthesis
    Reductionistheremovalofoxygenatoms
    Oxidationisthecombinationofoxygenorremovalofhydrogen
    Horticultureisthecultivationofflowers,fruitsandvegetable
    Pastevurizationistheprotectionoffoodbyheating
    MethodofpreparationofwarnishwasdiscoveredbyJabirbinHayaan
    Iftemperaturerisesgraduallyupto40deg:C,therateofphotosynthesismaystopaltogether

    VITAMINS
    DeficiencyofvitaminAcausesdrynessofskinandnightblindness
    SkinfoodisVitaminC
    VitaminCisalsocalledAscorbicAciditpreventsscurvy
    VitaminCisalsonecessaryforutilizationofiron
    ThefoodwhichcontainslargestamountofVitaminCistomato
    CodliveroilcontainsVitaminD
    Collagenisthesubstancethatgiveselasticitytoskin
    VitaminEpromotesoxygenationandactsasantiaging
    Carbondioxidewereleasecomesfromfoodweeat
    VitaminB2haswhatothernameRiboflavin
    Fatsaremadeofcarbon,hydrogenandoxygen
    VitaminEiscalledantiagingagent
    VitaminEhelpsinfertilityprocess
    VitaminBhelpsmaintainnormalappetiteandgooddigestion
    ProteinfoundinmilkisCasein,inbeansisLegumes,inmeatismyosinandineggsisalbumin
    WatersolublevitaminareBandCandallotherarefatsoluble
    VitaminAisstoredasEsterinliver
    VitaminAisfoundincarotenebearingplants
    VitaminKhelpstoformprothrobin(fibrogin)oneoftheenzymeshelpfulinbloodclotting
    VitaminEisnecessaryforironutilizationnormalreproductivefunction.VitaminEisforreproduction.
    VitaminAisfoundinDairyproducts
    DeficiencyofVitaminAcausesNightblindness.
    ToomuchpresenceofthePotassiumsaltinhumanbloodincreasetheriskofheartattack.
    ThelackofcalciuminthedietcauseswhatconditionRickets
    Cellulosesarecarbohydrates.
    Milkcontainslactose.
    VitaminCisapreventorofinfectiousdisease
    VitaminCisalsocalledSkinfood
    VitaminCcaneasilybelostincookingandfoodstorage
    VitaminDisessentialforcalciummetabolism.
    VitaminChastenshealingofwounds
    VitamincapableofformationofbloodisB12
    RichessourceofVitaminDiscodeliveroil
    RichessourceofVitaminAiseggs
    DeficiencyofCalciumleadstorickets
    VitaminB1isavailableisyeast.
    Scury,arisingduetodeficiencyofvitaminC,itisrelatedtoGastrointestinaldisorder.
    Sodiumisnecessaryofnervoussystem.
    VitaminDisessentialforcalciummetabolism.
    CheesecontainsvitaminD.
    VitaminCcannotbestoredinhumanbody.
    Scurvy,arisingduetodeficiencyofvitaminC,itisrelatedtoGastrointestinaldisorder.
    Sodiumisnecessaryofnervoussystem.
    Groundnuthasmaximumprotein
    DigestionoffatinintestineisaidedbyEmulsification
    Hair,fingernails,hoofs,etcareallmakeofprotein
    Deficiencyofsodiumandpotassiumcausesmuscularcramps,headacheanddiahrae
    Milkcontains80%water
    Milkisacompletefood.
    CheesecontainsvitaminD.
    VitaminEisforreproduction.
    DeficiencyofThiaminecausesBeriBeri.
    Glucoseisthesourceofenergyforhumanbrain.
    MajorcomponentofhoneyisGlucose
    Threemainfoodnutrientsarecarbohydrates,proteinandfats.Otherarevitaminsandminerals
    Meatisrichinironweneedtomakebloodcells
    Eatingofcoconutincreasesmansmentalfaculties
    Foodpoisoningcanresultfromtheeatingoftoomuchtoadstools.
    VitamincisalsoknownasAscorbicAcid.
    Cellulosesarecarbohydrates.
    Milkcontainslactose
    Ascorbicacidisessentialfortheformationofbonesandteeth.
    Citricacidisagoodsubstitutionforascorbicacidinournutrition.
    AguavacontainsmorevitaminCthananorange
    Vitaminnotstoredinhumanbody..C

    SCIENTISTS
    IbnbaitarwasaBotanist
    KitabalManazaronopticalworkswaswrittenbyIbnalHaitham
    MamoonobservatorywasestablishedduringthereignofCaliphMamoon
    CirculationofbloodwasdescribedbyamuslimscientistnameNafisAbdulalHasan.
    AlKhwarizimiwasfirstpersonwhousedzero.
    MuslimscientistAlialTabariisfamousforhisworkon___(medicalsciences)
    AlBerunidiscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
    NOBLEPRIZE
    Astronomerscannotbenominatedfornobleprize
    MariecurietwicewonNoblePrize.
    FirstNobelPrizeswereawardedon10Dec:1901.
    WhatcountryawardstheNobelpeaceprizeNorway
    WhowontheNobelPeacePrizein1972Nobody
    WhorefusedtheNobelLiteratureprizein1958BorisPasternak
    WhowasthefirstAmericantoreceivetheNobelLiteratureprizeSinclairLewis
    WhichNobelPrizeisnotawardedannuallyinStockholmPeace
    MotherTeresawasawardedNobelPrizeinthefieldofpeace.
    TheNewYorkTimesreceivedfivePulitzerprizesof2009forinvestigative,breakingnewsandinternational
    reporting,featurephotographyandcriticism.
    AnotedIndianwildlifebiologist,DrM.D.Madhusudan,DirectorofNatureConservationFoundation
    FourpersonshavebeenawardedNobelPrizetwice.
    VantHoffwasthefirstNobelLaureateinChemistry.
    WoleSoyinkaisaNobelPrizewinnerforliterature.HeisfromNigeria.
    WhichfieldwasnotincludedbyAlfredNobeloriginallyEconomics
    Persongettingthenobelpeaceprizein2008wasofthecountry.Finland
    AlfredNobelwasborninStockholm,Sweden,morethan150yearsago.Inwhatyearwasheborn?Alfred
    Nobelwasbornin1833
    WhatdidAlfredsfather,Immanuel,doforaliving?Alfredsfatherwasanengineerandinventor.
    AlfredNobelnevermarried.
    AfutureNobelLaureateworkedforashortperiodoftimeasAlfredNobelssecretary.Who?Berthavon
    Suttner
    AlfredNobeldiedon10December1896,butnotinSweden,hishomecountry.Wheredidhedie?Alfred
    NobeldiedinSanRemo,Italy.
    WhydidAlfredNobelestablishaprizeinhiswill?AlfredNobelwantedtoawardthegreatestbenefitsto
    mankind.
    WhichNobelcategorydoesnotyethaveasinglefemalelaureate?Economics
    WhowonthefirstNobelPrizeinPhysics?Roentgen.
    WhichsinglewinnerwonthemostnumberofNobelPrizes?InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross.
    WhowasthefirstnonEuropeantowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature?RabindranathTagore
    MathematicsisnotavalidNobelPrizecategory.
    InwhatyeardidthemostpeopledeclinetheirNobelPrize?1939
    WhowastheonlypersontowintheNobelPrizetwiceinPeaceandChemistry?LinusPauling
    WhowastheonlypersontowintheNobelPrizetwiceinbothPhysicsandChemistry?MarieCurie
    Namethesixcategoriesforwhichtheprizesareawarded.Physics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,
    Literature,PeaceandEconomics.
    ForwhichcategorywasaNobelPrizegivenstarting1969?Economics.
    WhoawardsthePeacePrize?TheNorwegianNobelCommittee.
    MaxPlanckreceivedthenobleprizeinPhysicsin1918forhisdiscoveryof:energyquanta
    ClimatechangecampaignerAlGoreandtheUNsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehavebeen
    jointlyawardedtheNobelPeacePrize.
    RabindraNathTagorewasthefirstIndian/SouthAsiantowinNobelPrize.(Literaturein1931).
    FormerUSVicePresidentAlGorehaswonNoblePeacePrize2007forhiscampaignagainstGlobal
    Warming.
    MrGorewonanOscarforhisclimatechangefilmAnInconvenientTruth

    ThefirstnegrotobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrizewasRalphJohnsonBunche
    RabindarnathTagorewonfirstNobelPrizefromSouthAsia.
    ThefirstMuslimNobelLaureatewas:AnwarSadaatofEgypt
    NobelPrizeholderUNinstitutions..UNHCR,UAEA

    NATIONALEMBLEM
    NationalEmblemofBritainisRoseLion.
    NationalEmblemofBangladeshisWaterLily.
    NationalEmblemofChinaisNarcissus.
    NationalEmblemofEgyptisLotus.
    NationalEmblemofFranceisLily.
    NationalEmblemofIranisRose.
    NationalEmblemofKuwaitisFalcon.
    NationalEmblemofPakistanisCrescentJasmine.
    NationalEmblemofSyriaisEagle.
    NationalEmblemofSriLankaisLion.
    NationalEmblemofNetherlandsisLion.

    FAMOUSEPITHETS
    WhatcityisknownasTheworldschocolatecapital:HersheyPennsylvania
    WhichcountriesnametranslatesaslandofthefreeThailand

    ThecountryknownastheLandofThunderboltsisBhutan

    RomeisalsoknownasCityofSevenHills.
    PenangiscalledthePearlofEast.
    SandwichIslandiscalledtoHawaiiIsland.
    DetroitisknownastheMotorCity.
    BritainofsouthiscalledtoNewZealand.
    BufferstateofAsiaiscalledtoAfghanistan.
    CockpitofEuropeiscalledtoBelgium.
    CrossroadofWesternEuropeiscalledtoBelgium.
    EmeraldIslandiscalledtoIreland.
    FlowergardentoEuropeiscalledtoNetherlands.
    GiftofNileiscalledofEgypt.
    GreatBritainofthePacificiscalledtoJapan.
    IslandcontinentiscalledtoAustralia.
    HornofAfricaiscalledtoSomalia.
    KeytoMediterraneaniscalledtoGibraltar.
    LandofcontrastsiscalledtoColombia.
    LandoffreepeopleiscalledtoThailand.
    LandoffertilefieldsiscalledtoAlgeria.
    LandofgoldenfiberiscalledtoBangladesh.
    LandofmidnightsuniscalledtoNorway.
    LandofmilkandhoneyiscalledtoLebanon.
    LandofmorningcalmiscalledtoKorea.
    LandofmightyriversiscalledtoNigeria.
    LandofmountainiscalledtoNepal.
    LandofrisingsuniscalledtoJapan.
    LandofThousandIslandiscalledtoIndonesia.
    LandofpurepeopleiscalledtoPakistan.
    LandofwhiteelephantiscalledtoThailand.
    PillarsofHerculesiscalledtoGibraltar.
    PlaygroundofEuropeiscalledtoSwitzerland.
    RemnantofmightyempireiscalledtoAustria.
    SorrowofchinaiscalledtoHawangHoo.
    SwitzerlandofAfricaiscalledtoSwaziland.
    SiteofAncientCivilizationiscalledtoIraq.
    WhitemansGraveiscalledtoGuinea.
    BrasiliaofPakistaniscalledtoIslamabad.
    CityofanglesiscalledtoBangkok.
    CityofbazaarsiscalledtoCairo.
    CityofcollegesiscalledtoLahore.
    CityofconferenceiscalledtoGeneva.
    CityofcosmonautsiscalledtoMoscow.
    CityofeternalspringiscalledtoQuito.
    CityofgoldentempleiscalledtoAmritsar.
    CityofGoldenGateiscalledtoSanFrancisco.
    CityofmosquesiscalledtoDhaka.
    CityofparksiscalledtoKiev.
    CityofpalacesiscalledtoCalcutta.
    CityofpopeiscalledtoRome.
    CityofspaceflightsiscalledtoCapeKennedy.
    CityofpeaceiscalledtoBaghdad.
    ForbiddenCityiscalledtoLahaska.
    GatewaytotheeastiscalledtoBeirut.
    GatewaytothegulfiscalledtoAbuDhabi.
    GatewaytoIndiaiscalledtoBombay.
    GatewaytoPakistaniscalledtoKarachi.
    LittlePakistaniscalledtoBradford.
    ManchesterofPakistaniscalledtoFaisalabad.
    PyramidcityiscalledtoCairo.
    RosepinkcityiscalledtoJaipur.
    WindycityiscalledtoChicago.
    LusitanianisthealternativenameofPortugal.
    EmeraldIslandiscalledtoIreland.
    LandofProphetsiscalledtoPalestine.
    YellowRiverisknownasChinasSorrowbecauseofdevastatingfloods.
    GibraltarofthewestissaidtoQuebec.
    ZambiaisknownascountryofCopper
    AlbaniameanstheLandofEagles.
    ArgentianmeansLikeSilver.
    Bahrainmeanstwoseas.
    BrazilmeansRedwood.
    CostaRicameansRichcoast.
    CyprusmeansLandofcopper.
    GuuatnemalameanLandofEagles.
    JamaicameansGoodwater.
    KuwaitmeansFort.
    LiberiameansLandoffreepeople.
    Netherlandsmeanslowland.
    Nigeriameansagreatriver.
    SierraLeonemeansLionMountains.
    Singaporemeanscityoflions.
    SudanmeansLandofblackpeople.
    TurkeymeansLandofTurks.
    WhichcountryispopularlycalledTheLandoftheMapleLeaf?Canada
    MistressoftheEasternSeasisepithetreferredtoSriLanka.
    HongKongiscalledasPearloftheOrient.
    WhichworldscityisknownasTheGoldenCityPragueCzech
    WhatplacewasnicknamedThePearloftheOrientManillaPhilippines
    WhatcountriesnametranslatesaslionmountainsSierraLeone
    WhatplaceisnicknamedTheCityofLiliesFlorence
    MesopotamiameansBetweentwoRivers
    COUNTRIESWITHCAPITALS&Currencies
    COUNTRYCAPITALCURRENCY
    AfghanistanKabulAfghani
    AlgeriaAlgiers
    ArgentinaBuenosAires
    AustraliaCanberraAustralianDollar
    AustriaVienna
    AzerbaijanBaku
    BelgiumBrussels
    BhutanThimphu
    BosniaHerzegovinaSarajevo
    CanadaOttawa
    ChinaBeijingYuan
    CubaHavana
    CyprusNicosia
    DenmarkCopenhagenKrone
    EgyptCairoPound
    FranceParisFranc
    GorgiaTibillsi
    GermanyBerlinDeutscheMark
    GreeceAthens
    HungaryBudapest
    IndiaNewDelhiRupee
    IndonesiaJakartaRupiah
    IranTehranRiyal
    IraqBaghdadDinar
    IrelandDublin
    IsraelTelAvivShekel
    ItalyRomePesso
    JapanTokyoYen
    JordanOman
    KazakhastanAstana
    NorthKoreaPyongyang
    SouthKoreaSeoulwon
    KyrgyzstanBishkekSom
    LebanonBeirut
    LibyaTripoliDinal
    MalaysiaKualaLumpurRinggit
    MaldivesMale
    MoroccoRabat
    NepalKathmanduRupaia
    NetherlandsAmsterdamGuilder
    NewZealandWellington
    NigeriaAbuja
    NorwayOsloKrone
    PhillippinesManila
    PolandBudapest
    QatarDoha
    RussiaMoscowRuble
    SaudiArabiaRiyadhRiyal
    BulgariaSofia
    SingaporeSingaporeDollar
    SouthAfricaPretoriaandCapeTownRand
    SpainMadrid
    SriLankaColombo
    SudanKhartoum
    SwedenStockholmKrona
    SwitzerlandBern
    SyriaDamascusPound
    TaiwanTaipei
    TajikistanDushanbe
    ThailandBankok
    TurkeyIstanbulLira
    TurkmenistanAshgabad
    UkraineKiev
    UAEAbuDhabi
    UKLondon
    USWashingtonD.C
    UzbekistanTashkent
    VietnamHanoi
    YemenSanaa
    EritreaAsmara
    BangladeshDhakaTaka

    CHANGEDNAMES
    OldNameNewName
    PipriBinQasim.
    LyallapurFaisalabad.
    AbyssiniaEthiopia.
    BurmaMyanmar.
    CeylonSrilanka.
    DuchEastIndiesIndonesia.
    FrenchSudanMali.
    HelvetiaSwitzerland.
    MogyarzaqHungry.
    MesopotamiaIraq.
    NajdandHejazSaudiArabia.
    NewGrandaColombia.
    NipponJapan.
    PersiaIran.
    SiamThailand.
    SouthRhodesiaZimbabwe.
    SouthWestAfricaNamibia.
    SovietUnionRussianFederation.
    TurkmeniaTurkmenistan.
    UpperVoltaBurkinaFaso.
    UrumdiBrumdi.
    ConstantinopleIstanbul.
    ChristianaOslo.
    FormosaTaiwan.
    GreenlandKalaalletNunaat.
    HollandNetherlands.
    CombodiaKampuchea.
    KrugnThepBangkok.
    LeningardSt.Petersburg.
    MontgomerySahiwal.
    BurmaMyanmar.
    PeikingBeijing.
    PersiaIran.
    RhodesiaZimbabwe.
    SalisburyHarare.
    TripoliLibya.
    MadrasChennai.
    EdoTokyo.
    TemasekSingapore.
    StalinabadDushanbe.
    UnitedArabRepublicEgypt.
    JabaliTariqGibraltar
    EquatorialAfricaChad
    RayIsfahan
    PataliputraPatna
    SankiangXinjiang
    OldnameofTamilNaduisMadrasState.
    TheearliernameofNewYorkcitywasNewAmsterdam
    Priortoindependence,GhanawascalledGoldCoast.
    AfghanistanwasknownasAriana.
    ThenewnameofYalamlamisAsSadiya.
    ThenameofMesopotamiawaschangestoIraqintheyear1935.
    TheearliernameofNewYorkcitywasNewAmsterdam

    IMPORTANTORGANISATIONS&PACTS
    NameFoundedMemberHeadquarter
    ADB1986Philippines
    ArabLeague194522Cairo
    ASEANAug8,19679Jakarta,foundedatBangkok.
    COMECON1948Havana.
    ColomboPlan1stJuly1951Colombo(Srilanka)
    CommonWealth193153London.
    CouncilofEurope194934Strasbourg.
    CISJan199112
    D815June1997FoundedatTurkey,HQTurkey.
    ECOJan19858Tehran.
    GCC19816Riyadh
    ICJ1951Geneva.
    ICRC1883Geneva.
    Interpol1956Lyon(France)
    NAM1961
    OIC22to25Sep196956JeddahestablishedinRabat(Morocco).
    SAARC8,198578KatmanduestablishedatDhaka.
    NATO1949Brussels.
    SEATOSep8,1954founderatManila,endedin1977.
    UNO24Oct1945NewYork.
    WarsawPact14thMay1955.Dissolvedin1991.
    TermofnonpermanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncilis2years.
    GeneralAssemblyandSecurityCouncilappointsthejudgesofInternationalCourtofJustice.
    RCDwaschangedtoECOinJan1985.
    G8wasestablishedon22September1985.G8wasoriginallytheG5butwasexpandedwhenCanada,
    ItalyandRussiajointedinJune1997.
    EuropeanUnioncameintobeingonJanuary1,2000,EUadoptedEurocurrencyin2001.Itsheadquarter
    isinBrussels(Belgium).
    InternationalEnergyAgencywasfoundedin1974itsheadquarterisinParis(France).
    InternationalOlympicCommitteewasformedin1984itsheadquarterisinLausanne(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofinternationalRedCrossandRedCrescentisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    OrganizationofPetroleumandExportingCountrieswasfoundedinBaghdadin1960itsheadquarterisin
    Vienna(Austria).
    TheorganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentwasfoundedin1961itsheadquarterisin
    Paris(France).
    Theworldcouncilofchurcheswasestablishedin1948inAmsterdam(Netherlands),itsheadquarterisin
    Geneva(Switzerland).
    NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement,itsoriginliesinthefreetradeagreementsignedbytheUSAand
    Canadain1989.
    TheorganizationofAfricanUnitywasfoundedin1963itsheadquarterisinAddisAbaba(Ethiopia).
    TheorganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountrieswasfoundedin1968,itsheadquarterisinCairo
    (Egypt).
    OrganizationofAmericanStatewasfoundedin1948itsheatquarterisinWashingtonDC(USA).
    Thereare76countriesinWTO.
    ChinabecamethememberoftheWorldTradeOrganizationon11December2001
    OPANALstandsforAgencyfortheProhibitionofNuclearWeaponsinLatinAmerica.
    OPANALwasformedon2ndDecember,1969,itsheadquarterisinMexicoCity.
    OECSstandsofOrganizationofEasternCaribbeanStates,establishedon18thJune,1981.
    TheheadquarterofOECSisinCasries(St.Lucia).
    UNhas6principleorgans.
    SecurityCouncilhas5permanentmembers.
    TheEconomicandSocialCouncilactsascoordinatingbodyforthenumerousspecializedagencies
    createdbytheUN.Thecouncilhas54memberselectedforthetermof3years.
    Theinternationalcourtofjusticecomprises15judges.
    TheIBRDwasestablishedin27thDec1945.
    SteelPactwassignedbetweenItalyandGermanyon22ndMay1939atBerlin.
    CampDavidAccordmadebetweenEgyptandIsraelon17Sep1978.
    Locarnopactsignedon16thOctober,1925,signedatLocarno.
    FourPowerPactwassignedon16thJuly,1933atParis.
    CENTOwassignedon24thFeb,1955inBaghdad.
    BalkanPactwassignedon9thFeb,1934.
    EisenhowerDoctrinewasannouncedin1957.
    EntenteCordialewasformedinApril1904,theagreementwassignedbetweenEnglandandFrance.
    DawesPlanwasintroducedin1924.
    CTBTopenedforsignaturefromSep24,1996.
    KELLOGGBriandpactwassignedby15stateson27thAugust,1928,itwassignedinParis.
    RioSummitwasheldinRiodeJaneroon14th1992.
    Accordingtotheyoungplan(1929)announcedafterthefirstworldwarGermanywasrequiredtopay100
    milliondollarsininstallments.
    UNsresolution1441aboutIraqwaspassedinNov2002.
    AmnestyInternationalisaninternationalorganizationwhichworksforthereleaseofthepoliticalprisoners.
    ItwasestablishedbypeterBomensonintheyearof1961.
    In1941theAtlanticCharterwassignedbyChurchillandRoosevelt.
    TrumanDoctrineannouncedon12March1947aboutthesecurityofGreeceandTurkey.
    USSRanditsalliessignedWarsawpactintheyear1955.
    ThefamousDumbartonOaksconference,whichformulatedproposalsaboutUNcharter,washeldinDec
    1944.
    On14thAugust1941,USpresidentF.DRooseveltandBritishPremierW.ChurchillsignedtheAtlantic
    Charteronabattleship.
    VerailliesTreatywassignedin1919.
    BostanTeapartytoolplacein1773.
    ThecivilrightactwhichwaspassedinUSAin1964wastheresultoftheMarchof250000people
    organizedbyMartinLutherkingin1963.
    ThefamousXYZaffairtoolplacewhenanAmericandelegationvisitedEngland.
    Potsdamconferencewasheldin1945.
    MamoonAbdulGavvum(PMofMaldives)saidSAARCisabrainchild.
    NapoleanI,firstpersontocallEnglishanationofshopkeepers.
    Geniusisonepercentinspirationand99percentperspirationthesewordsaresaidbyThomasA.Edison.
    Hippocratessaidthatextremeremediesaremostappropriateforextremedisease.
    Archimedessaidthatgivemebutonefirmspotonwhichtostand,andIwillmovetheearth.
    Leonardodavinciobservedthateverymanatthreeyearsoldishalfhisheight.
    DarseNinamiawasintroducedinIndoPakbyMullaMizamUdDin.
    Interpolwasfoundedin1923inwhatcityVienna
    TheAsiandevelopmentbankestablishedin1966withheadquarterlocatedatMANILA(philipines).
    Eqypt,Iraq,jorden,Lebanon,SaudiArab,SyriaandYemenarethefoundernationsofthearableague.
    Asiandevelopmentbankwasestablishedin1966withheadquarterlocatedatmanila(philipine)
    TheInternationalcourtofJusticeislocatedinHague,Holland
    WHOisnottheprincipalorganoftheUnitedNations.
    DeclarationofHumanRightswasadoptedonDec:10,1948.
    GreenPeacehasnoformalstructureandSecretariat.
    WhowerethethreestatesmenwhoformulatedNonAlignedMovement(NAM):Nehru,Nasser,Tito
    internationalheadquarterofTransparencyInternational(TI}
    islocatedinBerlin,Germany.ThefounderoftheorganisationisPeterEigen
    ThepermanentSecretariatofSAARCisestablishedat:Khatmandu
    HowmanyofficialworkinglanguagesarerecognizedbyUNO:6
    WhowasthefirstAsianSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNations?U.Thant
    BadenPowelwasthefounderofBoyScoutandCivilGuidesMovement.
    CISare11independentstatesoftheformerSovietUnionknownasCommonwealthofIndependent
    States.

    HEADQUARTERSOFWORLDORGANISATIONS
    TheheadquarterofFoodandAgricultureOrganizationisinRome(Italy).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalAtomicEnergyAgencyisinVienna(Austria).
    ThehealquarterofInternationalCivilAviationOrganizationisinMontral(Canada).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentisinRome(Italy).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalLaborOrganizationisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalMonetaryFundisinWashington(USA).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalMaritimeOrganizationisinLondon(UK).
    TheheadquarterofInternationalTelecommunicationUnionisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)isinParis(France).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationisinVienna(Austria).
    TheheadquarterofUniversalPostalUnionisinBerne(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofWorldHealthOrganizationisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofWorldBankorIBRDisinWashington(USA).
    TheheadquarterofWorldTradeOrganizationisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationDevelopmentProgramisinNewYork(USA).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesisinGeneva(Switzerland).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationsInternationalChildrensEmergencyFundisinNewYork(USA).
    TheheadquarterofUnitedNationsReliefandWorksAgencyisinVienna(Austria).
    HeadquartersofWWFareinVienna,Austria.
    SAARCwasformedinDecember,1985.
    SAARCHumanResourceDevelopmentCentreislocatedatIslamabad.
    HQofUniversalPostalUnionisinBerne.
    NewZealandsDonMcKinnonisthefirstsecretarygeneralofcommonwealth.
    FirstIslamicSummitwasheldatRabatin1969.
    SecondIslamicSummitwasheldatLahorein1974.
    1n1948theUNdrawnupacharterofcivilandpoliticalrights.
    FirstSecretaryGeneralofUNwasTregavLeeofNorway.
    KofiAnangotnoblepeacepricein2001.
    UNOworldwascoinedbyF.DRoosevelt.
    KofiAnanisthe7thSecretaryGeneralofUNO.
    WhatwasthefirstcountrytoleavetheUnitedNationsIndonesia
    DonMcKinnonisthesecretaryGeneralofCommonwealth.
    Thetermofthejudgesoftheinternationalcourtofjusticeis9years.
    ILOisnotanorganoftheUN.
    FirstcitytobeplacedunderUNwasSarajevo.
    TheUNobserved1998asthehumanrightsyearwiththethemeAllHumanRightsforAll.
    ICJhas15judges,anytwoofwhomcannotbeofthesamenationality.
    MyanmarisnotamemberofSAARC.
    UNCharterwassignedonJune26,1945andcameintoforceonOctober24,1945.
    OliveBranchistheemblemoftheU.N.
    FivepermanentmembersofU.NSecurityCouncilareChina,France,Russia,UKandUS.
    UNSecurityCouncilhasfivepermanentand10nonpermanentmembers.
    BangladeshisnotamemberofASEAN.
    AsperSAFTAagreement,India,Pakistan&SriLankahavetodecreasetheircustomdutiesto05%by
    2013.
    EstoniaisnotamemberofCIS.
    PortugueseisnotanofficiallanguageofUN.
    ICJhasissuedthearrestwarrantofOmaralBasherofSudan
    TheUnitedStatesofAmericahasuseditsvetopowermorethananyotherpermanentmember
    G7isthegroupofsevenrichindustralialnationsBritain,Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japanandthe
    US.
    TheUNOoriginatedduringthesecondworldwar.Itscharterwasdrawnupfrom25thAprilto26thJune,
    1945atSanFranciscowhichwassignedby51countries.
    In1971thepeoplerepublicofchinawasgivenmembershipofUNObyexpellingTaiwan.
    TheUNIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationhasitsheadquartersatVienna.
    UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightswasadoptedin1948.
    Initially,Arableaguehassevencountries.
    HeadquarterofArabLeagueislocatedinCairo.ArabLeaguewasestablishedon22ndMarch1945.
    AmnestyInternationalwasestablishedinLondonbytheBritishLawyer,PeterBenensonin1961
    TheInternationalcourtofjusticewasconstitutedon26thJune1945
    TheCharterofUnitedNationsconsistsof111articles.
    TheCommonWealthofAustraliacameintoexistencein1901.
    Article55oftheUNCharterpromotesinternationalHumanRights.
    Territorialwaterstraditionallyarerecognizedtoextendhowfarfromastatescoastline?12miles.
    Astatesexecutiveeconomiczone(EEZ)isrecognizedtoextendhowfarfromthecoastline?12miles
    ECOSOChasbeenestablishedunderchapter10oftheUNcharter
    UnitedArabEmiratesisafederationof7Emirates.
    SwitzerlandjoinedtheUNduring2002.
    AfricanDevelopmentBankwasestablishedin1964.
    TheprincipalorgansofUnitedNationsareSix.

    UnitedNationsspendsalionsshareofitsbudgetonRefugeesrehabilitations
    TheUNOoriginatedduringtheSecondWorldWar.Itscharterwasdrawnupfrom25thAprilto26thJune,
    1945atSanFranciscowhichwassignedby51countries.
    WhatfamousbattlewasfoughtatPancenoitWaterloo(fourmilesaway)
    TransparencyInternationalisbasedinBerlin.
    WhereistheheadquarteroftheAmnestyInternationallocated:London
    ArabMagribUnionconsistsofFiveStates.
    UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightswasadoptedin1948.
    ESCAPisEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandPacific.ItsheadofficeisatBangkok.
    HumanRightWatchdogheadquarterisin..NewYork
    InwhichcityWorldEconomicforumusuallyholdsitsmeetings?TheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)isa
    GenevabasednonprofitfoundationbestknownforitsannualmeetinginDavos,Switzerland

    IMPORTANTDAYS
    InternationalDayfortheeliminationofracialdiscriminationisobservedon21March.
    Worldenvironmentdayisobservedon5thJune.
    Internationaldayofpeaceisobservedon3rdTuesdayofSeptember.
    Worldfooddayisobservedon16October.
    Internationalwomensdayisobservedon8thMarch.
    Worldhealthdayisobservedon7thApril.
    Universalchildrensdayisobservedon20November.
    Worldsaidsdayisobservedon1December.
    Unitednationsdayisobservedon24thOctober.
    Internationaldayofdisabledpersonisobservedon3December.
    Humanrightsdayisobservedon10December.
    Pressdayiscelebratedon3rdMay.
    KashmirSolidarityDayisobservedon5Feb.
    InFrancetheBastilleDayiscelebratedon14thJuly.
    InternationalLiteracydayisobservedon8Sep.
    Worldchildrendayisobservedon8thMarch.
    Humanrightsdayisobservedon10thDec.
    Dayagainstdrugtraffickingisobservedon26June.
    22Marchiscelebratedastheworlddayforwater.
    11thJulyisknownasWorldPopulationDay.
    Kashmirsolidaritydayiscelebratedalloverthecountryon5thFebruary.
    World`steacherdaywasobservedonoctober5,2005inpakistan.
    InternationalLiteracyDayiscelebratedonSeptember8.
    InternationalOzoneDayisobservedonSeptember16.
    Theyear1998wasobservedastheInternationalYearofOcean.
    CommonwealthDayisobservedonMay24everyyear.
    HumanRightsDayisobservedon10thDecembereveryyear.
    NoSmokingDayisobservedonApril7.
    WorldBookDayisobservedonApril23.
    WorldEnvironmentDayisobservedonJune5.
    3rdmayworldpressfreedomday
    Worldliteracydayiscelebratedon8thSeptember

    IMPORTANTBOOKS&THEIRAUTHORS
    ShahnamaiIslamwaswrittenbyHafeezJalandri.
    ManwhoruledIndiawaswrittenbyPhilipWoodruff.
    ThebookconfessionwaswrittenbyRousseau.
    QuaideAzamJinnah.ThestoryofaNationiswrittenbyG.Allana.
    HeroesandHeroWorshipwaswrittenbyCarlyle.
    FoundationofPakistanwaswrittenbySharifuddinPirzada.
    RubaiyatofOmarKhayyamwaswrittenbyEdwardFitzgeranld.
    GitanjaliwaswrittenbyRabindranathTagore.
    AsrarekhudiiswrittenbyAllamaIqbal
    BaleJibriliswrittenbyAllamaIqbal
    BangedaraiswrittenbyAllmaIqbal
    BostaniswrittenbySheikhSaadi
    DarbariAkbariiswrittenbyAzad,MuhammadHussain
    GulistaniswrittenbySheikhSaadi
    HayatiJawidiswrittenbyHali
    JavaidNamaiswrittenbyAllamaIqbal
    JawabeShikwahiswrittenbyAllamaIqbal
    KtabalShifaiswrittenbyIbnSina
    MiratulAroosiswrittenbyNazirAhmed
    MuqaddamahiswrittenbyIbnKhaldun
    ShaeroShaeriiswrittenbyAltafHussainHali
    MussaddasiHaliiswrittenbyAltafHussainHali
    NaqsheFaryadiiswrittenbyFaizAhmedFaiz
    PayameMashriqiswrittenbyAllamaIqbal
    ShahnamaiswrittenbyFirdausi
    TehzeebalIkhlaqiswrittenbySirSyedAhmedKhan
    TafhimulquraniswrittenbySyedAbdulalaMaudoodi.
    YadgariGalibiswrittenbyHali
    ZabureAnjamiswrittenbyDr.AllamaIqbal
    ZarbeKaleemiswrittenbyDr.AllamaIqbal
    ArabianNightsiswrittenbySirRichardButon
    AnIdealHusbandiswrittenbyOscarWilde
    AwomanofNoimportanceiswrittenbyOscarWild
    AnimalFarmiswrittenbyGeorgeOrwell
    AnthonyCleopatraiswrittenbyW.Shakespeare
    AsyoulikeitiswrittenbyW.Shakespeare
    CaesarandCleopatraiswrittenbyG.BShaw
    ComedyofErrorsiswrittenbyW.Shakespeare
    DaughteroftheEastiswrittenbyBenazirBhuto
    DeclineandFallofRomanEmpireiswrittenbyEdwardGibbon
    DoctorsDilemmaiswrittenbyG.BShaw
    EastofAdeniswrittenbyJohnSteinbeck
    FrenchRevolutioniswrittenbyTomasCarlyle
    FreedomatMidnightiswrittenbyLarryCollinsandDominiqueLapiere
    GonewiththeWindiswrittenbyMargaretMithchel
    GreatExpectationsiswrittenbyCharlesDickens
    GulliversTravelsiswrittenbyJonathanSwift
    HamletiswrittenbyW.Shakespeare
    IbnBattutaTravelsinAsiaandAfricaiswrittenbyIbnBattuta
    JunglebookiswrittenbyRudyardKipling
    JinnahofPakistaniswrittenbyStanleyWolpert
    MythofindependenceiswrittenbyZ.ABhutto
    WorldWariswrittenbyW.Churchill
    MerchantofVeniceiswrittenbyShakerpeare
    MuhammadAliJinnahiswrittenbyM.HSaiyid
    MuchAdoAboutNothingiswrittenbyShakespeare
    NineDaysWonderiswrittenbyJohnMasefield
    NineteenEightyFouriswrittenbyGeorgeOrwell
    OldmanandtheSeaiswrittenbyErnestHamingway
    OliverTwistiswrittenbyCharlesDickens
    OriginOfspeciesiswrittenbyCharlesDarwin
    ParadiseLostiswrittenbyJohnMilton
    PickwickpapersiswrittenbyCharlesDickens
    PrideandPrejudiceiswrittenbyJaneAusten
    RobinsonCrusoeiswrittenbyDanielDefoe
    SenseandSensibilityiswrittenbyJaneAustin
    SohrabandRustamMathewArnold
    SocialContactiswrittenbyRousseau
    TreasureIslandiswrittenbyR.LStevenson
    TropicofCanceriswrittenbyHenryMiller
    TwelfthNightiswrittenbyW.Shakespeare
    ATaleofTwoCitiesiswrittenbyCharlesDickens
    VanityofHumanWishesiswrittenbySamuelJohnson
    WealthofNationiswrittenbyAdamSimith
    ZulfiBhuttoofPakistaniswrittenbyStanleyWolpert
    FaustiswrittenbyGoethe
    MeinKampfiswrittenbyHitler
    DivineComedyiswrittenbyDante
    Odyssey(Greek)iswrittenbyHomer
    UtopiaiswrittenbyThomasMooore
    WarandPeaceiswrittenbyLeoTolstoy
    CrimeandPunishmentiswrittenbyF.MDostovsky
    CommunistManifestoiswrittenbyKarlMarxandEagles
    DasCapitaliswrittenbyKarlMarx
    TheidiotiswrittenbyDostoevsky
    DonQuixotoiswrittenbyMiguelDeCervates
    ThePrinceiswrittenbyMachiavelli
    ConstitutionalDevelopmentofPakistaniswrittenbyG.WChoudhry
    FiveThousandYearsofPakistaniswrittenbyWheelerR.E.M
    ForeignPolicyofPakistaniswrittenbyZulifkarAliBhutto
    Jinnah,CreatorofPakistaniswrittenbyHecorBolitho
    MuslimSeparatisminIndiaandPakistaniswrittenbyAbdulHamid
    PakistantheFormativePhaseiswrittenbyLawrenceZiring
    PoliticalSyeteminPakistaniswrittenbyKhalidB.Saeed
    PoliticsinPakistaniswrittenbyKhalidB.Saeed
    QuaidiAzamandPakistaniswrittenbyAhmadHasanDani
    StruggleforPakistaniswrittenbyI.HQureshi
    TheEmergenceofPakistaniswrittenbyMohammadAliChoudhry
    TheMakingofPakistaniswrittenbyK.KAziz
    TowardsPakistaniswrittenbyWhaeeduzZaman
    WorldPoliticsSince1945iswrittenbyP.Calvocrassi
    KhusbooiswrittenbyParveenShakir
    LailaMajnooiswrittenbyAmirKhusro
    AkbarnamaiswrittenbyAbuFazal
    AlQanoonfilTibiswrittenbyIbneSina
    GreenBookiswrittenbyPresisdentMoamoorGadafi
    RepubliciswrittenbyPlato
    RevolutionandIndependenceiswrittenbyWordsWorth
    RoadtoFreedomiswrittenbyBertrandRussel
    RomeoandJulietiswrittenbyShakespeare
    JoanofArciswrittenbyG.WShaw.
    FoustwaswrittenbyGoethe.
    ProfilesinCourageiswrittenbyHenryKissinger.
    PickwickPaperswerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.
    EastandEdenwaswrittenbyJohnSteinback.
    AfarewelltoArmsiswrittenbyEarnestHemingway.
    TravelinArabianDesertwaswrittenbyC.MDoughty.
    ThespiritofIslamwaswrittenbySyedAmeerAli.
    ThepoemShikwahandJawabeSikwahwaswrittenbyAllamaIqbal.
    FiveThousandYearsofPakistanwaswrittenbyREMWheeler.
    StruggleofPakistanwaswrittenbyI.HQureshi.
    ThepoemAncientMarineristheworkofColeridge.
    WhitePapersarepolicystatementspublishedbytheBritishparliamentonthesubjectoftremendouspublic
    importance.
    BlueBooksaretheofficialreportsoftheBritishGovernment.
    WhiteBooksaretheofficialpublicationsofthecountrieslikePortugal,China,andGermany.
    YellowBooksaretheofficialrecordsofFrance.
    GreyBooksaretheofficialpolicyaswellasreportsoftheJapanesegovernment.
    GreenBooksaretheofficialreportsoftheItaliangovernment.
    OrangeBooksaretheofficialpublicationoftheNetherlands.
    Leninwrotethestateandrevolution.
    IbneKhaldunretiredasajudge.
    AlGhazaliisknownasHujatulIslam.
    ThenameofthebookwhichAlFarabiwroteisAraMadinatulFazila.
    Platowrotethelaws.
    Aristotlefoundedthelyceum.
    MaowroteOncontradictions.
    J.S.MillwroteOnliberty.
    Witnesstosurrender=SiddiqueSaliq.
    AshorthistoryofPak:=I.H.Qureshi.
    DiscoveryofPak:=A.Aziz.
    FoundationofPak:=SharifuddinPirzada.
    FiveThousandYearsofPak::=R.E.M.Wheeler.
    HistoryofFreedomMovement=I.H.Qureshi.
    JinnahofPak:=StanleyWoolpert.
    JinnahasIknowhim=AbdulHassanIsphahani.
    TheMakingofPakistan=RichardSymonds.
    TheMakingofPakistan=K.K.Aziz.
    Jinnah:CreatorofPak:=HectorBolithio.
    QuaideAzam:TheStoryofANation=G.Allana.
    IndiawinsFreedom=AbdulKalamAzad.
    EmergenceofPak:=Ch:RahmatAli.
    TowardsPakistan=Wahiduzaman
    TransferofPowerinIndia=V.P.Memon.
    Pak:NagozeerTha=SyedHasanRaza.
    QuaidiAzam&Pakistan=AhmedHassanDani.
    FriendsnotMasters=AyubKhan.
    ThePakistanIssue=NazirYarJung.
    QuidwrotetheprefaceofMyLeader=ZiauddinAhmed.
    MuslimNationalisminIndia=MalikHafeez.
    PathwaytoPak:=Ch:Khaiquzzaman.
    TheIndianMusalimans=W.W.Hunter.
    OurStruggle=Mohd:Noman.
    EvolutionofPak:SharifuddinPirzada.
    Mohd:AliJinnah=G.Allana.
    BirthofPak:=Dr.Sachin.
    Pak:theHeartofAsia=LiaquatAliKhan.
    IncompletePartition=AlastairLamb.
    Birthofatragedy=Dr.TahirAmir.
    MyLastdaywithQuaid=IlahiBux
    OutlineofaschemeofIndianFederation=SirSikandarHayatKhan.
    ThoughtonPakistan=Ambedkar.
    FreedomatMidnight=LarryCollins
    HayateJavedwaswrittenbyAltafHussainHali.
    TheForgottenYearsisanautobiographyoffromForeignMinisterSirZafarullahKhan.
    MissionwithMountabatten=AlanCampbellJohnson.
    ReligiousThoughtofSayyidAhmedKhan==BahirAhmadDar.
    TheCambridgeHistoryoftheBritishEmpire=H.H.Dodwell.
    OxfordHistoryofIndia=VincentSmith.
    India,Pakistan&theWest=PercivalSmith.
    ThebookpartypoliticsinPakistan(194758)iswrittenbyK.K.AZIZ.
    AliceinWonderlandisabookwrittenbyLewisCarrol.
    EdwinaandNehruiswrittenbyCatherineClement.
    BelovedisanovelauthoredbyToniMorrison.
    ConquestofHappinesswasauthoredbyBertrandRussel.
    CrossingtheThresholdofHopewasauthoredbyPopeJohnPaulII.
    GulliversTravelisauthoredbyJonathanSwiftinwhichthereisdescriptionoftheislandofLilliputs.
    HigherthanHopesisbiographyofNelsonMandela.
    IndiaDividedisabookwrittenbyDr.RajenraParsad.
    IndianWarofIndependenceisabookwrittenbyV.D.Savarkar.
    KublaKhanisapoembyColeridge.
    LifeDivineisabookwrittenbySriAurobindo.
    MenarefromMars,WomenarefromVenusisthebookwrittenbyJohnGray.
    MotherIndiaisabookwrittenbyKatherineMayo.
    MyFrozenTurbulenceinKashmiriswrittenbyJagmohan.
    UntoThisLastiswrittenbyRuskin.
    WhowroteGonewiththeWind:MargaretMitchell
    WhowroteHistoryofGod?KarenArmstrong
    RaghuvasmawaswrittenbyKalidas.
    GriefandHopeisabookwrittenbyNoaBenArtiziPlossof,granddaughterofslainIsrailiPMYitzakRabin.
    FreedomBehindBarsisabookwrittenbyKiranBedi.
    HayateJawaid,writtenbyAltafHussainHali,isonthelifeofSirSyedAhmedKhan.
    TheSunalsoRisesiswrittenbyEarnestHemingway.
    KhadijaMastoorwroteAngan.
    ImamGhazaliistheauthorofIhyaulUloom.
    Montesquieuwrotethespiritoflaws.
    WhowrotethebookCalloftheWildJackLondon
    WhowroteVoyagethroughHistory?MusarrtHussainZuberi
    WhoistheauthorofPreparingfortheTwentyFirstCentury?PaulKennedy
    WhowroteSupremeCourtandHumanRights?Tamizuddin
    Theauthoroffamousbook,NuclearWeaponsandForeignPolicyisHenryKissinger.
    RiseandFallofGreatPowersistheworkofPaulKennedy.
    MyExperimentswithTruthisautobiographyofMahtmaGandhi.

    IMPORTANTBATTLES
    BattleofJhelumwasfoughtb/wAlexandartheGreatandRajaPorusin326B.C.Thelatterwasdefeated.
    MahumudGhaznaviinvadedonSomnathin1025A.D.
    BattleofTarainwasfoughtb/wMohd:GhouriandPrithviRajin1192A.D.Theformerwonthebattle.
    FirstbattleofPanipatwasfoughtb/wIbrahimLodhiandBaburin1526.Baburwonthebattle.
    SecondbattleofPanipatwasfoughtin1556.Akbarwonthebattle.
    ThirdbattleofPanipatwasfoughtb/wAhmadShahAbdaliandMarahttasin1760.AhmedShahdefeated
    thelatter.
    WestBankwasoccupiedin1967.
    JapanattackedPearlHarbourlocatedinHawaiion7Dec:1941.
    IsraeloccupiedGolanHeightsfromSyria.
    WestBankislocatedb/wIsreal&Jordan.
    WestBankwasoccupiedin1967.
    Iran&UAEdisputeoverPersianGulfislands,Greater&lesserTunbs.
    SakhalinIslandisdisputeb/wRussia&Japan.

    Iran&UAEdisputeoverPersianGulfislands,Greater&lesserTunbs.
    Sakhalinislandisdisputeb/wRussia&Japan.
    InBattleofSabroan,EnglishdefeatedSikhsandcapturedLahore.
    NicknameofAtomicBombdroppedonHiroshimain1945wasLittleBoyandonNagasaki=FatMan.
    Thehundredyearwaractuallylastedfor114years.
    SirWilliamHowardRussellwasthefirstGreatWarcorrespondent.
    HundredyearswarfoughtbetweenFranceandBritainduring13381453.
    CeasefirebetweenIranandIraqtookplacein1988,bytheinterventionofU.N.
    TheplacenamedNormandybecameworldsfamousduetotheD.DaylandingduringtheSecondWorld
    Waron6thJune1944.NormandyislocatedinFrance.
    PearlHarborincidenttookplaceon7thDec1941.
    In1982theFalklandswarwasfoughtbetweenBritainandArgentina.
    CivilWarofUSAlastedfrom18611865.
    ThefamousBritishNavalcommander,whodefectedtheFrenchNavalFleetatNilein1788andat
    Trafalgarin1805wasHoratioNelson.
    DoerwarfoughtbetweenSouthAfricaandBritish.
    FightingbrokeoutbetweenGreeksandtheTurksinJuly1974.
    AttheendofSecondWorldWarin1945,Germanywasdividedamong4majorpowers.
    InOpiumwarBritainfoughtagainstChina.
    GulfwarJan1991stoppedinFeb28,1991.
    IranIraqwasstartedinSep1980andendedinAug1988.
    LloydGeorgeofGreatBritainrepresentedintreatyofVersailles.
    Germanyremainedingripofalliedoccupationfrom1994to1952.
    TheAmericangeneralwhoactedasthesupremecommanderofAlliedforcesinEuropeduringthesecond
    worldwarwasD.DEisenhower.
    ThecriminalsoftheSecondWorldWarweretrailedinthecityofNuremburg.
    BreakupofGermanyoccurredon1945andmergeronOct3,1990.
    IraqoccupiedKuwaiton2ndAug1990.
    USAdroppedanatombombonHiroshimaon6thAugust1945.
    FirstWorldWarbegunon1914A.D.andSecondWorldWarstartedin1939whenGermanyattackedon
    Poland,itisalsoconsideredasgreatestwar.
    GermanscallaWW1seafightBattleofSkagerrakwhatinUK:BattleofJutland
    OperationThunderboltwasthenicknamegiventowhichraidIsraeliraidonEntebbe
    InWW2theGermanslaunchedoperationBernhardwhatCounterfeitBritishNotes
    InWW2whatwastheGermancodenameforinvasionofRussiaBarberossa
    OperationDraculainWWIIfreedwhatcityRangoonBurma
    Which19thcenturybattleUK/USAfoughtafterpeacesignedBattleofNewOrleans
    WaterlooisnowinBelgium
    TheDukeofWellingtondefeatedNapoleonattheBattleofWaterlooin1815.
    WhatfamousbattlewasfoughtatPancenoitWaterloo(fourmilesaway)
    ThethirdbattleofPanipatwasfoughtbetweenMarathasandAfghans.
    InBattleofSabroan,EnglishdefeatedSikhsandcapturedLahore.
    IraqoccupiedKuwaitinAugust1990.
    AfghanMujahideentookpowerinKabulonApril20,1991
    NorthKoreainvadedSouthKoreain1950.
    JapanattackedPearlHarbourlocatedinHawaiion7Dec:1941.
    NicknameofAtomicBombdroppedonHiroshimain1945wasLittleBoyandonNagasaki=FatMan.
    DarfurconflictisinSudan.

    HIGHESTMILITARYAWARDS
    HighestmilitaryawardofBritainisVictoriaCross.
    HighestmilitaryawardofGermanyisIronCross.
    HighestmilitaryawardofIndiaisPardamVirChakra.
    HighestmilitaryawardofJapanisOrderoftheRisingSun.
    HighestmilitaryawardofPakistanisNishaniHaider.
    HighestmilitaryawardofRussiaisOrderofthePatrioticWar.
    HighestmilitaryawardofUSAisVictoryMedal.
    WhatcountrieshighestawardisTheOrderoftheElephantDenmark
    OrderofHonorandBanneristheawardofUSSR

    GENERALINFORMATION
    Watervaporsareformedduetoevaporation
    Gasingobar(cowdung)isethylene.(chkbiogasisnaturalgas)
    GMTwasestablishedin1884
    Radiobroadcastingstartedin1920
    Calorierequirementsedentaryis2500k.cal,lightwordis3000k.cal,moderateworkis3500k.caland
    heavyworkis4000k.cal
    Wateris830timesheavierthanair
    Drivingmirrorisusuallyconvex
    Dossiermeansrelevantpapers
    Indesertscloudsdonotprecipitateduetolowhumidity
    Raindropisshapedlikeapeer
    Moneyismadeofcotton
    1liter=0.9kg
    DrinkersapparatusisformeasuringtheamountofAlcoholintheblood.
    Atomicpileisaplacewherenuclearfissionismade.
    Dewarsflaskiscalledasthermos.
    AtomicweightofchemicalcompoundsisdeterminedbyMassspectroscopy.
    Tubelightemitsradiationevenafteritisdisconnected.ItisduetoFluorescence
    Theconversionofgasesintoliquidunderhighpressureandlowtemperatureiscalledregulation.
    Ifagreenleafisseeninaredlightitscolorwillbeblack.
    EmergeofVIBGYORfromonesideoftheprismisduetorefractionanddispersionoflight.
    510millionsquarekilometersisthetotalsurfaceareaoftheear
    Linseedoilisusedwhileoilpainting.
    Duringthewintermonths90%offallenleavesaretakenundergroundbyearthworm
    Coxorangepippenisabiologicalnameofanapple
    Breitlingorbiter3wasthefirstballoontoflynonstoparoundtheworld
    Aircraftdesignerstesttheirmodelofaircraftinwindtonnel
    Aircraftsaremadeofalluminiumalloys
    Flapsareusedasairbrakes
    DarwinvisitedGalapagosIslandbeforegivinghistheoryofNaturalSelection.
    Staplefoodisthebasicfood
    Thecropslikelegumesandbeensandcloverformtheirownfertilizer.Farmersgrowthesecropsand
    ploughintosoilasfertilizers.Thisprocessiscalledgreenmanuring.
    ScientistshaverecentlydiscoveredanewtastecalledUmami.
    BraillesystemisnamedafteritsinventortheFrenchmanLouisBrille.
    Isochronesarethelinesjoiningtheplacesofequallabourandtransportationcosts.

    FIRST,LARGEST,BIGEST,LONGEST,OLDEST
    WhatisEuropeslargestportRotterdam
    Whatwasfirstusedatthe1904StLouisOlympicgamesGoldmedalssilverwasfirstbefore
    WhereistheworldsoldestuniversityFezMoroccofounded859
    WhatisthelargestIslandinTheGreaterAntillesCuba
    WhatistheworldsmostpollutedmajorcityMexicoCity
    WhatistheworldsfastestmovinginsectTropicalCockroach
    WhereisthelargestchurchintheworldVaticaninRome
    WhatwasthefirstcountrytousepostcardsAustria
    WhereistheworldslargestChinesesettlementoutsideAsiaSanFranciscoChinatown
    WhichcountryhasnonationalmonetaryunitofitsownAndorra
    Whichcountryhasthehighest%ofwomenintheirlegislatureCuba
    WhichcountryhasthemostdailynewspapersIndia
    WhichcitywasbuiltinthedesignofaunionflagKhartoum
    WhatwasthefirstcountrytouseTVasamassinfomediaGermany
    InwhichcountryistheworldslongestroadtunnelSwitzerland
    WhichcountryhasnopublictoiletsPeru
    Billgates(USA),founderandchairmanofMicrosoftCorporation,iscurrentlytherichestpersonintheworld
    andLillianBettencourt(France)istherichestwomanintheworld.
    Nauru,anislandlocatedinwesternPacificOcean,isthesmallestrepublicoftheworld.
    MountEverest(2759N8656E)isthehighestmountainpeakwhichislocatedonNepalTibetborderinthe
    Himalayas.
    NewCorneliatailingsontenmilewashArizonaUSAwithavolumeof209500millioncubicmetersisthe
    worldslargestvolumedam.
    TaipeiIbuiltinTaiwanisworldssecondtallestbuilding..
    TheAtacamaDesertinChileisthedriestplaceoftheworldandMasynraminAssam(India)isthewettest
    placeintheworld.
    Canadahasthelongestcoastlinewhichis151,489milesinthelengthandMonacoscoastlinemeasures
    only3.5milesinlength.
    DalolDanakidepressioninEthiopiawithanaverageannualtemperatureof35c(95f)isthehottestplace
    onearthandPlateaustation,inAntarcticawithanaverageannualtemperatureof56.7c(71.7f),isthe
    coldestplaceoftheglobe.
    GrandcentralterminalofNewYorkisthelargestrailwaystation.Itcoversanareaof48acres.
    TheSeikanrailwaytunnelinJapanisthelongestrailwaytunnelintheworld,itslengthis33.50miles(53.9
    km)
    LongestroadtunnelisSt.GoatherdRd.locatedinSwitzerland16.3kmlong.
    Theyellowstonenationalpark(USA)isthelargestnationalpark.Ithasanareaof3350sqmiles.
    TheCaliforniaUniversity(USA)isthebiggestuniversityoftheworld.
    Kingkhalidinternationalairport,Riyadh(SaudiArabia)isthelargestairportintheworld.
    TheportofNewYorkandNewJersey(USA)isthelargestseaportintheworld.
    Mandarin(Chinese)isthemostspokenlanguageoftheworld.Itisestimatedthatatotalnumberof999
    millionpplspeakit.
    Thenobleprizeisthelargestprize.Eachprizecarriesanamountofonemilliondollars.
    ShahfaisalmosquelocatedinIslamabad(pak)isthelargestmosque.
    Ostrichisthelargestbirdintheworld.
    SaudiArabiaisthelargestexporterofoilintheworld.
    ThelongestriverinAsiaisYangtze
    TheworldslargestinternetsearchengineisGoogle.
    AfterUnitedstates,thelargestnumberofinventionsinthelasttwodecadesbelongstoGermany
    Chinahasthelargestpopulation,RussiahaslargestlandareaandVaticancityhassmallestpopulation
    andlandareaintheworld
    LordClivewasthefirstandLordMountbattenwasthelastBritishrulerofIndia.
    LargestcontinentoftheworldisAsiaandsmallestisAustralia.Largestoceanoftheworldispacific
    oceanandsmallestoceanisIndianocean.TheSaharaisthelargestdesertoftheworld.
    KazakhstanisthelargestMuslimcountryinlandareaintheworld.Ithasanareaof1,049,000sq.miles.
    MaldivesisthesmallestMuslimcountryinlandareaof115sq.miles.
    IndonesiaisthemostpopulousMuslimcountryandMaldivesislesspopulousMuslimcountry.
    Antarcticaistheuninhabitedcontinentoftheworldwhichiswithoutanyregularpopulation.
    Seoul(SouthKorea)isthemostpopulouscityoftheworld.
    ThelakeBaikalofRussiahasthemaximumdepthof5315feet.
    Turkeyisthecountryhavingitslandintwocontinents
    TheworldslongestcurrentreigningmonarchisQueenofEngland.
    Germanyisthehighestsolarenergyuserintheworld.
    Inflationmeansthatmoneyfallsinvalue.
    TheCambodianLanguageisthelanguagewithmostAlphabets.Ithasatotalnumberof74alphabets
    TheOstrichofNorthAfricaisthebiggestbird.Itsheightisupto2.7meters(9feet)andweightisupto
    160kgs.Whilethehummingbirdissmallestbird.Itis5.520cminlengthandweightabout16grams.
    GlaciersarefoundoneverycontinentexceptAfrica.TheLambertGlacierenjoysthedistinctionofbeing
    thelargestglacierintheworld.ItislocatedintheAustraliaAntarcticTerritory.Itslengthis440miles(700
    km)andwasdiscoveredin195657.
    ThelargestmuseumintheworldistheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory
    ThelowestmountainrangeintheworldistheBhieunaBhaile
    ThecountryknownastheLandofCakesisScotland
    TheplaceknownastheGardenofEnglandisKent
    TheoldnameofTaiwanwasFormosa
    ThelargestbayintheworldisHudsonBay,Canada
    ThelargestchurchintheworldisBasilicaofSt.Peter,VaticanCity,Rome
    ThetalleststatueintheworldistheMotherland,VolgagradRussia
    TheworldsloneliestislandistheTristandacunda
    ThecountrywhoseNationalAnthemhasonlymusicbutnowordsisBahrain
    ThelargestcinemaintheworldistheFoxtheatre,Detroit,USA
    ThecountrywheretherearenoCinematheatresisSaudiarabia
    TheworldstallestofficebuildingistheSearsTower,Chicago
    ThecountrywheremilitaryserviceiscompulsoryforwomenisIsrael
    Thecountrywhichhasmorethan10,000golfcoursesisUSA
    ThecountrywhichbuiltthefirstpowerfullongrangerocketsisGermany
    ThelargesttempleintheworldisAngkorwatinKampuchea
    ThelargestdomeintheworldisLouisianaSuperdome,NewOrleans,USA
    ThelargeststraitintheworldisTartarStrait
    ThelargestcityofAfricaisCairo
    ThefounderofKODAKCompanywasEastman
    TheCapeofGoodHopeislocatedinSouthAfrica
    ThelastletteroftheGreekalphabetisOmega
    TheplaceknownasthelandofLincolnisIllinois
    ThePentagoniandesertislocatedinArgentina
    ThepersonknownasthefatherofaeronauticsisSirGeorgeCayley
    ThemostdenselypopulatedIslandintheworldisHonshu
    ThetwonationsHaitiandtheDominionRepublictogetherformtheIslandofHisponiola
    ThelargestautoproducerintheUSAisGeneralMotors
    ThefirstactortowinanOscarwasEmilJannings
    ThefirstanimatedcolourcartoonoffullfeaturelengthwasSnowWhiteandSevenDwarfs
    ThefirstdemonstrationofamotionpicturewasheldatParis
    ThefirstcountrytoissuestampswasBritain
    TheworldslargestcarmanufacturingcompanyisGeneralMotors,USA
    TheworldsbiggestmanufacturerofbicyclesisHerocycles,Ludhiana
    TheworldsoldestundergroundrailwayisatLondon
    ThelastFrenchMonarchwasLouisNapoleonIII
    ThefirstmantoreachAntarcticawasFabianGotileb
    OldestsurvivingbuildinginworldispyramidsofEgypt.
    K2isalsoknownasGodwinAustin,firstclimbedbyArditoDesio1956.
    MountEverestisthehighestmountainlocatedinHimalaya(Nepal).
    TensingandHillarywerethefirsthumanbeingstosetfootonthetopofMt.Everest.Tensingbelongedto
    IndiaandHillaryisanativeofNewZealand.
    K2isthesecondhighestpeaklocatedinKorokoram(Pakistan).
    MountEverestwasnamedafterSirGeorgeEverest.
    MozambiquehasthelowestGNP.
    ThebiggestairportintheworldisKingKhalidsituatedinSaudiArabia.
    Nauruisthesmallestrepublicoftheworld.
    CapitalwithhighestelevationLaPaz.
    LargestDam,GrandCouleeDamisinUSA.
    WorldsbiggestmuseumisBritishMuseum.
    VoltaLake(Ghana)isthelargestartificiallakeoftheworld.
    LargestzooisinSouthAfrica.
    LargestHydroelectricpowerstationisinBrazil.
    LargestpalaceisinBrunei.
    LongestrailwaytunnelisSeikanRailwayTunnel,inJapan.
    ThelargestrailwaytunnelintheworldistheOshimzuTunnel,Japan(chk)
    LongestundergroundrailwayTunnelisinMoscow.
    GrandCentralTerminalofNewYorkisthelargestrailwaystationoftheworld.
    BiggestLibraryisCongressLibraryinUSA.
    LargestStadiumisinCzechRepublic.
    CountrywithlargestcoastlineisCanada.
    CountrywithlargestbudgetisUSA.
    ThehighestbirthrateisofMalawi.
    Peruwithlowestbirthrate.
    CountrywithmostbillionairesisUSA.
    WaltDisneyisthemanwithhighestnumberofOscars.
    TheworldslongestplatformisknownastheLoop,whichislocatedinUSA.
    Monacohastheshortestcoastline.
    ThebiggestSquaretheTiananmenSquareisinChina.
    LargestTombthemountlitombisinChina.
    ThelongestcricketmatchbetweenEnglandandSouthAfricain1939abandonedafter10days.
    LargestnumberofschoolisinChina.
    Largestfort,FortGeorgesituatedinUK.
    ThelargestchurchoftheworldisinRome(Italy).
    LargestexhibitioncentreisinGermany.
    LakeVictoriaisthelargestlakeofAfrica.
    ThefilmBenHurwonthemost(11)OscurAwardsin1959.
    Worldslargestmosqueisshahfaisalmosque.
    LargestcapitalisOttawa.
    TibetanPlateauhashighestelevation.
    SmallestcontinentisAustralia.
    LeastpopulatedMuslimcountryisMaldives.
    CitywithlargestelevationisLhasa.
    LargestBayisBayofBengal.
    LargestdeltaisinBengalcreatedbytheriverBharamputraandtheGanges.
    LargestgulfistheGulfofMexico.
    LargestwaterreservoirisOwnfalls(Uganda).
    LargestdambyvolumeisKievdam(Ukrain).
    BiggestdamisPatidam(Argentina).
    HottestplaceisAziziyah,Libya.
    ColdestplaceisPlateaustation(Antartica).
    DriestplaceisAtacamaDesertinChile.
    Biggestnationalparkisyellowstonenationalpark.
    BiggestuniversityisCaliforniauniversity(USA).
    LargestbattleshipisUSSMissouri.
    LargestseaportisportofNetYorkandNewJersey(USA).
    MostspokenlanguageisMandarinChinese.
    LargestmosqueisShahFaisalMosqueatIslamabad.
    LargestchurchisChatholicBasilica(VeticanRome).
    LargestuniversityisuniversityofNewYorkUSA.
    OldestcivilizationisSumeriancivilization(Mesopotamia).
    OldesttownisJericho(Jordan).
    LargestlandmammalisAfricanElephant.
    LongeststraitistheStraitofMalacca.
    TallestanimalisGiraffe.
    Largestbirdisostrich.
    Smallestbirdishummingbird.
    LargestbankoftheworldisDutchBankofGermany.
    ThecountrywithmostrefugeesisIran.
    CountrywithmostislandsisIndonesia.
    FirstMuslimdynastyinIndiaisslavedynasty.
    HighestbirthrateisofMalawi(Africa).
    LowestbirthrateisofPeru.
    HighestdeathrateisofPeru.
    LowestdeathrateisofKuwait.
    ArichestwomanisQueenElizabeth.
    ThelargestofoilconsumerisUSA.
    ThelargestoilfieldisGhawarOilfield(SaudiArabia).
    TallesttowerisCNTowerToronto(Canada).
    BusiestairportisOHareInternationalAirport(USA).
    OldestcapitalcityisDamascus(Syria).
    LargestconstellationisHydra.
    FastestbirdisPregrineFalcon.
    LargestmetropolitanisMexicoCity.
    BiggestparkisthewoodBuffalonationalpark.
    DensestpopulationisofBangladesh.
    LongestcanalisVolgaBatliccanal.
    Longestday21JuneandshortestdayDecember21.
    LargestdiamondisCullinan.
    LongestbigshipcanalisSuezCanal.
    ThesmallestoceanisArcticOcean.
    Reticulatedpythonisthelongestsnakeintheworld.
    Urengoi(Russia)isthelargestnaturalgasreserved.
    TheBamboohasthefastestgrowthrate.Itgrowsupto3feetin24hours.
    TransSiberianrailwaylineisthelongestintheworld.
    Roxyisthebiggestcinemahouseoftheeworld.ItislocatedinNewYour(UnitedState).
    ThelargesttelescopeoftheworldcalledKeckI,islocatedinHawaii(USA).
    JeanBernardisthedeepestcaveinFrance.
    ThefastestflyingbirdintheworldisFalcon.
    LargestpeninsulaisArabianPeninsula.
    MarianaTrenchisthedeepestpartofPacific.
    ThelongestrailwaystationislocatedinJapan.
    PolusNedostupnostiristhecoldestplaceonearth.
    TallestLighthouseSteelMarineTowerisinJapan.
    ThebiggestdeltaintheworldistheSunderbans
    ThecitywhichisthebiggestcentreformanufactureofautomobilesintheworldisDetroit,USA
    TheriverwhichcarriesmaximumquantityofwaterintotheseaistheMississippi
    VolentinaTreshkova(USSR)wasthefirstwomanastronautwhoorbitedtheearthintheyear1983.
    TheAmericanastronautNeilArmstrongwasthefirstmantostepsonthesurfaceofmoonon21July1969.
    LargestproducerofsilverisMexico.
    ThelargestproducerofcarpetisIran.
    ThelargestproducerofcheeseisUSA.
    ThelargestproducerofcottonisUSA.
    ThelargestproducerofJuteisBangladesh.
    ThelargestproducerofRiceisChina.
    ThelargestproducerofSilkisChina.
    ThelargestproducerofSteelisUSA.
    ThelargestproducerofSugarisIndia.
    ThelargestproducerofTeaisIndia.
    ThelargestproducerofWheatisUSA.
    ThelargestproducerofWoolisAustralia.
    ThelargestproducerofgoldisSouthAfrica.
    ThelargestproducerofoilisSaudiArabia.
    Thelargestproducerofcoffee
    ThelargestproduceroftinisMalaysia.
    TheworldsleadingbankingcenterisZurich.
    MostSpokenLanguageisChinese.
    WorldslargestfishcatchingcountryisChina.
    MuhammadFathullahKhanKandaharistranslation:Printedin1861,Bhopal,India,Itisthefirstknown
    translationoftheholyQuraninPashto
    ThefirsttranslationoftheQuranintoaWesternlanguagewasmadeintoLatin.Itwascarriedoutby
    RobertusRotenesisandHermannusDalmatain1143
    SouthChinaSeaisthelargestsea.
    WhatcountryistheworldleaderinCobaltMiningZaire
    WhatanimalhasthebesthearingBats
    WhatcountryhadthefirstbanknotesSwedenChinapapernotbanknotes
    Wherewastheworldsfirstsupermarketbuilt(country)France
    WhichcountrygrowsthemostsugarBrazil
    NamethelargestMediterraneanislandSicily
    WhowasthefirstBritishmonarchtovisitAmericaGeorgeVIin1939
    Whatcountryconsumesthemostmeatpercapita124lbArgentina
    WhatistheworldslargestfoodcompanyNestle
    Whichofthefollowingistheworldslargestcityinarea?MountIsa(Australia)/NewYork(chk)
    Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasthelargestareaofforest?Russia
    WhereistheworldstallestPagodalocated?China
    WhichofthefollowingisthelargestGulfintheworld?GulfofMexico
    In1901whofirsttransmittedradiosignalsacrossAtlantic:Marconi
    Whichcountryhasthesmallestbirthrate:VaticanCity
    Whichcountrywasthefirsttointroduceoldagepensions:Germany
    WhopilotedthefirstflightacrosstheEnglishchannel:LouisBleriot
    WhatwasthefirstJamesBondfilm:DrNo
    Whichcountrysetuptheworldsfirstchemistrylabin1650:Netherlands
    Whichcountrywasthefirsttoabolishcapitolpunishment1826RussiaCzarNicholasSiberiainstead
    WhatcountryisnearesttotheNorthPole:Greenland
    WhowerethefirstpeopletomeasuretheyearBabylonians
    WhowasCanadasfirstprimeministerSirJohnMacDonald
    Whatistheworldsoldestmonotheisticreligion:Judaism
    InwhatcityistheworldslargestcarpetmanufacturerKashmir
    WhatistheworldslargestherbBanana
    WhatcountryproducesthemosttobaccointheworldChina
    WhatcountryhasthemostelephantsTanzania
    WhowasthefirstwomantoreceiveTheOrderofMerit1907FlorenceNightingale
    WhatcountryhasthemostPostOfficesIndia
    WherewasthefirstMissWorldcontestheldin1951London
    WhatcountryhastheworldslargestmerchantnavyLiberia
    WhatcountryconsumesthemostteapercapitaIreland
    WhatcountryhastheworldsoldestNationalAnthemNetherlands
    WhatcityhastheworldsbiggesttaxifleetMexicoover60000
    WhatanimalismentionedmostintheBibleSheep
    WhatisofficiallythepoorestUSstateMississippi
    DELAGwastheworldsfirstwhatOct161909AirlinebyZeppelin
    Wherewasthefirstpoliceforceestablishedin1667Paris
    WhatistheworldtallesthorseShireHorse
    WhatbirdlaysthelargestclutchofeggsTheGreyPartridgeupto16
    TheKingCobraistheonlysnakethatdoeswhatBuildsaNest
    Worldsoldestexistingtreatyof1373betweenEnglandandwhoPortugal
    WhatisconsideredtobetheworldsfastestteamgameIceHockey
    WhatistheworldslargestairlineAeroflot
    WhichcityhadtheworldfirstpublicbusserviceParis
    PacificOceanisthelargestocean.
    ThelongesthighwayintheworldistheTransCanada
    ThelargestbellintheworldistheTsarKolkolatKremlin,Moscow
    ThebiggeststadiumintheworldistheStrahovStadium,Prague
    ThecountrywhichhasthegreatestpopulationdensityisMonaco
    ThefirstPresidentofEgyptwasMohammedNequib
    ThefirstmantoreachNorthPolewasRearPeary
    ThefirstPrimeministerofBangladeshwasMujiburRehman
    TheprimaryproducerofnewsprintintheworldisCanada
    ThefirstexplorertoreachtheSouthPolewasCap.RonaldAmundson
    TheairplanewasusedinwarforthefirsttimebyItalians(14Oct.1911)
    UnitedStatehasmostTVstationsintheworld.
    Chinahasmostlandfrontierswithneighboringcountries.
    Tokyoisthelargestmetropolitancity.
    ThefirstmantocircumnavigatetheworldwasMagellan.
    TheworldspoorestcountrywithalowestpercapitaincomeisRwanda.
    SaudiArabiaisno.1oilproducingcountryintheworld
    Hingolisthelargestriverintheworld.
    AfterUSA,Franceisthebiggestarmssellerintheworld.
    ThemaximumpresentationintheEuropeanparliamentisheldbyGermany.
    FirsttesttubebabyLouiseBrown(England)wasbornin1978.
    OldestathletetowinOlympictitlein1920belongstoUSA.
    YoungestOlympicchampion,BarbarapearlJonesbelongedtoUSA.
    USAisthelargestnuclearelectricpowerproducingcountryintheworld.Itproduces98,784MWelectricity
    whichisabout30%ofthetotalnuclearelectricitygeneratedintheworld.
    KilaueasituatedinHawaii(US)isthemostactivevolcanooftheworld
    RobertE.Perry(18561920)anAmericanexplorerreachedNorthPoleon6thApril,1909forthefirsttime
    inhumanhistory.
    InwhatcountrywastheworldsfirstwildlifesanctuarysetupSriLanka3rdcentBC
    LongestlandfrontierisofChina.
    Highest%oflandundercultivationisinIndia.
    WorldsoldestuniversityalAzharisinEgypt.
    SmallestcontinentisAustralia.
    YumlocatedinArizona(USA)isthesunniestplaceoftheworld.Itgetssunshinein91%possiblehours
    ThelongestcontinuouswarwasthethirtyyearwarbetweenvariousEuropeancountriesfrom1618to
    1648.WhiletheshortestcontinuouswarwasbetweenUKandZanzibar,whichlastedfrom90amto9:45
    amon27thaugust1896.
    Chinahadthemaximumnumber(861878)ofprimaryschools.Indiawasatthetopwith241,129secondary
    schoolsin1994.
    USAisthecountrywith109nuclearreactors,followedbyfrance56,japan51
    Whichcountrygrowsthemostfruit:China
    VicolodellavirilitaofItalyistheworldsnarroweststreet.
    CanalStreetisthewideststreetinUSA.
    Fastestanimalischeetah.
    SlowestanimalisSnail2to3feetperminute.
    BiggestbellisGreatbellatMoscow.
    FastestbirdisIndianswift.
    LargestbirdisOstrich.
    SmallestbirdisHelenashummingbird.
    BirdthatnevermakesitsnestisCuckoo.
    WinglessbirdisKiwi.
    LongestcanalistheVolgaBaltic.
    HighestcapitalisLaPaz(Bolivia).
    DeepestcaveisReseauJeanBernard(France).
    BiggestcinemahouseisRoxy(NewYork).
    LargestChurchisEpiscopalianDiocese(NewYork).
    Biggestcity(bypopulation)isTokyo.
    CitylargestbyareaisKiruna(Sweden).
    LargestcontinentisAsia.
    SmallestcontinentisAustralia.
    LargestcoralformationisTheGreatBarrierReef(Australia).
    LongestcorridorisRameshwaramtemplecorridor.
    HighestcountryisChina(Tibetregion).
    LargestcountrybypopulationisChina.
    LargestcountrybyareaisRussia.
    SmallestcountrybyareaisVaticanCityState.
    HighestdamisRogunsky.
    LargestconcretedamisTheGrandCoulee,USA.
    LongestDayinNorthernHemisphereis21stJune.
    ShortestDayinNorthernHemisphereis22ndDec:
    LargestDeltaisSundarbands(Bangladesh).
    HottestdesertisLibyanSahara.
    LargestdesertisSahara(Africa)33,20,000sq.miles.
    HighestdesertisAtacama(Chile).
    LargestdiamondisCullinan.
    LargestdiamondmineisKimberley(SouthAfrica).
    LargestdomeisofAstrodome,Houston(USA).
    BiggestflowerisRafflesia(Java,Indonesia).
    Lightestgasishydrogen.
    LongestglacierisLambert(Antarctica).
    LargestgulfisGulfofMexico.
    LargestgorgeisGrandCanyon.
    HottestplaceisDalol(Ethiopia).
    LargestIslandisGreenland.
    LargestundergroundlakeisDrachenhauchlochcave(Arizona).
    LargestmanmadelakeisLakeMeadArizona.
    BiggestlibraryisCongressLibrary(USA).
    LongestlifespanofanimalisofGianttortoise.
    LargestmammalisBluewhale.
    HighestmeltingpointisofTungsten,3410C.
    TallestMinaretisQutubMinar(Delhi)238feet.
    LargestmosqueisShahFaisalMosque,Islamabad.
    HighestmountainpeakisMt.Everest(Himalaya).
    TallestmountainrangeisTheHimalayarangewith96ofworlds109tallestpeaks.
    LongestmountainrangeisAndes(SouthAmerica).
    BiggestmuseumisBritishMuseum(London).
    LargestCommercialOceanisAtlanticOcean.
    YoungestoceanisAtlanticOcean.
    Mediterrianseameansseainthemiddleofland.
    SaltiestoceanisMediterraneanOcean.
    OceanshrinkingandgrowingisAtlanticOcean.
    FastestoceanswimmerisSailfish(68mph).
    BiggestpalaceisVatican.
    BiggestparkistheWoodBuffaloNationalPark,Alberta,Canada.
    BiggestpassengertrainisQueenElizabeth(UK).
    LargestpeninsulaisSaudiArabia.
    ColdestplaceisVerkhoyansk(Russia).
    DriestplaceisDeathValley(California).
    HottestplaceisAziziaLibyaAfrica.
    LongestrailwayplatformisKhargpur,India
    HighestplateauisPamir,Tibet.
    LongestpoisonoussnakeisKingCobra.
    LargestportisRotterdam(Netherlands).
    LargestrailwaystationisGrandCentralTerminal.
    LongestrailwaylineisTransSiberianRailway.
    RainiestspotisCherrapunji.
    LargestmanmadereservoirisAngaraRiverRussia.
    LargestriverbasinisAmazonRiver.
    LongestriverdamisHirakudDamIndia.
    LargestriverinvolumeisAmazon(Brazil).
    LongestriverisNile(Egypt).
    LargestseabirdisAlbatross.
    LargestspacecentreisCapeKennedy(USA).
    LargeststadiumisStrahoStadiumPrague.
    TalleststatueisStatueofLiberty(NY).
    LargestsuspensionbridgeisVerazanoNarrows,NY.
    LongestswimmingcourseisEnglishChannel,UK.
    BroadeststraitisMozambique.
    LongeststraitisMalacca.
    BiggestTelescopeisAstroPhysicalObservatory.
    LargesttempleisAngkorVat(Cambodia).
    LongestnonstoptrainisFlyingScotman.
    HighesttownisWenchuan,Tibet(China).
    TallesttowerisCNNTower,Toronto,USA.
    LongestroadtunnelisSeikan(Japan).
    HighestvolcanoisCotapaxi(Ecuador).
    LargestvolcanoisMaunaLoa(Hawaii)
    Philippineshasthegreatestnumberofvolcanoesintheworld.
    LongestwallisGreatWallofChina1550mileslong.
    HighestwaterfallisAngel(Venezuela)
    LowestbodyofwaterisDeadSea.
    BiggestzooisEtoshaNationalPark,Namibia.
    In2650thefirstPyramidwasbuiltinEgypt.
    In776FirstOlympicGameswereplayedinGreece.
    AlexanderinvadedIndiainbattleofHydaspes.
    EmperorTheodesiusbannedtheOlympicGames.
    SunandMoonpyramidsareinMexico.
    RocktemplewasbuiltatJerusalem.
    ThelargestteaproducingcountryisIndia.
    USAhasthelargestproductionofaluminium.
    RainfallrelatedtomountainsisOrographicrainfall.
    Lakesgivethesourceofterrestrialmoisture.
    BangladeshhasadisputeovertheconstructionofadamonNaafRiverwithMyanmar.
    AlargecoralreefcontainingislandsencompassingaseawaterlagoonisnamedAtoll.
    Thelargestbasinsinthefaceoftheearthareoceans.Basinisalowlandarea.
    SriLankaisnotalandlockedcountry.
    ThethinnestearthlayerisCrust.
    ThenameofthesecondhighestAfricanpeakisMountKenya.
    NameofthesecondlargestriverofAfricaisTheCongo.
    SundarbansForestsareworldslargestmangroveforests.
    KhunjraPassconnectsPakistanwithChina.
    Watersourcebeneaththeearthflowingnaturallyiscalledspring.
    Canadaleadsintheworldinproductionofasbestos.
    BachendriPalisthefirstIndianwomantoscaleMountEverst.
    BorgeOuslandisaNorwegianexplorer.HebecamethefirstpersontowalkacrosstheAntarcticcontinent
    aloneandunsupported.
    Brazilisthelargestproducerofcoffeeintheworld.
    Chileisthelargestcopperproducingcountryintheworld.
    ThecountrywheredeathrateislowestintheworldisJapan.
    LargestGingerproducingnationisIndonesia.
    LithuaniawasthefirstSovietRepublicoftheformerSovietUnionwhichdeclareditselfindependent.
    MadagaskaristhelargestislandintheIndianOcean.
    FerdinandMagellancommandedthefirstexpeditionin15190tosailroundtheworldanddiscovered
    passagetothePacificfromtheAtlantic.Heprovedthattheshapeoftheearthisround.
    IndialeadsinexportofMicaintheworld.
    LongestOpticalFibreisbetweenSingaporeandMarseilles.
    Dr.IanWilmutiscreditedwithfirstclonedsheep.
    NewZealandwasthefirstcountrytoproposeCarbonTaxtoaddressglobalwarming.
    SuezCanalisthelargestshipcanalintheworld.ItjoinsRedSeawithMediterraneanSea.Theplanofthe
    SuezCanalwasconceivedbyFerdinanddeLesseps.
    LargestsugarproducingcountryisIndiasecondisBrazil.
    Cubaisthehighestproducerofsugarcaneintheworld.
    InNovember2005,AfricasfirstwomanheadofstatewaselectedinMozambique.HernameisLuisa
    DiogoofFELIMOparty.
    Amazonisthelargestriveroftheworld.
    TheNorthAtlanticRouteisthelargestandbusiestoftheoceantraderoutes.
    MostSubwaysinthecountry..USA
    Whatcityhasthelongestmetrosystem:London
    USAhasmostroadswhatcountryhassecondmost:India
    ChinastartedCivilServiceExaminationfirstofallin6A.D.
    Whichofthefollowingisthelargestsugarproducingcountryintheworld?Brazil
    WorldsoldestregligionisHinduism.
    WorldslargestreligionisChristianity.
    WorldssecondmostpopulouscityisMexicocity.
    FirsttosailaroundtheworldwasFerdinandMagallan
    LargestnumberofPalestinianrefugesareinJordan.
    KazakistanisthelargestcountryinCentralAsia.
    LargestlandlockedcountryinworldisMangolia.
    BiggestoilrefineryisatAbadan(Iran).
    Detroit(USA)isfamousforcarmanufacturing.
    Glasgowisbiggestshipbuildingcentre.
    Havanaisfamousforcigarmanufacturing.
    EuropesonlyIslamicstateisAlbania.
    NewzealandisclosetoInt:DateLine.
    Inwhichcitythereisthelargeststockexchangeoftheworld?NewYork.
    OldestSearchEngineisYahoo
    BirdlargestinsizeOstrich
    OldestparliamentintheworldAlthing(Iceland)
    ThelastKingofAfghanistanZahirShah
    FirstpersontowalkacrosstheAntarcticcontinentalonewasBorgeOusland.
    Aqualineistheworldslongestunderseatunnel(15.1kmlong)bridgeandtunnelexpresswayformotor
    vehiclesacrossTokyoBay.
    Arabiaisthelargespeninsula.
    OnlyHindukingdominWorldisNepal.
    Whowasthefirstmantoflyacrossthechannel:LouisBleriot
    WhatisthelargeststateintheUSA:Alaska
    WhichofthefollowingcountriesofSouthWestAsialeadsintheproductionofoil?SaudiArabia
    Whichcountrygrowsthemostpotatoes:Russia
    Whatlanguagehasthemostwords:English
    WhatisthesmalleststateofAustraliaTasmania
    ParisandWhatothercapitalhadtheworldsfirsttelephonelinkBrussels
    WhatisthelargestcountryinAfricaSudan
    WhatwastheworldsfirstpassengerjetaircraftComet
    Inwhatcitywastheworldsfirstbloodbankopened1940NewYorkRichardCharlesDrew
    WhatcountyfirstusedpepperChina
    WhatistheoldestknownscienceAstronomy
    WhatisthelastelementAlphabeticallyZirconium
    WhatistheworldsmostpopularfirstnameMohammed
    Whatisthefastestswimmingoceanfishover60mphSailfishMarlin
    People`srepublicofchinahasthelargestarmyoftheworld.
    ThelargesttidesoftheworldoccurinBayoffundy(canada).
    SudanisthelargestcountryinAfrica.
    Mumbaiisthemostpopulouscity.
    KhanMehtarzaiisthehighestrailwaystationinAsia.
    MaximumquantitiesofdiamondsarefoundinAfrica.
    ThehighestrainfallforonemonthwasrecordedatIndiantownofCherapoonje.366,14inchesrainfell
    thereduringthemonthofjuly1861.
    Lightisthefastestthingintheuniverse.Ittravelsataphenomenalspeedof187,000milespersecond.
    ThelargesttidesoftheworldoccurinBayofFundy(canada).
    TaklaMakanisinChinaisthedriestdesertinAsia.
    LargestearthquakefatalitiesoccurredinIzmir,Turkeyin1999.
    Breitlingorbiter3wasthefirstballoontoflynonstoparoundtheworld.
    KingofMalaysiaistheonlykingintheworldwhoiselectedfor5yearsterm.
    LargestoilcompanybelongtoUSAisTheEcxonCorporation.
    ThebusiestshoppingcentreofLondonisOxfordStreet
    ThepanchPokhriLakesituatedintheHimalayaMountainsisthehighestlakeintheworld.
    SierraLeonehasthelowestGDPpercapitaof510USdollarsandLuxembourghasthehighestGDPper
    capitaof36,400USdollars.
    People`srepublicofchinahasthelargestarmyoftheworld.
    TheRoyalMajestyshipQueenElizabeth(UK)isthelargestpassengershipintheworld.Itis314metres
    longand36metreswide.
    TheCambodianlanguageisalanguagewhichhasatotalnumberof74alphabets.
    TheSumeriancivilizationisconsideredtobetheoldestcivilizationoftheworld.
    Jericho,situatedintheJordenvalleyistheoldesttownoftheworld.
    Themaximumevertemperatureof136.4Fwasrecordedonseptember13,1922inthecityAzizia(Libya)
    andTheminimumtemperatureof129.6FwasrecordedinthetownofVostoknearAntarcticaon24th
    august,1960.
    WorldwidemostcapitolcitiesbeginwithwhichletterB
    WhobuilttheworldsfirstfilmstudioThomasAlvaEdison
    WhereistheworldslargestmineCarletonvilleSouthAfrica
    WhatisthebiggesttouristattractioninZambiaVictoriafalls
    Whatcountryconsumesthemostcoffeepercapita25LbFinland
    OilisthemosttradedproductintheworldwhatisthesecondCoffee
    WhichcountrymakesthemostfilmsperyearIndia
    WhatstheworldslongestrailjourneymadenotrainchangeMoscowPeking
    WhatwasthefirstsporttobefilmedBoxingbyThomasEdison1894
    NamethefirstfilmtohaveitssequelreleasedinthesameyearKingKongSonofKong
    WhatcitiesundergroundhasthemoststationsNewYork
    firstmantosetfootonallfivecontinentsCaptainCook
    WhowasthepilotinthefirstfatalaircrashOrvilleWright
    WherewastheworldsfirstoilwelldrilledPennsylvania
    WhatcountrydrinkthemostmilkpercapitaIceland
    WhatcountryconsumesthemostfishpercapitaJapan
    WhatwasthefirstcountrytorecognisetheUSasindependentMorocco
    OnwhataretheworldssmallestpaintingspaintedPinHeads
    WhowasthefirstpersontowearawristwatchQueenElizabeth1st

    FATHERSOFDIFFERENTFIELDS
    FatherofmodernchemistryisJabirbinHayyan
    FatherofbotanyisTheofrastus
    FatherofbiologyisAristotle
    JamesHuttoniscalledthefatherofmoderngeology.
    Thefrastusiscalledasfatherofbotany.
    FatherofHomeopathyisHeinemann.
    FounderofphysicalchemistryArrhenius.
    CopernicusisknownastheFatherofAstronomy.
    GreekwriterHerodotusiscalledfatherofHistory.
    WhoisknownasThefatherofEnglishpoetry13401400GeoffreyChaucer
    Aristophanesiscalledfatherofcomedy.
    CharlesbabbageiscalledFatherofcomputer
    AdamsmithiscalledFatherofeconomics

    DISCOVERIESANDINVENTIONS
    Galileowasfirsttodiscoverrotationofearth
    KohlerandMilsteindiscoveredmonoclonalantibodies.

    PhotographywasinventedbyMathewBarry
    AlbertSabininventedPoliovaccine(oral)
    DmitryIvanovichMendeleyev(Russian)publishedhisfirstversionofperiodictablein1869.
    XraymachinewasinventedbyJamesClark
    ArthurCamptondiscoveredxraysandCosmicrays.
    ChadwickdiscoveredNeutron
    TelescopewasinventedbyGalileo
    PenicillinwasdiscoveredbyAlexanderFleming
    NoblegasesdiscoveredbyCavendish
    GunpowderwasfirstinventedinChina
    VelocityoflightwasmeasuredbyMichelson
    ArchimedesgavelawsaboutFloatationofBodies
    BalloonflyupinairaccordingtoArchimedessprinciple
    Dr.ChristianBernardwasfirsttoperformhearttransplantin1967incapetown(SA)
    FirstmantoreceiveartificialheartwasDr.BarneyB.Clark
    BarometerwasinventedbyPascal
    RobertHookdiscoveredCellin1665
    AspirindiscoveredbyDresser
    AtomictheorygivenbyDalton
    AtomicnumbergivenbyMosley
    BacteriabyLeeunhock
    BloodcirculationbyWilliamHarvey
    CalculusbyNewton
    Co2byFishcer
    ChlorinebyK.Scheele
    OxygenbyPriestley
    HydrogenbyCavandish
    SuperconductorbyBendnorzandMullerin1987andwereawardedNobelPrize
    CottonginwasinventedbyEliWhitney.
    ChloroformbyGuthrie
    DeuteriumbyHarlod
    DynamitebyAlfredB.Nobel
    DNAbyWatsonCrick
    GenebyJohanson
    ChromosomesbyWaldyar
    ElectricresistancebyOhm
    ElectrolysisbyFaraday
    ElectronbyJ.J.Thomsonin1897
    NeutronbyChadwick
    ProtonbyRutherford
    PositronbyAnderson
    OzonebyEchonbein
    PlanetarymotionbyKepler
    RadioactivitybyBacquerel
    RadiumbyCurrie
    InsulinbyBanting&Best
    HumanhearttransplantbyBernard
    Vaccine(measles)byPeebles
    Vaccine(polio)bySalk
    Vaccine(rabies)byLouisPasteur
    Vaccine(smallpox)byEdwardJenner
    CauseofMalariawasdiscoveredbyRonaldRoss
    AddingmachineinventedbyPascal
    AtomBombbyOttoHahn
    AirBrakebyGeorgeWashington
    AirConditioningbyH.Carier
    Airplane(withmotor)byWrightBothers
    Airplane(jetengine)byOhain
    Automobile(electric)byWilliamMorrison
    Automobile(differentialgear)byBenz
    BakelitebyLeoHendricksBackland
    BalloonbyMontGolfer
    BarometerbyTorricelli
    Bicycle(modern)byStarley
    BifocallensbyBenjaminFranklin
    Burner(gas)byBunsen
    Calculatingmachine(digital)byCharlesBabbage
    Camera(photographic)byJosefN.Niepce
    CarburetorbyDaimler
    CementbyJosephAspidin
    CircuitbreakerbyHilliard
    Computer(electronic)byJ.P.EckertandJ.W.Mauckly
    DieselenginebyRudolfDiesel
    DigitalcamerawasinventedbyEastmanKodak.
    GasenginebyDaimler
    Electricfanbywheeler
    ElectricflatironbyHenrySealy
    ElectricgeneratorbyHippolytePixie
    ElectricmotorbyMichaelFaraday
    MotorA.CbyTesla
    MotorD.CbyDevinPort
    ElectricshaverbyW.S.Hadaway
    ElectricvaccumcleanerbyJamesSpangler
    ElectromagnetbyWilliamSturgeon
    ElectronMicroscopebyVladimirZwryin
    Microscope(compound)byJanessenandLeeuhock
    FlyingshuttlebyJohanKay
    GunpowderbyRogerBacon
    Gasengine(fourcycle)byOttoandDaimler
    HelicopterbySikorsky
    InterneralcombustionenginebyDaimler
    JetenginebyFrankWhittle
    KnittingMachinebyWilliamLee
    Lamp(incadecent)byThomasEdision
    Montgoflierinventedballoon.
    Talbotinventedphotographicpaper.
    Dickensoninventedpapermachine.
    Blanchardinventedparachute.
    Coltsinventionispistol.
    Howewastheinventorofsewingmachine.
    Lamp(mercury)byHewit
    Laser(practical)byGordonGould
    Laser(operable)byT.H.Mainman
    MachinegunbyGatling
    Match(safety)byPasch
    MicrophonebyGrahamBell
    Motionpictures(camera)byEdison
    MotorcyclebyDaimler
    MotorscooterbyBradsha
    ParachutebyGarnerin
    Pen(fountain)byWaterman
    Pen(ballpoint)JohnLoudBiro
    PhotoelectriccellbyJuliusElster
    PianobyChristopher
    Printingpress(screwtype)byGutenBerg
    RadarbyWatsonWatt
    Railway(electric)byWernerSiemens
    RazorsafetybyGillette
    Razor(electric)byJacobSchick
    RefrigeratorbyFerdinandCarre
    RevolverbySamuelSolt
    RiflebyAugustKotter
    Rifle(automatic)byJohnMosesBrowning
    RocketEnginebyGoddard
    SafetypinbyWalterHunt
    SewingMachinebyEliasHoweandThomasSaint
    StainlesssteelbyHerryBrearley
    StreamboatbyAbbans
    SubmarinebyHolland
    TankmilitarybySwinton
    TelephonebyGrahamBell
    RadiobyMarconi
    Telescope(reflecting)byGalileo
    Telescope(refracting)byNewton
    Television(mechanical)byJ.L.Baird
    Television(electric)byFransworth
    ThermometerbyGalilo
    Termomter(mercury)byFarhenheit
    TractorbyRobertKeeley
    TransformerbyWilliamStanley
    TransistorbyWilliamShockley
    TypewriterbyHenryMill
    Washingmachine(electric)byAlvaFisher
    Washingmachine(manual)byHamiltonE.Smith
    Welding(electric)byE.Thomson
    Zipper(meshedtooth)byGideonSundback
    CelciusdevisedCentrigradescale
    BacteriawerediscoveredbyLouisPasture.
    Ramsaydiscoveredinertgas.
    ProtonwasdiscoveredbyGoldstein
    Whoiscreditedwiththedevelopmentofpoliovaccine?JonasSalk
    ChristopherCockerelinventedwhat:Hovercraft
    Theelectricchairwasinventedbyadentist
    BardeenandBrattindiscoveredSemiconductor
    WhatwasinventedbyJamesDewerin1872:Vacuumorthermosflask
    AtomBomb(UraniumFission)wasinventedbyOttoHahnin1941.
    Electronwasdiscoveredin1897.
    Oxygenwasdiscoveredin1774.
    TomasAEdisonwasAmerican.
    XraysandCosmicrayswerediscoveredbyArthurCompton.
    PrintingpresswasinventedbyJohannGutenberg.
    GramophonewasinventedbyEmileBerliner.
    BloodpressurewasdiscoveredbyWilliamHarvey.
    MagnifyingglasswasinventedbyRogerBacon.
    InsulinwasdiscoveredbyBanting.
    MichaelFaradayinventedElectricMotorinbelongedtoEngland.
    ECGinventedbyEinthogen.
    ColumbusDayisobservedon2ndMondayinOctober.
    In1774OxygenwasdiscoveredbyPriestly.
    In1589WilliamLeeinventedknittingmachine.
    Morethan2000yearsagoaRomanRulerJuliusCaesarinventedthecalendarthatweusetoday.
    Lipstickwasfirstintroducedin1915inAmerica.
    Zipperswereintroducedin1890.
    ChinawasdiscoveredbyMarcoPolo.
    SearoutefromEuropetoIndiawasdiscoveredbyVascodeGama.
    CanadawasdiscoveredbyJacquesCartier.
    AustraliawasdiscoveredbyWilliamJonzoon.
    ParachutewasinventedbyL.SLenormandin1783.
    BoxCamerawasinventedbyG.Eastmanin1988.
    ElectricGeneratorwasinventedbyHippolytePixilintheyear1832.HebelongedtoFrance.
    In1907ElectricWashingMachinewasinventedbyanAmericannamedA.J1916.
    MotorcyclewasinventedbyGottliebDaimlerin1885,hebelongedtoGermany.
    FirstpersontoreachNorthPolewasRobertE.Peray.
    DynamowasinventedbyFaradayintheyearof1831.
    On14thDec1911SouthPolewasdiscoveredbyArmunden.
    AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492,hebelongedtoItaly.
    SearoutetoIndiawasdiscoveredbyVascodaGamain1498,hebelongedtoProtugese.
    SandwichIsland(nowcalledHawaiianIsland)wasdiscoveredbyCaptaincookin1770,hebelongedto
    English.
    SuezCanalwasdesignedbyFrenchEngineerFerdianddeLessepsin1869.
    SolarSystemwasdiscoveredbyCopernicusin1540,hebelongedtoPoland.
    PlanerymotionwasdiscoveredbyKeplerin1600,hebelongedtoGermany.
    ArtificialradioactivitywasdiscoveredbyMadamJolietandIreneCuriein1934.
    AtomicnumberwerediscoveredbyMosleyin1913.
    AtomictheorywasgivenbyDaltonin1803.
    WhoinventedwaxpaperThomasEdison
    AtomicStructurewasstudiedbyBohrandRutherfordin1913.
    CircumferenceoftheearthwascalculatedbyJeanPicard.
    CurrentElectricitywasinventedbyVoltain1800,hebelongedtoItaly.
    CauseofyellowfeverwasdiscoveredbyReedin1900.
    DiscoveryofOxygenwasmadebyJ.Priestlyin1774.
    Deuterium(HeavyHydrogen)wasdiscoveredbyH.CUreyin1932.
    DiscoveryofElectronwasmadebyJ.JThomsonin1897.
    DynamitewasmademyAlfredNoble,hebelongedtoSweden.
    FundamentallawsofelectricalattractionwasmadebyCoulomb.
    HydrogenwasdiscoveredbyCavendishin1766.
    InductionofelectriccurrentwasdiscoveredbyMichaedFarradayin1841.
    IncandescentbulbwasmadebyEdisonin1860.
    IntelligencetestsweremadebyBinetin1905.
    Laughinggas(Nitrousoxide)wasdiscoveredbyPriestly.:
    ChromosomeswerediscoveredbyHofmeister.
    OttoHahminventedA.Bomb.
    WrightBrothersinventedAeroplane.
    W.Shockleydiscoveredtransistor.
    ChristianBarnardwaspioneerinhearttransplantation.
    WilliamHarveydiscoveredCirculationofblood.
    Ramsaydiscoveredinertgas.
    Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyanimalsintogroups.
    Theophrastusisregardedasthefatherofbotany.
    HydrogenwasdiscoveredbyHenryCavandish.
    ProtonwasdiscoveredbyGoldstein.
    Thomsondiscoveredelectron.
    CommercialcorkisobtainedfromQuercus.
    BacteriawerediscoveredbyLouisPasture.
    In1803,theEnglishScientistJohnDaltondescribedtheatomasthesmallestunitofanelement.
    In1897J.JThomsondiscoveredelectron,negativecharges.
    In1911ErnestRutherford,aNewZealanderlivinginBritain,carriedoutexperimentwithatomicparticles.
    Scientistuseenormousmachinecalledparticleacceleratortodiscoverandfindoutaboutsubatomic
    particles.
    ErnestRutherfordin1908,withtheequipmentdiscoveredtheatomicnucleus.
    HansGeiger(18821945)inventedtheGeigerCounterusedtomeasureradioactivity.
    Thescientistwhodesignedthefirstinternalcombustionengineusedtoburnlowgradefuel.
    FrancoisIsaacdeRivaz
    Thescientistwhodiscoveredwater:AntoineLavoisier(Chk)
    Nitricacid__acidwasdiscoveredbyJabbarbinHayyan.(HCLwasalsodiscoveredbyhim)
    WhatcalculatingaidwasinventedbyWilliamOughtredin1662:SlideRule
    WhatwasinventedbyJamesDewerin1872:Vacuumorthermosflask
    FredrickSangerdiscoveredwhichmedicallifesaver:Insulin
    WhoinventedScissorsLeonardoDaVinci
    In1902WhatdidMaryAndersoninventWindscreenWipers
    ThetechniquetoproducethefirsttesttubebabywasevolvedbyPatrickStepoteandRobertEdwards
    SumitoninventedTank.
    TheveryfirstelectriclightwasinventedinScotlandin1835byJamesLindsay.
    ThemoleculartheoryofmatterwasexperimentallytestifiedbyRobertBrown.
    ThetheoryofinheritanceofacquiredcharacterswaspropoundedbyJ.B.Lamarck
    WhatwasinventedbyDrEdwardLandin1947:Polaroid
    Dr.JamesWatsondiscoveredthestructureofDNAin1953.
    StructureofDNAwasgivenbyWatsonandCrick.
    AirconditionerinventedbywillisH.carrierU.S.in1902.
    Camera(photographic)hasbeeninventedbyJosephN.NiepceFrancein1822.
    Thescientistwhodesignedthefirstinternalcombustionengineusedtoburnlowgradefuel.EtienneLenoir
    PioneersinScience

    AndersonDiscoveredpositiveelectrons.
    ArchimedesDiscoveryofthePrinciplesofleverandofspecificgravityinventionofthefamous
    Archimedeanscrew.
    AvogadroAnItalianscientistknownforAvogadrosHypothesis.
    BacquerelRadioactivityofuranium.
    BairdTelevision.
    BaronNapierLogarithms.
    BenjaminFranklinInventedlightningconductor.
    BessemerSteelsmeltingprocess.
    Bhabha,DrH.J.ResearchinCosmicraysandQuantumtheory.
    BinetIntelligenceTest.
    BirbalSahniResearchesinBotany.
    Bose,J.C.InventedCrescographandpublishedmanyworksonplantphysiology.Hediscoveredthat
    plantshavesenseandperception.
    Bose,S.N.DiscoveryofagroupofnuclearparticlesnamedafterhimBoson.
    BoyleBoyleslawPressurexvolume=constantataconstantgiventemperature.Boylewasthegreatest
    scientistofEnglandinhistime.
    BohrElectronTheoryAtomicstructure.
    Braun,DrWernhervonspaceflying.
    BunsenInventionofthespectroscope.
    CarothersNylonplastics.
    CavendishDiscoveryofchemicalcompositionofwaterdiscoveryofhydrogen(InflammableAir)rare
    gases.
    ChadwickDiscoveryoftheneutron.
    ChandrasekharMathematicalAstrophysics.
    CharlesDarwinTheoryofEvolutionOriginofSpecies.
    Clarke,ArthurC.ConceptofGeostationaryOrbit.
    Curie,MadameDiscoveryofradium.
    DaltonAtomictheorylawsofchemicalcombinationlawofpartialpressuresthelawofmultiple
    proportions.
    DemocritusGreekphilosopher(Atomictheory).
    DewarInventedcordite,liquidoxygenandintroducedthermosflask.
    EinsteinTheoryofrelativity.
    EuclidScienceofgeometry.
    FahrenheitFahrenheitmercurythermometricscaleinwhichfreezingpointis32andboilingpointis212.
    FaradayElectromagneticinductionandlawsofelectrolysis.
    FermiDiscoveredartificialsplittingofatoms.
    FreudDoctrineofPsychoanalysis.
    GayLussacLawofgases.
    GaussSystemofabsoluteelectricmeasurements.
    GoodYearDiscoveredtheartofvulcanisingrubber.
    Herschel,WilliamDiscoveredthePlanetUranus.
    HertzElectricalwaves.
    HippalusFounderofscientificastronomy.
    HoffmannDiscoveredthefirstanilinedye.
    Kelvin,LordDynamicaltheoryofheat.
    Khorana,DrHargobindDecipheringthegeneticcode.
    KodakFilmandphotographicgoods.
    LablancManufactureofwashingsoda.
    LawrenceInventionofcyclotron.
    LockyerHeliumgas.
    LouisBraillePerfectedhissystemofreadingandwritingfortheblind.
    MarconiWirelesstelegraphyradio.
    MariaMontessoriMontessorimethodofteachingchildren.
    MaxwellElectromagneticTheoryofLight.
    MeghnadSahaEffectofpressureonRadiationthroughbodies.
    MendelLawsofheredity.
    MandeleevPeriodicTable.
    MorseMorsesystemofelectrictelegraphy.
    NewtonLawsofgravitationLawofMotion.
    NobelDynamite.
    OliverLodgePhysicist.Researchesinwirelesscommunications.
    OppenheimerResearchesinatomictheory.
    OttoHahnDiscoveryofuraniumfission.
    ParkesCelluloid.
    ParsonsSteamturbine.
    PavlovTheoryofConditionedReflex.
    PerkinMauvedye.
    PitmanFoundedthePitmansystemofphonographicshorthand.
    PlanckQuantumtheory.
    PlimsollIntroducedalineofdemarcationontheshipsbeyondwhichtheshipscannotbeloaded.
    PriestleyDiscoveryofOxygen.
    Raman,C.V.RamanEffectonpolarisationoflightandtheoriesoncrystalsanddiamondformation.
    RamanathanMolecularscatteringoflightinfluids.
    RamanujamAgreatIndianmathematician.
    RamsayDiscoveryofInertgasessuchasArgon,Neon,Heliumetc.
    Ray,P.C.Researchesinchemistry.
    RegnaultExperimentsinregardtothephysicalpropertiesofbodiesandtheirrelationtoheat.
    RogerBaconGunpowder.
    RontgenDiscoveryofXrays.
    RohmkorffInductioncoil.
    RutherfordAtomicResearchsucceededinsplittingtheatomforthefirsttimein1918.
    ShalimarPaints.
    StephensonBritishengineerandpioneerinRailways.Hewasthefirsttoputalocomotiveonthelinethat
    wasabletodrawatrainof31carriages.
    Thomson,J.J.Discoveredelectron.
    TraversDiscoveryofNeongas(WorkingwithRamsay).
    UreyDiscoveryofHeavyHydrogen.
    VoltaCurrentelectricityandelectricbattery.
    PioneersinMechanicalInventionsandDiscoveries
    AustinMotorCar.
    Bell,GrahamTelephone.
    BerlinerMicrophone.
    BrequetHelicopter.
    BushwellSubmarine.
    CaxtonPrintingPress.
    ColtRevolver.
    DaimlerGasengine.
    DavyMinersSafetyLamp.
    DieselInternalCombustionengine(Dieselengine).
    DunlopPneumatictyre.
    EdisonFirstelectricbulbandgramophone.
    FaradayDynamo.
    FickLawofDiffusionFicksLaw.
    FrankWhittleJetpropulsion.
    FultonStreamboat.
    GalileoTelescope.
    GilletteSafetyrazor.
    GuttenburgArtofPrinting.
    HoeRotaryPrintingPress.
    HoweSewingMachine.
    HuygensPendulumclock.
    JamesWattSteamengine(patentedin1769).
    Landstrom,J.E.SafetyMatches.
    MacmillanBicycle(1842).
    MauserMagazineofrifle.
    MercatorCelestialandaterrestrialglobe.
    MontgolfierBalloon(1883)
    PascalCalculatingMachine.
    Puckle,JamesMachinegun
    ShockleyTransistor.
    SholesTypewriter.
    StephensonRailwayengine.
    SwintonMilitarytank.
    TorricelliBarometer.
    Watt,RobertWatsonRadar.
    W.&O.Wright(WrightBrothers)Aeroplane(1903).
    WatermanFountainpen.
    ZeissLensesCamera.
    Pioneersin
    MedicalInventionsandDiscoveries
    BantingInsulin(asapalliativefordiabetes).
    Barnard,ChristianReplacingthehumanheart.
    Brahmchari,U.M.CureofKalaazarfever.
    DavyIsolationofmetalsbyelectricitystudiedpropertiesofchlorine.
    DomagkSulphadrugsasbactericides.
    EijkmanCauseofBeriBeri.
    FinsenDiscoveredcurativeeffectofultravioletraysphotography.
    Fleming,AlexanderPenicillin(in1929).
    HarveyCirculationofblood.
    HahnemannHomoeopathy(founder).
    Hopkins,FrederickGowlandVitaminD.
    JennerSmallpoxVaccination.
    KochTubercleBacillus.
    LainnecStethoscope.
    Lister,LordAntiseptictreatment.
    Pasteur,LouisTreatmentofrabiescureofhydrophobia.
    RonaldRossMalariaParasite.
    Salk,JonasE.AntipolioVaccine.
    SimpsonandHarrisonChloroform.
    WaksmanStreptomycin.

    SCIENTIFICINSTRUMENTS
    Hydrometermeasureshumidity
    Barometermeasuresatmosphericpressure
    Purityofmilkismeasuredbylactometer
    Fathometermeasuresthedepthofoceans.
    SextantisusedformeasuringaltitudeofSunandotherheavenlybodies
    Chronometerrecordsaccuratetimeonships
    Algesimeterindicatesthedegreeofsensitivenessofskin
    Altimetermeasuresaltitudes
    Ammetermeasurescurrent
    Anemometerrecordsvelocityofwind
    Cyamometermeasuresbluenessofskyorocean
    Dasymetermeasuresdensityofgas
    Galvanometermeasuressmallelectriccurrent
    Hydrometermeasuresrelativedensityofliquids
    Hygrometermeasureshumidityinatmosphere
    Hypsometermeasuresatmosphericpressuretoascertainelevationsbydeterminingboilingpointofliquid.
    OrHypsometerisaninstrumentformeasuringtheheightabovesealevel.
    Manometermeasurespressureofgases
    Micrometermeasuresminutedistances
    Periscopeisusedforviewingobjectsaboveeyelevel
    Cyclotronisusedforelectromagneticaccelerationofchargedatoms
    Geigercounterisusedfordetectingandrecordingradioactivity.ItwasinventedbyHansGeiger
    (18821945)
    Pyrometermeasureshightemperatures
    Refrectometermeasuresrefractiveindexofasubstance
    Seismographmeasuresintensityofearthquake
    TelstartransmitswirelessorT.Vbroadcast
    Viscometermeasuresviscosityofliquids
    Spirographrecordsthemovementoflungs
    Photometermeasuresrateoftranspiration
    Scotographisusedforenblingblindtowrite
    Eratosthenesmeasuresdistanceroundtheearth
    Kaldioscopeshaveprovedhelpfulinfindingtheamountofdampnessinsoil
    Mohrsscalemeasuresdegreeofhardnessofminerals
    RBCandWBCisbloodsarecountedbyHemocytometer.
    Manometeristheinstrumentofmeasuringgaspressure.
    Spectrometerinstrumentformeasuringthespectrumoflight.
    Thevariationinthebloodflowcanbeheardwithaninstrumentcalled_stethoscope_
    WhatismeasuredbyaninterferometerWavelengthoflight
    Hydrophoneisusedformeasuringsoundunderwater.
    Magnometerisaninstrumentdesignedtocomparethemagneticmovementandfield.
    Potometerisusedtomeasuretherateofrespirationinanimalandplants.
    Formeasuringsolarradiationweusepyrheliometer.
    ActimometermeasuresdirectheatingpoweroftheSun.
    Ammeterisuseformeasuringcurrentstrength.
    Manometeristheinstrumentofmeasuringgaspressure.
    Spectrometerinstrumentformeasuringthespectrumoflight.
    Themeasurementofrainfallismadebyaninstrumentknownasraingauge
    WhatismeasuredwithanombrometerRainfall
    Theinstrumentusedtomeasureveryhightemperature:Infraredpyrometers
    Mechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy:Generator
    Heatenergyintomechanicalenergy:Heatengineorsteamengine.
    Electricalenergyintomechanicalenergy:ElectricalMotor
    Electricalenergyintosoundenergy:Loudspeaker
    Soundenergyintoelectricalenergy:Microphone
    Thedeviceusedtomeasureradioactivity:GeigerMullertube
    Thedevicewhichconvertsthechemicalenergyintoelectricalenergy:Battery
    Thedeviceusedtomeasureradioactivity.Geigercounter
    Hygrometerisinstrumentusedformeasuringhumidityofair.
    Heliscopeisusedforviewingthesun.
    WhatdoesapotometermeasureWaterintake
    ClinicalthermometerusuallymeasuresinFahrenheit.
    ActimometermeasuresdirectheatingpoweroftheSun.
    Ammeterisuseformeasuringcurrentstrength
    Voltammeterisanelectrolyticcellforconductingelectrolyticdissociationofelectrolyte.
    Whatdoesadrosomotermeasure:Dew
    Relativedensityofanatmosphereismeasuredbyhygrometer.
    Spirographisanapparatususedforrecordingthemovementofthelungs.
    Themaximumlimitofsoundbeyondwhichapersoncanbecomedeafis129lbs.
    CharlesKRhodesdevelopedanXRayemittinglaserin1990.
    Sonmeterisaninstrumentusedtostudythebehaviorofvibratingstring.
    Theinstrumentusedformeasuringthevelocityofwindisknownasanemometer.

    Altimeter:anapparatususedinaircraftformeasuringaltitudes.
    Ammeter:isusedfortomeasureintensityofsound.
    Anemometer:isaninstrumentformeasuringtheforceandvelocityofwind.
    Audiometer:aninstrumenttomeasureintensityofsound.
    Audiophone:isaninstrumentrequiredforimprovingimperfectsenseofhearing.
    Barograph:forcontinuousrecordingofatmosphericpressure.
    Barometer:isanapparatususedformeasuringtheatmosphericpressure.
    Binoculars:isaninstrumentusedforseeingdistantobjects,theraysoflightaretwicereflectedbymeansof
    rightangledprisms.
    Callipers:acompasswithlegsformeasuringtheinsideoroutsidediameterofbodies.
    Calorimeter:aninstrumentusedformeasuringquantitiesofheat.
    Carburettor:isanapparatusforchargingairwithpetrolvapoursinaninternalcombustionengine.
    Cardiogram:amedicalinstrumentusedfortracingthemovementsoftheheart.
    Cardiograph:isamedicalinstrumentfortracingheartmovements.
    Chronometer:isaninstrumentkeptonboardtheshipsformeasuringaccuratetime.
    Cinematograph:Itconsistsofaseriesoflensesarrangedtothrowonascreenanenlargedimageof
    photographs.Thelenssystemwhichformstheimageonthescreenistermedthefocusinglens.
    Commutator:splitringwhichformsthemainpartofaD.C.Dynamo.
    Compassneedle:forknowingapproximatelytheNorthSouthdirectionataplace.
    Crescograph:isaninstrumentforuseinrecordinggrowthofplantsinventedbyJ.C.Bose.
    DipCircle:Itisaninstrumentusedtodeterminetheanglebetweenthedirectionoftheresultantintensityof
    earthsfieldandthehorizontalcomponentataplace.Thisparticularangleisknowasthedipofthatplace.
    Drinkersapparatus:tohelpbreathingininfantileparalysis.
    Dynamo:TheoriginofelectricityinaDynamoisthetransformationofmechanicalenergyintoelectrical
    energy.Itdependsontheprincipleofelectromagneticinductionwherebyacurrentisproducedon
    traversingamagneticfield.
    Electroencephalograph(EEG):Itisthetechniqueofrecordingandinterpretingtheelectricalactivityofthe
    brain.Recordsoftheelectricalactivityofthebrain,commonlyknownasbrainwaves,arecalled
    electroencephalogramsorelectroencephalographs.EEGisthecommonabbreviationforboththetechnique
    andtherecords.
    Epidiascope:forprojectingfilmsaswellasimagesofopaquearticlesonascreen.
    Eudiometer:Itisaglasstubeformeasuringvolumechangesinchemicalreactionsbetweengases.
    Fathometer:isaninstrumentusedformeasuringdepthoftheocean.
    Galvanometer:aninstrumentformeasuringcurrentsofsmallmagnitude.
    G.M.Counter(GeigerMullerCounter):Thisspecialdeviceisusedfordetectingthepresenceofradiation
    andcountingcertainatomicparticles.
    Gramophone:aninstrumentwithwhichwecanreproducethesoundrecordedbyasuitablerecording
    apparatus.ItisfittedwithaspecialtypeofapparatusknownassoundboxinventedbyBerliner.
    Gravimeter:isaninstrumentforrecordingmeasurementunderwaterandtodeterminethepresenceofoil
    depositsunderwater.
    Gyroscope:isaninstrumentusedtoillustratedynamicsofrotatingbodies.Itisatypeofspinningwheelfixed
    totheaxle.
    Hydrometer:isaninstrumentusedformeasuringthespecificgravityofliquids.
    Hydrophone:isaninstrumentusedforrecordingsoundunderwater.
    Hygrometer:isaninstrumentusedformeasuringhumidityinair.
    Kymograph:isaninstrumentusedtorecordgraphicallyvariousphysiologicalmovementsi.e.,blood
    pressure,heartbeating,studyoflungsetcinlivingbeings.
    Lactometer:isanapparatususedformeasuringthepurityofmilk.
    Manometer:fordeterminingthepressureofagas.
    MarinersCompass:isanapparatuswhichisusedtoguidethesailors.Theneedlealwayspoints
    northsouth.
    Micrometer:isaninstrumentusedforconvertingsoundi.e.,fractionofthelowestdivisionofagivenscale.
    Microphone:isaninstrumentusedforconvertingsoundwavesintoelectricalvibrations.
    Microscope:isaninstrumentwhichisusedformagnifyingminuteobjectsbyalenssystem.
    Microtome:isusedforcuttinganobjectintothinpartsformicroscopicinspection.
    Odometer:isaninstrumentbyvirtueofwhichthedistancecoveredbywheeledvehiclesisrecorded.
    Periscope:Itisusuallyusedbythecrewofasubmarinetosurveytheshipsetc,onthesurfaceofthesea
    whilethesubmarineisunderwater.Italsoenablesthesailorstoobserveobjectsontheothersideofan
    obstaclewithoutexposingthemselves.
    Phonograph:isaninstrumentusedforreproducingsound.
    Photometer:isanapparatususedtocomparetheilluminatingpoweroftwosourcesoflight.
    Pipette:Itisaglasstubewiththeaidofwhichadefinitevolumeofliquidmaybetransferred.
    Potentiometer:isusedforcomparingthee.m.f.s,ofcells,measurementsofthethermale.m.f.s,large
    potentialdifferencesandcurrents.Itisalsousedformeasuringlowresistances.
    Psychrometer:isaninstrumentformeasurementofthehumidityoftheatmosphere.
    Pyrometer:isaninstrumentforrecordinghightemperaturesfromagreatdistance(i.e.,forrecording
    temperatureofthesunetc.)bymakinguseofthelawsofradiation.
    Radar:Radio,Angle,DetectionAndRangeisusedtodetectthedirectionandrangeofanapproaching
    aeroplanebymeansofradiomicrowaves.
    RainGauge:isanapparatusforrecordingofrainfallataparticularplace.
    Radiometer:isaninstrumentformeasuringtheemissionofradiantenergy.
    Refractometer:isaninstrumenttomeasurerefractiveindices.
    Saccharimeter:isaninstrumentfordeterminingtheamountofsugarinasolution.Itisusedinbreweries.
    SeismometerorSeismograph:isaninstrumentusedforrecordingearthquakeshocks.
    Sextant:isaninstrumentinventedbyJohnHadleyusedformeasuringthealtitudeofthesunandofother
    inaccessibleheavenlybodies.
    Spectrometer:(1)Itisatypeofspectroscopesuitablefortheprecisemeasurementsofrefractiveindices.(2)
    Aninstrumentformeasuringtheenergydistributionofaparticulartypeofradiation.
    Speedometer:isaninstrumentwhichindicatesspeedatwhichavehicleismoving.
    Spherometer:isaninstrumentformeasuringcurvatureofsurfaces.
    Sphygmomanometer:aninstrumentusedformeasuringarterialbloodpressure.
    Sphygmophone:aninstrument,withthehelpofwhichapulsebeatmakesasound.
    Sphygmoscope:aninstrument,byvirtueofwhich,arterialpulsationsbecomevisible.
    Stereoscope:Itisaspecialtypeofbinocular,throughwhichadoublephotographsnappedfromtwodifferent
    anglesbyatwolensedcameraisviewedinsolidrelief.
    Stethoscope:isaninstrumenttohearandanalysemovementsofheartandlungs.
    Stopwatch:forrecordingsmallintervalsoftimeinthelaboratory,inracesandotherevents.
    Stroboscope:isaninstrumentforviewingobjectsmovingrapidlywithaperiodicmotionandtoseethemasif
    theywereatrest.
    Tachometer:isaninstrumentfordeterminingspeedsofaeroplanesandmotorboats.
    Telephone:adevicebyvirtueofwhichtwopersonsattwodifferentplacescancommunicate.Itconsistsof
    twomainparts(i)amicrophoneand(ii)areceiver.
    Teleprinter:aninstrumentwhichprintsautomaticallymessagessentfromoneplacetoanother,ontelegraph
    lines.
    Telescope:isanapparatususedforobservingdistantobjects.
    Theodolite:isaninstrumentformeasuringhorizontalandverticalangles.
    Thermocouple:aninstrumentbasedonthermoelectricityusedformeasuringtemperatures.
    Thermometer:isanapparatususedformeasuringtemperature.
    Thermostat:Itisaninstrumentusedtoregulatethetemperaturetoaparticulardegree.
    Viscometer:isaninstrumenttomeasureviscosity.

    COMPUTER
    Halfbyte=1nibble=4bits
    BitmeansBinaryDigit
    1byte=8bits
    1megabyte=1048576bytes
    1kilobyte=1024bytes
    Acombinationof16bitsarecalledword.
    Aterabyte=1trillionbytes
    OurPCbelongsto4thgeneration
    FredCohencoinedthewordcomputervirus
    Firstcomputerviruswascreatedin1970atBelllaboratories
    WORMmeansWriteOnceReadMany
    PowerofasupercomputerismeasuredinFLOPS(FloatingPointOperationsperSecond)
    WWW/http:(hypertexttransferprotocol)wascreatedbyTimBurnerLeein1992
    IntelmeansIntegratedElectronics
    1worksheetcontains256columns
    G.W.BasicG.WstandsforGateWay
    SuperComputerwascreatedbyJ.H.VanTassel
    CORBAisCommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture
    URLisUniformorUniversalResourceLocator
    IntelinventedRAMchip
    Informationstoredondiskasseriesofbumpsonitsshinyside.
    DVDsholdmoreinformationthanCDs.Theyusesmallerbumpsandhavetworeflectivelayers
    RecordableCDsdonothavebumps.Therearepatchesofcolorondisktochangethereflectedlaserlight
    In1951Univac1,theworldsfirstcommercialcomputerwasdesignedbyJohnMauchlyandJ.Presper
    Eckert.TheybuiltENIAC,thefirstelectroniccomputerin1946
    In1968mainframewasbuilt.
    In1976firstsupercomputertheCray1wasdeveloped
    In1981IBMproducetheIBMPC.
    In1998IBMmadequantumcomputer
    Supercomputersusesparallelprocessing
    In1974,computergameswereintroduced.
    PROMistheabbreviationofprogrammablereadonlymemory

    Whatwastheworldsfirsthighlevelprogramminglanguage1957:IBMFORTRAN
    AJPEGisapicturefileformatwhatdoesJPEGstandfor:JointPhotographicExpertsGroup
    DuringWorldWarII,IBMbuiltthecomputerstheNazisusedtomanagetheirdeath/concentrationcamps
    RegistersaretemporarystorageareaswithintheCPU.
    Firstapplecomputerwasbuiltingarage.
    Thelanguageofsmalltalkisobjectoriented.
    Shellisanoperatingenvironment.
    Virtualmemoryisalsoknownasvirtualpage.
    NOSrefertooperatingsystemsforanetwork.
    InEBCDICeachcharacterisdenotedby8bits.
    Diodesareusedinanalogcomputercircuitsaslimiter.
    Wetwarestandsforanyorganicintelligence.
    GIGOstandsforgarbageingarbageout.
    Applicationofflipflaparecounters,shiftregisterandtransferregister.
    Bootstrapisassociatedwithcomputer.
    FORTRANstandsforformulatranslator.
    Agroupofcharacterthatistermedasasingleentityiscalledword.
    Clipartisacomputerpreparedart.
    MarksensingisanothertermforOMR.
    Authorizationtomakemultiplesoftwarecopiesiscalledsitelicensing.
    Antivirusisalsoknownasvaccines.
    Freesoftwareisalsoknownaspublicdomainsoftware.
    IncomputerDFDstandsforDataFlowDiagram.
    CyberSpaceiscalledtoVirtualworldofthecomputer.
    WhatdoesthesuninSUNMicrosystemsstandforStanfordUniversityNetwork
    WhatdoesIntelstandforIntegratedElectronics
    AllPCshaveaBIOSwhatdoesbiosstandforBasicInputOutputSystem
    WhatisthecommonnameforanintegratedcircuitAChip
    InWWWtermswhatdoesi.e.meanonadomainnameIreland
    Whatcompanyintroducedthefirstcommercialminicomputer65DEC
    NamethefirstwebbrowserpubliclyavailableNCSAMosaic
    TheworldsmostpowerfulsupercomputeriscalledASCIwhite.
    WorldWideWebwasinventedin1993byTimBarenessLee.
    TheBprogramminglanguagewasdevelopedbyKenThompson.
    The1stcommerciallyproducedandsoldcomputer(1951)wasUNIVAC.
    ThetransformationfromheavycomputerstoPCswasmadepossibleusingmicroprocessors.
    Thefirstmicroprocessorwasdevelopedin1971byIntel.
    Apentium4(P4)employsroughly40milliontransistors.
    Mark1,Apple1,andcollossuswereinitialdesktopcomputers.
    Binarydigitsarebriefedasbit.
    Acollectionofbitsiscalledbyte.
    Thefirsthomecomputer(1977),whichwassoldinmillionsofunitswasAppleII.
    PARAMisasupercomputer.
    FatheroftheComputer..CharlesBabbage
    WhatdoesCMOSstandforinacomputerComplimentarymetalOxidesemiconductor
    WORLDPARLIAMENTS
    ParliamentofAfghanistanisLoyaJirga.
    ParliamentofAustraliaisFederalParliament.
    ParliamentofBangladeshisJatiyaSaugsad.
    ParliamentofCanadaisParliament.
    ParliamentofChinaisNationalpeoplescongress.
    ParliamentofDenmarkisFolketing.
    ParliamentofEgyptisPeoplesAssembly.
    ParliamentofFranceisParliament.
    ParliamentofGermanyisBaundesrat.
    ParliamentofGreeceisParliment.
    ParliamentofIndiaisParliment.
    ParliamentofIranisMajliseShouraeIslam.
    ParliamentofIraqisNationalAssembly.
    ParliamentofJapanisDiet.
    ParliamentofMoroccoisMajlisalNuwab.
    ParliamentofOmanisConsultativeAssembly.
    ParliamentofQatarisAdvisoryCouncil.
    ParliamentofRussiaisDuma.
    ParliamentofNorwayistheStorting.
    ParliamentofSwedenisRiksdag.
    OldestparliamentintheworldAlthing(Iceland)

    SPORTS
    Whathas32panelsand642stitchesAfootball(soccer)
    FirstBritishopensquashchampionshipplayedin1922.
    Firstworldsquashchampionship1976.
    Jhangirkhanhaswonworldopen6times.
    Wimbledonopentenniswasinstitutedin1877.
    Awinneroffourcompetitions(Wimbledon,Frenchopen,usopen,andAustraliaopen)iscalledGrand
    Slam.
    MostWimbledonsingle(Men)titlearewonbyPeteSampras(USA).
    MostWimbledonsingle(woman)titlewonbyMartinaNavratilova(USA).
    CommonWealthgameareheldevery4years,theywerestartedin1931.
    FirstAsiagameswereplayedatNewDelhiin1951.
    15thAsianGameswillbeheldinQatarin2006.
    CurrentWorldcupholderofhockeyisNetherlands.
    FIFAestablishedinParisonMay21,1904.
    GrandslamisthetitleassociatedwithPeteSampras.
    MichaelChang(USA)istheyoungesttowinthetitleofgrandslam.
    ShahidAfridihasmadecenturyon37balls.
    ThetitleOvalHeroiswithFazalMuhammad.
    ThesportsmanKasparvoisassociatedwithChess.
    ModernsummerOlympicwereheldinGreecein1896.
    Olympicheldevery4years.
    HockeybecameOlympiceventin1908.Pakistantookpartin1948inLondon.
    1stworldcuphockey1971atBarcelona(Spain).
    Hockeyworldcupheldevery4year.
    Firstworldcupcricket1975,wonbyWestIndies.
    Indiawonworldcupcricketin1983bybeatingWestIndies.
    10countrieshaveteststatus.
    Firsttestmachwasplayedin1877betweenAustraliaandEngland.
    FirstOnedaymatchbetweenAustraliaandEnglandinJan5,1971.
    Firstwordcupfootball1930,Uruguay,andwonbyUruguay.
    1942worldcupfootballcupdidnotholdduetoSecondWorldWar.
    NigeriaiscurrentOlympicfootfallchampion.
    GeoffhuntisassociatedwithSquash.
    SouthAfricawasexpelledfromICCin1970becauseofitsapartheidpolicies.
    CurrentheavyweightchampionshipiswithL.Lewis.
    Incricketbatsmancanbeoutby10ways.
    PeterMarshalisassociatedwithSquash.
    Pakistanhadwon4titleofworldcuphockeysofar.
    Firstthreeworkcupcricketswereplayedwith60over.
    RockyMorcionoonlyheavyweightboxerremainedunbeatenthroughouthiscareer.
    Lowesttestmatchinningis26byNewZealand.
    HighestnoofonedaysareplayedatSharjahCricketGround.
    ThechampiontrophyhockeytournamentwasintroducedbyPakistaninyear1978.
    Daviscupisfortennis.
    Thomascupbadmintonisformenonly.
    Ubercupisforbadminton.
    Eachteaminvolleyballconsistsof6players.
    AntolyKarpov,theworldchessplayerbelongstoRussia.
    ModernOlympicGameswerefirstheldinAthens.
    ICChas10membersanditwasfoundedin1965.
    Lowesttotalincricketis36byCanada.
    TennisplayersteffigrafbelongstoGermany.
    Natwesttrophyisforcricket.
    TheSwythilingcupisrelatedtoTableTennis.
    Moroccocupisforcricket.
    FirstmodernOlympicgameswereheldin1896inAthens.
    FirstwomencompetedinOlympicgamesin1912.
    FranceandwhichcountrycontestedfirsteverworldcupmatchMexico
    ThenumberofcountrieswhichparticipatedinthefirstOlympicGamesheldatAthenswasNine
    WhoownsTheOvalcricketgroundPrinceCharles
    Whoamongthefollowingbatsmenachievedthefeatofhittingsix6sinoneoverforthefirsttimein
    internationalcricketduringtheWorldCup2007HerschelleGibbs
    WherewerethefirstwinterOlympicsheldin1924CharmonixFrance
    FINAisthegoverningbodyofwhatamateursportSwimming
    FITAarethegoverningbodyofwhatsportArchery
    ALadyParamountjudgesatwhatsportArchery
    FirstcricketcupwasplayedinEnglandin1974.
    FirstAsianGameswereheldinNewDelhiin1951.From1954theywereheldeveryfouryears.
    BaronPierredeCoubertinwasfounderofthemodernOlympicGames.
    BuntingisaterminthegameofBaseball.
    GrandMasterisaterminChess.
    GrandSlamisaterminsportsassociatedwithBridgeaswellasLawnTennis.
    MartinaHingesistheyoungestwomantennisplayertowinthreemajorsinglestitlesinoneseason.
    IronasportstermisassociatedwithGolf.
    McDowellCupisassociatedwithfootball.
    OlympicGameswereheldtwiceinParisandLondon.
    Paralympicsarethegamesfordisabled.
    UbercupisassociatedwithBadminton.
    YankeeStadiumisassociatedwithBoxing.
    WorldsoldestsportsdailyisGazettadelloSportofItaly.
    ValBarkerCupisawardedintheOlympicGamesinBoxing.
    TheParalympicsGames2008wereheldinBeijing.
    AsafaPowellis100msprinter.
    ThetermStalemateisrelatedtothegameofChess.
    Withwhichsportisthetermbutterflyassociated?Swimming
    NextFootballworldCupin2010isin..SouthAfrica
    HowmanyringsontheOlympicflag:Five
    Whoranthefirstmarathon:Phidipedes
    WhatcolouristhecapgiventoanEnglandcricketplayerBlue
    WhatheldupaCrickettestMatchbetweenEnglandPakistanMouseonpitch
    WhatisthefirstraceintheGrandPrixseasonBrazilian
    ByOlympicruleswhatmusthave14feathersBadmintonBird
    HowistheOlympictorchlitBythesuninGreece
    MartinaNavratilovabelongstoCzechRepublic.
    TourDeFranceisFrenchcyclerace.
    NationalgameofSwitzerlandisskiing.
    Whathas32panelsand642stitchesAfootball(soccer)
    InTenniswhereistheAustralianOpenplayedFlindersPark
    WhatOlympiceventwasdroppedin1920TugofWar1900to1920
    FIDEgovernwhatgameChess.
    FootballerZaidaneoriginallybelongstowhichcountry?Algeria

    ABBREVIATIONS
    VDU=videodisplayunit
    CRT=cathoderaytube
    CROCathodeRayOscillator
    SARSSevereAccuterespitoratrysyndrome
    BOTBuiltoperatetransfer
    AMUAtomicmassunit
    EMFElectromotiveForceorElectromagneticField(MostaptisElectromotiveForce)
    ADHAntidiureticharmome
    STPStandardTemperatureandPressure
    NPTNetworktimeprotocol
    CRTCathoderaytube
    SARSSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome
    BOTBuiltOperatetransfer
    AMUAtomicMassUnit
    EMFElectromotiveforce
    ADHAntiDiureticHormone
    STPStandardTemperaturePressure
    GeVGigaElectronVolt
    NTPNormalTemperaturePressure
    CRTCathodeRayTube
    Theoreofmercurymetal.cyanabar
    SARS:severeacuterespiratorysyndrome
    NTP:networktimeprotocol
    RQ:respiratoryquotient
    PVC:polyvinylchloride
    NPN:negativepositivenegative
    WAN:wideareanetwork
    ECG:electrocardiogram
    CPU:centralprocessingunit
    BCG:bacillusofcalmetteGuerin
    STPstandardtemperatureandpressure/ShieldedTwistedPair
    ATPAdenosineTriPhosphate
    PNPprotonneutronproton
    [PositiveNegativePositive(transistor)]
    LANlocalareanetwork
    KWhkilowatthour
    BTUBritishThermalUnit
    LDLLowdensitylipoprotein
    [commonlyreferredtoasbadcholesterol]
    ROMReadonlymemory
    MAFmillionacrefeet
    SONARSoundNavigationandRanging
    LCD=LIQUIDCRYSTALDISPLAY
    HDL=HARDWAREDESCRIPTIONLANGUAGE/HighDensityLipoprotein
    UHF=ULTRAHIGHFREQUENCY
    LED=LIGHTEMITTINGDIODE
    BASIC=BEGGINERSALLPURPOSESYMBOLICINSTRUCTIONCODE
    HST=HIGHSPEEDTECHONOLGY
    DBS=DATABASESERVER
    V.L.C.CstandsforVerylargecrudecarrier.
    VTOL=verticaltakeoffandlanding
    SETI=SearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence=aprojecttofindAliens
    FaxistheshortformofFacsimilewhichmeansidenticalcopy
    SETI=>SearchforExtraterrestrialintelligence.
    OnthePHscalewhatdoesPHstandforPotentialHydrogen
    ABM:AntiBallisticMissiles
    ABVP:AkhilBharatiyaVidyarthiParishad
    AC:AlternatingCurrentAshokaChakra
    ACU:AsianCurrencyUnion
    AD:annoDominiintheyearofLordChrist
    ADB:AsianDevelopmentBank
    ADC:AidedeCampAccessDeficitCharge
    ADF:AsianDevelopmentFund
    ADS:AirDefenceShip
    AJT:AdvancedJetTrainer
    AG:AccountantGeneralAdjutantGeneral
    AI:AirIndia
    AIDS:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome
    AIIMS:AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences
    AIR:AllIndiaRadioAnnualInformationReport
    AITUC:AllIndiaTradeUnionCongress
    AJT:AdvancedJetTrainer
    ALH:AdvancedLightHelicopter
    AM:antemeridiembeforenoon
    AMC:ArmyMedicalCorpsAssetManagementCompanies
    AME:AssociateMemberoftheInstituteofEngineers
    APC:AgriculturalPricesCommission
    APEC:AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation
    APPLE:ArianePassengerPayloadExperiment
    APPU:AsianPacificPostalUnion
    ARC:AssetReconstructionCompany
    ARDR:AgriculturalandRuralDebtRelief
    ASAT:AntiSatelliteweapon
    ASC:ArmyServiceCorps
    ASCI:AdvancedStrategicComputingInitiative
    ASCII:AmericanStandardCodeforInformation
    ASEAN:AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations
    ASEM:AsiaEuropeMeeting
    ASIMO:AdvancedStepinInnovativeMobility
    ASLV:AugmentedSatelliteLaunchVehicle
    ASMA:AntarcticaSpeciallyManagedArea
    ASSOCHAM:AssociatedChambersofCommerceandIndustry
    ATA:AirTimeAuthorityAllenTelescopeArray
    ATC:AirTrafficController
    ATM:AutomaticTellerMachine
    ATR:ActionTakenReport
    ATV:AutomaticTransferVehicle
    AUM:AssetsUnderManagement
    AVC:ArmyVeterinaryCorps
    AVM:AdditionalVolatilityMargin
    AWACS:AirborneWarningandControlSystem

    B
    BARC:BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre
    BBC:BritishBroadcastingCorporation
    BC:BeforeChristBoardofControlBritishColumbiaBatteryCommander
    BCG:BacillusCalmetteGuerinAntiTuberculosisVaccine
    BICP:BureauofIndustrialCostsandPrices
    BIFR:BoardofIndustrialandFinancialReconstruction
    BIOS:BasicInputOutputSystem
    BKU:BharatiyaKisanUnion
    BMD:BallisticMissileDefenceSystem
    BOLT:BSEOnLineTrading(System)
    BOSS:BharatOperatingSystemSolutions
    BPO:BusinessProcessOutsourcing
    BPR:BottomPressureRecords
    BRO:BorderRoadOrganisation
    BSE:BombayStockExchange
    BSF:BorderSecurityForce
    BSNL:BharatSancharNigamLtd

    C
    CA:CharteredAccountant
    CABE:CentralAdvisoryBoardofEducation
    C&AG:Comptroller&AuditorGeneral
    CAIR:CentreforArtificialIntelligenceandRobotics
    CAPART:CouncilforPeoplesActionandAdvancementofRuralTechnology
    CAPES:ComputerAidedPaperlessExaminationSystem
    CAS:ChiefofArmyStaffChiefofAirStaffConditionalAccessSystem
    CB:CitizenBand(Radio)
    CBI:CentralBureauofInvestigation
    CBFC:CentralBoardofFilmCertification
    CCPA:CabinetCommitteeonPoliticalAffairs
    CD:ConferenceonDisarmament
    CDAC:TheCentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing
    CDMA:CodeDivisionMultipleAccess
    CECA:ComprehensiveEconomicCooperationAgreement
    CERN:EuropeanOrganisationforNuclearResearch(PronouncedCERNinFrench)
    CFC:ChlorofluroCarbon
    CFS:ContainerFreightStation
    CHOGM:CommonwealthHeadsofGovernmentMeeting
    CIA:CentralIntelligenceAgency(ofU.S.A.)
    CIBIL:CreditInformationBureau(India)Ltd
    CIC:ChiefInformationCommissioner
    CID:CriminalInvestigationDepartment
    CinC:CommanderinChief
    cif:cost,insuranceandfreight
    CIS:CommonwealthofIndependentStates
    CISF:CentralIndustrialSecurityForce
    CITES:ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies
    CITU:CentreofIndianTradeUnions
    CLASS:ComputerLiteracyandStudiesinSchools
    CLAWS:CentreforLandWarfareStudies
    CM:CommandModuleChiefMinister
    CMP:CommonMinimumProgramme
    CNG:CompressedNaturalGas
    CNN:CableNewsNetwork
    CNS:ChiefoftheNavalStaff
    CO:CommandingOfficer
    COD:CentralOrdnanceDepotCashonDelivery
    CPCB:CentralPollutionControlBoard
    CPI:CommunistPartyofIndia
    CPI(M):CommunistPartyofIndia(Marxists)
    CPU:CentralProcessingUnit
    CR:CentralRailway
    CRAC:CyberRegulationAdvisoryCouncil
    CRDi:CommonRailDirectinjection
    CRISIL:CreditRatingInformationServicesofIndiaLimited
    CRM:CustomerRelationshipManagement
    CRR:CashReserveRatio
    CRPF:CentralReservePoliceForce
    CSIR:CouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearch
    CTBT:ComprehensiveTestBanTreaty
    CTT:CommoditiesTransactionTax
    CVRDE:CombatVehiclesResearchandDevelopmentEstablishment

    D
    DA:DearnessAllowanceDailyAllowance
    DAVP:DirectorateofAdvertisingandVisualPublicity
    DC:DeputyCommissionerDirectCurrentinElectricity
    DDT:DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane(disinfectant)
    DIN:DirectorInformationNumber
    DM:DistrictMagistrateDeputyMinister
    DMIC:DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridor
    DMK:DravidaMunnetraKazhagam(aregionalpoliticalpartyofTamilNadu)
    DNA:deoxyribonucleicacid
    DO:Demiofficial(letter)
    DOD:DepartmentofOceanDevelopment
    DPEP:DistrictPrimaryEducationProgramme
    DPI:DirectorofPublicInstruction
    DRAM:DynamicRandomAccessMemory
    DRDO:DefenceResearchandDevelopmentOrganisation
    DST:DaylightSavingTime
    DRES:DepartmentofRenewableEnergySources
    DTH:DirecttoHome(broadcasting)

    E
    ECG:ElectroCardiogram
    ECS:ElectronicClearingService
    ECT:ElectroconvulsantTherapy(electricshocktreatment)
    EDUSAT:EducationSatellite
    EEG:Electroencephalography
    EET:ExemptExemptTaxation
    EFA:EducationforAll
    EFF:ExtendedFundFacility
    e.g.:exempligratiaforexample
    EHTP:ElectronicHardwareTechnologyParks
    ELISA:EnzymeLinkedImmunoSolventAssay(usedfortestingAIDS)
    EMI:EquatedMonthlyInstalment
    EMS:EuropeanMonetarySystem
    EMU:ElectricMultipleUnitExtravehicularMobilityUnit(European)EconomicandMonetaryUnion
    E&OE:ErrorsandOmissionsExcepted
    EPROM:ErasableProgrammableReadOnlyMemory
    ER:EasternRailway
    ERM:ExchangeRateMechanism
    ERNET:EducationalandResearchNetwork
    ESA:EuropeanSpaceAgency
    ESCAP:EconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific
    ESMA:EssentialServicesMaintenanceAct
    ESOP:EmployeeStockOptionProgramme
    etc.:etcetera(andotherthings)
    EU:EuropeanUnion
    EVM:ElectronicVotingMachine

    F
    FAO:FoodandAgricultureOrganisation
    FBI:FederalBureauofInvestigation(oftheU.S.A.)
    FCNR:ForeignCurrency(nonresident)AccountsScheme
    FDR:FlightDataRecorderFixedDepositReceipt
    FEMA:ForeignExchangeManagementAct
    FERA:ForeignExchangeRegulationsAct
    FICCI:FederationofIndianChambersofCommerceandIndustry
    FII:ForeignInstitutionalInvestors
    FIPB:ForeignInvestmentPromotionBoard(ofIndia)
    FLAG:FibreOpticLinkAroundtheGlobe
    FM:FieldMarshalFrequencyModulated
    FPSB:FinancialPlanningStandardsBoards(India)
    FRBM:FiscalResponsibilityandBudgetManagement
    FSSA:FoodSafetyandStandardsAuthority(ofIndia)
    FTA:FreeTradeArea
    FTP:FileTransferProtocol

    G
    GAGAN:GPSaidedGeoaugmentedNavigation
    GAIL:GasAuthorityofIndiaLimited
    GAIN:GlobalAllianceforImprovedNutrition
    GATS:GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
    GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade
    GCA:GeneralCurrencyArea
    GCC:GulfCooperationCouncil
    GCM:GreatestCommonMeasure
    GEF:GlobalEnvironmentFund
    GHQ:GeneralHeadquarters
    GIC:GeneralInsuranceCorporation
    GIST:GraphicsandIntelligencebasedScriptTechnology
    GMPS:GlobalMobilePersonalCommunicationsSystem
    GMRT:GiantMeterwaveRadioTelescope
    GMT:GreenwichMeanTime
    GNSS:GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem
    GNP:GrossNationalProduct
    GOC:GeneralOfficerCommanding
    GPO:GeneralPostOffice
    GPRS:GeneralPacketRadioSystem
    GPS:GlobalPositioningSystem
    GSLV:GeosynchronousSatelliteLaunchVehicle
    GSP:GeneralisedSpecialPreferences
    GST:GoodsandServiceTax
    GSTP:GlobalSystemofTradePreferences

    H
    HAWS:HighAltitudeWarfareSchool
    HCF:HighestCommonFactor
    HDI:HumanDevelopmentIndex
    HDTV:HighDefinitionTelevision
    HE:His(orHer)ExcellencyHis(orHer)EminenceHighExplosiveHorizontalEquivalent
    HITS:HeadendInTheSky
    HMMWV:HighMobilityMultipurposeWheeledVehicle
    HMS:HybridMailService
    HP:HimachalPradeshHorizontalPlaneHorsePower
    HTML:HyperTextMarkupLanguage
    HTTP:HypetextTransferProtocol
    HUDCO:HousingandUrbanDevelopmentCorporation
    HVDC:HighVoltageDirectCurrent

    I
    IAAI:InternationalAirportAuthorityofIndia
    IAAS:IndianAuditandAccountsService
    IADF:InternationalAgriculturalDevelopmentFund
    IAEA:InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency
    IAF:IndianAirForce
    IAMC:IndianArmyMedicalCorps
    IAS:IndianAdministrativeService
    IATA:InternationalAirTransportAssociation
    IATT:InlandAirTravelTax
    IBRD:InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment
    IBEX:InterstellarBoundaryExplorerMission
    ICANN:InternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers
    ICAO:InternationalCivilAviationOrganisation
    ICAR:IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch
    ICCR:IndianCouncilofCulturalRelations
    ICCW:IndianCouncilforChildWelfare
    ICDS:IntegratedChildDevelopmentService
    ICJ:InternationalCourtofJustice(withHeadquartersattheHague)
    ICL:IndianCricketLeague
    ICMR:IndianCouncilofMedicalResearch
    ICPA:IndianCricketPlayersAssociation
    ICRC:InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross
    IDA:InternationalDevelopmentAssociation
    IDBI:IndustrialDevelopmentBankofIndia
    IDSA:InstituteofDefenceStudiesandAnalysis
    i.e.:idestthatis
    IEA:InternationalEnergyAgency
    IES:IndianEconomicService
    IEX:IndianEnergyExchange
    IFRS:InternationalFinancialReportingStandard
    IFS:IndianForeignServiceIndianForestService
    IFTU:InternationalFederationofTradeUnions
    IFWJ:IndianFederationofWorkingJournalists
    IGNOU:IndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversity
    IIPA:IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration
    IISS:InternationalInstituteofStrategicStudies
    IIT:IndianInstitutesofTechnology
    ILO:InternationalLabourOrganisation
    IMA:IndianMilitaryAcademy
    IMET:InternationalMilitaryEducationTrainingProgramme
    IMF:InternationalMonetaryFund
    IMO:InternationalMaritimeOrganisation
    IN:IndianNavyIntelligentNetwork
    INA:IndianNationalArmy
    INK:InternationalNewspaperKiosks
    INMARSAT:InternationalMaritimeSatelliteOrganisation
    INMAS:InstituteofNuclearMedicinesandAlliedSciences
    INS:IndianNavalShipIndianNewspaperSociety
    INSAS:IndianSmallArmsSystem
    INSAT:IndianNationalSatellite
    INTERPOL:InternationalPoliceOrganisation
    INTUC:IndianNationalTradeUnionCongress
    IOC:InternationalOlympicCommittee
    IP:IndianPolice
    IPC:IndianPenalCode
    IPCC:IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange
    IPEC:InternationalProgrammeonEliminationofChildLabour
    IPR:IntellectualPropertyRight
    IPS:IndianPoliceServiceIndianPostalService
    IPTV:InternetProtocolTelevision
    IPU:InterParliamentaryUnion
    IQ:IntelligenceQuotient
    IR:Infrared
    IRA:InsuranceRegulatoryAuthority
    IRBM:IntermediateRangeBallisticMissile
    IREP:IntegratedRuralEnergyPlanning
    IRS:IndianRemoteSensingSatelliteIndianRevenueService
    ISAF:InternationalStabilizationandAssistanceForce(inAfghanistan)
    ISC:InterStateCouncil
    ISCS:IntegratedSmartCardSystem
    ISD:InternationalSubscriberDialled(telephone)
    ISH:InformationSuperHighway
    ISKCON:InternationalSocietyforKrishnaConsciousness
    ISO:InternationalStandardisationOrganisation
    ISP:InternetServiceProvider
    ISRO:IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation
    ISS:InternationalSpaceStation
    IST:IndianStandardTime
    ISTRAC:ISROTelemetry,TrackingandCommandNetwork
    ITDC:IndianTourismDevelopmentCorporation
    ITO:InternationalTradeOrganisationIncometaxOfficer
    ITU:InternationalTelecommunicationUnion
    IUC:InterconnectUserCharge

    J,K,L
    JCO:JuniorCommissionedOfficer
    JNNURM:JawaharLalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission
    JPC:JointParliamentaryCommittee
    JPEG:JointPhotographicExpertsGroup
    JWG:JointWorkingGroup
    KG:Kindergarten
    Kg:Kilogramme
    KPO:KnowledgeProcessOutsourcing
    LAC:LineofActualControl
    LCA:LightCombatAircraft
    LDC:LeastDevelopedCountries
    LHC:LargeHadronCollider
    LIC:LifeInsuranceCorporation(ofIndia)
    LLP:LimitedLiabilityPartnership
    LOAC:LineofActualControl
    LTA:LightTransportAircraft
    LTTE:LiberationTigersofTamilEelam

    M
    MAT:MinimumAlternativeTax
    MER:MarsExplorationRover
    MBBS:BachelorofMedicineandBachelorofSurgery
    MCF:MasterControlFacility
    MEP:MinimumExportPrice
    MES:MilitaryEngineeringService
    METSAT:MeteorologicalSatellite
    MFA:MultiFibreAgreement
    MFN:MostFavouredNation
    MIP:MoonImpactProbe
    MMS:MultimediaMessagingService
    MMTC:MineralsandMetalsTradingCorporationofIndia
    MNC:MultinationalCorporation
    MNIC:MultipurposeNationalIdentityCard
    MODEM:ModulatorDemodulator
    MRI:MagneticResonanceImaging
    MRTPC:MonopoliesandRestrictiveTradePracticesCommission
    MRTS:MassRapidTransitSystem
    MSA:MaritimeSafetyAgency
    MSCF:MaritimeSecurityCooperationFramework
    Mss:Manuscript
    MTCR:MissileTechnologyControlRegime
    MTO:MultilateralTradeOrganisation
    MVC:MahaVirChakra
    MUNO:MahaVirChakra

    N
    NAA:NationalAirportAuthority
    NABARD:NationalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment.(Ithelpsruraldevelopmentbyproviding
    refinancefacility).
    NACIL:NationalAviationCompanyofIndiaLtd
    NADA:NationalAntiDopingAgency
    NAEP:NationalAdultEducationProgramme
    NAFTA:NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreement
    NAG:NationalAirGuard
    NAM:NonalignedMovement
    NAMA:NonAgricultureMarketAccess
    NASA:NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(oftheU.S.A.)
    NASDAQ:NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation
    NATA:NaturalAptitudeTestforArchitecture
    NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganisation
    NAV:NetAssetValue
    NB:Notabenenotewell,ortakenotice
    NCA:NuclearCommandAuthority
    NCC:NationalCadetCorps
    NCEP:NationalCommitteeonEnvironmentalPlanning
    NCERT:NationalCouncilofEducationResearchandTraining
    NCR:NationalCapitalRegion
    NDA:NationalDefenceAcademyNationalDemocraticAlliance
    NDNC:NationalDoNotCall(Registry)
    NDPS:NarcoticDrugs&PsychotropicSubstances
    NDRF:NationalDisasterResponseForce
    NDTL:NationalDopeTestingLaboratory
    NeGP:NationalegovernancePlan
    NEDB:NorthEasternDevelopmentBank
    NEP:NationalEducationPolicy
    NEPA:NationalEnvironmentProtectionAuthority
    NFO:NewFundOffers
    NHDP:NationalHighwaysDevelopmentProject
    NHRC:NationalHumanRightsCommission
    NIC:NationalIntegrationCouncil
    NIFT:NationalInstituteofFashionTechnology
    NIO:NationalInstituteofOceanography
    NIS:NationalInstituteofSports
    NIT:NationalInstituteofTechnology
    NLMA:NationalLiteracyMissionAuthority
    NMD:NuclearMissileDefence
    NMDC:NationalMineralDevelopmentCorporation
    NPL:NationalPhysicalLaboratory
    NPR:NationalPopulationRegister
    NPT:(Nuclear)NonProliferationTreaty
    NRBI:NationalRuralBankofIndia
    NREGA:NationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeAct
    NREP:NationalRuralEmploymentProgramme
    NRF:NationalRenewalFund
    NRI:NonResidentIndian
    NRR:NationalReproductionRate
    NRSA:NationalRemoteSensingAgency
    NSA:NationalSecurityAct
    NSC:NationalServiceCorpsNationalSecurityCouncil
    NSDL:NationalSecuritiesDepositoryLimited
    NSE:NationalStockExchange
    NSR:NationalSkillsRegistry
    NTPC:NationalThermalPowerCorporation
    NWDA:NationalWaterDevelopmentAgency
    NWRC:NationalWaterResourcesCouncil

    O
    OAS:OrganisationofAmericanStates
    OAU:OrganisationofAfricanUnity
    OBC:OtherBackwardCommunities
    OBU:OffshoreBankingUnit
    ODA:OfficialDevelopmentAssistance
    ODF:OpenDocumentFormat
    ODS:OzoneDepletionSubstances
    OECD:OrganisationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment
    OGL:OpenGeneralLicence
    OIC:OrganisationofIslamicCountries
    OIGS:OnIndiaGovernmentService
    OIL:OilIndiaLimited
    OM:OrderofMerit
    ONGC:OilandNaturalGasCommission
    OPEC:OrganisationofPetroleumExportingCountries
    OSCE:OrganisationforSecurityandCooperationinEurope
    OSD:OfficeronSpecialDuty
    OXML:OpenExtendedMarkingLanguage

    P
    PAC:PoliticalAffairsCommitteePublicAccountsCommittee
    PACER:ProgrammeforAccelerationofCommercialEnergyResearch
    PAN:PermanentAccountNumber(ofIncomeTax)
    PATA:PacificAsiaTravelAssociation
    PCS:PublicCivilServicePunjabCivilService
    PIB:PressInformationBureau
    PinCode:PostalIndexNumberCode
    PIO:PersonsofIndianOrigin
    PLF:PlantLoadFactor
    PM:PostMeridiemafternoonalsoPostmasterPrimeMinisterpostmortem(afterdeath)
    PMG:PostmasterGeneral
    PN:ParticipatoryNote
    PO:PostOfficePostalOrder
    POPs:PersistentOrganicPollutantsPointofPurchase
    POTA:PreventionofTerrorismAct
    POW:PrisonerofWar
    PP:PublicProsecutorParticularPerson
    PRO:PublicRelationsOfficer
    PS:PostScriptumPostScriptwrittenafter
    PSC:PublicServiceCommission
    PSE:PublicSectorEnterprises
    PSLV:PolarSatelliteLaunchVehicle
    PTA:PreferentialTradeArea
    PTI:PressTrustofIndia
    PTO:PleaseTurnOverPrivilegeTicketOrder
    PUFA:PolyUnsaturatedFattyAcids
    PVC:ParamVirChakra
    PVSM:ParamVishishtSewaMedal
    PWD:PublicWorksDepartment

    Q,R
    QMG:QuarterMasterGeneral
    QR:QuantitativeRestriction
    RAF:RapidActionForce
    RAM:RandomAccessMemory
    RBI:ReserveBankofIndia
    RCC:ReinforcedConcreteCement
    RDF:RapidDevelopmentForce
    RDS:RadioDataServicing
    RDSS:RadioDeterminationSatelliteService
    REACH:Rehabilitate,EducateandSupportStreetChildren
    RLO:ReturnedLetterOffice
    RLV:ReusableLaunchVehicle
    RPM:RevolutionPerMinute
    RPO:RecruitmentProcessOutsourcingRegionalPassportOfficer
    RRB:RegionalRuralBank
    RRPI:RuralRetailPriceIndex
    RSS:RashtriyaSwyamsevakSangh
    RSVP:Repondezsilvousplait(Fr.)reply,ifyouplease
    RTGS:RealTimeGrossSettlementSystem

    S
    SAARC:SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation
    SAFTA:SouthAsianFreeTradeArea
    SAIL:SteelAuthorityofIndiaLimited
    SAPTA:SAARCPreferentialTradingAgreement
    SARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome
    SATNAV:SatelliteNavigation(Initiative)
    SAVE:SAARCAudioVisualExchange
    SC:SecurityCouncilSupremeCourtScheduledCaste
    SCI:ShippingCorporationofIndia
    SCO:ShanghaiCooperationOrganisation
    SCOPE:StandingConferenceonPublicEnterprises
    SDO:SubDivisionalOfficer
    SDR:SpecialDrawingRights(createdbytheWorldBank)
    SEBI:SecuritiesandExchangeBoardofIndia
    SFC:StrategicForcesCommand
    SGPC:ShiromaniGurdwaraPrabandhakCommittee
    SIDBI:SmallIndustriesDevelopmentBankofIndia
    SIT:SpecialInvestigationTeam
    SITE:SatelliteInstructionalTelevisionExperiment
    SLR:StatutoryLiquidityRatio
    SMS:ShortMessagingServiceSubscriberManagementSystem
    SOS:SaveOurSoulsdistresssignal
    SPG:SpecialProtectionGroup
    SPIN:SoftwareProcessImprovementNetworks
    SPV:SolarPhotoVoltaic
    SQUID:SuperconductingQuantumInterferenceDevice
    SRE:SpaceCapsuleRecoveryExperiment
    SRV:SubmarineRescueVessel
    SSN:SocialSecurityNumber
    STARS:SatelliteTrackingandRangingStation
    START:StrategicArmsReductionTalks
    STEP:ScienceandTechnologyEntrepreneurshipPark
    STT:SecuritiesTransactionTax
    SWAN:StatewideAreaNetwork
    SWIFT:SocietyforWorldwideFinancialTelecommunications

    T
    TA:TravellingAllowanceTerritorialArmy
    TAAI:TravelAgentsAssociationofIndia
    TACDE:TacticsandAirCombatDevelopmentEstablishment
    TADA:TerroristandDisruptiveActivities(Prevention)Act
    TAPS:TarapurAtomicPowerStation
    TB:Tuberculosis
    TDC:TransportDevelopmentCouncil
    TDS:TaxDeductionatSource
    TDSAT:TelecomDisputeSettlementAppellateTribunal
    TERLS:ThumbaEquatorialRocketLaunchingStation
    TIFR:TataInstituteofFundamentalResearch
    TIN:TaxInformationNetwork
    TINXSYS:TaxInformationExchangeSystem
    TISCO:TataIronandSteelCompany
    TMC:TerrainMappingCamera
    TMO:TelegraphicMoneyOrder
    TNT:Trinitrotoluene(highexplosive)
    TPP:20PointProgramme
    TRAI:TelecomRegulatoryAuthorityofIndia
    TRIMs:TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures
    TRIPS:TradeRelatedIntellectualPropertyRights
    TRP:TelevisionRatingPointsTaxReturnPreparer
    TRYSEM:TrainingofRuralYouthforSelfEmployment
    TTE:TravellingTicketExaminer
    TTF:TourismTaskForce

    U
    UAE:UnitedArabEmirates
    UAV:UnmannedAerialVehicle
    UF:UnitedFront
    UFO:UnidentifiedFlyingObject
    UGC:UniversityGrantsCommission
    ULFA:UnitedLiberationFrontofAssam
    UN:UnitedNations
    UNCTAD:UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment
    UNDP:UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
    UNEF:UnitedNationsEmergencyForce
    UNEP:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme
    UNESCO:UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganisation
    UNFPO:UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities
    UNHCR:UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees
    UNHRC:UnitedNationsHumanRightsCommission
    UNI:UnitedNewsofIndia
    UNICEF:UnitedNationsInternationalChildrens(Emergency)Fund
    UNIDO:UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganisation
    UNRRA:UnitedNationsReliefandRehabilitationAdministration
    UNTAC:UnitedNationsTransitionalAuthorityforCambodia
    UPA:UnitedProgressiveAlliance
    UPSC:UnionPublicServiceCommission
    UPTN:UniversalPersonalTelephoneNumber
    USA:UnitedStatesofAmerica
    USIS:UnitedStatesInformationService

    V
    VAT:ValueaddedTax
    VC:ViceChancellorViceCounselVictoriaCrossVirChakra
    VDIS:VoluntaryDisclosureofIncomeScheme
    VHRR:VeryHighResolutionRadiometer
    VIP:VeryImportantPerson
    VLSI:VeryLargeScaleIntegration
    VOIP:VoiceOverInternetProtocol
    VPN:VirtualPrivateNetwork
    VPP:ValuePayablePost
    VRS:VoluntaryRetirementScheme
    VSAT:VerySmallApertureTerminals

    W
    WADA:WorldAntiDopingAgency
    WAP:WirelessApplicationProtocol
    WAVE:WirelessAccessforVirtualEnterprise
    WDF:WastelandDevelopmentForce
    WEF:WorldEconomicForum
    WFP:WorldFoodProgramme
    WFTU:WorldFederationofTradeUnions
    WGIG:WorkingGrouponInternetGovernance
    WIPO:WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganisation
    WLL:WirelessinLocalLoop
    WMD:WeaponsofMassDestruction
    WR:WesternRailway
    WTO:WorldTradeOrganisation(previouslycalledGATT)alsoWorldTourismOrganisation

    X,Y,Z
    XML:eXtensibleMarkupLanguage
    YMCA:YoungMensChristianAssociation
    YWCA:YoungWomensChristianAssociation
    INTERGOVERNMENTALPANELONCLIMATECHANGE(IPCC)Establishedin1988bytheWorld
    MeteorologicalOrganisation(WMO)andtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(Unep)

    INTERNATIONALAIRLINES
    AerofloatistheairlineofRussia.
    AlItaliaistheItalianinternationalairlines.
    RoyalNepalsAirlineisthenameofNepalsairline.
    TransworldAirway(TWA)belongstoUSA.
    ScandinavianairlinesoperateinthecountriesNorway,Sweden,andDenmark.
    KLMistheoldestnationalairline.
    JALisanairlineofJapan.
    BOACairlineisofGreatBritain.
    GaradaistheairlineofIndonesia.
    QantasisanairlineofAustralia.
    ThefamousairportDumDumislocatedinMombai(India).
    ChaklalaairportissituatedinRawalpindi.
    OrlyairportislocatedinParis.
    SantaCruzairportisinMumbai.
    KLMisanairlineofNetherland.
    LOTisthenationalairlineofwhatcountryPoland
    TABSOisthenationalairlineofwhichcountryBulgaria
    LufthansaisanairlinesfromGermany
    CathyPacificisanairlineofHongKong.
    WhatisBelgiumsnationalAirlineSabina
    VnukovoairportisinMoscow.
    BimanistheairlineofBangladesh.
    QantasisanairlineofAustralia.
    GarundaisanAirlineofIndonesia.
    AsianaistheairlineofSouthKorea

    IMPORTANTNEWSAGENCIES
    AnatoliaisthenewsagencyofTurkey.
    NewsagencyAIPbelongstoAfghanistan.
    InterfaxisthenewsagencyofRussia.
    AlHilalwasstatedin1912andclosedin1914,itwasfoundedbyAbudulKalamAzad.

    CURRENTG.K
    1.TapaimukhDamissueisbetweenIndia&Bangladesh.
    2.ForeignMinisterofBangladeshisDipuMoni.
    3.PMofBangladeshShaikhHaseenaofAwamiLeagueelectedinDecember,29,2008.
    4.Mongoliahasworlds6%ofUraniumreserves.
    5.TheBoforscaseledtoCongressdefeatin1989LokSabhapolls.OttavioQuattrocchi,anItalian
    businessman,tookbribestosaleBoforshowitzerstoIndiain1986.
    6.MaomovementisconnectedwithNaxalites.
    7.BlackWidowisarebelliousganginAssam.
    8.USintendstodeployUSinterceptorMissilesinPolandandradarinCzechRepublictoprotectEurope
    fromIranianmissiles.
    9.ChancellorofGermanyAngelaMerkelbelongstoconservativeparty.
    10.OECDhas30membersanddoesotincludeChina.
    11.USspecialrepresentativeforPakistanandAfghanistanisRichardHalbroke.
    12.SenatorJohnKerryandRichardLugarputforwardKerryLugarBill.
    13.G20SummitwasheldatPittsburg,USAinSep:2009.
    14.DavidLawranceConventionCentrearrangesG20Summit.
    15.ISROisIndianSpaceResearchOrganisation.
    16.PresidentofMongoliaisTsakhiaginElbegdorj.
    17.DirectorGeneralofInt.AtomicEnergyAgencyisMohammadAlberadi.
    18.USOpen2009wonbyKimClisjstersofBelgiumandJuanMartindelPortowonmenssinglestitles.
    19.UEFApresidentisMichelPlatni.
    20.DalLakeisinoccupiedKashmir.
    21.ShoethroweronBushMuntazeralZaidiworkedforAlBaghdadinewspaper,Egypt.
    22.PresidentofFranceisNicolasSarkozy.
    23.MotherTressabelongedtoAlbaniaandcametoIndiain1951.ShediedonSep:5,19997andisburried
    atKolkata.
    24.SachinTendulkarcompleted16000runsinODIs.
    25.PresidentofRussiaisDimitriMedwedev.PMisViladamirPutin.
    26.WorldBankpresidentisRobertZoellic.
    27.USSecretaryofStateisHillaryRodhamClinton.
    28.HeadofWTOisPascalLamy.
    29.GardenofFiveSensesisinDelhi.
    30.ObamaisUSs44thPresident.
    31.DannyBoyleisthedirectorofSlumDogMillionaire.
    32.PresidentofChechniaisRamzanA.Kadyrov.
    33.ShashaObama(younger)andMaliaObama(elder)aretwodaughtersofBarakObama.
    34.AhmadinejaddefeatedMirHussainMoussaviinhisreelection.
    35.HonduranPresidentManuelZelayawasoustedinamilitarycoup.HewasdeportedtoCostaRica.
    36.BrazilbeatsUSinConfederationCup.
    37.IcelandswearsitsfirstfemalePMJohannaSigurdardOttir.
    38.BaitullahMehsudkilledonAug:5,2009.
    39.SerenaWilliamsandRogerFedererareWimbeldonwinnersthisyear.
    40.ICJissuedarrestwarrantsforSudanesePresidentOmarHassanAhmadAlBashir.
    41.PresidentofNorthKoreaisKimJongil.
    42.JacobZumawonelectionsinSouthAfrica.
    43.AbdullahAbdullahcontestedelectionsagainstHamidKarzai.
    44.ChinesePresidentisHuJintao.
    45.MotherinLawofObamaisMarianRobinson.
    46.PresidentofBangladeshisZillurRahman.
    47.GovernorStateBankofPakistanisSyedSalimRaza.
    48.PakistanAmbassadortoUNisAbdullahHussainHaroon.
    49.PresidentofSriLankaisMahindaPercyRajapaksaandPMisRatnasiriWickremanyake.
    50.PresidentofIndiaisPrathibaPatel,InteriorMinisterisPalaniappanChidambaram.
    51.MichaelJacksondiedon25thJune,2009attheageof50.
    52.LTTEchiefPrabhakarankilledon18thMay,2009.
    53.TitanicMuseumopenedinUKon31stMarch,2009.
    54.TheInternaitionaAirportofWashingtonDCisknownasDullesInternationalAirport.
    55.MichaelSleimanhastakenoverasthePresidentofLebanon.
    56.5thWorldWaterForumconcludedinIstanbulon22ndMarch,2009.
    57.Chinacelebratedits60thAniversaryon1stOct:2009.
    58.IndiawillholdtheCommonWealthGamesin2010.
    59.JillBadenisthewifeofJoeBiden,VPUSA.
    60.MichelleObamanisthewifeofBarackObama.
    61.CIAdirectorisLeonPanetta.
    62.SecretaryGeneralofOICisIkmalluddinIhsanIglo(Turkey).
    63.USAmbassadortoIraqisChristopherHill.
    64.GilgitBaltistanEmpowermentandSelfGovernanceOrder2009cameonSep:7,2009.
    QamaruzZamanQairamadegoverneron15thSep:2009.
    65.ThebookJinnahIndia,Partition,IndependenceiswrittenbyJaswantSingh.
    66.TheWorldAthleticsChampionshipwasheldinBerlinin2009.
    67.JusticeHamidAliMirzaisthenewChiefElectionCommissionofPakistan.
    68.ArabLeagueSectaryGeneralisAmrMoosa.
    69.CommanderofISAFforcesinAfghanistanisGeneralStanMcCrystal.
    70.OperationRaheNijadconductedinSouthWaziristanonJune19,2009.
    71.OperationRaheRastbeganinSawatinMay2009.
    72.NAMChairmanisPresidentHussniMubarkofEgypt.
    73.ICCchiefisHaroonLorgatofSouthAfrica.
    74.FirstEastTimorePresidentisJoseGusmao.
    75.TheAmericanTalibancapturedinAfghanistanisJohnWalkerLindh.
    76.PresidentofPalestineisMehmoodAbbas.
    77.RAWchiefisK.CVerma.
    78.ForeignMinisterofUKisDavidMiliband.
    79.FIFAPresidentisJosephSeppBlatter.
    80.PrimeMinisterofAustraliaisKavinRid.
    81.USSecretaryofDefenceisRobertGates.
    82.SecretaryGeneralofSAARCisSheelKantSharma.
    83.OPECchiefisAbdullahSalemalBadri.
    84.NATOSecretaryGeneralAndersFoghRasmussen.
    85.NextOlympicswillbeheldinLondonin2012.
    86.NextHockeyWorldCupwillbeheldinIndiain2010.
    87.NextWorldCupofCricketwillbeheldinIndia,SriLankaandBangladeshin2011.
    88.NextFootballWorldCupistobeheldinSouthAfricain2010.
    89.BurjKhalifaTheTallestBuildingintheWorldhas162stories,828metersor2,717feetinheightand
    wasconstructedbySkidmore,Owings&Merrill,inauguratedon4thJan:2010.
    90.NROwaspromulgatedonoct52007andhas7sections.
    91.BaluchistanPackagewasannouncedinjointSittingofParlimenton24thNovember.
    92.PakistanliftWorldT20Cup,beatSriLankaby8wktson21June2009.
    93.Whenkerrylugarbillwaspassed?Thursday,Sept24,2009
    94.LugerBillwillprovidePakistananaidof.1.5billiondollarsannually
    95.TimelineofwithdrawalofforcesfromIraqbyObama2011
    96.TheWayOfTheWorld:AStoryOfTruthAndHopeInAnAgeOfExtremismbyRonSuskind
    97.Abookof2008AwayofhopeandextremismAyeshaJalal

    PastPapersofFPSC
    1. Woolgathering
    meaningindulgenceinaimlessthoughtsanddreamyimaginationabsentminded.
    usage:Motheradvisedtohersontonotwoolgatherandbeserious
    2.Undertheharrow
    meaning:indifficultsituationdistress
    usage:Aftergivingdivorcetoherwifeheisundertheharrownow.
    3.Coldcomfort
    meaning:littlecomfortorencouragement.
    usage:AftergettingjobAslamisincoldcomfort.
    4.Agolddigger
    meaning:arelationshipmadbywomenwithamantoseekhismoneyorgift.
    usage:Thenewsecretaryseemtobegolddigger.
    5.WalkwithGod
    meaning:toliveinaccordancewiththecommandmentsofGod.
    usage:Heisverypiouspersonbecausehewalkwithgod.
    6.Onthethinice
    meaning:inariskyanddangeroussituation.
    usage:AslammademanymistakesintheEssaypaperandnowhisisonthethinice
    7.Aqueerfish
    meaning:apersonofoldhabits
    usage:Aslamfatherinlawisaqueerfish
    8.Unearthlyhour
    meaning:ataveryearliertimeofmorning
    usage:itismidnightwhatbroughtyoutocomehere.
    9.Grateful:
    Meaning:showingorexpressingthanks,especiallytoanotherperson
    Useinsentence:I'msograteful(toyou)forallthatyou'vedone.
    10.Gratified:
    Meaning:topleasesomeone,ortosatisfyawishorneed
    Useinsentence:Weweregratifiedbytheresponsetoourappeal.
    11.Imaginary:
    Meaning:describessomethingthatiscreatedbyandexistsonlyinthemindthatisnotreal
    Useinsentence:AsachildIhadanimaginaryfriendcalledPolly.
    12.Imaginative:
    Meaning:of,relatingto,orcharacterizedbyimagination
    Useinsentence:Thearchitectshavemadeimaginativeuseofglassandtransparentplastic.
    13.Negligent:
    Meaning:notbeingcarefulorgivingenoughattentiontopeopleorthingsthatareyour
    responsibility
    Useinsentence:Thejudgesaidthattheteacherhadbeennegligentinallowingthechildrento
    swimindangerouswater.
    14.Negligible:
    Meaning:tooslightorsmallinamounttobeofimportance
    Useinsentence:Thedifferencebetweenthetwoproductsisnegligible.
    15.Placable:
    Meaning:tostopfrombeingangry
    Useinsentence:TheCanaaniteshadmanygodsandtheyranhere,thereandeverywhereto
    placatethesegods.
    16.Placeable:
    Meaning:capableofbeingrecognized
    Useinsentence:Aneasythingyoucoulddoismakingclocksplaceableonwalls.
    17.Restive:
    Meaning:unwillingtobecontrolledorbepatient
    Useinsentence:Theaudiencewasbecomingrestiveastheywaitedfortheperformancetobegin.
    18.Restless:
    Meaning:unwillingorunabletostaystillortobequietandcalm,becauseyouareworriedorbored
    Useinsentence:He'sarestlesstypeheneverstaysinonecountryforlong.
    21-which country is peninsula?
    saudi arabia
    22- pakistan situates on which line?
    1- equator 2- cancer 3- inecapricorn 4- none
    correet answer is option 4
    23- macmohan line is situated b/w ?
    india and china
    24- who is david patrias?
    american general in afghanistan
    25- 1 meter is equal to ?
    3.28 foot
    26- caspian sea makes his boundries with
    Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.
    27- largest agency among area in pakistan?
    south wazirastan
    28- old name of iraq?
    mesopotimia
    29-blood is red due to ?
    haemoglobin
    30-marian trence situated near?
    philpines
    31- headquarter of ghandhara civilization is?
    texila
    32- head quarter of saarc is situated at?
    khatmandu
    33- maximum wool produceing country is?
    australia
    34- official religion of japan is ?
    shintoism
    35- which element use for producing nuclear fuel?
    urinium
    36- who many rakkhu in 30 paraa of quran
    39
    37-which is less conducter
    1- iron, 2-copper 3- silver 4- wood
    my answer was wood but not satisfied
    38-nigara fall lies b/w
    u.s.a and canida
    39- which is smallest country of world among area
    1- maldeeve 2- malta 3- san marino 4- bahreen
    corect answer is option 3 san marino
    40-holy prophet pbuh appoited governer of yeman for collection zakat?
    hazrat muaz bin jabal
    41- who many times zakat mention in quran?
    32 times
    42-which sura gives details among zakat receiver?
    sura tuba
    43-where ist wahii nazall hoe?
    ghari hira
    44- when zakat declered must
    2 hijra
    45-light of sun reach in earth
    8.5 mint( while other options was 3mint 4mint 6.5 mint)
    46- headquarter of ILO situated in ?
    geneva
    47- muslim league name was purposed by?
    nawab saleem ullah khan of dahaka
    48- juandice is disturb of which part of body
    liver
    49- quaid azam leave congress due to
    non- coperative moment by gandhi
    50-in hapatiets which organ disturb
    liver
    51- nisab in the amount of gold
    87.48 gram( but in paper there was not dot present b/w 87 and48)
    52- nisab in silver is?
    612.32 gram
    53-produce which is equal to nisab?
    948kg wheat or equal
    54-if a person having millat1800kg whose prize is half among wheat who many rupees he
    pay zakat
    zero
    55-who was Father of the French Revolution?
    Jean-Jacques Rousseau -
    56-statue of freedom in newyark is given by
    france
    57- wall street is a famous?
    stock market in newyork

    58- sunlight consist of colours


    a-1 b- 3 c-7( not confarm waiting for reply)
    59-theory of relativety is presented by?
    einstien
    60- cash crop is?
    which not cultivated for own use
    61-artificial cultivated area give amount ushr equal to
    1/20
    62- if a person obtained something from underground the amount of zakat aplicable
    1/5
    63-zakat among goat aplicable on
    40 goats
    64- amount of zakat among gold silver and similar things
    2.5 %
    65- a government company obtained 1 billion net profit tell who much rupees its gives as a
    zakat
    zero
    66-zakat ordinance promulgated on
    20 june 1980
    67-according to section17 tauluqa committe is equal to
    tehsil commiitte
    68- dasman palace is residence of
    ameer kwait
    69-procelain tower is present in
    china
    70- which muslim organization founded in 1962
    Rabita al-Alam al-Islami
    71- crtography is the study of
    secret writting
    72-founder of souct momemt
    Robert Baden-Powell
    73- elysee palace is the residence of
    french president
    74- second largest population in afghanistan?
    tajik
    75-worldwide spread disease is called?
    epidemic
    76- zakat year start on
    according to hijra clender
    77- zakat year end ?
    30 shaban
    78- governer appointe chief administer with the consult with
    federal government
    79- administerator general appointed by
    president
    80- The magnitude of earthquake is measured with?
    Richter Scale
    81- Who forwarded the Lahore(Pakistan) Resolution?
    A.K fazlul haq
    82- East India Company came to India in the reign of:
    A)Shah Jahan B) Jahangir C) Aurangzeb D) Babar
    83- The largest Muslim country according to area is?
    kazakistan
    84- Zakat can be spent on:A)
    Travelers B) Slaves C) Masakin D)All of these
    85- Zakat is exempted on:
    A)Sheep grazing fed free in pastures B) Fruits C) Vegetables D) All of them
    86- Who was known as the Man of Destiny?
    nepolin bona part
    87- Adam's Peak is in?
    sri lanka
    88- According to the Zakat Ordinance Zakat arrears are collected by?
    tehsildar
    89- Red Cross/Crescent HQ is in?
    geneva
    90-Brain Drain
    transfer of Skilled labors
    91--light year complete direction in
    1 year
    92--musician of antham is
    Ahmed gulami chagla
    93- first ushr receive ?
    1982-83 rabi crop
    94-DZ committe disolved if
    ]member remain not pious
    95- if a person failed to pay zakat what act can do?
    send a notice
    96- lake of vitamin c create which disease
    skin desease
    97-which vitamin help blood clotting?
    K
    98- founder of muslim rule in india?

    Whichsportiscalledthesportofkings?
    Horseracing
    Ifyouarecelebratingyourdiamondanniversary,howmanyyearshaveyoubeenmarried?
    60
    InwhichyearwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?
    1945
    Whatistheworldslargestbird?
    Theostrich
    Aretheremoremenormorewomenintheworld?
    Men
    Ifyousufferfromxenophobia,whatareyouafraidof?
    Foreigners
    Whichlanguageintheworldhasthemostnativespeakers?
    MandarinChinese
    WhatisthemostcommonelementonEarth?
    Hydrogen
    Whichnationgavewomentherighttovotefirst?
    NewZealand
    InwhatyeardidtheBerlinWallcomedown?
    1989

    WhatisthecapitalofVenezuela?
    Caracas
    Which3countriesdoesLuxembourghaveborderswith?
    Belgium,FranceandGermany
    Howmanysidesdoesaheptagonhave?
    7
    Whichislarger:theAtlanticOceanorthePacificOcean?
    ThePacific(istwiceaslarge)
    WhatdothelettersFBIstandfor?
    FederalBureauofInvestigation
    WhatisthelargestmanmadestructureonEarth?
    TheGreatWallofChina
    WhatisthecapitalcityofNewZealand?
    Wellington
    WhatyearwasJohnFKennedyshot?
    1963
    InIslamiclaw,howmanywivesisamanallowedtohave?
    4
    WhatisthecapitalofthePhilippines?
    Manila
    InwhatyearwasNelsonMandelareleasedfromprison?
    1991
    Rigaisthecapitalofwhichcountry?
    Latvia
    WhatdothelettersIBMstandfor?
    InternationalBusinessMachines
    IfyouarecelebratingyourSilverAnniversary,howmanyyearshaveyoubeenmarried?
    25
    Whichtravelsfaster:lightorsoundwaves?
    Light
    Whatis55inRomanNumerals?
    LV
    Whatcolordoyougetbymixingblueandyellow?
    Green
    WhatisthecapitalofSwitzerland?
    Berne
    Name3USStatesthatstartwiththeletterI.
    Illinois,Indiana,Idaho,Iowa
    WhatanimalisthesymboloftheWorldWildlifeFund?
    Panda
    Howmanyzerosarethereinatrillion?
    12
    Whatcolourarethe5Olympicrings?
    Black,blue,red,green,yellow
    WhatnumberdotheRomannumeralsCDrepresent?
    400
    WhatisthecapitalofColumbia?
    Bogota
    Howmanysquaresarethereonachessboard?
    64
    Whatcolourareababyseyesatbirth?
    Blue
    Inwhichyeardidmanfirstlandonthemoon?
    1969
    Whichplanetisthefifthfromthesun?
    Jupiter
    Whatis40%of40?
    16
    WhatisthecapitalofPeru?
    Lima
    WhatdothelettersBBCstandfor?
    BritishBroadcastingCorporation
    InwhichyeardidtheChannelTunnelopen?
    1994
    WhatisthelegaldrinkingageintheUSA?
    21
    Howmanymenhavewalkedonthemoon?
    12
    FromwhichcountrydoesNokia,themobilephonecompany,originate?
    Finland
    WhatisthecapitalofTurkey?
    Ankara
    Whichisheavier,goldorsilver?
    Gold
    Howmanylegsdoesabutterflyhave?
    6
    WhichisthebiggeststateintheU.S.A.?
    Alaska
    WhatisthecapitalcityofNorway?
    Oslo

    PakistanHistoryImportantPoliticalEventsFrom1940To1947
    PakistanHistoryImportantPoliticalEventsfrom1940to1947

    Introduction
    Theerafrom1940to1947istheeraofrapidchanges.Manyimportanteventsinthehistoryofthe
    SubContinenttookplace.ThedemandofPakistanisthemostprominentamongthem.Inthepast,
    thedemandofPakistanwasnotraisedclearly.ItwasduetoMuslimachievementsinthisperiodthat
    nowwearelivinginasovereignandindependentstate.ThepoliticaleventsfromPakistan
    ResolutiontotheestablishmentofPakistanaresummarizedunder

    1.PakistanResolution(March1940)
    TheattitudeoftheHindusmadeitclearthattheHindusandtheMuslimsweretwoseparatenations.
    OnMarch23rd,attheannualsessionofMuslimLeagueatLahore,thefamousresolution,
    commonlyknownasthePakistanResolutionwaspassed.ItwaspresentedbyMaulviFazlulHaq.
    QuaideAzamsaidintheevereloquentwords

    Weareanationwithourowndistinctivecultureandcivilization,languageandliterature,artand
    architecture,namesandnomenclature,senseofvaluesandproportion,legallawsandmoralcode,
    customsandcalender,historyandtradition,aptitudesandambitionsinshort,wehaveourown
    distinctiveoutlookonlifeandoflife.Byallcanonsofinternationallaw,weareanation.

    2.August1940sOffer
    Itwasproposedtoenlargedgovernorgeneralcouncilstoincludemembersfrompoliticalparties.
    WarAdvisoryCommitteewasalsolaunched.BothLeagueandCongressrejectedtheoffer.
    3.CivilDisobedienceMovement(April1942)
    28thsessionofLeaguewasheldatMadrasinwhicharesolutionwasadoptedonCivilDisobedience
    MovementlaunchedbyCongress.

    4.CrippsMission(March1942)
    SirStaffordCrippswassentbytheBritishGovernmenttoIndiainMarch1942,todiscusswithIndian
    leaders,thefutureIndianConstitutions.HisproposalwasrejectedbyboththeCongressandthe
    League.TheCongresscharacterizedthemasapostdatedchequeonafailingbank.Jinnah,inhis
    presidentialaddresstotheAllahabadsessionoftheLeague,analyzedtheCrippsproposalsand
    expressedthedisappointmentthatifthesewereaccepted.Muslimswouldbecomeaminorityintheir
    majorityprovincesaswell.

    5.QuitIndia(August1942)
    ThefailureoftheCrippsMission,thoughunfortunateinmanyways,resultedinstrengtheningofthe
    MuslimLeaguecaseforPakistan.TheCongressdecidedtolaunchitsfinalassaultonBritish
    imperialisminthemovementthatcametobeknownastheQuitIndiamovement.Itwasopen
    rebellionduetowhichmanypeoplewerekilledLeagueraisedaslogonofDivideandQuitIndia.

    6.ActionCommittee(December1943)
    ItwasformedtoprepareandorganizeMuslimsofIndiaforcomingstruggleforachievementsof
    Pakistan.

    7.GandhiJinnahTalks(September1944)
    GandhiheldtalkswithJinnahtodiscussaboutthefutureofIndia,butnofruitfulresultscameoutofit
    becauseGandhididnotacceptMuslimsasaseparatenation.ThoughtheGandhiJinnah
    negotiationsfailedtoachievetheavowedgoaloftheHinduMuslimunity,theybroughttoJinnahand
    theMuslimLeaguetwoimportantpoliticalgains.Firstly,theleadershipoftheCongresshadnow
    offeredtodiscussthequestionofPakistanseriouslybeforethat,theCongressandMahatamahad
    keptthedoortothatsubjectuncompromisinglyshut.Secondly,theCongresscouldnolonger
    justifiablyclaimthatitstoodforallthecommunitiesinIndiaincludingtheMuslims.LouisFeisher
    wrote

    ThewallbetweenJinnahandGandhiwastheTwoNationTheory.

    8.WavellsPlan(June1945)
    LordWavell,theViceroyofIndia,announcedhisplanon14thJune1945toendthepoliticalruin.As
    pertheprovisionsoftheWavellPlan,theExecutiveCouncilwouldbereorganizedandHindusand
    MuslimswouldequallyrepresentintheViceroysExecutiveCouncilandtheCouncilwouldworkas
    InterimGovernmenttilltheendofwar.

    9.SimlaConference(June1945)
    LordWavellcalledaconferenceatSimlainJune1945togiveapracticalshapetothisplan.The
    QuaideAzaminsistedthattherighttoappointfiveMuslimMembersintheExecutiveCouncilshould
    entirelyrestwiththeMuslimLeague.ThiswasnotacceptabletotheCongressastheCongress
    claimedtorepresentboththeHindusandMuslims.Theconferencefailedtoachieveanypurpose
    duetoonesidedattitudeofLordWavell.Inthisconference,QuaideAzammadeitcystalclearthat
    onlytheMuslimLeaguecanrepresentMuslimsofIndia.

    10.GeneralElections(December1945)
    Electionsforthecentralandprovincialassemblieswereheldin19451946.MuslimLeague
    managedtowinallthe30seatsreservedfortheMuslimsincentrallegislativeand427seatsoutof
    495Muslimseatsintheprovinciallegislative.ElectionsresultswereenoughtoprovethatMuslim
    League,undertheleadershipofQuaideAzam,wasthesolerepresentativeoftheMuslimsofthe
    region.QuaideAzamsaidonthisoccasion

    IhavenodoubtnowintheacheivementofPakistan.TheMuslimsofIndiatoldtheworldwhatthey
    want.Nopowerofworldcantoppletheopinionof10croreMuslimsofIndia.

    11.DelhiConvention(1946)
    On19thApril1946,soonaftertheelections,JinnahcalledaconventionatDelhiofallthenewly
    electedLeaguemembersinthecentralandprovinciallegistatures.Inthisconventiontheword
    Statesof1940sLahoreResolutionistransformedintothewordStateandthelegislatorssigned
    pledgessolemnlydeclaringtheirfirmconvictionthatthesafety,security,salvationanddestinyofthe
    MuslimslayonlyintheachievementofPakistan.

    12.CabinetMissionPlan(1946)
    Themostdelicateaswellasthemosttortuousnegotiationsbeganwiththearrival,inMarch1946,of
    athreememberBritishCabinetMission.ThecrucialtaskwithwhichtheCabinetMissionwas
    entrustedwasthatofdevisinginconsultationwiththevariouspoliticalparties,constitutionmaking
    machinery,andofsettingupapopularinterimgovernment.But,becausetheCongressLeaguegulf
    couldnotbebridged,despitetheMissionsprolongedefforts,theMissionhadtomakeitsown
    proposalsinMay1946.

    TheMuslimLeagueacceptedtheplanonJune6,1946.TheCongressacceptedtheplanonJune
    25,1946,thoughitrejectedtheinterimsetup.TheViceroyshouldnowhaveinvitedtheMuslim
    LeaguetoformGovernmentasithadacceptedtheinterimsetupbuthedidnotdosobecausehe
    didnotwanttomakeCongressangry.SointhissituationCabinetMissionwentbacktoEnglandon
    June29withoutdecidinganything.

    13.DirectActionDay(16thAugust,1946)
    TheCounciloftheAllIndiaMuslimLeaguemetinBombayandonJuly27,1946itfinallysealedits
    rejectionoftheCabinetMissionPlan,anddecidedtolaunchitsfamousDirectActionforthe
    achievementofPakistan,whichitcouldnotachievebypeacefulmeansduetotheintransigenceof
    CongressontheonehandandthebreachoffaithwiththeMuslimbytheBritishGovernmentonthe
    other.DirectActionDaywasobservedpeacefullythroughoutIndia,exceptinCalcutta,whereriots
    brokeout.

    14.InterimGovernment(1946)
    On2ndSeptember1946aCongressdominatedInterimGovernmentheadedbyNehruwas
    established.TheMuslimLeaguerefusedtoaccepttheproposalinthebeginninganddidnot
    nominateitsmemberson5reservedseats.MuslimLeague,afterwards,thoughtthatCongress,
    beinginpowercouldharmtheMusliminterestssoitjoinedtheCabinetaftertwomonthson26th
    October1946.However,thebasicattentionofboththepartieswastosavetheirinterestsinthe
    interimgovernment.

    15.LondonConference(December1946)
    TheBritishGovernmentconvenedaconferenceofHinduleaderinDecember1946inLondonto
    resolvetheconstitutionalproblems.PrimeMinisterAttlee,LordWavell,Nehru,QuaideAzam,
    LiaquatAliKhanandSardarBaldevSinghparticipatedinthisconference.ThisConferencealso
    couldnotendpoliticaldeadlock.

    16.PoormansBudget(February1947)
    CongressAllocatedtheFinanceMinistrytotheLeague.Thisiseffectplacedthewhole
    governmentalsetupundertheMuslimLeague.On28thFebruaryLiaquatAliKhanasaministerof
    Financepresentedabudgetfor194748whichwascalledapoormansbudgetasitadversely
    affectedtheHinducapitalists.ThedeadlockbetweentheCongressandtheLeaguefurther
    worsenedinthissetup.

    17.AttleesStatement(1947)
    On5thFebruary1947,harriedbyMuslimLeaguestactics,ninemembersoftheInterimGovernment
    wrotetotheViceroydemandingthatLeaguemembersresign.TheLeaguesdemandforthe
    dissolutionoftheconstituentassemblyhadprovedtobethelaststraw.Thedevelopingcrisiswas
    temporarilydefusedbythestatementmadebyAttleeinParliamenton20thFebruary,1947.The
    dateforBritishwithdrawalfromIndiawasfixedas30thJune1948andtheappointmentofanew
    Viceroy,LordMountbatten(19001979),wasannounced.

    18.3rdJune1947Plan
    Bythecloseof1946,thecommunalriotshadflareduptomuderousheights,engulfingalmostthe
    entiresubcontinent.Thetwopeopleitseemed,wereengagedinafighttothefinish.Thetimefora
    peacefultransferofpowerwasfastrunningout.Realizingthegravityofthesituation,HisMajestys
    GovernmentsentdowntoIndiaanewViceroyLordMountbatten.Hisprotractednegotiationswith
    thevariouspoliticalleadersresultedin3June(1947)PlanbywhichtheBritishdecidedtopartition
    thesubcontinent,andhandoverpowertotwosuccessorStateson15August,1947.Theplanwas
    dulyacceptedbythethreeIndianpartiestothedisputetheCongress,theLeagueandtheAlkaliDal
    (representingtheSikhs).

    19.IndianIndependenceAct(July1947)
    InJuly,theBritishparliamentpassedtheIndianIndependenceactwhichwasenforcedpromptly.
    TheMuslimsoftheSubContinentfinallysucceededincarryingoutanindependentIslamicStatefor
    Muslims.

    20.TransferofPower(14thAugust1947)
    ThetransferofpowerceremonywasheldinKarachiandfinallyPakistancameintobeingon14th
    August1947.Consequently,QuaideAzamwassworninasGovernorGeneralofPakistanand
    LiaquatAliKhanwasappointedasPrimeMinisterofPakistanon15thAugust.Thatwasthe
    culminationofalongstrugglewhichtheMuslimsoftheSouthAsianSubContinenthaswedgedfora
    separatehomelandinthenameofIslam.

    PakistanBoundaries
    http://www.photius.com/countries/pakistan/geography/pakistan_geography_boundaries.html
    Sources:TheLibraryofCongressCountryStudiesCIAWorldFactbook
    <<BacktoPakistanGeography
    Pakistanoccupiesapositionofgreatgeostrategicimportance,borderedbyIranonthe
    west,Afghanistanonthenorthwest,Chinaonthenortheast,Indiaontheeast,andthe
    ArabianSeaonthesouth(seefig.1).Thetotallandareaisestimatedat803,940square
    kilometers.
    TheboundarywithIran,some800kilometersinlength,wasfirstdelimitedbyaBritish
    commissionin1893,separatingIranfromwhatwasthenBritishIndianBalochistan.In
    1957PakistansignedafrontieragreementwithIran,andsincethentheborderbetween
    thetwocountrieshasnotbeenasubjectofseriousdispute.
    Pakistan'sboundarywithAfghanistanisabout2,250kilometerslong.Inthenorth,itruns
    alongtheridgesoftheHinduKush(meaningHinduKiller)mountainsandthePamirs,
    whereanarrowstripofAfghanterritorycalledtheWakhanCorridorextendsbetween
    PakistanandTajikistan.TheHinduKushwastraditionallyregardedasthelast
    northwesternoutpostwhereHinduscouldventureinsafety.Theboundarylinewith
    Afghanistanwasdrawnin1893bySirMortimerDurand,thenforeignsecretaryinBritish
    India,andwasaccededtobytheamirofAfghanistanthatsameyear.Thisboundary,
    calledtheDurandLine,wasnotindoubtwhenPakistanbecameindependentin1947,
    althoughitslegitimacywasinlateryearsdisputedperiodicallybytheAfghangovernment
    aswellasbyPakhtuntribesstraddlingthePakistanAfghanistanborder.Ontheone
    hand,AfghanistanclaimedthattheDurandLinehadbeenimposedbyastrongerpower
    uponaweakerone,anditfavoredtheestablishmentofstillanotherstatetobecalled
    PashtunistanorPakhtunistan(seeIndependentPakistan,ch.1ForeignPolicy,ch.4).
    Ontheotherhand,Pakistan,asthelegateeoftheBritishintheregion,insistedonthe
    legalityandpermanenceoftheboundary.TheDurandLineremainedineffectin1994.
    Inthenortheasterntipofthecountry,Pakistancontrolsabout84,159squarekilometers
    oftheformerprincelystateofJammuandKashmir.Thisarea,consistingofAzad
    Kashmir(11,639squarekilometers)andmostoftheNorthernAreas(72,520square
    kilometers),whichincludesGilgitandBaltistan,isthemostvisuallystunningofPakistan.
    TheNorthernAreashasfiveoftheworld'sseventeenhighestmountains.Italsohas
    suchextensiveglaciersthatithassometimesbeencalledthe"thirdpole."Theboundary
    linehasbeenamatterofpivotaldisputebetweenPakistanandIndiasince1947,andthe
    SiachenGlacierinnorthernKashmirhasbeenanimportantarenaforfightingbetween
    thetwosidessince1984,althoughfarmoresoldiershavediedofexposuretothecold
    thanfromanyskirmishesintheconflict.
    FromtheeasternendoftheAfghanistanPakistanborder,aboundaryofabout520
    kilometersrunsgenerallysoutheastbetweenChinaandPakistan,endingnearthe
    KarakoramPass.Thislinewasdeterminedfrom1961to1965inaseriesofagreements
    betweenChinaandPakistan.Bymutualagreement,anewboundarytreatyistobe
    negotiatedbetweenChinaandPakistanwhenthedisputeoverKashmirisfinally
    resolvedbetweenIndiaandPakistan.
    ThePakistanIndiaceasefirelinerunsfromtheKarakoramPasswestsouthwesttoa
    pointabout130kilometersnortheastofLahore.Thisline,about770kilometerslong,
    wasarrangedwithUnitedNations(UN)assistanceattheendoftheIndoPakistaniWar
    of194748.TheceasefirelinecameintoeffectonJanuary1,1949,aftereighteen
    monthsoffightingandwaslastadjustedandagreeduponbythetwocountriesinthe
    SimlaAgreementofJuly1972.Sincethen,ithasbeengenerallyknownastheLineof
    Control.
    ThePakistanIndiaboundarycontinuesirregularlysouthwardforabout1,280kilometers,
    followingthelineofthe1947RadcliffeAward,namedforSirCyrilRadcliffe,theheadof
    theBritishboundarycommissiononthepartitionofPunjabandBengalin1947.Although
    thisboundarywithIndiaisnotformallydisputed,passionsstillrunhighonbothsidesof
    theborder.ManyIndianshadexpectedtheoriginalboundarylinetorunfarthertothe
    west,therebycedingLahoretoIndiaPakistanishadexpectedthelinetorunmuch
    farthereast,possiblygrantingthemcontrolofDelhi,theimperialcapitaloftheMughal
    Empire.
    Thesouthernbordersarefarlesscontentiousthanthoseinthenorth.TheTharDesertin
    theprovinceofSindhisseparatedinthesouthfromthesaltflatsoftheRannofKutchby
    aboundarythatwasfirstdelineatedin192324.Afterpartition,Pakistancontestedthe
    southernboundaryofSindh,andasuccessionofborderincidentsresulted.Theywere
    lessdangerousandlesswidespread,however,thantheconflictthateruptedinKashmir
    intheIndoPakistaniWarofAugust1965.Thesesouthernhostilitieswereendedby
    Britishmediation,andbothsidesacceptedtheawardoftheIndoPakistanWestern
    BoundaryCaseTribunaldesignatedbytheUNsecretarygeneral.Thetribunalmadeits
    awardonFebruary19,1968,delimitingalineof403kilometersthatwaslater
    demarcatedbyjointsurveyteams.Ofitsoriginalclaimofsome9,100squarekilometers,
    Pakistanwasawardedonlyabout780squarekilometers.Beyondthewesternterminus
    ofthetribunal'saward,thefinalstretchofPakistan'sborderwithIndiaisabout80
    kilometerslong,runningwestandsouthwesttoaninletoftheArabianSea.
    DataasofApril1994

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