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Chapter 7 Acid and Bases
Chapter 7 Acid and Bases
Calculation Steps
Definiton of Concentration mass of solute dissolved in 1dm3 of solvent.
Unit of concentration gdm-3
Definiton of Molarity number of moles of solute dissolved in 1dm3 of solvent.
Unit of molarity moldm-3
Relationship between Concentration and Molarity
Example 1
Calculate the concentration of 10 g of potassium hydroxide in 500 cm3 solution.
Example 2
Calculate the molarity of 1.4 moles sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in 250cm3 solution.
Example 3
23.40g of sodium chloride are dissolved in 200cm3 of water. Calculate the concentration in g dm-3.
[Ar: Na=23, Cl= 35.5]
1. n=MV or n=
2. Examples:
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14.Find the mass(in g)of Potassium Hydroxide used in order to produce 50cm3
1.5moldm-3 Potassium Hydroxide solution.
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Titration
Acid base Titration
1. Titration is a quantitative analysis method to determine the ________ of an acid that is
required to ______ a known _______ of an alkali, or vise versa with the help of an ______
indicator
2. The end point (neutral point) is the point at which _________ occur completely. All the
______ ions in acid combine with all the _____ ions alkali to form _____ which is
_____________ (pH= )
3. An acid-base indicator indicator is used to detect the end of the titration when it changes
colour.
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Discussion:
1. Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution
3. State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask when the end point of
nitration is reached.
4. Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in this activity
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Conclusion:
The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution determined through the titration
method is
Calculation on neutralisation
Example 1:
In an experiment, 26.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize
25.0cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide.
Example 2:
If 6.25cm3 of calcium hydroxide solution, Ca(OH)2, 0.1 mol dm-3, is neutralized
completely by hydrochloric acid,
HCl, 0.05 mol dm-3, what is the volume of HCl used?
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Example 3:
In an experiment, 12.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize
12.50cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide.
Example 4:
In an experiment, 26.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize
1.0moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide.
If the experiment is repeated by using same volume and concentration of Hydrochloric
acid to neutralize 1.0moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the volume of
sodium hydroxide.
Example 5:
In an experiment, 26.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize
1.0moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide.
If the experiment is repeated by using same volume and concentration of Sodium
Hydroxide solution to neutralize 1.0moldm-3 of Hydrochloric acid solution. Calculate
the volume of Hydrochloric acid.
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Example 6:
In an experiment, 12.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralize
1.0moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide.
If the experiment is repeated by using same volume and concentration of Sodium
Hydroxide solution to neutralize 1.0moldm-3 of Hydrochloric acid solution. Calculate
the volume of Hydrochloric acid.
Example 7:
In an experiment, 26.50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 Hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralize
1.0moldm-3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide.
If the experiment is repeated by using same volume and concentration of Sodium
Hydroxide solution to neutralize 1.0moldm-3 of Sulphuric acid solution. Calculate the
volume of Sulphuric acid.
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2. Procedures:
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Example 1:
3. What is the molarity of the sodium hydroxide pollution produced when 800 cm3
of distilled water is added to 200 cm3 of 0.8mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution?
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