International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)

ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-2, February 2015

A multi attribute decision making method based on

inclusion measure for interval neutrosophic sets
Rdvan ahin, Mesut Karabacak

[4]-[9]-[13]-[17]-[18]-[19]. Recently, ahin and Kk [13]

Abstract In this paper, we introduce an inclusion measure proposed the subsethood (inclusion) measure for single
for interval neutrosophic sets, which is one of information valued neutrosophic sets and applied it to a multi criteria
measures of interval neutrosophic theory. For this purpose, we
decision making problem with information of single valued
first give a system of axioms for inclusion measure of interval
neutrosophic sets. Using the concept of distance measure, we neutrosophic sets.
develop a simple inclusion measure for ranking the interval Fuzzy entropy, distance measure and similarity measure
neutrosophic sets. Finally, a multi attribute decision making are three basic concepts used in fuzzy sets theory. Usually
problem is presented to show effectiveness of proposed subsethood measures are constructed using implication
inclusion measure, and results obtained are discussed. Though operators, t-norms or t-conorns, entropy measures or
having a simple measure for calculation, the inclusion measure
cardinalities. In classical theory, it is said that a set is a
presents a new approach for handling the interval neutrosophic
information. subset of and is denoted by if every element of is
an element of , whenever is a universal set and are
Index Terms Inclusion (subsethood) measure , Interval two sets in . Therefore, inclusion measure should be two
neutrosophic sets, Neutrosophic sets, Multi attribute decision valued for crisp sets. That is, either is precisely subset of
making, Single valued neutrosophic sets or vice versa. But since an element in universal set can
belong to a fuzzy set to varying degrees, it is notable to
I. I. INTRODUCTION
consider situations describing as being "more and less" a
The concept of the neutrosophic set developed by subset of another set and to measure the degree of this
Smarandache [12] is a set model which generalizes the the inclusion. Fuzzy inclusion allows a given fuzzy set to contain
classic set, fuzzy set [21], interval fuzzy set [14] intuitionistic another to some degree between and . According to
fuzzy set [1] and interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy set [2]. In Zadehs fuzzy set containment, a fuzzy set contains a fuzzy
contrast to intuitionistic fuzzy sets and also interval valued set if ( ) ( ), for all in , in which and
intuitionistic fuzzy sets, indeterminacy degree of an element are the membership functions of and , respectively.
in a universe of discourse is expressed explicitly in the Various researcher have proposed different inclusion
neutrosophic set. There are three membership functions such measures [3]-[7]-[8]-[10]-[11]-[15]-[16]-[20].
that truth membership, indeterminacy membership and In this paper, we firstly review the systems of axioms of
falsity membership in a neutrosophic set, and they are Youngs fuzzy inclusion measure. Then we extend the
independent. However, the neutrosophic set generalizes the inclusion measure of single valued neutrosophic sets to
above mentioned sets from philosophical point of view and interval neutrosophic environment and give a new system of
its functions ( ) , ( ) and ( ) are real standard or axioms for inclusion measure of interval neutrosophic sets.
nonstandard subsets of - , and are defined by Moreover, we utilize the neutrosophic inclusion measure to
( ) - ,, ( ) - , and ( ) rank the interval neutrosophic sets. To demonstrate the
- , . That is, its components ( ) ( ) ( ) are effectiveness of the proposed inclusion measure, we consider
non-standard subsets included in the unitary nonstandard a multi attribute decision-making problem.
interval - ,or standard subsets included in the unitary
standard interval [0, 1] as in the intuitionistic fuzzy set. II. RELIMINARIES
Furthermore, the connectors in the intuitionistic fuzzy set are
In the following we give a brief review of some preliminaries.
only defined by ( ) and ( ) (i.e. truth-membership and 2.1 Neutrosophic set
falsity-membership), hence the indeterminacy ( ) is what is
left from 1, while in the neutrosophic set, they can be defined Definition 2.1 [12] Let be a space of points (objects) and
by any of them (no restriction) [12]. However, the . A neutrosophic set in is defined by a
neutrosophic set is to be difficult to use in real scientific or truth-membership function ( ) , an indeterminacy
engineering applications. So Wang et al. [5]-[6] defined the membership function ( ) and a falsity-membership
concepts of single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) and function ( ). ( ), ( ) and ( ) are real standard or
interval neutrosophic set (INS) which is an instance of a real nonstandard subsets of - , . That is ( )
neutrosophic set. At present, studies on the SVNSs and INSs - , , ( ) - , and ( ) - , .
are progressing rapidly in many different aspects There is not restriction on the sum of ( ), ( ) and ( ),
so ( ) ( ) ( ) .
Rdvan ahin, Bayburt University, Faculty of Education, Bayburt, Definition 2.2 [12] The complement of a neutrosophic set
69000, Turkey. is denoted by and is defined as ( ) * + ( ),
Mesut Karabacak, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, ( ) * + ( ) and ( ) * + ( ) for all
Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
.

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 A multi attribute decision making method based on inclusion measure for interval neutrosophic sets

Definition 2.3 [12] A neutrosophic set is contained in the * , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- +

other neutrosophic set , iff ( ) ( ), * , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- +
( ) ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ) then some operations can be defined as follows:
( )and ( ) ( ), ( ) ( )
for all . (1) { , * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+-
, * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+-
In the following, we will adopt the representations ( ), , * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+- }
( ) and ( ) instead of ( ) , ( ) and ( ),
respectively. (2) { , * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+-
, * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+-
2.2 Single valued neutrosophic sets , * ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+- }
A single valued neutrosophic set has been defined in [5] as (3) { , ( )
( )- , ( ) ( )-
follows: ( ) ,
( )- }
Definition 2.4 [5] Let be a universe of discourse. A single (4) , if ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),
valued neutrosophic set over is an object having the ( ) ( ) and ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) for all
form
* ( ) ( ) ( ) + (5) , if and .
where
Definition 2.10 [6] Let be an interval neutrosophic set over
( ) , -, ( ) , - and ( ) , -
.
with ( ) ( ) ( ) for all . The
values ( ) ( ) and ( ) denote the truth- membership (1) An interval neutrosophic set over is empty, denoted
degree, the indeterminacy-membership degree and the falsity by if ( ) , - , ( ) , - and
membership degree of to , respectively. ( ) , - for all .
Definition 2.5 [5] The complement of a single valued (2) An interval neutrosophic set over is absolute, denoted
neutrosophic set is denoted by and is defined as by if ( ) , - , ( ) , - and
( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) , and ( ) ( ) for ( ) , - for all .
all . That is, 2.4 Subsethood measure
* ( ) ( ) ( ) +
It is well known that subsethood measures can be generated
Definition 2.6 [5] A single valued neutrosophic set is from distance measures. In fuzzy set theory, fuzzy
contained in the other single valued neutrosophic set , subsethood is an important concept. Zadehs subsethood
, iff ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) and ( ) definition is given by for fuzzy sets and
( ) for all . ( ) ( )
Definition 2.7 ([5] Two single valued neutrosophic sets Since a element in universal set can belong to a fuzzy set
and are equal, written as , iff and . to varying degrees, it is more natural to consider an
Moreover, we denote the family of all the single valued
indicator of degree to which is subset of . In general, such
neutrosophic sets by ( ). ( ) ( ) , -
an indicator is a mapping
2.3 Interval neutrosophic sets satisfying special properties, called an inclusion indicator or
subsethood measure. A systems of axioms of fuzzy
An interval neutrosophic set is a model of a neutrosophic set, subsethood characterized by Young [20] is given in the
which can be used to handle uncertainty in fieds of scientific, following:
environment and engineering. We introduce the definition of
an interval neutrosophic set as follows. Definition 2.11 [20] A mapping ( ) ( ) , -
is called a fuzzy subsethood measure, if satisfies the
Definition 2.8 [6] Let be a space of points (objects) and
following properties (for all ( )):
Int[0,1] be the set of all closed subsets of , -. An interval
neutrosophic in is defined with the form (1) ( ) if and only if .
* ( ) ( ) ( ) + (2) Let [ ] where [ ] is the fuzzy set of defined by
where ( ) , - , ( ) , - and ( ) for each Then ( ) if and
( ) , - with ( ) ( ) [ ]

( ) for all . The intervals ( ) ( ) and only if .

( ) denote the truth-membership degree, the (3) If , then ( ) ( ); and if ,
indeterminacy-membership degree and the falsity then ( ) ( ).
membership degree of to , respectively.
For convenience, if let ( ) , ( ) ( )- , Now, we define the cross-entropy measure of interval
( ) , ( ) ( )- and ( ) , ( ) ( )-, then neutrosophic sets.
* , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- +
III. INCLUSION MEASURES FOR INTERVAL
with the condition, ( ) ( ) NEUTROSOPHIC SETS
( ) for all . Here, we only take the
sub-unitary interval of , - . Therefore, an interval In this section, we give a formal definition of inclusion
neutrosophic set is clearly neutrosophic set. measure for interval neutrosophic sets.
Assume that ( ) ( ) * + is a
Definition 2.9 [6] Let ( ) denote the family of all the distance between interval neutrosophic sets in . To establish
interval neutrosophic sets in universe , assume the inclusion indicator expressing the degree to which
( ) such that belongs to we use the distance between interval

14 www.ijeas.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-2, February 2015
neutrosophic sets and If it is considered the inclucion measure between INSs. It means that the decision
inclusion measure based on distance measure, we have the alternative is the optimal alternative which is the closest
formal given by alternative to positive ideal solution.
( ) ( )
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we adopt the normalized Hamming distance
between interval neutrosophic sets ([18]), In this paper, we have suggested a set of axioms for the
inclusion measure in a family of interval neutrosophic sets.
* , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- + Moreover, we have proposed a simple and natural inclusion
* , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- , ( ) ( )- + measure based on the normalized Hamming distance between
*| ( ) ( )| | ( ) ( )| interval neutrosophic sets. To analyze its performance, a
| ( ) ( )| | ( ) ( )| classification problem is established in multi attribute
| ( ) ( )| | ( ) ( )|+ decision making method under interval neutrosophic
environment. We hope that the findings in this paper will help
Definition 3.1 A mapping ( ) ( ) - is the researchers to enhance and promote the further study on
called a inclusion measure for interval neutrosophic sets, if inclusion measure to carry out general framework for the
satisfies the following properties (for all ( )). applications in practical life.
(1) ( ) if . ACKNOWLEDGMENT
(2) ( ) , ( ) ( )- R. . Author thanks to M.K Author for his valued
, ( ) ( )- and , ( ) ( )- , ,0.5] contributions to the paper.
(3) ( ) ,
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