PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY PROGRAM

MODULE: 2. METALS

WEEK SYLLABUS OUTCOMES TEACHING STRATEGIES & Jacaranda Sign

1 6. Metals and Alloys
The History of Metals
1. Outline and examine some uses of
different metals through history, including
contemporary uses, as uncombined metals
or as alloys.
2. Explain why energy input is necessary to
extract a metal from its ore.
3. Identify why there are more metals
available for people to use now than there
were 200 years ago.
4. Analyse information to relate the
chronology of the Bronze Age, the Iron Age
and the modern era and possible future
developments.
5. Gather information from secondary
resources by summarising and collating
information from a range of resources
ACTIVITIES Chemistry 1
Page Reference
The History of Metals Chapter 6
1. Gather and process data in the uses of metals 1. 109-111
such as copper, magnesium, lead and titanium
throughout history. 2. 112-113
2. Use examples of modern and historical furnaces
to identify that metals can only be obtained from 3. 114- 115
ores by the input of energy.
3. Identify the emergence of new technologies that 4/5. 111-114
were responsible for the greater use of metals in the 124-125
last two centuries. Relate the production of active
metals to the discovery of electrolysis.
4/5. Use a time line to analyse gathered information
about the ages of metals and alloys. Relate this
chronology to improvements in designs of furnaces
and the discovery of electricity.
DATA ANALYSIS 6.1 -- Timeline: the History of
Copper Revision 6.1
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Pages 116-117
6.1

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 Alloys Alloys

6. Describe the use of common alloys including 6. Use particle diagrams to compare the 6. 117- 121
steel, brass and solder and explain how these compositions of common alloys such as steel, brass
relate to their properties. and solder. 7. 118-121
7. Gather, process, analyse and present 7. Use gathered data to analyse the properties and 126
information from secondary sources on the
uses of a range of alloys.
range of alloys produced and the reasons for the
production and use of these alloys.
DATA ANALYSIS 6.2- The Melting Points of
Solders

Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 6.2

6.2 Pages 122-123

2 7. Metals and reactions Chapter 7

Metals and their reactivity
8. Describe observable changes when
metals react with dilute acid, water and
oxygen.
9. Describe and justify the criteria used to
place metals into an order of activity based
on their ease of reaction with oxygen, water
and dilute acids.
10. Identify the reaction of metals with
acids as requiring the transfer of electrons.
11. Perform a first-hand investigation
incorporating information from secondary
sources to determine the metal activity
series.
Metals and their reactivity
8. Demonstrate the relative reactivity of metals 8. 128-130
such as magnesium and iron (steel wool) in water,
dilute acid and when heated in oxygen. Describe 9. 130-131
the observations made.
9. Use data concerning the reactivity of metals in 10. 131
water, acid and oxygen to develop an activity series
of metals.
10. Write half-equations and ionic equations to
describe electron loss and gain when metals react 11. 138-139
with acids.
11. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 7.1 The activity
series of metals

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 12. Construct word and balanced formulae
equations for the reaction of metals with
water, oxygen, dilute acid.
13. Construct half-equations to represent
the electron transfer reactions occurring
when metals react with dilute hydrochloric
and dilute sulfuric acids.
14. Present information by using symbols
and formulae to express relationships and
using appropriate units for physical
quantities.
3 Reactivity and uses of metals
15. Outline examples of the selection of
metals for different purposes based on their
reactivity, with a particular emphasis on
current developments in the use of metals.
16. Identify the importance of first
ionisation energy in determining the relative
reactivity of metals.
17. Outline the relationship between the
relative activities of metals and their
positions on the Periodic Table.
18. Present information by using a variety
of pictorial representations to show
relationships and presenting information
clearly and succinctly.
12. Write word and whole formula equations for the 12. 128-130
reactions of metals with water, dilute acids and
oxygen. 13. 131
13. Write ionic-electron half equations for reactions
of metals with dilute acids. 14. 128-131
14. Use symbols and formulae correctly.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 7.1
7.1 Pages 131- 132
Reactivity and uses of metals Chapter 7
15. Tabulate the properties and uses of selected 15. 132- 133
metals such as magnesium, aluminium, titanium,
zinc, tin and copper.
16. Define the term "ionisation energy" and uses 16. 133-135
tabulated data to compare the relative activity of
metals. 17/18. 135-136
17/18. Use an outline map of the periodic table to
map the zones of reactive and unreactive metals.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 17.2
7.2 Pages 136-137
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4 8. The Periodic Table
The historical development of the
Periodic Table
19. Identify an appropriate model that has
been developed to describe atomic structure.
20. Outline the history of the development
of the Periodic Table including its origins,
the original data used to construct it and the
predictions made after its construction.
21. Process information from secondary
sources to develop a Periodic Table by
recognising patterns and trends in the
properties of elements and use available
evidence to predict the characteristics of
unknown elements both in groups and
across periods.
Periodic Trends
22. Explain the relationship between the
position of elements in the Periodic Table,
and: electrical conductivity; ionisation
energy; atomic radius; melting point;
boiling point; combining power (valency);
electronegativity; reactivity
23. Use computer-based technologies to
produce a table and a graph of changes in
one physical property across a period and
down a group.
The historical development of the Periodic Table Chapter 8
19. Use diagrams to explain Bohr's theory of the 19. 137
atom.
20. Draw up a timeline to analyse the history of the 20. 138-143
periodic table. Exercises should be based on
analysing original data (where possible) to show 21. 154-155
the development of ideas.
21. Process supplied data to develop a Periodic
Table . Use the structure of the table to solve
problems related to trends in various properties.
DATA ANALYSIS 8.1 - Modelling the periodic
table
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set
8.1 Revision 8.1
Pages 143- 144
Periodic Trends
22. Describe and explain the following trends in
properties in the periodic table:
electrical conductivity; ionisation energy; atomic 22. 144-150
radius; melting point; boiling point; combining
power (valency); electronegativity; reactivity
23. Process supplied data on the changes in a 23. 151
physical property across a period and down a 156
group.
DATA ANALYSIS 8.2- Computer graphing-
periodic trends
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 8.2
8.2 Page 152
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5 9. Chemical Analysis
Atomic weight and the mole theory
24. Define the mole as the number of atoms
in exactly 12g of carbon-12 (Avogadros
number).
25. Compare mass changes in samples of
metals when they combine with oxygen.
26. Describe the contribution of Gay-Lussac
to the understanding of gaseous reactions
and apply this to an understanding of the
mole concept.
27. Recount Avogadros law and describe its
importance in developing the mole concept.
28. Process information from secondary
sources to interpret balanced chemical
equations in terms of mole ratios.
29. Solve problems and analyse information
from secondary sources to perform
calculations involving Avogadros number
and the equation for calculating the number
m Lussac's law and relate this to mole theory.
of moles of a substance: n
M
30. Process information from secondary
sources to investigate the relationship
between the volumes of gases involved in
reactions involving a metal and relate this to
an understanding of the mole.
Atomic weight and the mole theory Chapter 9
24. Develop and understanding of mass and 24. 158-160, 164
quantity using the terms atomic weight, molecular
weight and the mole. Define the term "mole". Show 25. 159-161
weighed samples of a mole of various elements and
compounds. 26. 161-162
25. Analyse problems involving weight changes
when metals react with oxygen to form oxides. 27. 162-165
26. Describe the work of Gay-Lussac on combing
gas volumes and apply these ideas to the mole 28/29. 165-168
concept.
27. State Avogadro's Law and relate this law to 30. 176
Gay-Lussac experiments and Dalton's atomic
weight scale.
28/29. Write balanced equations and solve
problems related to mass and moles using the
m
formula: n
M
30. Analyse second hand data to demonstrate Gay-
DATA ANALYSIS 9.2 - Moles and volumes of
gases
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 9.1
9.1 Page 169

6 Empirical and molecular formulae Empirical and molecular formulae Chapter 9

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 31, Distinguish between empirical formulae
and molecular formulae.
32. Perform a first-hand investigation to
measure and identify the mass ratios of
metal to non-metal(s) in a common
compound and calculate its empirical
formula.
10. Extraction and the recycling of
metals
Ores and resources
33. Define the terms mineral and ore with
reference to economic and non-economic
deposits of natural resources.
34. Describe the relationship between the
commercial prices of common metals, their
actual abundances and relative costs of
production.
35. Explain why ores are non-renewable
resources.
36. Discuss the importance of predicting
yield in the identification, mining and
extraction of commercial ore deposits.
7 Extraction and recycling
31. Use examples such as hydrogen peroxide, 31. 170-173
ethylene and ethyl acetate to distinguish between
empirical and molecular formulae. 32. 175
32. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 9.1 - The
empirical formula of magnesium oxide
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 9.2
9.2 Pages 173-174
Ores and resources Chapter 10
33. Distinguish between ores and minerals. Use
data to explain why some ores are economic whilst 33. 178
others are not.
34. Discuss the economics of metal production with 34. 179-182
reference to location and size of the ore body,
concentration of metal in the ore body, yield, costs 35. 178
of extraction and mine establishment costs; world
metal prices. 36. 180-181
35. Describe ores as non-renewable resources 191-192
because they cannot be reformed once used.
36. Use examples and solve problems to establish
that prediction of yield is important in the decision
to extract a metal from an ore.
DATA ANALYSIS 10.1- The viability of mining
a vanadium ore deposit Revision 10.1
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Page 182
10.1
Extraction and recycling Chapter 10
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 37. Describe the separation processes, chemical 37. Identify some copper ores and use a flow chart 37. 183-188
reactions and energy considerations involved in to describe the separation of copper metal from
the extraction of copper from one of its ores. chalcopyrite. 38. 188-189
38. Recount the steps taken to recycle 38. Using aluminium as an example, construct a
aluminium.
flow chart for the recycling of aluminium. 39. 188
39. Justify the increased recycling of metals in
our society and across the world.
39. Describe reasons why metals should be
40. Analyse information to compare the cost recycled. 40. 192-193
and energy expenditure involved in the 40. DATA ANALYSIS 10.2- Recycling
extraction of aluminium from its ore and the aluminium and steel.
recycling of aluminium. Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 10.2
10.2 Page 190
8 GENERAL REVISION CD- Preliminary MODULE 2 - REVISION CD Preliminary
QUESTIONS - Chapters 6,7,8,9 and 10 MODULE 2
REVISION
Use the supplied set of questions to revise all of QUESTIONS
Module 2.
15 Multiple Choice and 20 open-ended questions in REVISION SETS
the style of the HSC are available.
Model answers are available on the CD. PROBLEM
SOLVING SETS
CD- MODULE 2 REVISION SET
Two sets of ten short and long answer questions
based on Module 2.
Set 3- Extraction of metals and alloys
Set 4- Reaction of metals and periodic table trends

CD- MODULE 2 PROBLEM SOLVING SETS

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Five problem-solving worksheets are available.
Set 3- Combining volumes of gases and
Avogadro's Law
Set 4- Molecular weight and percentage
composition
Set 5- Empirical and molecular formulae
Set 6- Mole calculations A
Set 7- Mole calculations B

Worked answers are supplied.