Protozoa

Sporozoa ! Haemosporina
Genus And Species Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae
1 Etiologic agent of: Malignant tertian, sub tertian Benign Tertian Ovale malaria Quartan Malariae
2 Paroxysm 36-48 hrs 48 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs
Both young and Old; Young like Reticulocytes; Matured RBC;
3 Type of RBC and effects -
NO change in RBCs size Enlarged except in young trophozoite No change in RBCs size
Schizogonic cycle
Normal size RBC, pleomorphic forms,
o Young Trophozoite (T) Normal size RBC, Ring Form
appliqu or accole
o Growing T Presence of stippling Slightly larger RBC; amoeboid cytoplasm Presence of stippling Presence of stipling
o Mature T
o Young Schizont (S) Enlarged RBC, 2 chromatin dots (CD)
o Growing S 3-17 chromatin dots 3-11 chromatin dots 3-5 Chromatin dots
o Mature Schizont; 18-24-32 Chromatin dots; Enlarged RBC; haphazardly arranged 12- Normal size RBC; 6-12 CD in rosette;
o total # of merozoite 18-24-32 merozoites 24 chromatin dots; 12-24 merozoites 6-12 merozoites
Kidney/Lima bean shape; Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots
o Microgametocyte
Diffuse Chromatin dots located peripherally located peripherally
Crescent shaped; Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots
o Macrogametocyte
Compact chromatin dots located peripherally located peripherally
Stippling Maurers, Christophers, Garnhams dots; Schuffners dots; Ziemanns dots
4 James dots
Malarial Pigments Dark to Black aggregates Fine, yellow pigment Coarse, Brown pigment
Hypnozoites and secondary
5 exo-erythrocyte phase
- (Recrudescence) + (Recurrence) + (Recurrence) - (Recrudescence)
6 Transplacental Infection Documented None yet None yet
7 Pre-patent Period 8-12 days 8 days 14 days
8 Usual Incubation Period 7-27 days 8-31 days 26-37 days
Chloroquine, Quinine, Amodiaquine,
9 Treatment Quinine, Pyrimethamines, Primaquine Same Same
Pyrimethamines, Primaquine
Some strains are resistant to Chloroquine
10 Drug resistance None yet None yet None yet
and Amodiaquine
Plasmodia
1 Definitive Host Anopheles mosquito 10 MOT (Anopheles) Mosquito bite, Blood
2 Infective stage to DH Gametocytes 11 Means of Locomotion None (obligate intracellular)
3 Life cycle in DH Sporogeny 12 Habitat RBC, Hepatocytes
4 Cycle result in DH Sporozoite 13 Pathogenic stage Trophozoite, Merozoite
5 Intermediate Host Man 14 Pathogenesis TMTM (too many to mention)
6 Infective stage to IH Sporozoite 15 Life chances ID of organism in Blood smear
Direct Blood smear, Fields stain, Quantitative Buffy coat analysis, Acridine
7 Life cycle in IH Schizogeny 16 Diagnosis
orange Method
Determinant/s of Increased
8 POE Skin 17 Susceptibility
Duffy factor
Determinant/s of decreased
9 Cycle result in IH Merozoites 18 Susceptibility
G6PD Deficiency trait, PABA deficiency, Sickle cell anemia trait