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The procedures developed for two-
lane highway segments provide the
basis to evaluate level of service
and capacity.
For highway segment, there are two
levels of analysis:
1. Operational
2. Planning applications.
OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS PLANNING APPLICATIONS
Social angd
Safety Available environmental
funds factors
Classified according to their function in term of services they
provide
A systematic development of highway and the logical
highway responsibility among different jurisdiction
Categorized as rural and urban depending on the area of the
highway located and type of the land used and population.
Classification of rural and urban;
Minor Local
Principle Minor Major roads and
arterials arterials collectors collectors
streets
Level 40 50 60
Rolling 30 40 50
mountainous 20 30 40
Design Vehicle
Represented all vehicle on the highway
Selected design vehicle used to determine critical
design in features.
Table 15.2 (page 778)
Cross-sectional Element
Roadside and
Width of Curb and
Shoulders Medians median
travel lane gutters
barriers
Horizontal Alignment
Plan View
Vertical Alignment
Profile View
VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
Based on K factor :
- K is the length of the vertical curve per percent change in A (table 15.4)
=
LENGTH OF SAG VERTICAL CURVES
= For S< L
120 + 3.5
Safe condition, the minimum length of the sag vertical should assure a light
beam sight distance at least equal to SSD.
MINIMUM LENGTH BASED ON COMFORT CRITERION
Based on the fact that when a vehicle travels on sag vertical curve, both the
gravitational and centrifugal force acts in combination.(acts in opposition to each other)
Factor making difficult for comfort to measured
- Weight carried, body suspension of vehicle, tire flexibility
2
=
395
MINIMUM LENGTH OF CURVE BASED ON APPEARANCE CRITERION
Satisfied by assuring that the minimum length of the sag curve not less than expressed
by equation :
= 30
MINIMUM LENGTH BASED ON DRAINAGE CRITERION
Must be considered when the road is curbed
ELEVATION OF CREST & SAG VERTICAL
CURVES
The method to compute the elevation relies on the properties of the parabola:
= 2 + +
Where a is constant and b and c are 0, the maximum and minimum points and the
rate of change of slope from first & second derivative
Beginning of the curve is the BVC, end of the curve is EVC.
The intersection of the grade lines (tangent)is the PVI, which equidistant from
BVC and EVC.
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CREST &
SAG VERTICAL CURVES