1.

3a Faktor

1.3b Usahawan dan Peniaga

 S
I
F
A
T

U
S
A
H
A
W
A
N

Perbezaan Usahawan dan Peniaga

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
1.3c Peranan U sahaw an

PINJAMAN

Maksud Pinjaman
T
U
J
U
A
N

P
I
N
J
A
M
A
N
1.4c Kesan Pengkhususan
dalam pengeluaran
 Kelebihan
Kekurangan

1.5 SISTEM
BARTER
1.5a Maksud Sistem Barter

1.5b Kelemahan Sistem Barter

 1.2
1.2 PENGELUARAN
PENGELUARAN
1.2.1MAKSUD/DEFINISI:

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

______________________________________________
1.2.2 Proses
______________________________________________
Penciptaan
__________________________________________
nilai faedah
 1.2.3 Jenis Pengeluaran

__________________________________ __________________________________

__________________________________ __________________________________

__________________________________ __________________________________

__________________________ __________________________________

________________________
 Beza antara Pengeluaran Langsung dan Pengeluaran Tidak
Langsung

PERKARA PENGELUARAN PENGELUARAN TIDAK

LANGSUNG LANGSUNG
1. Waktu Berlaku

2. Cara Dipenuhi

3. Kaedah Pengeluaran

4. Jumlah Pengeluaran

5. Skala Pengeluaran
1.2.4 CABANG PENGELUARAN
1.PERUSAHAAN ialah _______________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

i. Industri Ekstraktif ialah ____________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

ii. Industri Perkilangan ialah ____________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

iii. Industri Pembinaan ________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
2. PERDAGANGAN ialah _____________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

i. Perniagaan ialah ___________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

ii. Bantuan Perniagaan ialah ____________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

3. PERKHIDMATAN LANGSUNG ialah __________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
 TANAH
TANAH BURUH
BURUH

____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

____________________________ 1.3
1.3 (a)
(a)
____________________________

FAKTOR
FAKTOR ____________________________
____________________________
FAKTOR
FAKTOR ____________________________
____________________________
PENGELUARA
PENGELUARA ________________
________________
NN

MODAL
MODAL USAHAWAN
USAHAWAN

____________________________ ____________________________

____________________________ ____________________________

____________________________ ____________________________

____________________________ ____________________________

____________________________ ____________________________

________________ ________________
 1.3 (b) PERBEZAAN USAHAWAN DAN PENIAGA

PERKARA USAHAWAN PENIAGA

1. Siapa

2. Keutamaan

3. Aktiviti

4. Skala Operasi

5. Contoh

____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
CIRI- CIRI
USAHAWAN
____________________________
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_________
_________
Peranan
Usahawan
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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_____________________
_____________________
_____________________ ___________________
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___________________
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 1.4 PENGKHUSUSAN
De
fi
Pengkhususan ialah ______________________________
ni
si ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

__

1.4.2 Jenis Pengkhususan

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

_________________ _________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

___________________________ ___________________________

_________________ _________________
 1.4.3 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan dalam Pengkhususan

KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

(4) (4)

(5) (5)
 1.5 SISTEM BARTER
DE
FI
NI
SI

______________ ______________

______________ Syarat ______________

______________ ______________

______________ ______________

______________ ______________

_________ 1.5.1 Kebaikan dan Kelemahan Sistem Barter

_________

KEBAIKAN KELEMAHAN
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

(4) (4)
BAB 2 : UNSUR
PERDAGANGAN
 Perdagangan ialah __________________________

__________________________________________

Maksu ______________________________________
d

Perniagaan ialah __________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

Perbezaan antara Perdagangan dengan Perniagaan

PERDAGANGAN PERNIAGAAN
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

(4) (4)
 PERNIAGAAN
PERNIAGAAN

1. PERNIAGAAN DALAM NEGERI ialah ___________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

i. Perniagaan runcit ialah _________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
 ii. Perniagaan borong ialah ________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. PERNIAGAAN ANTARABANGSA ialah _________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

i. Import ialah _________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

ii. Eksport ialah ________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

iii. Entreport ialah ______________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
 (1)

_______________________________________________________

B ___________________________________________________

A (2)

N _______________________________________________________

T ___________________________________________________

U (3)

A _______________________________________________________

N ___________________________________________________

P
E
R (4)

N _______________________________________________________

I ___________________________________________________

A (5)

G
A _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
A
N (6)

_______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
Kaitan antara Pengeluaran, Perdagangan dan Perniagaan

PENGELUARAN PERDAGANGAN PERNIAGAAN

 BAB 3 : PERNIAGAAN DALAM NEGERI

1. Perniagaan dalam
Negeri

2. Perniagaan Luar
Negeri / Antarabangsa

3. Perniagaan Borong

5. Perniagaan Runcit

6. Perniagaan Import

7. Perniagaan Eksport
 8. Perniagaan Entreport

3.1 Konsep Asas Perniagaan Dalam Negeri

Konsep Maksud

__________________________________________
3.2 Saluran Agihan
__________________________________________

Definisi __________________________________________

__________________________________________

b
Bentuk
c
Saluran
Agihan
d

f
 Sesuai sebagai saluran Jenis barang
Bentuk Ciri agihan untuk pengeluar sesuai dipasa
Saluran atau peniagan yang :
Agihan
a

Sesuai sebagai saluran Jenis barang

Bentuk Ciri agihan untuk pengeluar sesuai dipasa
Saluran atau peniagaan yang :
Agihan
d

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 Faktor
Pemilihan
Saluran Agihan
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
3.3 Fungsi Saluran Agihan dalam Perniagaan Runcit
_____________________
_____________________
3.4 Jenis Perniagaan Runcit

Jenis Perniagaan Runcit

 3.4.1 Peruncit Kecil-kecilan

Jenis dan Huraian

Jenis Huraian
i.

1. Peruncit Tanpa Kedai

ii.

i.

2. Peruncit Berkedai

ii.

C
I
R
IK
-E
CC
II
RL
I-
K
PE
EC
RI
UL
NA
CN
I
T
Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Perniagaan Runcit Kecil-kecilan

Kelebihan Kekurangan
3.4.2 Peruncit Besar-Besaran

PERUNCIT BESAR-BESARAN

C
I
R
IB
-E
CS
IA
RR
I-
B
PE
ES
RA
UR
NA
CN
I
T
 Ciri Kelebihan dan Kelemahan
Kelebihan Kelemahan

1. Kedai Sejaras
 Ciri Kelebihan dan Kelemahan
Kelebihan Kelemahan

2. Pasar Raya Besar

3. Koperasi Runcit

Ciri Kelebihan dan Kelemahan

Kelebihan Kelemahan
4. Pasar Raya

Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Pengguna Peniaga Pengguna Peniaga

5. Gedung Aneka Jabatan

Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Peniaga Pelanggan Peniaga Pelanggan

3.4.2 Bentuk Lain Peruncitan

B
E
N
T
U
K

L
A
I
N

P
E
R
U
N
C
I
T
A
N
Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Peniaga Pelanggan Peniaga Pelanggan

1. Mesin Peruncitan Automatik
2. Pesanan Mel

Ciri Kelebihan Kelemahan

Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Francaisi Francaisor Francaisi Francaisor

3. Perniagaan Francais
4. Jualan Langsung

Ciri Kelebihan Kelemahan

Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Peniaga Pelanggan Peniaga Pelanggan

5. E- Dagang

Ciri-ciri Kelebihan Kekurangan

Peniaga Pelanggan Peniaga Pelanggan

6. Televisyen Interaktif (TVI)
7. Kedai Katalog

Ciri Kelebihan Kelemahan

 3.4 PERNIAGAAN BORONG

M
a
k
s
u
d

Fungsi pemborong dalam

saluran agihan

Fungsi pemborong kepada pengeluar

Fungsi pemborong kepada peruncit

Fungsi pemborong kepada pengguna

 Persamaan di
antara
pemborong
dengan peruncit

Perbezaan Antara Perniagaan Borong Dengan Perniagaan Runcit

Pemborong Peruncit

1.Kedudukan dalam
saluran agihan

2.Saiz pembelian
Barang

3.Saiz modal

4.Kemudahan
Pergudangan

5.Hiasan dan
peragaan barang
 3.4.b JENIS-JENIS PEMBORONG

Pemborong

Pemborong saudagar Ejen

Pemborong berfungsi Pemborong berfungsi

penuh terhad

Pemborong saudagar

Pemborong berfungsi Penuh

Pemborong berfungsi terhad

 Jenis-jenis Pemborong Berfungsi Penuh

1. Pemborong am 3. Pemborong satu barisan

2. Pemborong khusus

Jenis-jenis Pemborong Berfungsi Terhad

 EJEN

Jenis-Jenis Ejen

1. Ejen Pengeluar 3. Broker

2. Ejen Penjual

3.4.c PENGAMBILALIHAN FUNGSI PEMBORONG

Keadaan yang

membolehkan

pengambil alih

fungsi

pemborong
D
OK
U
M
EN
SE
BE
LU
M
UR
US
N
IA DOKUMEN PERNIAGAAN DALAM NEGERI

GA
_______________________________________________________

(1) _______________________________________________________

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(2) _______________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________
D
OK (3)
_______________________________________________________

U _______________________________________________________

M _______________________________________________________

EN _______________________________________________________

SE _____________________________________________

LE
PA _______________________________________________________
(4)
S _______________________________________________________
U _______________________________________________________
RU _______________________________________________________
S _____________________________________________
N
IA
GA
_______________________________________________________
(1)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
D
OK
U (2)
_______________________________________________________

M _______________________________________________________

EN _______________________________________________________

SE _______________________________________________________

M _____________________________________________

AS
A
UR
US (1)
N
_______________________________________________________
IA
_______________________________________________________
GA
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

(2)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
D _______________________________________________________
(3)
OK _______________________________________________________

U _______________________________________________________

M _______________________________________________________

EN _____________________________________________

SE
M
_______________________________________________________
AS
_______________________________________________________
A
(4) _______________________________________________________
UR
_______________________________________________________
US (5) _____________________________________________
N
_______________________________________________________
IA
_______________________________________________________
GA
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

(6)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________
(7)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

(8) _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
3.6 KAEDAH JUALAN

3.6a Jualan Tunai

i) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________

KELEBIHAN
Penjual Pembeli
(1) (1)
(2) (2)

(3) (3)

KEKURANGAN
Penjual Pembeli
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

3.6b Jualan Kredit

i) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________

SEWA BELI
KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN
(1) (1)

(2) (2)
(3) (3)

(4) (4)

BAYARAN TERTUNDA
KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

3.6c Jualan Prabayar

i) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________

KELEBIHAN
PENJUAL PEMBELI
(1) (1)
(2) (2)

(3) (3)

KEKURANGAN
PENJUAL PEMBELI
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

3.6d Jualan Konsainan

i) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________
___________________________________________

KELEBIHAN
KONSAINOR KONSAINI
(1) (1)
(2) (2)

(3) (3)

KEKURANGAN
KONSAINOR KONSAINI
(1) (1)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

(4) (4)

4.0 PERNIAGAAN ANTARABANGSA

PERNIAGAAN ANTARABANGSA

IMPORT - EKSPORT -
D
OK
U
M 4.3a DOKUMEN
EN PERNIAGAAN ANTARABANGSA
PE
RN _______________________________________________________

IA (1) _______________________________________________________

GA _______________________________________________________

A _______________________________________________________

N _____________________________________________

(2) _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________
(3)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
D (4)
_______________________________________________________
OK
_______________________________________________________
U
_______________________________________________________
M
_____________________________________________
EN
PE _______________________________________________________

NG (1) _______________________________________________________

A _______________________________________________________

NG _______________________________________________________

KU _____________________________________________

TA
N

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

(2) _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
(3)
D _______________________________________________________
OK _______________________________________________________
U _____________________________________________
M
EN _______________________________________________________
PE _______________________________________________________
(1)
M _______________________________________________________
BA _______________________________________________________
YA _____________________________________________
RA
N

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

(2) _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
(3)
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

DOKUMEN KASTAM

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
 DOKUMEN INSURANS

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
Tidak terdapat satu definisi umum tentang Industri
_____________________________________________________

Kecil dan Sederhana di Malaysia.

Pelbagai agensi kerajaan telah menggariskan

definisi Industri Kecil dan Sederhana mengikut

5.0 INDUSTRI KECIL DAN SEDERHANA

criteria sendiri.

Pada Januari 1998, ___________________

____________________________________

mendefinisikan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana

sebagai______________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

__________________________________
Industri Kecil dan Sederhana ialah ____________

________________________________________

______________________________________

Ciri Industri Kecil dan Sederhana

Kegiatan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana
 KEPENTINGAN INDUSTRI
KECIL DAN SEDERHANA

1. Sumbangan Kepada Masyarakat :

2. Sumbangan Kepada Negara
Masalah Industri Kecil dan Sederhana
Cara Mengatasi Masalah Industri Kecil
dan Sederhana