Perhitungan Ketebalan Pipa

1. Minimum thickness
Pd . OD
t min=
SMYS . f d . T df
2.54 mm

2. Collapse Due to External Pressure

Py = 2.S.(t/D)
= 10.868 MPa
Pe = 2.E(t/D)^3/(1-v^2)
= 1.565 MPa
Pc = Py.Pe/(Py^2+Pe^2)^0.5
= 1.548 MPa
(Pi-Po) = 3.242 MPa
Fo .Pc = 1.084 MPa
(Pi-Po) Fo .Pc SAFE

3. Propagation Buckling
Pp = 24 .S. ft.(t/D)^2.4
= 0.367 MPa
fp = 0.8
fp . Pp = 0.294 MPa
(Pi-Po) = 3.242 MPa
Fp .Pp (Pi-Po) SAFE

4. Buckling Due to Combined Bending And External

Pressure
g () = 0.9091
b = t/2 OD
= 0.00754
= (g () (Pi-Po)/Pc). b
= - 0.0154
/ b + (Pi-Po)/Pc = 0.0587
/ b + (Pi-Po)/Pc g () SAFE

Perhitungan Ketebalan Pipa dengan Mathcad

DATA INPUT

Pipe data

outside diameter OD 6.625in pipe Ovality (API 5L) 0.5%

5
Young's modulus E 2.07 10 MPa poisson ratio 0.3
1
internal CA
(operating case) t_corr 3mm specified Minimum
kg Yield StrengthSMYS 360MPa
Fabrication method seawater 1025
Mf "seamless" 3 Max. watertoP_hyd
depth
(seamless/welded)
Environmental
Seawater Density
Data m HAT refer 5.405
CD HAT MPa
1.6m
Design Factor

- Design Factor
(Table A842.22 ASME B 31.8 fd 0.5

- Hydrotest Hoop Stress Design factor fh 0.9

(Table A842.22 ASME B 31.8

- Weld Joint Efficiency Factor fe 1.0

- Collapse Factor (External Collapse) fo 0.7

(API RP 1111 Sect 4.3.2.2)

- Collapse Factor combined Bending Strain and fc 0.7

External pressure
(API RP 1111 Sect 4.3.2.2)
fp 0.8
- Propagation buckle Design Factor
(API RP 1111 Sect 4.3.2.3.2)

- Temperature Derating Factor ft 1

(ASME B 31.8 Table 841.1.8-1)

- Max installation Bending Strain 1 0.15%

(API RP 1111 Appendix D, Sect D.4)

- Max In-place Bending Strain 2 0.15%

(API RP 1111 Appendix D, Sect D.4)

- Bending safety Factor for installation Bending Plus f1 2

External Pressure
(API RP 1111 Sect 4.3.2.2)

- Bending safety Factor for installation Bending Plus f2 2

External Pressure
(API RP 1111 Sect 4.3.2.2)
- Pressure Calculation

2 h_max_1yr
- Max WD (1 years RP) dmax_1yr Wd_max HAT surge_1yr
3

dmax_1yr 60.92 m

2 h_max_100yr
- Max WD (100 years RP) dmax_100yr Wd_max HAT surge_100yr
3

dmax_100yr 65.087 m

- Max External pressure Po_1 dmax_1yr seawater g

(1 years RP) 5
Po_1 6.124 10 Pa

- Max External pressure Po_100 dmax_100yr seawater g

(100 years RP)
5
Po_100 6.542 10 Pa

- Min. External pressure Po_min Wd_min seawater g

at Wd_min
5
Po_min 5.501 10 Pa

Po_max Wd_max
h_max_100yr
- Min. External pressure seawater g
6
PDi_wdmin 3.85 510 Pa
2
at Wd_max
Minimum Wall Thickness Required
3
Req Wall Thickness for Instalation t_reqin ( t_reqi t_mill ) t_reqin 5.131 10 m
3
Req Wall Thickness for Hydrotest t_reqhyd ( t_reqh t_mill
t_reqhyd
) 2.996 10 m

Min Req Wall Thickness for t_reqoper ( t_reqo t_mill t_corr )

operating (Functional) 3
t_reqoper 6.409 10 m

Min Req Wall Thickness for t_reqoped ( t_reqode t_mill t_corr )

operating (Depressurized)
3
t_reqoped 8.131 10 m

Wall Thickness Check

Check_wt t_nom if t_nom max( t_reqin t_reqhyd t_reqoped ) Check_wt 0.013 m
"select wall thickness again" otherwise
 Perhitungan On-Bottom Stability

Input Parameter

Pipe diameter OD 6.625in

tp 7.9mm
Pipe thickness
tfbe 0.5mm
Coating thickness FBE
t c 25mm
Concrete coating thickness
kg
p 7850
Density pipe material 3
m

kg
Density coating FBE fbe 1460
kg 3
c 3044 m
3
Density concrete Curr 90deg
m
Minor Output Value

Diameter inner pipe D_ip OD 2 tp D_ip 0.152 m

Diameter inner coating D_ic OD D_ic 0.168 m
Diameter outer coating FBE D_ocfbe D_ic 2 t fbe D_ocfbe 0.169 m

Diameter outer concrete coating D_occ D_ic 2 t fbe 2 t c D_occ 0.219 m

A_a
2 2
Annulus Area D_ip A_a 0.018 m

4

Area pipe A_p

OD2 D_ip 2 A_p 3.98 10
3 2
m
4

Area coating concrete A_c

2
D_occ D_ocfbe
2
4
2
A_c 0.015 m

Area coating fbe A_cfbe 4

D_ocfbe2 A_cfbe
2 4 2
D_ic 2.651 10 m

2
Area All A_all A_a A_p A_c A_all 0.037 m

Moment Inertia pipe I_p

OD4 D_ip 4 I_p 1.283 10
5 4
m
64
kg
kg
W_p A_p p Sw
W_p 57.977
31.245 m
Equivalent
Equivalent Weights
weight pipe
 Vertical Stability

Specific Grafity
Sw W_b
SFv SFv 1.1
W_b
SFv 2.508

if SFv 1.1 "Need More Thickness" "oke!" "oke!"

Hydrodynamic Force Acting On Pipeline

Minimum required Submerged Weight Calculation According To DNV RP F109

d
Natural Period Parameter According Tn
To DNV RP F109 g

Tn 2.375 s

Tn Tp s
0.229 4.841
Tp Hs 0.5
m

Peakness Parameter
s
5 if 3.6
0.5
m
s
1 if 5
0.5
m
3.3 otherwise
3.3
Assuming There No Reduction for Directional And Spreading Factor R=1,Us*=Us

Wave induced Current Velocity Perpendicular to the pipe according to DNV RP E305 Figure 2.1
0.03 Hs m
Us Us 0.058
Tn s
zero up crossing period according to DNV RP E305 Figure 2.2

Tu 1.25 Tp Tu 12.95 s

From the Soil Parameter data

6
Roughness zo 5.21 10 m
D_occ 4
A1 A1 4.209 10
zo
zo 5
B1 B1 2.376 10
D_occ

Average Velocity To Reference Velocity Ratio

Ud [ ( 1 B1) ln ( A1 1) 1] Ur
1

ln 1
zr

zo
m
Ud 0.515
s

Significant Acceleration
Us
A s 2
Tu

m
A s 0.028
2
s
Ud
M M 8.896
Current To Wave Velocity Ratio Us
Us Tu
Keulegan Carpenter Number KC KC 3.417
D_occ

Ud Us D_occ 5
RE RE 1.308 10
v
5
CD 1.2 if RE 3 10 M 0.8
Drag Coefficient
0.7 otherwise

CD 0.7
RE
Lift Coefficient CL 1.2 CL 0.938
5
5 10

Inertia Coefficient CI 2
 Soil Friction Coefficient

Soil Type: Clay

0.23

M 8.896

KC 3.417
Fw 1

Hydrodynamic Forces vs Required Submerged Weight

Phase Angle Range

Lift Force 90deg

sw
FL 0.5
g

D_occ CL Us cos ( ) Ud
2

sw
FD 0.5
g

D_occ CD Us cos ( ) Ud
2

sw 2
FI 0.25 D_occ CI A s sin ( )
g

Sw FL SFL 1.1
SFL
FD FI

SFL 5.403

if SFL 1.1 "Need More Thickness" "oke!" "oke!"
 Perhitungan Thermal Expansion

1. Pipe Calculation
Pipeline Internal Diameter
ID = D-2t
= 0,1525 m
Outer Diameter
OD = D+2.tcoat+2.tconc
= 0,219 m
 Cross Sectional Area
Ast = /4 (D2 ID2)
= 0,00398 m2
Pipe Radius
R = D/2
= 0,0842 m
2. Compressive Force
Endcap Force
Fend = /4 . ID2 . Pd
= 308705,718 N
Poissons Force
Fpoiss = v . Pd . Ast . (D-2t/2t)
= 33912,188 N
Thermal Force
Fterm = E . . (T2 T1) . Ast
= 340937 N
Axial Force
Fa = Fend- Fpoiss+ Fterm
= 615731,318 N
3. Pipeline Weight
Wpipe = 96,413 kg/m

4. Axial Friction Force

Ko = 1-Sin (/180)
= 0.983
Fr = [(H+R)(1+Ko)(so.R)+4/3(2+Ko)(Wope/)+4/3(2+Ko)(so.R2)]
= 9114,183 N

5. Virtual Anchor Length Calculation

Virtual Anchor Length
Lanch = Fa/Fr
= 67,557 m

Length Between Anchor

LD = Lpipe -2 Lanch
= 4014,885 m
6. Expansion Length Calculation
Expansion (Thermal Growth)

= 0,0505 m
 Perhitungan On-Bottom Stability

1. Calculation of Weight Pipe

Variation Thickness of Concrete
m inch
0.1143 0.45
0.0127 0.5
0.01905 0.75
0.0254 1
tconc used = 0.0254

Diameter of Linepipe With External Coating

D e =OD+ 2.t corr +2. t conc
= 0.2193 m
Diameter of Inner For Steel Pipe
D i=OD2. t

= 0.1493 m

Sectional Area

Internal Area of Pipe

A = . D i2
4
= 0.0175 m2
Area of Steel Pipe

A st = .(OD2 Di2)
4
= 0.219 m2
Area of Corrosion Coating
(D e 2. t conc )


.
4
A corr=
= 0.00027 m2
Area of Concrete Coating
De




.
4
A conc =
= 0.0152 m2
Overall Area of Linepipe
De



A t = .
4
= 0.0377 m2
2. Water Wave Induced Velocity
Natural Period
T n=
d
g
Tn = 2.375 s
Tn/Tp = 0.229
Peakness Parameter
Tp
= H

= 4.841s
= 5 if 3.6
1 if 5

3.3 othewise

= 3.3
Significant Velocity
DNV RP F109, Figure 3.2
 Tn/Tp =
0.229

Us = 0.15 Hs/
Tn
Us.Tn/Hs = 0.15

Us =
0.289 m/s

Zero Up
Crossing Period
DNV RP F109,Figure 3.2

Tn/Tp = 0.229
Tu/Tp = 1.03 Tu = 10.671 s

Number Oscillation In The Design Bottom Velocity Spectrum

T = 3 hrs
= 10800 s
= T/ Tu
= 1012.088
Wave Velocity Amplitude Perpendicular To Pipe
U' 1 0.5772
(
= 2. ln ( ) +
Us 2 )
2. ln ( )
U = 1.9376 m/s
3. Study Current Velocity
Ratio of Pipe Diameter To Bottom Roughness
OD/zo = 32300
 Ratio of Reference Steady Current Height To Bottom Roughness
zr =1m, zo = 5.21x10^-5 m, Ur =0.649 m/s
zr/zo = 191900

Average Velocity Across The Pipe

D

Ud=
( 1+
zo
De ) (
. ln e +1
zo ) .U
r
zr
ln ( zo
+1 )
5m
(1+ 5.21.10
0.219 m ) . ln (
0.219 m
5.21 .10 5 m )
+1
.0.649 m/s
= 1m
ln (
5.21 .10 5 m )
+1

Ud = 0.504 m/s
Ratio Velocity Across The Pipe
0.504 m/s
Ud/Ur = 0.649 m/s

= 0.5819
Rcurr = 0.866
Steady Current Velocity Perpendicular Pipe
V = Ud. Rcurr
= 0.436 m/s
4. Load Calculation
Soil type 2 = Clay
Soil Strength Parameter
clay=12152 N / m3
S u=8.6 kPa
Su
G=
De . clay
G = 3.227
Initial Penetration
k =(Su . De)/Wsub
=(8600N/m2 . 0.2193 m)/635.167N/m
= 2.969
 [ ]
0.7
G0.3 G0.3
Zpi = 0.0071. ( ) k
+ 0.062
k ( ) . De

[ ]
0.3 0.3 0.7

= 0.0071. ( 3.227
2.969 )
+ 0.062 (
3.227
2.969 ) .0 .2193 m

= 0.0088 m
Zpm = 0.5 Tan ().De
= 0.5 Tan (90).0.2193m
= 0.0347m
Penetration Depth
Zp = Zpi+ Zpm
= 0.0435 m
Load Reduction Due To Pipe Soil Interaction
Load Reduction Due To Permeable Seabed
rperm = 1
Load Reduction Due To Penetration
Horizontal Load
rpen;y = 1-1.4. (Zp/D)
= 1- 1.4 .(0.0435m/0.1683m)
= 0.6639
Vertikal Load
rpen;z = 1-1.3 (zp/D-0.1)
= 0.172
Total Load
Horizontal Load
Rtot_h = rperm . rpen;y
=1 . 0.6639
= 0.6639
Vertical Load
Rtot_v = 0.172

5. Ratio Between Period Single Design Oscilation

Kt = 1.25 if = 1.0
= 1.21 if = 3.3
= 1.17 if = 5.0
= 3.3

DNV RP 109, table 3.9

Peak Horizontal dan Vertikal Load Coeficient

K* = (U.Tu)/De
= (1.9376 m/s . 10.955 s)/ 0.2193 m
= 96.79
M* = U/V
= 1.9376 m/s /0.436 m/s
= 4.4
Cz = 0.9
Cy =1

Peak Horizontal Load

Fy* = Rtot;h . 0,5 . w. De. Cy .(U +V)2

= 0.663.0,5. 1025 kg/m3 .0.219 m .1.(19376 m/s +0.436 m/ s)2
= 2.79.761 N/m
Fz* = Rtot;v .0,5 . w. De. Cz .(U +V)2

= 0.172.0,5. 1025 kg/m3 .0.219 m .0.9.(19376 m/s +0.436 m/ s)2

= 65.231 N/m
6. Passive Resistance
7. Safety Factor
8. Check Stability