Chapter 1

1.1
Benefit of IT users:
1. Understand what is behind those applications
2. Enhance your organizations quality
3. Improve organizations performance and teamwork as well as own
productivity
4. Follow the rapid growth of organization
5. Help organization do some information technology choice

Information technology job

Web designer-create the world wide website
Webmaster-manager the organizations world wide website
CIO (chief information officer)-(1) highest ranking IS manager (2)
responsible for all strategic planning in the organization
Project manager-manage a particular new system development
project
System manager-manage a particular existing system

The change role of the management information system

Department
Traditional functions
1. Manage computer operation, including the computer center
2. Provide technical service
3. Staffing, training and developing IS skills

New (consultative) function of MIS department

Educating the non-MIS managers about IT
Educating the MIS staff about the business
Managing outsourcing

Difficulties about manage information:

1. Information systems have enormous strategic value to organizations
2. Information systems is very expensive to acquire, operate and
maintain
3. Evolution of the MIS function within the organization

1.2

1
Information technology (IT): a computer based tool that people
use to work with information and to support the information
and information processing needs of an organization.
Information system (IS): a system that collects, process,
analyze, disseminate information for a specific purpose
Types of information
1. Data: an elementary description of things, event, activities, and
transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not
organized to convey any specific meaning.
2. Information: the data are organized so that they have meaning and
value to recipient
3. Knowledge: consist of data and /or information that have been
organized and processed to convey understanding, experience,
accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current
problem.

1.3
CBIS (computer-based information system): an information
system that uses the computer technology to perform some or
all of its intended tasks.
1. Hardware: consist of processor, monitor, mouse, and keyboard
2. Software: a collection of programs that enable the hardware to
process data
3. Database: a collection of fields or tables containing data
4. Network: a connection system allows different computers to share
resources
5. Procedures: instructions to combine those components in order to
process for generate desire outcome
6. People: the people who use them

IT components plus IT service comprise the organizations

information technology infrastructure

Application: a computer program designed to support a

specific task or business process

Major capabilities of information system

1. Provide fast and accurate communication and collaboration within
and among organization
2. Perform high-speed, high volume numerical computation
3. Interpret vast amount of data quickly and efficiently
4. Automate business processes
5. Store huge amounts of easy-to-access data in a small space

Types of organizational information system

1. Function area IS: support the activities within specific functional

2
areas
(Ex: payroll)
2. Decision support system: provide access to data and analysis tools
(Ex: Excel)
3.Transaction processing system: processes transaction data from
business events
(Ex: checkout terminal)
4. Enterprise resource planning: integrates all functional areas of the
organization
5. Office automation system: support daily work activities of individuals
and groups

1.4
IT Impacts on job
IT impacts on managers
1. Reduces middle level managers
2. Provides manager real-time or near real-time information, which
allows mangers to use less time to make decisions
3. Allows managers to supervise geographically dispersed employee

IT impact on non-managerial workers

1. Eliminate jobs
2. Cause employee to experience a loss of identity
3. Cause job stress and physical problems

IT impacts on society
Advantages:
1. Provide the job opportunity for disabilities
2. Provide time flexibility in their work
3. Improve the health care

Disadvantages:
1. Place employees on constant call
2. Cause health problems for individuals
3. Misinform patient information potentially