AGMA 908-B89 Geometry Factors For Spur and Helical Gears PDF

AGMA 908-B m Ob87575 000302b b y 4 m
-.
AGMA 908-B89
(Revision of AGMA 226.01)
April 1989
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

~~
Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance

D and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone
Gear Teeth
AGMA INFORMATION SHEET

(This Information Sheet is not an AGMA Standard)
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=Electric Boat/9993263100
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 06/07/2005 09:58:05 MDT
A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 0003027 580 W
INFORMATION SHEET
Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of
Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth
AGMA 908-B89
(Revision of AGMA 226.01 1984)
[Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit line
should read: Extracted from AGMA Standard 9084389, INFORMATION SHEET, Geometry Factors
for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear
Teeth, with the permission of the publisher, American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street,
Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.1
AGMA standards are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by
experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should determine that it is the
latest information available from the Association on the subject.
Suggestions for the improvement of this Standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 223 14.
ABSTRACT
This Information Sheet gives the equations for calculating the pitting resistance geometry factor, I, for
external and internal spur and helical gears, and the bending strength geometry factor, J , for external spur
and helical gears that are generated by rack-type tools (hobs, rack cutters or generating grinding wheels)
or pinion-type tools (shaper cutters). The Information Sheet also includes charts which provide geometry
factors, Z and J , for a range of typical gear sets and tooth forms.
Copyright O, 1989
American Gear Manufacturers Assocation

1500 King Street, Suite 201
Alexandria, Virginia 223 14
April, 1989
ISBN: 1-55589-525-5
AGMA ii 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003028 417 m
Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and Helical Gear Teeth
FOREWORD
1 [The foreword, footnotes, and appendices are provided for informational purposes only and should
not be construed as part of American Gear Manufacturers Association Information Sheet 908-B89,
Geometry Factors f o r Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and
Herringbone Gear Teeth.]
This Information Sheet, AGMA 908-B89, was prepared to assist designers making preliminary design
studies, and to present data that might prove useful for those designers without access to computer
programs. The tables for geometry factors contained in this Information Sheet do not cover all tooth
forms, pressure angles, and pinion and gear modifications, and are not applicable to all gear designs.
However, information is also contained for determining geometry factors for other conditions and
applications. It is hoped that sufficient geometry factor data is included to be of help to the majority of
gear designers.
Geometry factors for strength were first published in Information Sheet AGMA 225.01, March, 1959,
Strength of Spur, Helical, Herringbone and Bevel Gear Teeth. Additional geometry factors were later
published in Standards AGMA 220.02, AGMA 221.02, AGMA 222.02, and AGMA 223.01. AGMA
Technical Paper 229.07, October, 1963, Spur and Helical Gear Geometry Factors, contained many
geometry factors not previously published. Due to the number of requests for this paper, it was decided to
publish the data in the form of an Information Sheet which became AGMA 226.01, Geometry Factors for
Determining the Strength of Spur, Helical, Herringbone and Bevel Gear Teeth.
AGMA 218.01, AGMA Standard for Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and
Helical Involute Gear Teeth, was published with the methods for determining the geometry factors. When
AGMA 218.01 was revised as ANWAGMA 2001-B88, the calculation procedures for Geometry Factors,
I and J , were transferred to this revision of the Geometry Factor Information Sheet. The values of I and J
factors obtained using the methods of this Information sheet are the same as those of AGMA 218.01. The
) calculation procedure for I was simplified, but the end result is mathematically identical. Also, the
calculation of J was modified to include shaper cutters and an equation was added for the addendum
modification coefficient, x , previously undefined and all too often misunderstood. Appendices have been
added to document the historical derivation of both I and J .
Because an analytical method for calculating the Bending Strength Geometry Factor, J , is now
available, the layout procedure for establishing J has been eliminated from this document. All references
to geometry factors for bevel gears have been removed. This information is now available in AGMA
2003-A86, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated Straight Bevel, ZEROL Bevel
and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth.
The first draft of this Information Sheet, AGMA 908-B89, was presented to the Gear Rating
Committee in August, 1987. It was approved by the AGMA Gear Rating Committee on February 24,
1989, after several revisions. It was approved for publication by the AGMA Technical Division Executive
Committee on April 2 1,19 89.
I AGMA iii 908-B89

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AGHA 908-B W Ob87575 0003029 3 5 3 W
PERSO JNEL of the AGMA Committee for Gear Rating
Chairman: J. Bentley (Peerless-Winsmith)

Vice Chairman: O. LaBath (Cincinnati Gear )
ACTIVE MEMBERS
M. Antosiewicz (Falk) J. C. Leming (Arrow Gear) (Deceased)
J. D. Black (General Motors/AGT) L. Lloyd (Lufkin Industries)
E. J. Bodensieck (Bodensieck Engineering) J. Maddock (Consultant)
W. A. Bradley (AGMA) D. McCarthy (Dorris)
R. Calvert (Morgan Construction) D. R. McVittie (Gear Works - Seattle)
A. S . Cohen (Engranes y Maquinaria)
M. W. Neesley (Westech)
J. DeMarais (Bison Gear)
J. A. Nelson (General Electric)
R. Donoho (Clark Equipment)
W. P. Pizzichil (Philadelphia Gear)
R. J. Drago (Boeing)
D. W. Dudley (Honorary Member) J. W. Polder (Maag/NNI Netherlands)
R. Errichello (Academic Member) E. E. Shipley (Mechanical Technology)
H. Hagan (Nuttall Gear) W. L. Shoulders (Reliance Electric) (Deceased)
N. Hulse (General Electric) F. A. Thoma (Honorary Member)
H. Johnson (Browning Co.) C. C. Wang (Consultant)
X. D. Kemp (Kymmene-Stromberg Santasalo) R. Wasilewski (Arrow Gear)
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
J. Amendola (MAAG/Artec) D. L. Manet (Falk)
K. Beckman (Lufkin) T. J. Maluri (Gleason)
E. R. Braun (Eaton) B. W.McCoy (Marathon Le Tourneau)
D. L. Borden (Consultant) D.Moser (Nuttall Gear)
A. Brusse (Hamilton) B. L. Mumford (Alten Foundry)
G. Buziuk (Brad-Foote) W. Q. Nageli (MAAG)
J. Cianci (General Electric) B. C. Newcomb (Chicago Gear - D. O. James)
D. M. Connor (Cummins Engine) G. E. Olson (Cleveland Gear)
J. T. Cook (Dresser) J. R. Partridge (Lufkin Industries)
E. Danowski (Sumitomo Heavy Industries) A. E. Phillips (Emerson Electric/Brawning)
R. DiRusso (Kaman) B. D. Pyeatt (Amarillo Gear)
A. B. Dodd (NAVSEA System Command) T. Riley (NWL Control System)
L. L. Haas (SPEC0 Division) G. R. Schwartz (Dresser)
F. M. Hager (Cummins Engine) A. Seireg (Academic Member)
A. C. Hayes (DACA) E. R. Sewall (Sewall Gear)
W. H. Heller (Peerless-Winsmith) L. J. Smith (Invincible Gear)
G. Henriot (Engrenages et Reducteurs) M. Tanaka (Nippon Gear)
R. W. Hercus (F. W. Hercus) H.J. Trapp (Klingelnberg)
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
M. Hirt (Renk) T. Urabe (Tsubakimoto Chain)

W. H.Jogwick (Union Carbide) D. A. Wagner (General Motors/AGT)
T. Kameyama (Seiki-Kogyosho) R. E. Weider (Clark Equipment)
D. L. King (Terre11 Gear) L. E. Wilcox (Gleason)
P. Losekamp (Xtek) H. Winter (Academic Member)
K. Mariager (F. L. Smidth) J. Worek (IMO Delaval)
AGMA iv 908-B 89

Table of Contents
Section Title Page
1. Scope
1.1 Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor. I ................................. 1
1.2 Bending Strength Geometry Factor. J ................................. 1
1.3 Tables .......................................................... 1
1.4 Exceptions ....................................................... 1
1.5 Bending Stress in Internal Gears ..................................... 1
2 . Definitions and Symbols

2.1 Definitions ....................................................... 2
2.2 Symbols ......................................................... 2
3 . Basic Gear Geometry

3.1 Contact Ratios .................................................... 6
3.2 Minimum Length of the Lines of Contact ............................. 6
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.3 Load Sharing Ratio, m N ......................................... 6
3.4 Operating Helix Angle, qr ......................................... 6
3.5 Operating Normal Pressure Angle, +nr .............................. 6
4 . Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor. I

4.1 Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor Calculation ......................... 7
4.2 Operating Pitch Diameter of Pinion. d ................................ 7
4.3 Radii of Curvature of Profiles at Stress Calculation Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.4 ,,, .........................................
Helical Overlap Factor. C 7
5 . Bending Strength Geometry Factor. J

5.1 Virtual Spur Gear ................................................. 8
5.2 Pressure Angle at the Load Application Point .......................... 8
5.3 Generating Rack Shift Coefficient .................................... 9
5.4 Load Angle and Load Radius ....................................... 9
5.5 Tool Geometry .................................................. 10
5.6 Generating Pressure Angle ......................................... 12
5.7 Algorithm for Determining the Critical Point .......................... 13
5.8 Iteration Convergence ............................................. 14
5.9 Radius of Curvature of Root Fillet ................................... 15
5.10 Helical Factor. Ch ............................................. 15
5.11 Stress Correction Factor. Kf ....................................... 16
5.12 Helix Angle Factor. KQ ........................................ 16
5.13 Tooth Form Factor. Y ............................................ 16
6 . Determining Addendum Modification Coefficients

6.1 Generating Rack Shift Coefficients .................................. 16
6.2 Sum of the Addendum Modification Coefficients for Zero Backlash . . . . . . . 16
6.3 Tooth Thinning for Backlash ...................................... 17
6.4 Addendum Modification Coefficients ................................ 17
AGMA V 908-B 89

AGflA 908-B Ob87575 0003031 T O 1
Table of Contents (cont)

Section Title Page
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7. Geometry Factor Tables

7.1 Using the Tables ................................................. 17
7-2 Whole Depth .................................................... 18
7.3 Outside Diameter ................................................ 18
7.4 Type of Gearing ................................................. 18
7.5 Center Distance .................................................. 18
7.6 Tooth Thickness Backlash Allowance ................................ 18
7.7 Undercutting .................................................... 19
7.8 Top Land ...................................................... 19
7.9 Cutter Geometry ................................................. 19
7.10 Axial Contact Ratio ............................................... 19
Bibliography . . ................................................................ 53
Appendices
Appendix A Original Derivation of AGMA Geometry Factor for Pitting Resistance. I .... 55
Appendix B ANWAGMA 2001-B88 Pitting Resistance Formula Derivation ........... 61
Appendix C Explanation of the AGMA Gear Tooth Strength Rating Derivation
For External Gears ............................................... 65
Appendix D Selection of Shaper Cutter Geometry ................................ 69
Appendix E Derivation of Helical Overlap Factor. C,,, ............................. 71
Appendix F High Transverse Contact Ratio Gears ................................ 73
Tables
Table 2-1 Symbols Used in Equations ......................................... 2
Table 5-1 Limiting Variation in Action for Steel Spur Gears for Load Sharing . . . . . . . . 8
Tables I and J FACTORS ............................................... 20
Figures
Fig 3-1 Transverse Plane View of The Line of Action .......................... 5
Fig 5-1 Load Angle and Load Radius ....................................... 9

Fig 5-2 Pressure Angle Where Tooth Comes to Point .......................... 10
Fig 5-3 Shaper Cutter with Protuberance .................................... 11
Fig 5-4 Involute Drawn Through Point "S" .................................. 12
Fig 5-5 Pressure Angle Where Cutter Tooth Comes to a Point .................. 12
Fig 5-6 Angle to Center. S. of Tool Tip Radius (Effective Cutter) ............... 12
Fig 5-7 Critical Point of Maximum Bending Stress ............................ 13
Fig 5-8 Shaper Cutter Generation .......................................... 13
Fig 5-9 Iteration Function ................................................ 14
Fig 5-10 Oblique Contact Line ............................................. 15
Fig 5-11 Helical Factor. Ch ............................................... 15
Fig 7-1 Undercutting Criteria ............................................. 19
AGMA vi 908-B8 9
.'t.... . .
.4 . . . "I

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003032 948 m
1. Scope thickness due to protuberance below the active

profile is handled correctly by this method.
The procedures in this Information Sheet de- (7) The root profiles are stepped or irregular.
scribe the methods for determining Geometry The J factor calculation uses the stress correction
Factors for Pitting Resistance, I, and Bending factors developed by Dolan and Broghamer[11.
Strength, J . These values are then used in con- These factors may not be valid for root forms
junction with the rating procedures described in which are not smooth curves. For root profiles
AGMA 200 1-B88, Fundamental Rating Factors which are stepped or irregular, other stress correc-
and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and tion factors may be more appropriate.
Helical Gear Teeth, for evaluating various spur (8) Where root fillets of the gear teeth are
and helical gear designs produced using a generat- produced by a process other than generating.
ing process.
(9) The helix angle at the standard (refer-
1.1 Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor, I. A ence) diameter* is greater than 50 degrees.
mathematical procedure is described to determine
the Geometry Factor, I, for internal and external In addition to these exceptions, the following
gear sets of spur, conventional helical and low ax- conditions are assumed:
ial contact ratio, LACR, helical designs. (a) The friction effect on the direction of
force is neglected.
1.2 Bending Strength Geometry Factor, J . A (b) The fillet radius is assumed smooth (it is
mathematical procedure is described to determine actually a series of scallops).
the Geometry Factor, J, for external gear sets of
spur, conventional helical and low axial contact 1.5 Bending Stress in Internal Gears. The
ratio, LACR, helical design. The procedure is Lewis method [2] is an accepted method for cal-
valid for generated root fillets, which are pro- culating the bending stress in external gears, but
duced by both rack and pinion type tools. there has been much research [3] which shows
that Lewis method is not appropriate for internal
1.3 Tables. Several tables of precalculated Ge- gears. The Lewis method models the gear tooth
ometry Factors, I and J, are provided for various as a cantilever beam and is most accurate when
combinations of gearsets and tooth forms. applied to slender beams (external gear teeth with
1.4 Exceptions. The formulas of this Informa- low pressure angles), and inaccurate for short,
tion Sheet are not valid when any of the following stubby beams (internal gear teeth which are wide
conditions exist: at their base). Most industrial internal gears have
thin rims, where if bending failure occurs, the fa-
(1) Spur gears with transverse contact ratio
tigue crack runs radially through the rim rather
less than one, mp < 1.0.
than across the root of the tooth. Because of their
(2) Spur or helical gears with transverse con- thin rims, internal gears have ring-bending
tact ratio equal to or greater than two, m p 2 2.0. stresses which influence both the magnitude and
Additional information on high transverse contact the location of the maximum bending stress. Since
ratio gears is provided in Appendix F. the boundary conditions strongly influence the
(3) Interference exists between the tips of ring-bending stresses, the method by which the
teeth and root fillets. internal gear is constrained must be considered.
(4) The teeth are pointed. Also, the time history of the bending stress at a
( 5 ) Backlash is zero. particular point on the internal gear is important
(6) Undercut exists in an area above the theo- because the stresses alternate from tension to
retical start of active profile. The effect of this un- compression. Because the bending stresses in in-
dercut is to move the highest point of single tooth ternal gears are influenced by so many variables,
contact, negating the assumption of this calcula- no simplified model for calculating the bending
tion method. However, the reduction in tooth root stress in internal gears can be offered at this time.
[ 3 Numbers in brackets refer to the bibliography.
* Refer to AGMA 112.05 for further discussion of standard (reference) diameters.
AGMA 1 908-B 89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003033 884 m
2. Definitions and Symbols resistance and bending strength formulas are

shown in Table 2-1.
2.1 Definitions. The terms used, wherever ap-
NOTE: The symbols, definitions and termi-
plicable, conform to the following standards:
nology used in this Standard may differ
ANSI Y10.3-1968, Letter Symbols for Quan- from other AGMA standards. The user
tities Used in Mechanics of Solids should not assume that familiar symbols can
AGMA 112.05 Gear Nomenclature (Geome- be used without a careful study of these
try) Terms, Definitions, Symbols, and Abbrevia- definitions.
tions Units of measure are not shown in Table 2-1
AGMA 600.01 Metric Usage because the equations are in terms of unity nor-
2.2 Symbols. The symbols used in the pitting mal module or unity normal diametral pitch.
Table 2-1
Symbols Used in Equations
Symbols Terms Where First Used
Bn normal operating circular backlash Eq 6.7
C standard center distance Eq 6.4
Cl,C2 6 a..
distances along line of action (Fig 3-1) Eq 3.11-3.16
n 1 n 4 n 6 distances along line of action of virtual spur gear Eq 5.15-5.17
h helical factor Eq 5.69
operating center distance Eq 3.7
helical overlap factor Eq 4.1
cJI
Da i9Da2 addendum diameter, pinion and gear Eq 7.1-7.2
d pinion operating pitch diameter Eq 4.1
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
F effective face width Eq 3.20
H parameter for stress correction factor Eq 5.72
nominal tool addendum Eq 5.36
hF height of Lewis parabola Eq 5.62
I pitting resistance geometry factor Eq 4.1
J bending strength geometry factor Eq 5.1
J1 adjusted geometry factor Eq 7.6
Js geometry factor from table Eq 7.6
Kf stress correction factor Eq 5.1
helix angle factor Eq 5.77
KJI
L parameter for stress correction factor Eq 5.72
min minimum length of contact lines Eq 3.21
M parameter for stress correction factor Eq 5.72
mF axial contact ratio Eq 3.20
MG gear ratio Eq 3.1
mN load sharing ratio Eq 3.24
mn normal module Eq 7.9M
transverse contact ratio Eq 3.18
mP
n virtual tooth number Eq 5.2
virtual tooth number of tool Eq 5.29
ni pinion tooth number Eq 3.1
2 gear tooth number Eq 3.1
AGMA 2 908-B89

,+ * &
A G H A 908-B = Ob87575 0003034 7 5 0 =
Table 2-1 (cont)

na fractional part of mF Eq 3.22
nC tool tooth number Eq 5.29
nr fractional part of m Eq 3.22
P
nd normal diametral pitch Eq 7 . 5
pb transverse base pitch Eq 3.8
PN normal base pitch Eq 3.9
PX axial pitch Eq 3.19
R2 standard pitch radii, pinion and gear Eq 3.2-3.3
Rbli Rb2 base radii, pinion and gear Eq 3.5-3.6
Rbc base radius of tool Eq 5.34
RC standard pitch radius of tool Eq 5.33
%i mean radius of pinion Eq 4 . 3
R o l , R02 addendum radii, pinion and gear, internal and external Eq 3 . 1 2 , 3.15
Roc outside radius of tool Eq 5.36
n ) n2 reference pitch radii of virtual spur gear Eq 5 . 3 , 5.12
r; generating pitch radius of virtual spur gear Eq 5.51
no reference pitch radius of virtual tool Eq 5.30
G O
generating pitch radius of virtual tool Eq 5.52
i* radius to center S of tool tip radius Eq 5.39
na, na2 virtual outside radii Eq 5 . 5 , 5.14
rn b nb2 virtual base radii Eq 5.4, 5.13
%bo virtual base radii of tool Eq 5.31
nL virtual load radius Eq 5.28
SF tooth thickness at critical section Eq 5.72
n reference normal circular tooth thickness Eq 5.20
n i , n2 reference normal circular tooth thickness, pinion and gear Eq 6.1-6.2
na tooth thickness at outside diameter Eq 7 . 9
no reference normal circular tooth thickness of tool Eq 5.35
sns standard tooth thickness, thinned for backlash Eq 7 . 6
stock allowance per side of tooth Eq 5.37
X addendum modification coefficient at zero backlash Eq 5.19
x2
xl addendum modification coefficient, pinion and gear Eq 6.5
X generating rack shift coefficient Eq 5.19
g
xO
addendum modification coefficient of tool Eq 5.35
x g l *x g 2 generating rack shift coefficient, pinion and gear Eq 6.1-6.2
Y tooth form factor Eq 5 . 1
Y iteration function Eq 5.63
Y derivative of iteration function Eq 5.64
Z active length of line of action Eq 3.17
AGMA 3 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 0003035 657
Table 2-1 (cont)

angle of surface, normal Eq 5.53
iteration angle Eq 5.65
n angle between tangent to fillet and tooth center line Eq 5.59
Asn amount gear tooth is thinned for backlash Eq 5.19
80 amount of protuberance, tool Eq 5.38
8ao amount of effective protuberance, tool Eq 5.38
?n ordinate of gear fillet curve Fig 5-8
nF ordinate of critical point F Eq 5.61
en angular displacement of gear Eq 5.57
no angular displacement of tool Eq 5.56
KFiKS distance from pitch point to points F and S Eq 5.54, 5.55
ns angle to center S of tool tip radius Eq 5.47
1i.no auxiliary angle locating point S Eq 5.53
En abscissa of gear fillet curve Fig 5-8
E nF abscissa of critical point F Eq 5.60
p 1 * p2 radii of curvature of profiles at point Eq 4.1
of contact stress calculation
Pm, P m 2 radii of curvature of profile at mean radius Eq 4.8
Pa0 tool tip radius Eq 5.39
PF radius of curvature of fillet curve Eq 5.66
PF minimum radius of curvature of fillet curve Eq 5.68
Q standard transverse pressure angle Eq 3.4
Qn standard normal pressure angle Eq 3.4
Q; generating pressure angle Eq 5.48
QnL load angle Eq 5.22
pressure angle at radius where gear tooth is pointed Eq 5.22
+nP
Qnpo pressure angle at radius where tool tooth is pointed Eq 5.43
Qnr operating normal pressure angle Eq 3.28
Qnns pressure angle at point S on tool Eq 5.40
Qnw pressure angle at load application point Eq 5.10
Qr operating transverse pressure angle Eq 3.7
Jr standard helix angle Eq 3.2
% base helix angle Eq 3.10
Jrr operating helix angle Eq 3.27
o angle of inclination of helical contact line Eq 5.70
SUBSCRIPTS
o tool n normal or virtual spur gear
1 pinion r operating or running
2 gear - absence of a subscript indicates transverse
AGMA 90 8-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-6 W 0687575 000303b 593
3. Basic Gear Geometry
The following equations apply to spur and

where
helical gears where spur gearing is a particular
case with zero helix angle. Where double signs Cr = operating center distance
are used (e.&, t ) ,the upper sign applies to exter- Transverse base pitch, p b
nal gears and the lower sign applies to internal
IT
gears. The equations are derived in terms of unity Pb =
normal module (mn = 1.0) or unity normal nl
diametral pitch and are valid for any consistent set Normal base pitch, p N
of units. All angles are given in terms of radians, p N = 7T cos +n (Eq 3.9)
unless otherwise specified. Base helix angle, Qb
The following variables must be made dimen-
sionless by dividing with the normal module, m,, Qb = cos- (%)
PN (Eq 3.10)
or multiplying with the normal diametral pitch,
P n d , (See AGMA 112.05 for definitions of mn Figure 3-1 is a view of the line of action in the
or Pnd ). The variables to be adjusted are Cr , transverse plane. The lengths, c1 through c6,
are derived from Fig 3-1. See 1.4 item ( 6 ) . refer-
F , Ro 1, Ro 2, Roc Rc, ha0 80 Pa,* and AS,. y
encing exceptions regarding gear tooth undercut.
Gear ratio, mG
mG = -n2
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
nl
where
n 2 = gear tooth number
/ I \
n = pinion tooth number

Standard (reference) pitch radius, R
where
Q = standard helix angle
Standard (reference) pitch radius, R
R2 = R 1 m G
Standard transverse pressure angle, +
where
+n = standard normal pressure angle*
Pinion base radius, R b l
Rbl = R i COS + (Eq 3.5)
Gear base radius, Rb2
R b 2 = R b l mG Fig 3-1 Transverse Plane View of The

Operating transverse pressure angle, +r Line of Action
* For a complete discussion, see 9.01 of AGMA 112.05 Gear Nomenclature (Geometry) Terms,
Definitions, Symbols, and Abbreviations
AGMA 5 9 O 8-B 89
I >

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 0003037 q 2 T
Sixth distance along line of action, c6 where

F = effective face width at mn = 1.0
c6 = C, sin 9, (Eq 3.11)
For spur gears, m F = 0.0
First distance along line of action, C1
3.2 Minimum Length of the Lines of Contact.
C1 = 2 [C6-(Ro2- Rbz)0*5] (Eq 3.12) For spur gears with m < 2.0 the minimum
P
length of contact lines, Lmin, is:
where
Ro2 = addendum radius of gear, for L,in =F (Eq 3.21)
internal or external gears
For helical gears, two cases must be considered:
Third distance along line of action, C3
Case I, for nu 5 1 - n,
(Eq 3.13) (Eq 3.22)
Fourth distance along line of action, Cq

Case II, for na > 1 - nr
(Eq 3.14)
- m p F - (1 - n a )(i - n r ) PX
Fifth distance along line of action, C5 Lmin - cos @b
(Eq 3.23)
(Eq 3.15) where
nr = fractional part of m
where P
nu = fractional part of mF
Ro 1 = addendum radius of pinion
Example :
Second distance along line of action, C2 for a contact ratio, m of 1.4, then n, = 0.4
P
(Eq 3.16)
Active length of line of contact, Z 3.3 Load Sharing Ratio, mN

z = cg - c l (Eq 3.17) For helical gears:
F
Distance C2 locates the lowest point of single mN = - (Eq 3.24)
tooth contact (LPSTC) and distance C4 locates min
the highest point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) ,
For spur gears with m < 2.0, (Eq 3.21) gives
where C,, Rol and RO2 are values for mn = 1.0. P
L, = F, therefore:
3.1 Contact Ratios.
m N = 1.0 (Eq 3.25)
Transverse contact ratio, mp
For LACR helicals, ( m F I. l.O), load sharing is
L accomodated by CQ, therefore:
(Eq 3.18)
P = pb m N = 1.0 (Eq 3.26)
Axial pitch, p x
3.4 Operating Helix Angle, Qr
= L (Eq 3.19)
PX sin JI (Eq 3.27)
Axial contact ratio, mF

3.5 Operating Normal Pressure Angle, +nr
mF= F
- (Eq 3.20) +nr = si< (COSQb sin +r 1 (Eq 3.28)
PX
AGMA 6 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003038 3bb m
4. Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor, I Ro2 = addendum radius, gear, internal or

external
The pitting resistance geometry factor, I , is a
Radius of curvature of the pinion profile at
dimensionless number. It takes into account the
the point of contact stress calculation, pl
effects of: .L
(1) radii of curvature (Eq 4.4)

(2) load sharing where
(3) normal component of the transmitted load Rbl = base radius, pinion
4.1 Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor Radius of curvature of the gear profile at the
Calculation. point of contact stress calculation, p 2
where
= sixth distance along line of action
C6
(see Eq 3.11)
where
+,. = operating transverse pressure angle 4.3.2 Spur and Low Axial Contact Ratio
Helical Gears. For spurs and LACR helicals
= helical overlap factor (See 4.4 and
C,,, (mF 5 1.0) the radii of curvature are calculated
Appendix E)
at the LPSTC
d = pinion operating pitch diameter
P 1 = c2 0% 4.6)
rnN = load sharing ratio
where
p = radius of curvature of pinion profile C2 = second distance along line of action
at point of contact stress calculation (see Eq 3.16)
= radius of curvature of gear profile at
p2
point of contact stress calculation
4.4 Helical Overlap Factor, CQ*
4.2 Operating Pitch Diameter of Pinion, d.
' ) r For LACR helical gears (rnF 5 1.0)
d =
br
where
mG
"G!: 1
= gear ratio
C
Jr
where
=
[-l rn
F(l-
prn1prn2z )]Oa5
P ~ P ~ P N
(Eq 4.8)
Z = active length of line of action

4.3 Radii of Curvature of Profiles a t Stress
pN = normal base pitch
Calculation Point
4.3.1 Conventional Helical Gears. For Radius of curvature of the pinion profile at
conventional helical gears (mF > 1.0) the radii of the mean radius of the pinion, prnl
curvature are calculated at the mean radius or
middle of the working profile of the pinion where:
Mean radius of pinion, Rrnl Radius of curvature of the gear profile at the
. r 1 mean radius of the gear, prn2
(Eq 4.10)
For spurs and conventional helicals
where
Rol = addendum radius, pinion c+ = 1.0 (Eq 4.11)
* See Appendix E for derviation of C

zlr '
AGMA 7 9 08-B 89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G f l A 908-6 0687575 0003039 2 T 2
5. Bending Strength Geometry Factor, J (Eq 5.4)

The bending strength geometry factor, J , is a Virtual outside radius, rna
dimensionless number. It takes into account the
effects of: rna = rn + Ro - R1 (Eq 5 . 5 )
(1) shape of the tooth For spur gears, the actual geometry is used
(2) worst load position
(3) stress concentration n = nl (Eq 5-61
(4) load sharing between oblique lines of rn = R i (Eq 5.7)
contact in helical gears
'nb = R b l (Eq 5-81
Both tangential (bending) and radial (com-
pressive) components of the tooth load are in- 'na = (Eq 5.9)
cluded. This analysis applies to external gears
5.2 Pressure Angle a t the Load Application
only.
Point. Spur gears develop the most critical stress
The J factor calculation procedure must be when load is applied at the highest point of the
repeated for both the pinion and the gear using tooth where a single pair of teeth is carrying all of
the appropriate dimensions for each. the load. Spur gears having variations that pre-
vent two pairs of teeth from sharing the load may
J = -
y cJr
be stressed most heavily when the load is applied
Kf M N
at the tip. Table 5-1 has been used in previous
where
standards to establish the variation in base pitch
Y = tooth form factor (See 5.13) between the gear and pinion, which determines
= helical overlap factor (See 4.4) whether or not load sharing exists in steel spur
C,,,
= stress correction factor (See 5.11) gears. Values in excess of those shown in Table
Kf 5-1 require the use of tip loading.
mN = load sharing ratio (See 3.3)
Table 5-1
It is recognized that an anomaly exists when Limiting Variation in Action for Steel Spur
calculating the J factor for LACR gears where the Gears for Load Sharing
value obtained may be greater than a conventional (Variation in Normal Base Pitch)
helical gear. For this reason, it is recommended Maximum Allowable Variation in
that the J factor be calculated for both the LACR Number inches (mm),When Teeth Share Load
Of
condition and as a conventional helical gear, using Pinion Load per Inch of Face (per mm of face)
a value for F which is slightly greater than p x . Teeth 500 lb 1000 lb 2000 lb 4000 lb 8000 lb
The resulting conservative value should be used (90 N) (175 N) (350 N) (700 N) (1400 N)
unless otherwise justified. 15 0.0004 0.0007 0.0014 0.0024 0.0042
(0.01) (0.02) (0.04) (0.06) (0.11)
5 . 1 Virtual Spur Gear. The following analysis
is based on the work of Errichello [4] [5] [6]. 20 0.0003 0.0006 0.0011 0.0020 0.0036
Helical gears are considered to be virtual spur (0.01) (0.02) (0.03) (0.05) (0.09)
gears with the following virtual geometry: 25 0.0002 0.0005 0.0009 0.0017 0.0030
Virtual tooth number, n (0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.04) (0.08)
For helical gears and spur gears that are ana-

lyzed where the load is applied at the tip of the
Standard (reference) pitch radius of virtual spur tooth, the pressure angle at load application point,
gear, rn +nw,is given by:
r - -n
n - 2 (Eq 5.10)
Virtual base radius, rnb
AGMA 8 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 0003040 T L 4 W
For spur gears, where the highest bending As, = amount gear tooth is thinned for
stress occurs when the load is at the highest point backlash
of single tooth contact (HPSTC) , the pressure an-
gle is given by:
S, + A S, - rr I2
x = (Eq 5.20)
c4 2 tan +n
tan+ -- (Eq 5.11)
nW - rnb where
Equation 5.11 may also be used for LACR sn = normal circular tooth thickness
measured on the Standard (reference)
helical gears, but distance C4 must be based on pitch cylinder
the virtual spur gear. The following equations are IT
developed from analogy with Eqs 3.3, 3.6, 3.11,
sn = -
2
+2 x tan +n
g
(Eq 5.21)
3.12, 3.14, 5.5 and 5.11.
5.4 Load Angle and Load Radius. Figure 5-1
Standard (reference) pitch radius of virtual spur
defines the load angle, +nL, and the load radius,
gear, rn2
- rnL The load is shown applied at an arbitrary
n2 - n m G (Eq 5.12) point W , such that:
Virtual base radius, 5 b 2 +nL = tan r$nW - inv +nP (Eq 5.22)
nb2
-- nb mG (Eq 5.13) where
= pressure angle at radius where gear
Virtual outside radius, ga2 9, tooth is pointed. see Fig 5-2
na2 -- n2 + R02 - R2 (Eq 5.14)
Sixth distance along line of action, C n 6 , of vir-

tual spur gear
cn 6 = ( nb 2 + nb Itan +nr (Eq 5.15)
First distance along line of action, Cn 1, of virtual
spur gear
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2
cn1 = [Cn- (na2-$2 )O] (Eq 5 . l 6 )
Fourth distance along line of action,Cn4, of vir-
tual spur gear
n4 = ni PN (Eq 5.17) +
The pressure angle at load application point, +nw
= Cn 4
- (Eq 5.18)
nb
5.3 Generating Rack Shift Coefficient. The
generating rack shift coefficient, xg , applies to
the completely finished teeth. It includes the rack
shift for addendum modification plus the rack
shift for thinning the gear teeth to obtain back-
lash:
xg = x - Asn
(Eq 5.19)
2 tan +n
where
x = addendum modification coefficient
at zero backlash
AGMA

A G H A 908-B W Oh87575 000304L 950 W
equal a large number such as nc = 10 000. When

exact cutter dimensions are not known, refer to
Appendix D. Helical gears are considered to be
generated by a virtual shaper cutter with the fol-
lowing virtual geometry:
V i a l tooth number of tool, no
nc
no = - (Eq 5.29)
CO9 Jr
where
nc = tool tooth number
Standard (reference) pitch radius of virtual tool,
no
rn0 = -
2
(Eq 5.30)
Virtual base radii of tool, rnbo

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
nbo -- no cos 4n (Eq 5.31)
For spur gears, the actual cutter geometry is

used
no = n c (Eq 5.32)
Fig 5-2 Pressure Angle Where Tooth
Come&to Point no = Rc (Eq 5.33)
sn
inv+ = inv+, + zn (Eq 5.23)
where
nP
but Rc = standard pitch radius of tool
~ 9= ~ tan+n - 9, (Eq 5.24) nbo = Rbc (Eq 5.34)

2rn = n (Eq 5.25) where
= base radius of tool
inv+ = tan+n - 4n
nP
+sny (Eq 5.26) Rbc
Figure 5-3 shows a shaper cutter with protu-
Substituting this value in Eq 5.22 gives: berance,O. A tool without protuberance is a
+nL = tanQnw- tan4, + +n- n (Eq 5.27) particular case for which 8, = O. The center of
the tip radius, point S, is located by radius
Equation 5.27 gives the load angle for any r ioand angle &/2. The nominal tool adden-
load position specified by tan 4nnw. dum is h,, . The reference addendum related to
From Fig 5-1, the virtual load radius, rnL, is: the virtual radius, rno , is hu0 + x0, where Xo is
the addendum modification coefficient corre-
(Eq 5.28)
sponding to the present sharpening condition of
the cutter. The addendum modification coeffi-
5.5 Tool Geometry. The following analysis is cient of the tool, x0, relates the actual normal cir-
based on pinion type generating tools commonly cular tooth thickness of the tool, sno, to the
referred to as shaper cutters. However, the nominal value of m / 2 . If sno is known from
method applies equally well to rack-type generat- measurements of the tool, x0 may be calculated
ing tools by letting the tooth number of the tool from:
AGMA 9O 8-B8 9

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0003042 897 a
where
(Eq 5.35) Roc = outside radius of tool
where where sno, u s , Roc, and Rcare values for

S = reference normal circular tooth mn = 1.0.
no
thickness of tool
Finishing hobs usually have sno=rr12 in
NOTE: xo is positive when sno> IT/^ (cor- which case xo = O. A pre-grind hob which has
responding to a new shaper cutter), or
teeth thinner than 1712 to provide stock allowance
negative when sno < rr12 (corresponding to for grinding usually has a tooth thickness of:
a used shaper cutter). Near the mid-life of
the cutter, its tooth thickness equals ~ r / 2 sno -- r -
r - 2u, (Eq 5.37)
2
and xo = 0.0.
where
us = stock allowance per side of the gear
tooth
Since us is removed during grinding, the basic
rack corresponding to the finished gear teeth is
used for the analysis; Le., let sno = 7 ~ 1 2and re-
duce the amount of protuberance:
xo = o
suo = so - us cos 4Jn (Eq 5.38)
-
Tr where
O suo = amount of effective protuberance,
tool
8, = amount of protuberance, tool
from Fig 5-3

r,So = no t huo t xo - pa0
(Eq 5.39)
.
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
where
r S = radius to center S of tool tip
no
radius
Pau = tool tip radius
Figure 5-4 shows an involute drawn through

@TOOL TOOTH
point S. The pressure angle at point S on
&TOOL SPACE tool, gs,
is:
Fig 5-3 Shaper Cutter with
Protuberance = cos -1 (--)nbo (Eq 5.40)
+ns
no
The nominal tool addendum is defined as the
addendum where the normal circular tooth thick-
inv+ns = tan 4~~~ - ,+ (Eq 5.41)
ness of the tool equals the nominal value of ~ 1 2 . The reference circular tooth thickness of the
If the outside radius of the tool is known from cutter is:
measurements, the nominal tool addendum, hu0 , 7T
no - 2 + 2 x 0 tan+,
- (Eq 5.42)
may be calculated from:
In Fig 5-5, 4Jnpo is the pressure angle where
bao= Roc- Rc- x 0 (Eq 5.36) the cutter tooth comes to a point. It is given by:
AGMA 11 90 8-B 8 9

A G M A 908-B = O687575 00030Ll3 7 2 3
inv+
nP0
= inv +n+ ,no - (Eq 5.43)
2rno
but:
inv+n = tan +n - +n (Eq 5.44)
- (Eq 5.45)
no - no
inv+ = tan +n - +n +-no (Eq 5.46)

nP0 n0
from Fig 5-6
-= inv+npo - inv+ns + (800- pa0 )

2 rnbo (Eq 5.47)
where
A, = angle to center S of tool tip radius inv
Fig 5-5 Pressure Angle Where Cutter

Tooth Comes to a Point
Fig 5-4 Involute Drawn Through Point

S
5.6 Generating Pressure Angle. The generating
pressure angle, 4; , depends on the virtual center
distance between the cutter and the gear which is
determined by xg and Xo. The generating pres-
sure angle, 4; , is obtained from:
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
inv+i = + 2(x
8
+ xo )tan+n
n + no Fig 5-6 Angle to Center, S, of Tool Tip
(Eq 5.48) Radius (Effective Cutter)
AGMA 9O 8-B89

A L M A 908-B Ob87575 0003044 bbT
Arc involute may be solved by iteration.[5] From Fig 5-8 the auxiliary angle locating point
Let the first trial value for be: ;+ S , p n o , is:
+;i= (3 inv ;+ 0.33

) (Eq 5.49)
This trial value is successively improved upon
using:
where
a, = angle of surface normal
a
5.6.1 Generating Pitch Radii. The gen-
erating pitch radius of virtual spur gear, r l , is:
(Eq 5.51)
The generating pitch radius of virtual tool, 5; , is: il

(Eq 5.52)
5.7 Algorithm for Determining the Critical

Point. Figure 5-7 shows the critical point of
maximum bending stress located at the intersec-
tion of the Lewis parabola and the gear tooth fil-
let. To locate this point, we consider the relative
motion between the shaper cutter and the gener-
ated gear tooth. Figure 5-8 shows the shaper cut-
ter generating an arbitrary point F on the gear
tooth fillet. From the law of conjugate gear tooth
action, point F lies on a line which extends
from the generating pitch point P through the
center of the tool tip radius, point S . The fillet
coordinates are best expressed by selecting the an-
gle a, as the independent parameter. Then for
a n = n / 2 , generating starts at the lowest point on
the fillet and proceeds up the fillet as a n is dimin-
ished corresponding to clockwise rotation of the
tool and counter-clockwise rotation of the gear.
I
GEAR TOOTH
VERTEX
. CENTERLINE
.CRITICAL
POINT
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Fig 5-7 Critical Point of Maximum

Bending Stress Fig 5-8 Shaper Cutter Generation
AGMA 13 908-B89

A G M A 908-B 0687575 00030V5 5Tb W
Distance from pitch point to point S, K S , is: hF = height of Lewis parabola

Differentiating Eq 5.63 gives:
The distance from pitch point to point F, K F ,

is:
K F = K S - Pa, (Eq 5.55)
K F and K S are vectors and may be positive or

negative. II r sin a,, 1
The angular displacement of tool, eno, is:
(Eq 5.56) (Eq 5.64)
The gear rotation angle is: where

y = derivative of iteration function
n (Eq 5.57)
en = en, Assuming an initial approximation for a!, = 7~14,
where it is successively improved upon by using Newtons
= angular displacement of gear Method of iteration.
e,
L (Eq 5.65)
(Eq 5.58) an1 = a n - y
On each iteration, a n is set equal to ani and
The slope of the line tangent to the fillet at Eq 5.53 through Eq 5.65 are iterated until [y[in
point F is: Eq 5.63 is a negligible tolerance.
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
,= an -8, (Eq 5.59) 5.8 Iteration Convergence. Equation 5.63, ex-

pressing the function y = f ( a! n ) , is plotted in Fig
where 5-9 for a typical case. By selecting an=n/4as
= angle between tangent to fillet and the initial approximation, rapid convergence to
,
tooth center line the proper root is obtained, usually within 3 to 5
The coordinates of critical point F are: iterations. This choice for the initial value pre-
vents convergence to the incorrect root which ex-
The abscissa of critical point F , gnF
,
ists closer to a = O. This incorrect root corre-
En, = r; sin en + KF cos n (Eq 5.60) sponds to the case where the Lewis parabola is
inverted, opening upward rather than downward.
The ordinate of critical point F , qnF 15
q n F = r i cos9, + KF sin, (Eq 5.61)

10
Let
Y = f(a!n)
(Eq 5.62)
hF = rnL- nF 5
For point F to be on the Lewis parabola,

the following equation must be satisfied: O
y = 2hF tan, - knF = O (Eq 5.63)
I I I
-5 O ml4 nt2
where an
y = iteration function Fig 5-9 Iteration Function
AGMA 9O 8-B 89

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 000304b 432
5.9 Radius of Curvature of Root Fillet. The addendum beyond the loaded portion (see Fig
radius of curvature of the fillet curve, at any Pk, 5-10)
point defined by a n is given by:
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(Eq 5.66)
KS = r" -T' (Eq 5.67)

no no
The J factor uses the minimum radius of cur- NOTE: Full Buttressing Exists When
vature which occurs at the point where the fillet 5 2 One Addendum
curve is tangent to the root circle, where a = n / 2 Fig 5-10 Oblique Contact Line
and pno = O.
For Spur and LACR Helical Gears(mF 5 1.0), a
Subsituting, the minimum radius of curvature of unity value is used,
fillet curve, pF, is:
Ch = 1.0 (Eq 5.69)
For conventional Helical Gears, when mF > 1.0

c - 1
(Eq 5.70)
5.10 Helical Factor, Ch. The helical factor, h- o .5
C h , is the ratio of the root bending moment pro-
duced by tip loading to the root bending moment
produced by the same intensity of loading applied where
along the oblique helical contact line. It is based w = angle of inclination of helical
on the work of Wellauer and Seireg [7]. contact line in degrees
w = tan-1 (tan+ sin+n) (Eq 5.71)
If the worst condition of load occurs where
full buttressing exists, the value of Ch may be in- Equation 5.70 is valid for + < 50'.
creased by 10 percent. Full buttressing exists
when the face of the tooth extends at least one Ch values can be taken from Fig 5-11
2.0
= 30'
1.8
= 22O
P
O
1.6
o
.CI = 15'
9
1.2
1 .o
Helix Angle, $
Fig 5-11 Helical Factor, ch
AGMA 15 90 8-B 8 9

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0003047 379 m
The helical factor, C h , is based on the work 6. Determining Addendum Modification

of Wellauer and Seireg [7]. Coefficients
5.11 Stress Correction Factor, Kf. The stress In order to use Section 5, x1 and x2 must be
correction factor, KI, includes the effects of stress determined. If these values are not known, this
concentration and load location, based on the Section provides a method for determining them.
work of Dolan and Broghamer [i]. It is given by:
6.1 Generating Rack Shift Coefficients. If the
normal circular tooth thicknesses are known, the
(Eq 5.72)
generating rack shift coefficients are found from
Eqs 6.1 and 6.2.
where
sF = tooth thickness at critical section x - 51-? 0% 6.1)
gl - 2 tan+n
pF
= 2EnF
= minimum radius of curvature of

(Eq 5.73)
xg2 = P 22tan
- Tc$~ )
fillet curve
exg = x 82 +
- x 81 (Eq 6.3)
= height of Lewis parabola
hF
H = 0.331 - 0.436+n (Eq 5.74) where
X = generating rack shift coefficient,
L = 0.324 - 0.492& (Eq 5.75) gl
pinion
M = 0.261 t 0.545+n (Eq 5.76)
X = generating rack shift coefficient,
82
where gear
+n = standard normal pressure angle Exg = sum of generating rack shift
coefficients
Note: In order to calculate an accurate Snl = reference normal circular tooth

value for Kf , the significant decimal thickness, pinion (see Eq 5.21)
places in Eq 5.74 through 5.76 are neces- Sn2 = reference normal circular tooth
sary. The resulting values of H, L and M thickness, gear (see Eq 5.21)
may be rounded to two decimal places.
6.2 Sum of Addendum Modification Coeffi-
5.12 Helix Angle Factor, KJ,. The helix angle cients for Zero Backlash. Although the amount
of tooth thinning applied to each gear may be un-
factor, KJ,, depends on the type of gear.
known, the sum of the addendum modification
For Spur and LACR Helical Gears(mF <_ l.O), a coefficients for the gear pair, ex, can be estab-
unity value is used, KJ,= 1.0 lished.
c (inv 4,. - inv +)
For Conventional Helical Gears, when mF > 1.0 ex =
tan +
KJ, = COS$,. COS$ (Eq 5.77)
ex = x2 f x1 (Eq 6.5)
5.13 Tooth Form Factor, Y. The tooth form C = R 2 f Ri 0% 6-61
factor, Y, is calculated by:
where
x = addendum modification coefficient,
pinion
x2 = addendum modification coefficient,
gear
AGMA 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AGMA 908-El 0687575 0003048 205 =
C = standard center distance criteria listed in 7.1 through 7.10 were used in cal-
culating the table values.
R 1 = standard pitch radius, pinion
The following paragraphs and equations use
R2 = standard pitch radius, gear dimensionless numbers to describe the gear ge-
6.3 Tooth Thinning for Backlash. It is usually ometry. To make actual measurements dimen-
impossible to determine the ratio As, / A sn2 sionless, they are converted to ratios by multiply-
that was used for existing gears. The following ing them by diametral pitch, dividing them by
analysis is based on common practice where module, or comparing them to a IT (3.1416) circu-
Asnl = Asn2, in which case: lar pitch at the standard pitch diameter. Any con-
sistent system of units can be used for this conver-
sion, see Section 3.
7.1 Using the Tables. Each table of I and J
values was generated for a specific tool form (ba-
Asnl= Asn2= sic rack) defined by whole depth factor, normal
pressure (profile) angle and tool edge (tip) radius.
where Each tool form was used to generate 66 tables of
B, = normal operating circular backlash values:
C, = operating center distance For spur gears:
Loaded at Tip
A ~n1= tooth thinning for backlash, pinion x1 = x p = o
A s2=
tooth thinning for backlash, gear x1 = 0.25, xz = -0.25
X I = 0.50, xp = -0.50
6.4 Addendum Modification Coefficients. The Loaded at HPSTC

addendum modification coefficients, xi and x2, x1 = x2 = o
can be established from Eq 6.9 and 6.10. x1 = 0.25, xp = -0.25
x1 = 0.50, xp = -0.50
For helical gears:

10 degree standard helix angle
x1 = xp = o
X I = 0.25, xp = -0.25
x 2 = xg2 2 "n2 (Eq 6.10) x1 = 0.50, xp = -0.50
2 tan Qn
15 degree standard helix angle
x1 = x p = o
7. Geometry Factor Tables x1 = 0.25, x p = -0.25
x1 = 0.50, xp = -0.50
The following tables provide the Geometry 20 degree standard helix angle
Factor for Pitting Resistance, I , and the Geometry x1 = xp = o
Factor for Bending Strength, J , for a range of x1 = 0.25, x2 = -0.25
typical pairs of gears. The tables were prepared x1 = 0.50, x2 = -0.50
by computer, programmed in accordance with
Section 5. The values were rounded to two sig- 25 degree standard helix angle
nificant figures. The tables cover various combi- x1 = xp = o
nations of helix angle, pressure angle, whole x1 = 0.25, x p = -0.25
depth, tool edge radius, tooth load point and ad- x1 = 0.50, x2 = -0.50
dendum modification. The Tables do not cover all 30 degree standard helix angle
tooth forms, pressure angles, and pinion or gear x1 = x p = o
modifications, and are not applicable to all gear x1 = 0.25, xp = -0.25
designs. In addition to the basic geometry, the XI = 0.50, xp = -0.50
AGMA 17 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 0003049 1 4 1
To obtain values for I and J , enter the table c = -n l +n2

for the appropriate whole depth factor tool, helix
angle, loading condition and addendum modifica-
2cos *
where
tion factor and select values for the numbers of
C = standard center distance.
pinion and gear teeth. If the exact values for your
gearset are not listed, the calculation method of For this center distance the sum of the adden-
Section 5 is recommended. Interpolation is not dum modification coefficients is zero (See 5.3 for
recommended. definitions),
A "U" in the tables indicates a gear tooth x1+x2 = o (Eq 7-41
combination which should be avoided due to un-
dercutting. where
A "T" in the tables indicates a gear tooth
x = addendum modification coefficient,
combination which should be avoided due to
pinion
pointed pinion teeth.
x2 = addendum modification coefficient,
7.2 Whole Depth. Whole depth is expressed in gear
the Tables as a "whole depth factor", the whole
depth of a basic rack for 1 normal diametral pitch 7.6 Tooth Thickness Backlash Allowance.
or 1 normal module. The actual generated depths The values in the tables are calculated based on a
are slightly greater due to tooth thinning for back- backlash allowance. The circular tooth thick-
lash. nesses for the pinion and the gear are each
thinned by an amount, A S n , shown in Eq 7.5.
7.3 Outside Diameter. The tabulated values are
calculated for gears having an outside diameter A sn = 0.024
- = 0.024
(addendum diameter) equal to (in terms of mn pnd
= 1.0):
If the gears being evaluated have different
=
cos*
+2 (1 + Xi) minimum tooth thicknesses, the Bending Strength
Geometry Factor, J, can be approximated using
3
cos
+2 * (1 + x2) Eq 7.6. The Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor,
I , is unaffected by variations in tooth thickness.
where
nl
n2
= pinion tooth number
= gear tooth number
-
Ji
JS
=(%J
Jr = standard helix angle, degrees
where
Dai = pinion addendum diameter J1 = adjusted geometry -jctor
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Da2 = gear addendum diameter Js = geometry factor from table
7.4 Type of Gearing. The tables apply to snl = adjusted circular tooth thickness
external gears only. An analytical method for Sns = standard tooth thickness, thinned
determining the Bending Strength Geometry Fac- per Eq 7.5
tor, J , for internal gears is beyond the scope of
this Standard. Example:
From the table at the top of page 32 for 20'
7.5 Center Distance. The tables apply to pressure angle spur gears, loaded at the highest
gearsets that operate on a standard center dis- point of single tooth contact, the J factor for a 21
tance. This center distance is the tight mesh tooth pinion operating with a 35 tooth gear is
center distance for gears not yet thinned for found to be 0.34. The table is based on a circular
backlash. See 7.6. tooth thickness of:
AGMA 18 9 O 8-B 89
.'.
A G M A 908-B = Ob87575 0003050 963
-IT_ 0.024 - - 0.024 = 1.547

= 31416 7.9 Cutter Geometry. The hob geometry used
2 2 in the calculation of I and J is as follows:
(from Sections 7 and 7.3)
For a 10 normal diametral pitch gear or pin- nC = 10 O00

ion, the equivalent circular tooth thickness would = 1.5708
be: no
xo = 0.0
-1.547
- - 0.155 io = 0.0
10
If a value for J for a 0.010 inch thinner pin- where

ion, having a circular thickness of nc = tool tooth number
0.155 - 0.010 = 0.145 inch = reference normal circular tooth
no
is required, the approximate value is: thickness of tool
xo = addendum modification coefficient
(Eq 7.7) of tool
A 6.5% reduction in tooth thickness reduces J Bo = amount of protuberance
by 12%.
7.7 Undercutting. The tables do not include

geometry factors when an undercutting condition
exists in either of the two gears. This condition Hl
can be evaluated using Eq 7.8 and Fig 7-1 where -DATUM
- - - _PITCH
_ LINE
the generating rack shift coefficient, x g , must be
equal to or greater than the expression in Eq 7.8.
X = h -p (1-sin+)--
n sin2+
gmin ao ao n 2 n
(Eq 7.8)
where
hao = nominal tool addendum
= tool tip radius r = A
n = pinion or gear tooth number
7.8 Top Land. The tables do not include ge- / n *

ometry factors when either the pinion or gear
tooth top land is less than the value expressed in
Eq 7.9.
Fig 7-1 Undercutting Criteria
0.3
%a min 2 -
%d
7.10 Axial Contact Ratio. The I and J factors
Sna min ? 0 . 3 m n (Eq 7.9M) for helical gears are calculated using an axial con-
where tact ratio, m F ,equal to 2.0. When the axial con-
sna = tooth thickness at outside diameter, tact ratio is other than 2.0, the resulting values for
in (mm) I and J may be reduced by as much as 10%.
AGMA 19 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

I Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=Electric Boat/9993263100
A G H A 908-B Obi37575 000305L 8 T T
I AND J FACTORS FOR:

14.5 DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE 2.157 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
0.0 DEG. HELIXANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
TOOL EDGE RADIUS
0.157 LOADED AT TIP
EQUAL ADDENDUM ( x 1= x = O)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
TEETH P G P G P G P G P G P G P G P G
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I
J u u u u u u u u u u
35 I 0.061
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.18 0.18
55 I 0.074 0.061
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19
135 I 0.096 0.088 0.061
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20
1 The letter U indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
See Section 7 and Fig 7-1.
i AND J FACTORS FOR:

0.0DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
O. 157 TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT TIP
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (x I = 0.25)
25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR ( x 2 = - 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.20 0.16
35 I 0.071 0.059
J u u u u u u u u 0.20 0.17 0.20 0.17
55 I 0.087 O. 077 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18
135 I 0.111 0.106 O. 092 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.19
1 The letter U indicates a gear tooth combination which produces a n undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 20 9 08-B 89

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003052 73b D
I I AND J FACTORS FOR:

) 14.5
0.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
2.157
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
0.157 TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT TIP
50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( x = O. 50)
50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR ( x 2 = - 0.50)
PINION TEETH
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.21 0.12
26 I 0.067 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.21 0.13 0.21 0.13
35 I 0.081 0.071 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.15
55 I o. 100 0.091 0.078 0.057
J u u u u u u 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.17
135 I O. 127 0.123 0.114 0.096 0.060
J u u u u u u 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.19
c
I
I
~
I

14.5
0.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
2.157
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
TOOL EDGE RADIUS
O. 157 LOADED AT HIGHEST POINT OF SINGLE TOOTH CONTACT
EQUAL ADDENDUM ( x 1 = x = O)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I
35 I 0.061
J u u u u U f J u u u u 0.29 0.29
1 55 I 0.074 0.061
,, J u u u u u u u u u u 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.33
135 I 0.096 0.088 0.061
I J u u t r u u u u u - u u 0.31 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.38
I
t
I AGMA 21 908-B89

A G U A 908-B Ob87575 0003053 6 7 2

0.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
0.157 TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT HIGHEST POINT OF SINGLE TOOTH CONTACT
25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (x = 0.25)
25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR ( ~ 2= - 0.25)
~
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.32 0.22
35 I 0.071 0.059
J u u u u u u u u 0.32 0.24 0.34 0.24
55 I 0.087 0.077 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.33 0.27 0.35 0.27 0.37 0.29
135 I 0.111 O. 106 0.092 0.060
J u u u u u u u u 0.35 0.29 0.36 0.30 0.39 0.32 0.41 0.35
I AND J FACTORS FOR:l

O. 157 TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT HIGHEST POINT OF SINGLE TOOTH CONTACT
50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (x, = - 0.50)
~~ ~ ~
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.35 0.15
26 I 0.067 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.36 0.17 0.37 0.17
35 I 0.081 0.071 0.056
J u u u u u u 0.36 0.19 0.37 0.20 0.38 0.20
55 I 0.100 0.091 0.078 O . 057
J u u u u u u 0.37 0.22 0.38 0.23 0.39 0.24 0.41 0.25
135 I O. 127 O. 123 0.114 0.096 0.060
J u u u u u u 0.38 0.26 0.39 0.26 0.40 0.27 0.42 0.29 0.43 0.32
AGMA 9 O 8-B 89

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003054 509 m

) 10.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0.157TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT TIP

EQUAL ADDENDUM ( x 1 = x = O )
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I
35 I 0.122
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.43 0.43
55 I 0.1ss 0.132
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.48
135 I 0.212 0.197 O. 145
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.55
) I AND J FACTORS FOR:

25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( x = 0.25)
25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (x2 = - 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 3s 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I O. 107
J u u u u u u u u 0.43 0.34
35 I 0.137 0.117
J u u u u u u u u 0.44 0.38 0.46 0.39
55 I 0.181 0.159 0.129
J u u u u u u u u 0.45 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.50 0.45
135 I 0.250 0.233 0.206 O. 144
J u u u u u u u u 0.47 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.52 0.49 0.56 0.53
) See Section 7 and Fig 7-1.
AGMA 23 9 08-B 89

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003055 445 m
I AND J FACTORS FOR:?

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (xl = 0.50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u w u
17 I 0.054
J w u u u 0.42 0.20
21 I 0.085 0.071
J u u u u 0.42 0.24 0.44 0.25
26 I 0.117 0.101 0.086
J w u u u 0.43 0.27 0.44 0.28 0.46 0.29
35 I 0.160 O . 141 0.124 0.102
J u u u u 0.43 0.30 0.45 0.31 0.46 0.32 0.48 0.34
55 I 0.218 O. 198 0.179 0.154 o. 120
J u u u u 0.44 0.34 0.46 0.35 0.47 0.37 0.49 0.38 0.51 0.41
135 I O. 300 0.282 0.264 O. 242 O. 208 O. 141
J w u u u 0.45 0.39 0.46 0.40 0.48 0.42 0.50 0.44 0.52 0.46 0.56 0.51
1 The letter ?U?indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u w u
17 I
J w u w u u u
21 I
J u u w u u u u u
26 I
J u u u u w u w u u u
35 I O. 124
J w u u u u u u u u u 0.43 0.43
55 I 0.156 0.133
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.48
135 I 0.214 O. 198 O. 146
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.54
1 The letter ?U? indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 24 908-B89

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 000305b 381
i AND J FACTORS FOR:

) 15.0
0.157
DEG. HELIXANGLE
TOOL EDGE RADIUS
0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
LOADED AT TIP
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I 0.109
J u u u u u u u u 0.43 0.35
35 I 0.138 0.118
J u u u u L T U u u 0.44 0.38 0.46 0.39
55 I 0.182 0.161 0.130
J u u u u u u u u 0.45 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.50 0.45
135 I 0.250 0.233 O. 206 0.145
J u u u u u u u u 0.47 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.52 0.49 0.55 0.53
D I AND J FACTORS FOR:

15.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE O. 024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.059
J u u u u 0.42 0.21
21 I 0.090 0.075
J u u u u 0.43 0.25 0.44 0.26
26 I o. 121 0.104 0.089
J u u u u 0.43 0.27 0.45 0.28 0.46 0.29
35 I 0.162 0.144 0.126 0.105
J u u u u 0.44 0.31 0.45 0.32 0.46 0.33 0.48 0.35
55 I 0.219 0.199 0.180 0.156 o. 122
u u u u
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J 0.44 0.35 0.46 0.36 0.47 0.37 0.49 0.39 0.51 0.41
135 I 0.299 0.281 0.264 O. 242 O. 209 O. 142
J u u u u 0.45 0.39 0.47 0.40 0.48 0.42 0.50 0.44 0.52 0.46 0.56 0.51
)
AGMA 25 90 8-B 89

AGMA 908-B m Ob87575 0003057 218 m

20.0 DG. HELIXANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
EQUAL ADDENDUM (x 1= x = O)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I
35 I o. 125
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.43 0.43
55 I 0.158 0.134
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.47
135 I 0.215 0.199 O. 146
J u u u u u u u u u u 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.53

25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (Y = 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I O. 104
J u u u u u u 0.40 0.32
26 I 0.126 0.111
J u u u u u u 0.41 0.34 0.43 0.35
35 I 0.156 O. 140 0.120
J u u u u u u 0.42 0.37 0.43 0.38 0.45 0.39
55 I 0.198 0.183 O. 162 0.131
J u u u u u u 0.43 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.46 0.42 0.49 0.44
135 I 0.262 0.250 0.234 0.207 0.145
J u u u u u u 0.44 0.43 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.48 0.53 0.51
AGMA 26 9 O 8-B 8 9

A G H A 908-B = Ob87575 0003058 154 =

1 20.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE
0.157 TOOL EDGE RADIUS
LOADED AT TIP
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.065
J u u u u 0.41 0.22
21 I 0.095 0.081
J u u u u 0.42 0.25 0.43 0.26
26 I 0.125 0.109 0.094
J u u u u 0.42 0.28 0.43 0.29 0.45 0.30
35 I 0.166 0.147 0.130 0.108
J u u u u 0.43 0.31 0.44 0.32 0.45 0.33 0.47 0.34
55 I 0.220 0.201 0.182 0.158 O. 124
J u u u u 0.43 0.34 0.45 0.35 0.46 0.37 0.47 0.38 0.50 0.41
135 I 0.297 0.280 0.264 0.242 0.209 0.143
J u u u u 0.44 0.38 0.45 0.40 0.47 0.41 0.48 0.43 0.50 0.45 0.54 0.49

14.5 DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
~~~ 2.157 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
EQUAL ADDENDUM ( X 1= x = O )
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I 0.121
J u u u u u u u u 0.38 0.38
35 I O. 142 O. 127
J u u u u u u u u 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.41
55 I O. 174 O. 160 0.135
J u u u u u u u u 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.45
135 I 0.225 0.218 0.201 O. 147
J u u u u u u u u 0.42 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.50
1 1 The letter U indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 27 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0003059 090

PINION TEETH
I GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.108
J u u u u u u 0.39 0.31
26 I 0.129 0.115
J u u u u u u 0.40 0.33 0.41 0.34
35 I 0.158 0.143 O. 123
J u u u u u u 0.40 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.43 0.38
55 I 0.200 0.185 O. 164 O. 133
J u u u u u u 0.41 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.44 0.40 0.46 0.42
135 I 0.262 0.250 0.234 0.208 0.146
J u u u u u u 0.42 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.45 0.44 0.47 0.46 0.50 0.48
Z AND J FACTORS FOR:

14.5 DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE 2.1.57 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( x = O. SO)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.057
J u u 0.38 0.19
17 I O. 086 0.073
J u u 0.39 0.22 0.40 0.23
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
21 I O. 117 o. 102 0.087

J u u 0.39 0.24 0.40 0.25 0.41 0.26
26 I O. 148 O. 131 0.114 0,099
J u u 0.39 0.27 0.40 0.28 0.42 0.29 0.43 0.29
35 I 0.188 O. 170 0.151 0.134 0.112
J u u 0.40 0.29 0.41 0.30 0.42 0.31 0.43 0.32 0.45 0.34
55 I 0.240 0.222 0.203 0.185 0.161 0.127
J u u 0.40 0.32 0.41 0.33 0.42 0.34 0.44 0.35 0.45 0.37 0.47 0.39
135 I 0.311 0.295 0.279 0.263 0.242 0.210 0.144
J u u 0.41 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.43 0.38 0.44 0.39 0.46 0.41 0.48 0.43 0.51 0.47
AGMA 28 9 08-B 89

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 O003060 802

1 14.5
30.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
2.157
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
0.157 TOOL EDGBRADIUS LOADED AT TIP
EQUAL ADDENDUM ( x 1= x = O )
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I
J u u u u u u u u
26 I O. 123
J u u u u u u u u 0.36 0.36
35 I O. 145 O. 129
J u u u u u u u u 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38
55 I O. 177 0.163 0.137
J u u u u u u u u 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.41
135 I O. 227 0.220 o. 202 O. 148
J u u u u u u u u 0.39 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.46
1 I AND J FACTORS FOR:

25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR ( x =~- 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.105
J u u u u 0.35 0.27
21 I 0.126 0.112
J u u u u 0.35 0.29 0.37 0.30
26 I O. 147 0.133 0.118
J u u u u 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.32 0.38 0.33
35 I 0.176 0.161 O. 146 0.126
J u u u u 0.36 0.33 0.38 0.34 0.39 0.34 0.40 0.36
55 I 0.216 0.201 0.187 0.166 0.13.5
J u u u u 0.37 0.35 0.38 0.36 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.38 0.43 0.39
135 I 0.272 0.261 0.250 0.235 0.209 0.147
J u u u u 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.42 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.45
) See Section 7 and Fig 7-1.
AGMA 29 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 00030bL 7q9
Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Slrenglh of Spur and Helical Gear Teeth

30.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE .O24 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.055
J 0.35 0.17
14 I 0.078 0.068
J 0.35 0.19 0.36 0.20
17 I 0.107 0.095 0.082
J 0.35 0.21 0.36 0.22 0.37 0.23
21 I O. 138 o. 125 0.110 0.095
J 0.36 0.24 0.37 0.24 0.37 0.25 0.38 0.26
26 I O. 168 O. 154 O. 137 0.120 o. 105
J 0.36 0.25 0.37 0.26 0.38 0.27 0.39 0.28 0.40 0.29
35 I 0.206 0.191 O. 174 O. 156 O. 139 0.117
J 0.36 0.28 0.37 0.28 0.38 0.29 0.39 0.30 0.40 0.31 0.41 0.32
55 I 0.256 0.241 0.223 o. 205 O. 187 O. 164 0.130
J 0.37 0.30 0.38 0.31 0.39 0.32 0.40 0.33 0.40 0.34 0.42 0.35 0.43 0.37
135 I 0.320 0.307 0.292 0.277 0.262 0.242 0.211 O. 145
J 0.37 0.33 0.38 0.33 0.39 0.35 0.40 0.36 0.41 0.37 0.42 0.38 0.44 0.40 0.46 0.43
I AND J FACTORS FOR:'

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.078
J u u u u u u 0.24 0.24
26 I 0.084 0.079
J u u u u u u 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25
35 I 0.091 0.088 0.080
J u u u u u u 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26
55 I o. 102 0.101 0.095 O. 080
J u u u u u u 0.24 0.28 0.25 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.28
135 I O. 118 0.121 0.120 0.112 O. 080
J u u u u u u 0.24 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29
1 The letter "U" indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 30 9 O 8-B 8 9

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 00030b2 b85 m
r AND J FACTORS FOR:

0.0 DEG. HELIXANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (X = 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.19
21 I 0.087 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.21 0.27 0.21
26 I 0.094 0.088 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.22 0.27 0.22 0.28 0.22
35 I O. 103 0.098 0.092 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.28 0.24 0.28 0.24
55 I 0.115 0.113 O. 108 0.099 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.26
135 I 0.131 0.134 0.133 0.129 0.116 0.080
J u u u u 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.30 0.28

50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (X = - O . 50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.12
17 I 0.088 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.15 0.30 0.15
21 I 0.097 0.090 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.17 0.30 0.17 0.31 0.17
26 I o. 105 0.099 0.090 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.19 0.30 0.19 0.31 0.19 0.31 0.19
35 I 0.116 0.111 O. 103 0.094 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.21 0.30 0.21 0.31 0.21 0.31 0.21 0.30 0.21
55 I 0.130 O . 127 o. 122 0.114 0.101 0.080
J T T 0.30 0.24 0.30 0.24 0.31 0.24 0.31 0.24 0.30 0.24 0.30 0.24
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
135 I O. 148 O. 149 O . 148 O. 145 O . 136 o. 120 0.080

J T T 0.30 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.30 0.27
1 The letter T indicates a gear tooth combination which produces pointed teeth with a top land less than O. 3/ Pnd in one or both
components and should be avoided. See Section 7.
AGMA 31 908-B89

AGHA 908-B Ob87575 00030b3 511 =

0.250TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT HIGHEST POINT OF SINGLE TOOTH CONTACT
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.078
J u u u u u u 0.33 0.33
26 I 0.084 0.079
J u u u u u u 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.35
35 I 0.091 0.088 0.080
J u u u u u u 0.34 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.39
55 I 0.102 o. 101 0.095 0.080
J u u u u u u 0.34 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.43
135 I 0.118 o. 121 o. 120 0.112 0.080
J u u u u u u 0.35 0.43 0.38 0.44 0.41 0.45 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.49
I AND J FACTORS FOR:1

25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (x I = 0.25)
25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR ( ~ =2 - 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.080 --`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J u u u u 0.36 0.24
21 I o. 087 0,080
J u u u u 0.37 0.26 0.39 0.27
26 I 0.094 0.088 0.080
J u u u u 0.37 0.29 0.39 0.29 0.41 0.30
35 I O. 103 0.098 0.092 0.080
J u u u u 0.37 0.32 0.40 0.32 0.41 0.33 0.43 0.34
55 I o. 115 0.113 0.108 0.099 0.080
J u u u u 0.38 0.35 0.40 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.44 0.37 0.47 0.39
135 I 0.131 0.134 0.133 O . 129 O . 116 0.080
J u u u u 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.45 0.42 0.48 0.44 0.51 0.46
AGMA 32 9O 8-B 89

A G M A 908-8 m Ob87575 00030b4 458 m

50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (X2 = - 0.50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I 0.080
J T T 0.40 0.14
17 I 0.088 0.080
J T T 0.41 0.17 0.42 0.18
21 I 0.097 0.090 0.080
J T T 0.41 0.20 0.43 0.21 0.44 0.21
26 I o. 105 0.099 0.090 0.080
J T T 0.41 0.23 0.43 0.23 0.45 0.24 0.46 0.24
35 I 0.116 0.111 O. 103 0.094 0.080
J T T 0.42 0.26 0.43 0.27 0.45 0.27 0.46 0.28 0.48 0.29
55 I 0.130 0.127 0.122 0.114 0.101 0.080
J T T 0.42 0.30 0.44 0.31 0.45 0.31 0.47 0.32 0.48 0.33 0.50 0.34
135 I O. 148 O. 149 O. 148 0.145 0.136 0.120 0.080
J T T 0.43 0.34 0.44 0.35 0.46 0.36 0.47 0.37 0.49 0.38 0.50 0.40 0.52 0.43
1 The letter T indicates a gear tooth combination which produces pointed teeth with a top land less than 0.3/Pnd in one or both

EQUAL ADDENDUM (X 1= x = O)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I
J u u u u u u
21 I 0.127
J u u u u u u 0.46 0.46
26 I 0.143 0.131
J u u u u u u 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.49
35 I O. 164 0.153 O. 136
J u u u u u u 0.48 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.54
55 I o. 195 0.186 O. 170 O. 143
J u u u u u u 0.49 0.55 0.52 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.59
135 I 0.241 0.237 0.228 0.209 0.151
J u u u u u u 0.50 0.60 0.53 0.61 0.57 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.65
AGMA 33 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003065 394 m

25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (x, = - 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I O. 109
J u u 0.46 0.30
17 I O. 129 0.116
J u u 0.47 0.34 0.49 0.35
21 I O. 151 0.137 0.122
J u u 0.47 0.38 0.50 0.38 0.52 0.39
26 I O. 172 0.157 0.142 0.127
J u u 0.48 0.41 0.50 0.42 0.53 0.42 0.55 0.43
35 I 0.200 0.185 O. 170 0.155 O. 134
J u u 0.48 0.44 0.51 0.45 0.53 0.46 0.55 0.47 0.58 0.49
55 I 0.236 0.223 0.209 0.194 O. 173 0.141
J u u 0.49 0.49 0.52 0.50 0.54 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.59 0.53 0.62 0.55
135 I 0.286 0.276 0.266 0.255 0.240 0.214 0.151
J u u 0.50 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.63 0.60 0.66 0.63

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (X ,= - O. 50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.077
J 0.51 0.18
14 I 0.099 0.088
J 0.51 0.22 0.53 0.22
17 I 0.126 0.113 0.099
J 0.51 0.26 0.53 0.26 0.55 0.27
21 I 0.154 0.141 0.125 0.109
J 0.52 0.30 0.53 0.30 0.55 0.31 0.57 0.32
26 I 0.182 O. 168 0.151 0.134 0.118
J 0.52 0.33 0.54 0.34 0.55 0.35 0.57 0.36 0.58 0.37
35 I 0.217 0.203 O. 185 0.167 o. 150 0.127
J 0.53 0.37 0.54 0.38 0.56 0.39 0.57 0.40 0.59 0.41 0.61 0.43
55 I 0.263 0.248 0.231 0.213 O. 196 0.172 0.137
J 0.53 0.42 0.55 0.43 0.56 0.44 0.58 0.45 0.59 0.47 0.61 0.48 0.63 0.50
135 I 0.321 O. 309 0.295 0.280 0.266 0.247 0.216 O. 149
J 0.54 0.48 0.55 0.49 0.57 0.50 0.58 0.52 0.60 0.53 0.62 0.55 0.64 0.57 0.67 0.61
AGMA 34 9 O 8-B 89

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 00030bb 220 m

I 15.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
EQUAL ADDENDUM ( X 1= x = O)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I O. 124
J u u u u 0.43 0.43
21 I 0.139 O. 128
J u u u u 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.47
26 I 0.154 0.143 0.132
J u u u u 0.45 0.49 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.50
35 I O. 175 0.165 0.154 0.137
J u u u u 0.46 0.52 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.54
55 I 0.204 0.196 0.187 0.171 O. 143
J u u u u 0.47 0.55 0.50 0.56 0.53 0.57 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.59
135 I 0.244 0.241 0.237 0.229 0.209 0.151
J u u u u 0.48 0.59 0.51 0.60 0.54 0.61 0.57 0.62 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.65

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.111
J u u 0.47 0.32
17 I O. 131 0.117
J u u 0.48 0.35 0.50 0.36
21 I O. 152 O. 138 O. 123
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J u u 0.48 0.39 0.51 0.40 0.53 0.40

26 I O. 173 0.158 O. 143 O. 128
J u u 0.49 0.42 0.51 0.43 0.53 0.44 0.55 0.44
35 I o. 200 O. 186 O. 171 0.155 0.134
J u u 0.50 0.45 0.52 0.46 0.54 0.47 0.56 0.48 0.58 0.49
55 I 0.236 0.223 0.209 0.195 O. 174 O. 142
J u u 0.50 0.49 0.53 0.50 0.55 0.51 0.57 0.53 0.59 0.54 0.62 0.56
135 I 0.285 0.275 0.265 0.255 0.240 0.214 0.151
J u u 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.59 0.63 0.61 0.67 0.63
AGMA 35 908-B89

AGHA 908-El Ob87575 0 0 0 3 0 b L b

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.081
J 0.52 0.20
14 I o. 102 0.091
J 0.52 0.23 0.53 0.24
17 I 0.128 0.116 0.102
J 0.52 0.27 0.54 0.28 0.55 0.28
21 I O. 156 0.143 0.127 0.111
J 0.53 0.31 0.54 0.31 0.56 0.32 0.57 0.33
26 I 0.183 0.169 0.152 0.135 0.119
J 0.53 0.34 0.55 0.35 0.56 0.36 0.58 0.37 0.59 0.38
35 I 0.218 O. 203 O. 186 O. 168 0.151 0.128
J 0.54 0.38 0.55 0.39 0.57 0.40 0.58 0.41 0.60 0.42 0.61 0.44
55 I 0.262 0.248 0.231 0.213 0.196 0.173 0.138
J 0.54 0.43 0.55 0.44 0.57 0.45 0.59 0.46 0.60 0.48 0.62 0.49 0.64 0.51
135 I 0.319 O. 307 0.294 0.279 0.265 0.246 0.216 O. 149
J 0.55 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.58 0.51 0.59 0.52 0.61 0.54 0.62 0.55 0.65 0.58 0.67 0.61

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.125
J u u u u 0.44 0.44
21 I O. 140 0.129
J u u u u 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47
26 I 0.156 O. 145 0.133
J u u u u 0.45 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50
35 I O. 177 0.167 o. 155 0.138
J u u u u 0.46 0.51 0.49 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.54
55 I 0.205 0.197 0.188 O. 172 0.144
J u u u u 0.47 0.54 0.50 0.55 0.52 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.58
135 I 0.245 0.242 0.238 0.229 0.209 0.151
J u u u u 0.48 0.58 0.51 0.59 0.54 0.60 0.57 0.61 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.64
1 The letter Uindicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 36 908-B89

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 00030b8 O T 3 W

25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (xl = 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.108
J 0.45 0.29
14 I O. 124 0.114
J 0.45 0.32 0.47 0.33
17 I 0.144 O. 133 0.119
J 0.46 0.35 0.48 0.36 0.50 0.37
21 I O. 165 O. 154 0.140 0.125
J 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.39 0.51 0.40 0.53 0.41
26 I 0.186 O. 174 0.160 O. 145 0.130
J 0.47 0.41 0.49 0.42 0.51 0.43 0.53 0.44 0.55 0.45
35 I 0.212 0.201 O. 187 O. 172 O. 156 O. 135
J 0.48 0.44 0.50 0.45 0.52 0.46 0.54 0.47 0.55 0.48 0.58 0.49
55 I 0.246 0.236 0.223 0.209 o. 195 O. 175 O. 142
J 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.49 0.52 0.50 0.54 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.58 0.53 0.61 0.55
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
135 I 0.291 0.284 0.274 0.265 0.255 0.240 0.214 0.151
J 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.62

DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
20.0 2.250 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
20.0 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
TOOL EDGE RADIUS
0.250 LOADED AT TIP
50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( x = O. SO)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.086
J 0.52 0.21
14 I O. 106 0.095
J 0.52 0.24 0.53 0.25
17 I O. 132 o. 120 O. 105
J 0.52 0.28 0.53 0.29 0.55 0.29
21 I 0.159 0.146 O. 130 0.114
J 0.53 0.32 0.54 0.32 0.55 0.33 0.57 0.34
26 I 0.185 0.171 O. 155 0.138 o. 121
J 0.53 0.35 0.54 0.36 0.56 0.37 0.57 0.38 0.58 0.38
35 I 0.219 O. 204 0.187 O. 170 O. 152 0.130
J 0.53 0.39 0.54 0.39 0.56 0.40 0.57 0.41 0.59 0.43 0.60 0.44
55 I 0.261 0.248 0.231 0.214 0.197 O. 173 O. 139
J 0.54 0.43 0.55 0.44 0.56 0.45 0.58 0.46 0.59 0.47 0.61 0.49 O. 3 o. 1
135 I O. 317 0.305 0.292 0.278 0.265 O. 246 0.216 0.150
J 0.54 0.48 0.55 0.49 0.57 0.50 0.58 0.52 0.60 0.53 0.61 0.55 0.63 0.57 0.66 0.60
AGMA 37 908-B89

AGMA 908-B m Ob87575 00030b9 T 3 T m

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I O. 123
J u u 0.40 0.40
17 I O. 137 O. 126
J u u 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.43
21 I O. 152 O. 142 0.130
J u u 0.41 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.46
26 I O. 167 0.157 O. 146 0.134
J u u 0.42 0.47 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49
35 I 0.187 0.178 O. 168 0.156 0.138
J u u 0.43 0.49 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52
55 I 0.213 0.207 0.199 0.189 0.173 O. 144
J u u 0.44 0.52 0.46 0.52 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.56
135 I 0.248 O. 247 0.244 0.239 0.230 0.210 0.151
J u u 0.45 0.55 0.47 0.56 0.50 0.56 0.52 0.57 0.54 0.58 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.61

25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( x I = 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.112
J 0.44 0.30
14 I 0.127 0.116
J 0.45 0.33 0.46 0.33
17 I O. 146 O. 135 o. 122
J 0.45 0.36 0.47 0.36 0.49 0.37
21 I 0.167 0.156 0.142 O. 127
J 0.46 0.38 0.47 0.39 0.49 0.40 0.51 0.41
26 I 0.187 0.176 0.161 O. 146 0.131
J 0.46 0.41 0.48 0.41 0.50 0.42 0.51 0.43 0.53 0.44
35 I 0.213 0.202 O. 188 0.173 0.158 O. 137
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J 0.47 0.44 0.48 0.44 0.50 0.45 0.52 0.46 0.53 0.47 0.55 0.48
55 I 0.246 0.236 0.224 0.210 0.196 0.175 O. 143
J 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.51 0.48 0.53 0.49 0.54 0.50 0.56 0.51 0.58 0.53
135 I 0.289 0.282 0.273 0.264 0.254 O. 240 0.214 0.151
J 0.48 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.54 0.57 0.56 0.59 0.57 0.62 0.59
AGMA 38 908-B89

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 0003070 751 W

50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (X = - O. 50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.092
J 0.50 0.23
14 I o. 112 o. 100
J 0.50 0.25 0.51 0.26
17 I 0.136 O. 124 0.109
J 0.51 0.29 0.52 0.29 0.53 0.30
21 I 0.162 O. 149 0.133 0,117
J 0.51 0.32 0.52 0.33 0.53 0.34 0.55 0.34
26 I 0.187 0.174 0.157 0.140 O. 124
J 0.51 0.35 0.52 0.36 0.54 0.36 0.55 0.37 0.56 0.38
35 I 0.219 0.206 0.189 0.171 0.154 0.132
J 0.52 0.38 0.53 0.39 0.54 0.40 0.55 0.41 0.56 0.42 0.58 0.43
55 I 0.260 0.247 0.231 0.214 O. 197 O. 174 O. 140
J 0.52 0.42 0.53 0.43 0.54 0.44 0.55 0.45 0.57 0.46 0.58 0.48 0.60 0.49
135 I 0.313 0.302 0.290 0.276 0.263 0.245 0.216 0.150
J 0.52 0.47 0.53 0.48 0.55 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.57 0.51 0.58 0.53 0.60 0.55 0.62 0.57

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.125
J u u 0.39 0.39
17 I 0.139 O. 128
J u u 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.41
21 I 0.154 O. 144 0.132
J u u 0.40 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44
26 I 0.169 0.159 0.148 0.135
J u u 0.41 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46
35 I 0.189 0.180 O. 170 0.158 0.139
J u u 0.41 0.46 0.43 0.47 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49
55 I 0.215 0.208 0.200 0.190 0.174 0.145
J u u 0.42 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.46 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52
135 I 0.250 0.248 0.245 0.240 0.231 0.210 0.151
J u u 0.43 0.51 0.45 0.52 0.47 0.53 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.56
1 The letter ?U? indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 39 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 000307L 698 =

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.115
J 0.42 0.30
14 I 0.130 o. 119
J 0.43 0.32 0.44 0.33
17 I 0.149 O. 138 0.124
J 0.43 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.46 0.36
21 I 0.169 0.158 0.144 O. 129
J 0.44 0.37 0.45 0.38 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.39
26 I o. 188 0.177 0.163 0.148 0.133
J 0.44 0.39 0.45 0.40 0.47 0.41 0.48 0.42 0.50 0.42
35 I 0.213 0.202 0.189 0.174 o. 159 0.138
J 0.45 0.42 0.46 0.42 0.47 0.43 0.49 0.44 0.50 0.45 0.52 0.46
55 I 0.245 0.236 0.224 0.210 0.196 O. 176 O. 144
J 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.51 0.48 0.52 0.49 0.54 0.50
135 I 0.286 0.280 O. 272 0.263 0.253 0.239 0.213 0.151
J 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.52 0.55 0.53 0.57 0.55
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

30.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE O. 024TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.098
J 0.47 0.24
14 I 0.117 0.106
J 0.48 0.26 0.48 0.27
17 I O. 141 0.128 0.114
J 0.48 0.29 0.49 0.30 0.50 0.30
21 I 0.166 0.153 0.137 o. 121
J 0.48 0.32 0.49 0.32 0.50 0.33 0.51 0.34
26 I 0.190 0.176 0.160 0.143 0.127
J 0.48 0.34 0.49 0.35 0.50 0.36 0.51 0.37 0.52 0.37
35 I o. 220 0.207 0.190 O. 173 O. 156 0.134
J 0.49 0.37 0.49 0.38 0.51 0.39 0.52 0.40 0.52 0.40 0.54 0.42
55 I 0.259 0.246 0.231 0.214 0.198 0.175 0.141
J 0.49 0.40 0.50 0.41 0.51 0.42 0.52 0.43 0.53 0.44 0.54 0.45 0.55 0.47
135 I 0.309 0.299 0.287 0.274 0.262 0.244 0.215 0.150
J 0.49 0.44 0.50 0.45 0.51 0.46 0.52 0.47 0.53 0.48 0.54 0.49 0.56 0.51 0.57 0.53
AGMA 40 908-B89

A G H A 708-B W 0687575 0003072 524 W
1 AND J FACTORS FOR:

EQUAL ADDENDUM (X 1= x = O )
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.086
J u u 0.28 0.28
17 I 0.091 0.090
J u u 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30
21 I 0.095 0.096 0.092
J u u 0.28 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31
26 I o. 100 o. 101 0.099 0.094
J u u 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.33
35 I O. 106 0.109 O. 108 O. 104 0.095
J u u 0.28 0.34 0.30 0.34 0.31 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34
55 I 0.113 0.119 0.121 0.119 0.112 0.095
J u u 0.28 0.36 0.30 0.36 0.31 0.36 0.33 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.36
135 I 0.123 0.132 0.139 O . 142 0.141 0.131 0.096
J u u 0.28 0.38 0.30 0.38 0.31 0.38 0.33 0.38 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.38

0.0DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.091
J 0.32 0.20
14 I 0.095 0.093
J 0.32 0.22 0.33 0.22
17 I 0.100 0.099 0.094
J 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.25 0.34 0.25
21 I O. 106 O. 106 o. 102 0.095
J 0.32 0.27 0.33 0.27 0.34 0.27 0.36 0.27
26 I 0.111 0.112 o. 109 O. 103 0.095
J 0.32 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.29 0.36 0.29 0.36 0.29
35 I 0.118 o. 120 0.119 0.115 0.108 0.096
J 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.31 0.34 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.31
55 I O. 127 0.131 O . 133 0.131 O . 126 0.116 0.096
J 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.34 0.37 0.34 0.38 0.34
135 I 0.138 O. 145 0.151 0.153 O . 153 0.148 0.135 0.096
J 0.32 0.37 0.33 0.37 0.34 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.39 0.37
AGMA 41 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003073 4b0 m
Geometry Factors for Determiniig the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and Helical Gear Teeth

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I
J T T T T
17 I
J T T T T T T
21 I 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.40 0.23
26 I O. 106 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.40 0.25 0.40 0.25
35 I o. 120 0.110 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.40 0.28 0.40 0.28 0.40 0.28
55 I O. 139 0.131 0.118 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.40 0.32 0.40 0.32 0.40 0.32 0.40 0.32
135 I O. 167 O. 163 o. 155 O. 138 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.40 0.36 0.40 0.36 0.40 0.36 0.40 0.36 0.40 0.36

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.086
J u u 0.33 0.33
17 I 0.091 0.090
J u u 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.36
21 I 0.095 0.096 O. 092
J u u 0.33 0.39 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.39
26 I o. 100 o. 101 0.099 0.094
J u u 0.33 0.41 0.37 0.42 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.43
35 I O. 106 0.109 o. 108 0.104 0.095
J u u 0.34 0.44 0.37 0.45 0.40 0.45 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.46
55 I 0.113 0.119 o. 121 0.119 0.112 0.095
J u u 0.34 0.47 0.38 0.48 0.41 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.47 0.50 0.51 0.51
135 I 0.123 0.132 0.139 0.142 0.141 0.131 0.096
J u u 0.35 0.51 0.38 0.52 0.42 0.53 0.45 0.53 0.48 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.57 0.57
1 The letter Uindicates a gear tooth combination which produces a n undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 42 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
... .. ?
A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 000307Y 3T7 m

25.0
0.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
25 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (x
25 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (x2 =
2.350
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
LOADED AT HIGHEST POINT OF SINGLE TOOTH CONTACT
= 0.25)
- 0.25)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.091
J 0.38 0.22
14 I 0.095 0.093
J 0.38 0.25 0.40 0.25
17 I o. 100 0.099 0.094
J 0.38 0.29 0.40 0.29 0.43 0.29
21 I O. 106 0.106 o. 102 0.095
J 0.38 0.32 0.41 0.32 0.43 0.33 0.46 0.33
26 I 0.111 o. 112 o. 109 0.103 0.095
J 0.39 0.35 0.41 0.35 0.44 0.36 0.46 0.36 0.48 0.37
35 I 0.118 0.120 0.119 0.115 0.108 0.096
J 0.39 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.44 0.39 0.47 0.40 0.49 0.41 0.51 0.41
55 I O. 127 O. 131 0.133 0.131 0.126 0.116 0.096
J 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.49 0.45 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.47
135 I 0.138 0.145 0.151 0.153 0.153 O . 148 0.135 0.096
J 0.40 0.47 0.42 0.48 0.45 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.56 0.53 0.59 0.55
I
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I
J T T T T
17 I
J T T T T T T
21 I 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.52 0.27
26 I O. 106 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.52 0.30 0.53 0.31
35 I 0.120 0.110 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.52 0.35 0.53 0.35 0.55 0.36
55 I 0.139 0.131 0.118 0.096
J T T T T T T 0.52 0.40 0.54 0.41 0.56 0.42 0.58 0.43
135 I O. 167 0.163 o. 155 O. 138 0.096
I
J T T T T T T 0.53 0.46 0.54 0.47 0.56 0.48 0.58 0.50 0.60 0.53
1 The letter T indicates a gear tooth combination which produces pointed teeth with a top land less than O. 31Pnd in one or both
AGMA 43 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

AGHA 908-8 m 0687575 0003075 233 m

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
14 I O. 129
J u u 0.47 0.47
17 I O. 144 0.133
J u u 0.48 0.51 0.52 0.52
21 I 0.159 O. 149 0.136
J u u 0.48 0.55 0.52 0.55 0.56 0.56
26 I 0.175 0.165 0.152 0.139
J u u 0.49 0.58 0.53 0.58 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.60
35 I 0.195 0.186 0.175 0.162 0.143
J u u 0.50 0.61 0.54 0.62 0.57 0.63 0.61 0.64 0.64 0.64
55 I 0.221 0.215 0.206 0.195 O. 178 0.148
J u u 0.51 0.65 0.55 0.66 0.58 0.67 0.62 0.68 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.70
135 I 0.257 0.255 0.251 0.246 0.236 0.215 0.154
J u u 0.52 0.70 0.56 0.71 0.60 0.72 0.63 0.73 0.67 0.74 0.71 0.75 0.76 0.76
1 The letter "U" indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I o. 120
J 0.53 0.33
14 I O. 136 0.125
J 0.54 0.37 0.56 0.38
17 I 0.155 0.143 0.129
J 0.54 0.41 0.57 0.42 0.60 0.43
21 I 0.175 0.163 0.149 O. 134
J 0.55 0.46 0.57 0.46 0.60 0.47 0.63 0.48
26 I 0.194 O. 183 O. 168 0.153 O. 137
J 0.55 0.49 0.58 0.50 0.61 0.51 0.64 0.52 0.66 0.53
35 I 0.219 0.208 0.194 0.179 0.164 O. 142
J 0.56 0.54 0.58 0.55 0.61 0.56 0.64 0.57 0.67 0.57 0.69 0.59
55 I 0.251 0.242 0.229 0.216 0.201 0.180 0.147
J 0.56 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.61 0.65 0.62 0.67 0.63 0.70 0.64 0.73 O.
135 I 0.293 0.286 0.278 0.269 0.259 0.244 0.218 0.154
J 0.57 0.65 0.60 0.66 0.63 0.67 0.66 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.71 0.74 0.72 0.78 0.74
AGMA 44 9 0 8-B 8 9

A G I A 908-B Ob87575 0 0 0 3 0 7 b L 7 T m

1 10.0 DEG. HELIX ANGLE
LOADED AT TIP
50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (X = O. 50)
50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (X 2 = - O. 50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I
J T T T T
17 I
J T T T T T T
21 I 0.126
J T T T T T T 0.69 0.40
26 I 0.148 0.132
J T T T T T T 0.69 0.44 0.71 0.45
35 I 0.178 0.161 O. 138
J T T T T T T 0.70 0.50 0.71 0.51 0.73 0.52
55 I 0.220 0.203 O. 180 O. 145
J T T T T T T 0.70 0.56 0.72 0.57 0.74 0.S9 0.76 0.61
135 I 0.280 0.267 0.249 0.220 O. 153
J T T T T T T 0.70 0.64 0.72 0.65 0.74 0.67 0.76 0.69 0.79 0.72
1 I AND J FACTORS FOR:

I 0.270 TOOL EDGE RADIUS LOADED AT TIP
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I 0.130
J u u 0.49 0.49
17 I O. 144 0.133
J u u 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.53
21 I 0.160 O. 149 0.137
J u u 0.50 0.56 0.54 0.57 0.58 0.58
26 I 0.175 0.165 O. 153 O. 140
J u u 0.51 0.59 0.55 0.60 0.58 0.61 0.61 0.61
35 I 0.195 0.186 0.175 0.163 0.143
J u u 0.52 0.63 0.55 0.64 0.59 0.64 0.62 0.65 0.66 0.66
55 I o. 222 0.215 0.206 0.195 0.178 O. 148
u u
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J 0.52 0.67 0.56 0.68 0.60 0.68 0.63 0.69 0.67 0.70 0.71 0.71
135 I 0.257 0.255 0.251 0.246 0.236 0.214 0.154
J u u 0.53 0.72 0.57 0.72 0.61 0.73 0.64 0.74 0.68 0.75 0.72 0.76 0.78 0.78
1 See Section 7 and Fig 7-1.
AGMA 45 90 8-B 89

A G M A 908-B M Ob87575 0003077 OOb M

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.122
J 0.55 0.35
14 I O. 137 0.126
J 0.56 0.39 0.58 0.39
17 I O. 155 0.144 0.130
J 0.56 0.43 0.59 0.44 0.62 0.45
21 I 0.175 0.164 O. 149 0.134
J 0.57 0.48 0.59 0.48 0.62 0.49 0.65 0.50
26 I 0.195 O. 183 0.169 0.153 0.138
J 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.52 0.63 0.53 0.65 0.54 0.68 0.55
35 I 0.219 0.208 0.195 O. 179 0.164 0.142
J 0.57 0.55 0.60 0.56 0.63 0.57 0.66 0.58 0.68 0.59 0.71 0.60
55 J 0.251 0.241 0.229 0.215 0.201 0.180 0.147
J 0.58 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.64 0.62 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.64 0.71 0.66 0.75 0.67
135 I 0.292 0.285 O. 277 0.268 0.258 0.244 0.218 0.153
J 0.59 0.66 0.62 0.67 0.64 0.68 0.67 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.75 0.74 0.79 0.76

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J T T T T
17 I o. 121
J T T T T 0.69 0.36
21 I O. 144 0.127
J T T T T 0.69 0.41 0.71 0.42
26 I 0.166 O. 149 0.133
J T T T T 0.69 0.45 0.71 0.46 0.73 0.47
35 I 0.196 O. 179 0.162 0.138
J T T T T 0.69 0.50 0.71 0.52 0.73 0.53 0.75 0.54
55 I 0.236 0.220 0.203 0.180 O. 145
J T T T T 0.70 0.57 0.72 0.58 0.73 0.59 0.75 0.60 0.77 0.62
135 I 0.292 0.279 0.266 0.249 0.219 0.152
J T T T T 0.70 0.64 0.72 0.65 0.74 0.67 0.75 0.68 0.78 0.70 0.80 0.73
i The letter "T" indicates a gear tooth combination which produces pointed teeth with a top land less than 0.3/Pnd in one or both
AGMA 46 908-B89
. p-w
: -
','i
-
A G M A 908-B D Ob87575 0003078 T 4 2 D

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.128
J 0.47 0.47
14 I 0.140 0.131
J 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.50
17 I 0.154 O. 145 0.134
J 0.48 0.53 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.54
21 I 0.169 0.161 o. 150 0.137
J 0.48 0.56 0.51 0.57 0.55 0.58 0.58 0.58
26 I 0.184 O. 176 O. 166 0.153 O. 140
J 0.49 0.59 0.52 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.59 0.61 0.62 0.62
35 I 0.202 0.196 0.187 O. 176 O. 163 0.144
J 0.49 0.62 0.53 0.63 0.56 0.64 0.60 0.64 0.62 0.65 0.66 0.66
55 I 0.227 0.222 0.215 0.206 0.196 O. 178 0.148
J 0.50 0.66 0.53 0.67 0.57 0.67 0.60 0.68 0.63 0.69 0.67 0.70 0.71 0.71
135 I 0.258 0.257 0.255 0.251 0.246 0.236 0.214 O. 53
J 0.51 0.70 0.54 0.71 0.58 0.72 0.62 0.72 0.65 0.73 0.68 0.74 0.72 0.75 0.76 0.76

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I O. 123
.
I 0.56 0.37
14 I 0.138 O. 127
J 0.56 0.40 0.59 0.41
17 I 0.156 O. 145 0.131
J 0.57 0.45 0.59 0.45 0.62 0.46
21 I O. 176 O. 164 o. 150 0.135
J 0.57 0.49 0.60 0.49 0.62 0.50 0.65 0.51
26 I 0.195 0.184 0.169 0.154 O. 138
J 0.58 0.52 0.60 0.53 0.63 0.54 0.65 0.54 0.67 0.55
35 I 0.219 0.208 0.195 0.180 0.164 0.143
J 0.58 0.56 0.61 0.57 0.63 0.58 0.66 0.59 0.68 0.59 0.70 0.60
55 I 0.250 0.241 0.229 0.215 0.201 o. 180 O. 147
J 0.59 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.64 0.62 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.64 0.71 0.65 0.74 0.67
135 I 0.290 0.284 0.276 0.267 0.257 0.243 0.217 0.153
J 0.59 0.66 0.62 0.67 0.65 0.68 0.67 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.71 0.75 0.73 0.78 0.75
AGMA 47 9 O 8-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A L M A 908-B W Ob87575 0003079 989

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I
J T T T T
17 I 0.123
J T T T T 0.68 0.37
21 I O. 145 0.129
J T T T T 0.69 0.42 0.70 0.43
26 I O. 167 0.150 0.134
J T T T T 0.69 0.46 0.71 0.47 0.72 0.48
35 I 0.197 0.179 O. 162 0.139
J T T T T 0.69 0.51 0.71 0.52 0.72 0.53 0.74 0.54
55 I 0.236 0.219 0.203 O. 180 0.145
J T T T T 0.70 0.57 0.71 0.58 0.73 0.59 0.74 0.61 0.76 0.62
135 I 0.290 0.277 0.265 0.248 0.219 0.152
J T T T T 0.70 0.64 0.72 0.65 0.73 0.66 0.75 0.68 0.77 0.70 0.79 0.72

PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I O. 129
J 0.47 0.47
14 I 0.141 0.132
J 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.50
17 I 0.155 0.146 0.135
J 0.48 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.54
23 I 0.170 0.162 0.151 O. 138
J 0.48 0.55 0.51 0.56 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.57
26 I 0.185 0.177 0.166 0.154 0.141
J 0.49 0.58 0.52 0.58 0.55 0.59 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.60
35 I 0.203 O. 197 0.188 0.176 0.163 O. 144
J 0.49 0.61 0.52 0.61 0.56 0.62 0.58 0.63 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.64
55 I 0.227 0.223 0.216 0.207 O. 196 0.178 0.148
J 0.50 0.64 0.53 0.65 0.56 0.65 0.59 0.66 0.62 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.68 0.68
135 I 0.259 0.258 0.255 0.251 0.246 0.235 0.213 O. 152
J 0.51 0.68 0.54 0.68 0.57 0.69 0.60 0.70 0.63 0.70 0.66 0.71 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.73
AGMA 48 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0003080 bTO =

) 25.0
25.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
2.350
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I O. 125
J 0.55 0.38
14 I 0.139 o. 128
J 0.56 0.41 0.58 0.42
17 I 0.157 0.146 0.132
J 0.56 0.45 0.58 0.45 0.61 0.46
21 I O.177 0.165 o. 151 0.136
J 0.57 0.48 0.59 0.49 0.61 0.50 0.63 0.51
26 I 0.195 O. 184 O. 170 0.154 0.139
J 0.57 0.52 0.59 0.52 0.61 0.53 0.64 0.54 0.65 0.54
35 I 0.219 0.208 0.195 0.180 0.164 O. 143
J 0.57 0.55 0.60 0.56 0.62 0.57 0.64 0.57 0.66 0.58 0.68 0.59
55 I O. 249 0.240 0.228 0.215 0.201 0.180 0.147
J 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.61 0.65 0.62 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.64 0.71 0.65
135 I 0.288 0.281 O. 274 0.265 0.256 O.242 0.216 o. 152
J 0.59 0.64 0.61 0.65 0.63 0.66 0.65 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.72 0.70 0.74 0.72

50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION (x = O. 50)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J T T
14 I 0.119
J T T 0.65 0.33
17 I 0.140 0.125
J T T 0.65 0.38 0.66 0.38
21 I 0.163 O. 147 0.130
J T T 0.65 0.42 0.67 0.43 0.68 0.43
26 I 0.184 O. 168 0.151 0.135
J T T 0.65 0.46 0.67 0.46 0.68 0.47 0.70 0.48
35 I 0.213 0.197 0.180 O. 163 O. 140
J T T 0.66 0.50 0.67 0.51 0.69 0.52 0.70 0.53 0.71 0.54
55 I 0.249 0.235 0.219 0.203 o. 180 0.145
J T T 0.66 0.55 0.67 0.56 0.69 0.57 0.70 0.58 0.72 0.59 0.73 0.61
135 I 0.298 0.287 0.275 0.263 0.246 0.218 0.151
J T T 0.66 0.61 0.68 0.62 0.69 0.63 0.70 0.64 0.72 0.66 0.73 0.67 0.75 0.70
)
AGMA 49 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

I A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003081 537 m

DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
30.0 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
TOOL EDGE RADIUS
0.270 LOADED AT TIP
EQUAL ADDENDUM (x 1= x 2= O)
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.130
J 0.46 0.46
14 I 0.142 0.133
J 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.49
17 I 0.156 O. 147 0.136
J 0.47 0.51 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.52
21 I O. 171 O. 163 o. 151 0.138
J 0.48 0.54 0.50 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55
26 I O. 186 0.178 0.167 0.154 0.141
J 0.48 0.56 0.51 0.56 0.53 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.58
35 I 0.204 0.198 0.188 0.176 0.163 O. 144
J 0.49 0.58 0.51 0.59 0.54 0.59 0.56 0.60 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.61
55 I 0.228 0.223 0.216 0.207 0.196 O. 178 O. 147
J 0.49 0.61 0.52 0.61 0.54 0.62 0.57 0.62 0.59 0.63 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.64
135 I 0.259 0.257 0.255 0.251 0.245 0.234 0.212 0.151
J 0.50 0.64 0.53 0.64 0.55 0.65 0.58 0.66 0.60 0.66 0.62 0.67 0.65 0.68 0.68 0.68

DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE 30.0 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I O. 127
J 0.54 0.38
14 I 0.141 0.130
J 0.54 0.41 0.56 0.42
17 I 0.159 0.147 0.133
J 0.54 0.44 0.56 0.45 0.58 0.46
21 I O. 177 0.166 0.152 0.137
J 0.55 0.47 0.57 0.48 0.58 0.49 0.60 0.49
26 I 0.195 0.184 0.170 0.155 O. 140
J 0.55 0.50 0.57 0.51 0.59 0.51 0.61 0.52 0.62 0.53
35 I 0.218 0.208 O. 194 0.180 O. 164 O. 143
J 0.56 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.59 0.54 0.61 0.55 0.63 0.56 0.64 0.57
55 I 0.247 0.238 0.227 0.214 0.200 O. 180 O. 147
J 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.61 0.59 0.63 0.59 0.65 0.60 0.67 0.61
135 I 0.285 0.279 0.272 0.263 0.254 0.240 0.215 0.151
J 0.56 0.61 0.58 0.61 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.70 0.67
AGMA 50 9 O 8-B 8 9

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003082 473 m

1 25.0
30.0
DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
2.350
0.024
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.117
J 0.60 0.30
14 I 0.134 o. 122
J 0.61 0.34 0.62 0.34
17 I O. 155 O. 142 O. 127
J 0.61 0.37 0.62 0.38 0.63 0.39
21 I O. 177 O. 164 O. 148 0.132
J 0.61 0.41 0.62 0.42 0.63 0.42 0.64 0.43
26 I o. 198 0.185 0.169 0.152 0.136
J 0.61 0.44 0.62 0.45 0.63 0.46 0.64 0.46 0.65 0.47
35 I 0.225 0.212 O. 196 0.180 O. 163 O. 140
J 0.61 0.48 0.62 0.48 0.64 0.49 0.65 0.50 0.66 0.51 0.67 0.52
55 I 0.259 0.247 0.233 0.218 0.202 O. 179 0.145
J 0.62 0.52 0.63 0.53 0.64 0.54 0.65 0.55 0.66 0.56 0.67 0.57 0.68 0.58
135 I O. 303 0.294 0.283 0.272 0.261 0.244 0.216 o. 151
J 0.62 0.57 0.63 0.58 0.64 0.59 0.65 0.60 0.66 0.61 0.67 0.62 0.69 0.64 0.70 0.65
) I AND J FACTORS FOR:

--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STUB TOOTH (SYKES FORM 0.8 ADDENDUM FACTOR

20.0 DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE TRANSVERSE 1.900 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
30. DEG. HELIX ANGLE 0.024 TOOTH THINNING FOR BACKLASH
EQUAL ADDENDUM (x 1= x = O>
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I
J u u
14 I
J u u u u
17 I 0.115
J u u u u 0.37 0.37
21 I O. 129 0.119
J u u u u 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39
26 I O. 143 0.133 0.122
J u u u u 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41
35 I 0.163 0.153 O. 143 0.127
J u u u u 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43
55 I 0.189 0.181 0.173 0.158 0.132
J u u u u 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.46
135 I 0.226 0.223 0.219 0.211 0.193 O. 139
J u u u u 0.41 0.45 0.43 0.46 0.44 0.47 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.50
b 1 The letter U indicates a gear tooth combination which produces an undercut tooth form in one or both components and should be avoided.
AGMA 51 9 08-B89

AGNA 908-B m Ob87575 0003083 30T m

STUB TOOTH (SYKES FORM 0.8 ADDENDUM FACTOR
20.0 DEG. PRESSURE ANGLE TRANSVERSE 1.900 WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I O. 097
J 0.38 0.27
14 I 0.112 o. 102
J 0.38 0.29 0.39 0.30
17 I 0.131 o. 120 0.108
J 0.38 0.31 0.39 0.32 0.41 0.32
21 I 0.151 O. 140 O. 127 0.113
J 0.39 0.33 0.40 0.33 0.41 0.34 0.42 0.35
26 I O. 171 0.160 0.147 0.132 0.118
J 0.39 0.34 0.40 0.35 0.41 0.36 0.43 0.37 0.44 0.37
35 I 0.197 0.186 0.172 0.158 0.143 0.124
J 0.40 0.36 0.41 0.37 0.42 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.44 0.39 0.46 0.40
55 I 0.229 0.219 0.207 0.194 O. 180 0.160 0.130
J 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.45 0.42 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.44
135 I 0.272 0.264 0.255 0.246 0.236 0.221 0.197 0.138
J 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.44 0.47 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.50 0.49

20.0
30.0
STUB TOOTH SYKES FORM
DEG. PRESSUR ANG E TRANSVERSE
DEG. HELIX ANGLE
L L 0.8
1.900
0.024
ADDENDUM FACTOR
WHOLE DEPTH FACTOR
50 PERCENT LONG ADDENDUM PINION ( X = 0.50)
50 PERCENT SHORT ADDENDUM GEAR (W 2 = - O. SO)
PINION TEETH
GEAR 12 14 17 21 26 35 55 135
12 I 0.069
J 0.41 0.21
14 I 0.089 0.079 --`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J 0.41 0.23 0.42 0.24

17 I O. 114 0.103 0.090
J 0.41 0.25 0.42 0.26 0.43 0.27
21 I 0.141 O. 129 0.114 o. 100
J 0.41 0.28 0.42 0.28 0.43 0.29 0.44 0.30
26 I 0.167 0.154 0.138 o. 122 0.108
J 0.41 0.29 0.42 0.30 0.43 0.31 0.44 0.32 0.45 0.33
35 I 0.199 0.186 0.170 0.153 0.137 0.116
J 0.42 0.32 0.43 0.32 0.43 0.33 0.44 0.34 0.45 0.35 0.47 0.37
55 I 0.240 0.227 0.212 0.195 0.179 O. 158 O. 126
J 0.42 0.34 0.43 0.35 0.44 0.36 0.45 0.37 0.46 0.38 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.41
135 I 0.293 0.283 0.270 0.257 0.244 0.226 0.198 0.137
J 0.42 0.37 0.43 0.38 0.44 0.39 0.45 0.40 0.46 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.48 0.44 0.50 0.47
AGMA 52 908-B 89

A G M A 708-B = Ob87575 0003084 246
Bibliography
1 Dolan, T. J. and Broghamer, E. L., A Photoelastic Study of the Stresses in Gear Tooth Fillets,
University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 335, 1942
2 Lewis, W., Investigation of the Strength of Gear Teeth, Proc. of the Engineers Club, Philadelphia,
PA, 1893, pp.16-23.
3 Chong, T.H., and Kubo A., Simple Stress Formulae for a Thin-Rimmed Spur Gear, parts 1, 2 and 3,
ASME papers 84-DET-62, 63 and 64.
4 Errichello, R.,An Efficient Algorithm for Obtaining the Gear Strength Geometry Factor on a
Programmable Calculator, AGMA Paper No. P139.03, October 198 1
5 Errichello, R., An Efficient Algorithm for Obtaining the Gear Strength Geometry Factor for Shaper
Cut Gears, AGMA Paper N o . P139.05, October 1983
6 Errichello, R., Calc Program Finds Inverse of an Involute, Machine Design, Vol 51, No. 5 ,
March 8, 1979, p. 80
7 Wellauer, E. J., and Seireg, A., Bending Strength of Gear Teeth b y Cantilever Plate Theory, Journal
of Engineering for Industry, Trans. ASME, Series B, Vol. 82, 1960, pp. 213-222
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
AGMA 53 908-B 89

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0003085 I182 =
(this page has been left blank)
AGMA 54 9 O 8-B 8 9
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 000308b 019
Appendix A
Original Derivation of AGMA Geometry Factor for Pitting Resistance, I
This Appendix is not part of AGMA 908-B89, INFORMATION SHEET - Geometry Factors for
Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength for Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth,
but is included for informational purposes only.
Al. Purpose. This Appendix provides an For helical gear teeth, at the operating pitch
historical record for the original derivation of the diameter:
pitting resistance geometry factor, I , based on the
Hertzian theory for contact compressive stress
between two contacting cylinders as first
introduced in AGMA 229.06, June 1962. where
WN = normal load in transverse plane
A2. Derivation. The surface contact compressive
stress between two contacting cylinders is: Wt = tangential load in transverse plane
4P +t = operating transverse pressure angle
sc = -
mb @b = base helix angle
where
Sc = surface contact compressive stress L~~~ = minimum total length of lines of
contact
P = load per linear unit of contact length
b = total width of contact band
where d = operating pitch diameter of pinion

R1 = radius of curvature of body 1
D = operating pitch diameter of gear
R2 = radius of curvature of body 2
2
Making proper substitutions and multiplying by -
E
K1 - 1- P1
- -
E1
SC
= Cp ,/y F d+D2
cos+t sin+t Lmin d D F
(Eq A.lO)
where Regrouping terms

El, E2 = modulus of elasticity for material
of cylinders 1 and 2 1
p1, ~2 = Poissons ratio for material of cos +t sin +t
cylinders 1 and 2
Combining Eqs A. 1 and A.2.
(Eq A. 1 i)
but
cos +t sin +t m G
cos+t sin+t - D -
- -
2 d+ D 2 mG+1
(Eq A.12)
AGMA 55 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003087 T55 m
letting solving for P at operating diameters:

cos +t sin+t mG (Eq A.21)
c, =
2 m +1
(Eq A.13)
G
mN = -
F (Eq A.14) solving for P at mean tooth diameters:
Lmin
P = ($J R2m
R i m + R2m
(Eq A.22)
I = & (Eq A.15)
MN where
then
(Eq A.16)
(Eq A.23)
To adapt Eq A.16 to actual gears, AGMA
added additional factors to the equation. These (Eq A.24)
factors are:
Ca = application factor for pitting
resistance
C, = dynamic factor for pitting resistance
C, = size factor for pitting resistance cx =
= load distribution factor for pitting
Cm A.25)
resistance
Cf
= surface condition factor for pitting noting that Rlm + 5 mis always equal to Ri+ R2
resistance
Putting these factors in Eq A.16 gives:
The Cq2 factor modifies Cx for the three face
s, = c* (Eq A.17) contact ratio conditions, see Fig A-1:
C, dF I mF = 0.0 for spur gears
Equation A. 17 is the fundamental formula for O < mF 5 1.0 for LACR gears
pitting resistance and is identical to Eq 5.1 in
AGMA 2001-B88 and Eq 5.1 in AGMA 218.01. mF > 1.0 for conventional helical gears
In rating standard 218.01, Dec., 1982, the I
factor was expanded to include two new terms: For spur gears and conventional helical gears:
- - c$ = 1.0.
C
I = __c- expanded to I =
mN For low axial contact ratio gears, LACR, the
The Cx multiplier was added to consider the C Q ~factor provides a linear interpolation of I
criterion rating stress at the mean diameters, d, between spur and conventional helical gears, see
Fig A-2.
and Dm,of the meshing elements rather than at
the operating diameters d and D . Its derivation Premise:
follows:
IMCR = I s + m F ( I H - I , ) (Eq A.26)
From Eq A.5
sc = cP -iy (Eq A.19)
where
ILAcR= geometry factor for the low axial
dividing b y 5 and squaring: contact ratio helical gear
($J = ( RRi 1 + R
R ,2) (Eq A.20)
I,
IH
= geometry factor for the spur gear
= geometry factor for the conventional
helical gear
AGMA 56 9 08-B8 9
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~

A G H A 908-B = Ob87575 0003088 991
for spur gears for conventional helicals
I, = (Eq A.27) I= cxh 4 - c xh

(Eq A.28)
N MN
where
where
N = FIL min
N = 1.0
Cxh = Cx as determined at d,
C,, = Cx as determined for LPSTC diameter
CJ: = 1.0 c$ = 1.0
m =O m < 1.0 >1.0

m
F F - F
SPUR GEAR LACR GEAR CONVENTIONAL HELICAL GEAR
FOR CASE (2) : FACE, F,O F AN
IMAGINARY GEAR WITH m F = 1 .O
F = -F
m-
.-F
0 STRESS CALCULATION LOCATION
Fig A-1 Cx Determination in Plane of Action
/
Conventional helical gear I factor ( )I
is based on stress computed at d,
Low axial contact ratio (LACR) gear I factor ( ILACR)is

based on linear interpolation between Is & IH
I Spur gear I factor ( I , ) is based on stress computed at LPSTC
O 0.5 1.0 m
F
Fig A-2 Variation of I for LACR Gear
AGMA 57 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 0003089 8 2 8 D
for LACR gears Substituting in Eq A.31
- c c c 2u
= cCcx,C$ (Eq A.29)
ILACR - mN
Substituting in Eq A.26 using Eq A.27, Eq A.28

and Eq A.29:
where Rearranging
MN
C
,
= 1.0
= C, as determined for LPSTC
C 2 = 1-m
JI F
+ (cc,,
xh
m;
Fsin $b
) (EqA.37)
= a transition factor for spurs to

C$
conventional helicals, for LACR Taking the square root results in the expressiom
gears found in 218.01.
NOTE: Cxh is Cx for the imaginary

Dividing by Cc and CXS
C$ = l + m (cxh
'xsmN
-3 (EqA.31)
helical having m F = 1.0 and face = F', CXS
is Cx for equivalent spur gear with contact
stress computed at LPSTC.
where
The mN represents an imaginary conven- A3. Proof for Equivalency of I . The remainder
tional helical gear having a face contact ratio of of this appendix is a proof that the formulation for
1 .o I factor given in AGMA 2001-B88 is identical to
the I factor in AGMA 908-B89.
The equivalent face, F', of such a gear is:
From AGMA 2001-B88, Eq 6.1 is:

F' = -
F (Eq A.32)
mF
I =
c c cx c$ (Eq. A.39)
MN
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
and the associated load sharing ratio

F' (Eq A.33) From AGMA 908-B89, Eq 4.1 is:
mN= L z
For the case of M = 1.0

z (Eq A.34) Letting = + t , p1= R 1 & p2 = R2 in Eq A.40,
%un=
b it can now be shown that:
- 2 " 2
-
R cc
F' "F F sin q I = -
mN=- = - = (EqA.35)
Lmin -
Z
sin q b
mF =
AGMA 58 9 O 8-B 89

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003090 5 4 T m
so
cancelling -
m
N -
2c = c = RI+ R2
(Eq A.49)
2 sin +t
cos +t
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
= c,c, see Fig A-3

,(;+i) (Eq A.42)
cancelling and letting D = mG d
cos +t = cos +t- mG R1R2

mG+l d mG sin +*
(Eq A.43)
solve for d Fig A-3
d = ( 2 R1R2
sin+t(mG+l)
)(L+L)
Ri R2
(Eq A.44)
Therefore, Eq A.41 holds and it is shown that
the I factor given in ANSVAGMA 2001-B88 is
note that numerically identical to that in AGMA 908-B89.
R1 R2 R1 R2
then
2 R1R2 R1+R2
d = (Eq A.45)
sin+t(mG+l) R1 R 2
SO
2 ( R i + "2)
d = (Eq A.46)
(mG+1) sin +t
rearranging
(mG+l)
= - R1+R 2 (Eq A.47)
2 sin Qt
but
2C = d ( m +1) (Eq A.48)

G
AGMA 59 908-B89

A G H A 908-B W Ob87575 0003091 48b W
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
AGMA 908-B89

A G H A 708-B Ob87575 O003072 312
Appendix B
ANWAGMA 2001-B88 Pitting Resistance Formula Derivation
Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth,
but is included for informational purposes only
B1. Purpose. This Appendix presents the deri- pending on the face contact ratio of the gearset,
vation of the pitting resistance formula and the I this point can be the mean diameter of the pinion
factor as used in this Information Sheet. The I or the lowest point of single tooth contact on the
factor given here is a simplified version of that de- pinion. Additional rating factors are also added to
rived in Appendix A. This simplificationresults in the basic equation to adjust the stress due to fac-
the same numerical value of I . tors peculiar to gearing. Starting with the general
Hertz equation:
B2. Derivation. The AGMA pitting resistance
formula is based on the Hertz contact stress equa- sc = 2w
-
tion for cylinders with parallel axes. See Fig B- l . w b L
The load applied to the cylinder is the load nor-
mal to the tooth flank, and the length of contact is
the minimum total length of lines of contact in the b
contact zone of the gear set. The radii of the cylin-
ders are the radii of curvature of the teeth at the
point of contact for the mating pair of gears. De-
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
.J \
Rr2
/ Rr1
Fig B-1 Tooth Contact Stress Area
AGMA 61

A G H A 90-B Ob87575 0003093 259
where = contact diameter of cylinders 1 and 2

= maximum contact stress of parallel d l , d2
SC
axis cylinders, lb/in2
W = contact load normal to the Figure B-2 shows the oblique contact line be-
cylinders, lb tween helical gear tooth profiles. It can be repre-
b = semi-width of contact between sented as the line of two contacting cones. The
cylinders, in radii of curvature, pnl, pn2, of the pinion and
L = length of contact between cylinders, gear teeth at any point along the contact line are
in perpendicular to the line of contact and the in-
= Poissons ratio of material in volute profiles at the point of contact. They are
pl,p2
cylinders 1 and 2 contained in the plane of action and are inclined
= modulus of elasticity of material in at the base helix angle, qb, relative to the trans-
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
El, E2
cylinders 1 and 2 verse plane.
Fig B-2 Contacting Cones of Helical Gears

(Extracted from AGMA 229.06)
62 908-B89

A G H A 908-B 9 Ob87575 0003094 1 9 5 9
Converting the general nomenclature in Eqs by defining Cp as:

B . l and B.2 to those used in AGMA 908-B89:
W
L
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Also transferring the load and radii of curva-
ture from the normal to the transverse plane
where the geometry is more readily defined:
transmitted load in the plane of

action (normal to the tooth flank)
minimum total length of lines of
where
contact in contact zone
= transmitted tangential load at the
radius of curvature normal to the operating pitch diameter of the
profile at point of stress calculation pinion
for pinion and gear, respectively
+t = operating transverse pressure angle
Poissons ratio for pinion and gear
qb = base helix angle
material, respectively
p1, p2 = radii of curvature of profile in
modulus of elasticity for pinion and transverse plane at the point of
gear material, respectively stress calculation
Eq B.3 can now be shown as:

Rearranging Eqs B-1 and B-2, then using
AGMA 908-B89 terms:
Eq B. 12 was originally developed before cal-

culators and computers, and it has some terms
that made calculation simpler. These terms are
not necessarily needed today, but data and values
have been developed over the years, and changing
terms could cause a great deal of confusion. The
load sharing ratio, m N , and the pitting resistance
geometry factor, I , are these terms.
NOTE: Double signs are used in Eq B.3;
Le., 2 , to generalize the equation for both They are developed by multiplying Eq B.8 by
external and internal gears. The upper sign
applies to external gear sets and the lower
sign applies to internal gear sets.
fi 6 and
AGMA 63 908-B89

AGMA 908-B m 0 6 8 3 5 3 5 0003095 021 m
and then recombining terms so that mN and I can To adapt Eq B.11 to actual gears, AGMA
be defined as follows: has added additional factors to the equation.
F These factors are:
na =-
Lmin Ca = application factor for pitting
resistance
(Eq B.lO) Cv = dynamic factor for pitting resistance
C, = size factor for pitting resistance
= load distribution factor for pitting
Cm
where resistance
F = effective face width of gear set = surface condition factor for pitting
Cf
d = operating pitch diameter of pinion resistance
C,,, = helical overlap factor Putting these factors in Eq B . l l gives:
The helical overlap factor, C is added to
iIr '
the equation for I to give a smooth transition be-
tween the I factors of spurs and low axial contact
C (Eq B.12)
ratio (LACR) helicals. See Appendix E for its
definition and derivation.
Now Eq B.8 can be rewritten as:
Equation B. 12 is the fundamental formula for
pitting resistance and is identical to Eq 5 . 1 in
sc= c p p ! L (Eq B . l l ) ANWAGMA 2001-B88 and Eq 5.1 in AGMA
d FI 218.01.
AGMA 64 9 O 8-B 89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G M A 908-B Ob87575 0 0 0 3 0 b Tb
Appendix C
Explanation of the AGMA Gear Tooth Strength Rating Derivation For External Gears
C1. Purpose. This Appendix explains the

derivation of the AGMA strength rating formula
for external gears. The formula is derived from a
simplified cantilever beam theory for stress. It is
based on the method of Lewis [i] where the
beam is assumed to be parabolic in shape and
inscribed within the gear tooth. References are
sometimes made to the stress parabola which
refers to the beam assumption.
The formulas given are for helical gears;

however, spur gears may be calculated by setting
the helix angle at zero degrees so that the
transverse plane equals the normal plane. Many
of the variables used in this appendix are not fully
derived as they are more fully explained in other
sections of this information sheet.
Fig C-1 Tooth Load Acting at
C2. Tooth load. To simplify the geometry of Inscribed Parabola
helical gear teeth in the normal plane, the concept The basic bending stress equation (see Fig
of the virtual spur gear is used. The concept C-2) for a cantilever parabolic shaped beam is:
incorporated is a spur gear whose shape in the
transverse plane is similar to that of a helical gear 6 h P1
s -
in the normal plane. The calculation of this b - 7
virtual spur gear is explained in other sections.
The load normal to the tooth is calculated at the The basic compressive stress equation for this
working pitch diameter of the tooth. This load is beam is:
then applied along the line of action (tangent to
the base circle) and passing through the tip of the
tooth. Figure C-1 shows a tooth with the load
applied and the inscribed parabola. Certain spur where
gears may have this load applied at the highest
point of single tooth contact. Sb = bending stress, lb/in2
sc = compressive stress, Ib/in2
C3. Derivation of the stress equation. The pl = bending load on beam, Ib
following procedure is used to derive the
equations necessary for calculating the tooth form pc = compressive load on beam, Ib
factor, Y,geometry factor, J , and corrected tensile h = height of beam, in
stress, St . L = length of beam, in
AGMA 65 908-B89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G H A 908-B Ob87575 0003097 9 T 4
t = tooth thickness at the critical section

(tangent point of the stress parabola
and the tooth root), in The compressive stress is
WN sin+L
sc =
'min t
where
+' = load angle
= minimum length of lines of
contact
The tangential component of this load causing

bending stress is
where
ch = helical factor: A helical factor
Fig C-2 Gear Tooth as a Simple Beam must be added to account for the
The actual load applied normal to the tooth at oblique lines of contact in helical
the pitch circle is: gears, see 5.10 and Eq 5.70, based
on work of Weilauer and Seireg [2]
This gives a bending stress of:
2T
wt = -
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
d
63 O00 P Bending and compressive stresses are
T = n combined to find the maximum tensile stress.
P
where
wN = load normal to the tooth, lb
= load tangential to the tooth, lb St' =
'min t
T = torque on the pinion, lb in
(Eq C.11)
d = operating pitch diameter of the
pinion, in where
si = maximum uncorrected tensile stress

P = transmitted horsepower, hp
= pinion speed, rpm
"P When the orginal derivations were made, cal-
+* = operating normal pressure angle culations were done using tooth layouts and not
Jr = operating helix angle computer calculations. The equation was there-
fore modified to make t h i s task easier. Layouts
The load, Ww is applied at the load angle, were done to a scale of 1 Normal Diametral Pitch
(NDP) so they would be large enough to measure.
+L. Calculation of angle +L appears in other
sections (see Fig C-i). The radial component of Therefore, the stress equation had to be multi-
this load causing compressive stress is: plied by the Normal Diametral Pitch, pd , to con-
AGMA 66 908-B89

A G M A 908-B W Ob87575 0 0 0 3 0 9 8 830
vert these 1 NDP dimensions to actual dimen- where

sions. A load sharing ratio, mN, was defined to WN =
wt
relate face width of the tooth to Lmin. A stress cos l+, cos qf
correction factor, Kf , based on photoelastic ex-
periments of Dolan and Broghamer [ 31, was intro- mN = F
- (Eq C.15)
duced to account for the radius of the tooth root. Lmin
Kf = stress correction factor (see 5.11)
Note the following right triangle relationships
in Fig C-3. pd = nominal pitch in the plane of
rotation (introduced to convert J to
a dimensionless value).
h = -t 2 (Eq C.12)
4u qs = standard helix angle
therefore F = face width
-6 -h -
1.5
(Eq C.13)
t2 - U Eq C.14 can be subdivided into two variables;
tooth form factor, Y, and geometry factor, J ,
where
E Tooth
where
Ps = normal diametral pitch of layout
(scale pitch), usually 1 .O in-'
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The Form Factor includes a term Ps which is
the diametral pitch to which the layout is drawn.
This term converts the values of u and t to actual
values and was added to account for layouts or
calculations that are done to a scale other than
one NDP.
Substituting Eq C.13 and letting:
I SF= t , hF= h (see AGMA 908-B89 Fig 5-7)
roccurs at point
where trochoid
meets root radius Scale pitch Ps = 1.0in-'
Kq = COS q COS Qs (Eq C.17)
NOTE: Shown in the Normal Plane
Through the Pitch Point where
= a factor which converts the pitch
Kq and load from the normal plane to
Fig C-3 Tooth Form Factor Layout
the transverse plane. (see Eq C.17)
With Load Sharing
1
Rearranging equation C.11, adding these
factors and substituting, gives the following:
which is identical to AGMA 908-B89, Eq 5.78
J = y CJI (Eq C.19)

(Eq C.14) K m
f N
AGMA 67 9 08-B 89

A G H A 908-B 9 Ob87575 0003099 777 9
where = size factor for bending strength

Ks
J = geometry factor for bending strength = application factor for bending
Ka
Y = tooth form factor strength
C$ = helical overlap factor Km = load distribution factor for bending
mN = load sharing ratio strength
Ky = dynamic factor for bending
The Geometry Factor, J , includes a helical strength
overlap factor, C
e
C is a factor used to
interpolate the values for ACR gears for J, from
that for spurs to conventional helicals. This factor
resulting in the final stress equation:
accounts for low axial contact ratio gearing which - wt Ka pd Ks Km (Eq C. 21)
has a face contact ratio, rn F , less than or equal to st - Kv F J
1.0. For normal helical gears and spur gears, t h i s
where
factor is 1.0. see 4.4.
st = corrected tensile stress
The stress equation now can be written as:
Eq C.21 is the fundamental formula for
wt d
s; = - (Eq C.20) bending strength and is identical to Eq 5.10 in
F J AGMA 218.01. Eq 5.10 in ANSIIAGMA
Rating factors are added to the equation to 2001-B88 is similar, but a rim thickness factor,
account for increased loads that occur in gearing: K B , has been added.
Bibliography
1 Lewis, W., Investigation of the Strength of Gear Teeth, Proc. of the Engineers Club, Philadelphia,
PA, 1893, pp.16-23.
2 Wellauer, E. J., and Seireg, A., Bending Strength of Gear Teeth by Cantilever Plate Theory, Journal
of Engineering for Industry, Trans. ASME, Series B, Vol. 82, 1960, pp. 213-222.
3 Dolan, T. J. and Broghamer, E. L.,A Photoelastic Study of the Stresses in Gear Tooth Fillets,
University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 335, 1942.
AGMA 68 908-B 89
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

A G U A 908-B = Ob87575 0003100 219
Appendix D
Selection Of Shaper Cutter Geometry
This Appendix is not part of AGMA 908-B89, INFORMATION SHEET Geometry Factors for -
D1. Purpose. This Appendix provides default disk cutters have a small chamfer at the
shaper cutter data for use in calculating the tooth tip, rather than a radius. If this is
bending strength geometry factor, J , when the the case, the cutter should be considered
original cutter data at the time of gear sharp cornered at the inner edge of the
manufacture is unavailable. chamfer.
D2. General. This method allows a wide choice The knowledge required to convert the
of cutter geometries to be used in generating the actual dimensions of a disk type cutter to
root trochoid form of the virtual spur gear and the the values necessary to determine the J
J factor. For very accurate work, the exact cutter factor of a specific gear is beyond the
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
form should be used, but for most cases, the scope of this Information Sheet. Cutter
cutter form can be approximated. The method manufacturers have different designs and
assumes that generation takes place in the normal production techniques, which affect the
plane. Cutters which act in the transverse plane, final tooth form and the resulting J factor.
such as helical disc shaper cutters and some rack The simplified information given here is
shaper cutters will generate root trochoid forms intended to provide typical values which
which are slightly different from those assumed by may be used as a guide to usual practice.
this method. This has a minor effect on the
If the exact geometry at its worst condition is
accuracy of the J factor.
known, that geometry should be used to calculate
D3. Rack Shaped Cutters and Hobs. Rack the J factor. If the dimensions are not known, the
cutters and hobs are represented as disk cutters geometry of a minimum cutter may be estimated
with large numbers of teeth, such as 9999. The from the following information:
actual form of the cutter, in the normal plane,
D4.1 Number of Teeth. The maximum
should be used, with all dimensions made
pitch diameter of the cutter is limited by the size
dimensionless. To make actual measurements
of the gear shaper to 3, 4, 5 , 6 or 8 inch. This
dimensionless, they are scaled by multiplying them
limits the number of cutter teeth as a function of
by diametral pitch, dividing them by module or
the pitch. The following table is typical.
comparing them to a T (3.1416) circular pitch at
the standard pitch diameter. Any consistent
Table D-1
system of units can be used for this conversion.
See Section 3 of AGMA 908-B89 for examples. Number of Cutter Teeth Default Values
D4. Disk Shaped Cutters. Disk shaped cutters Diametral Pitch Number of Teeth
are not as standardized as hobs or other rack to 20 40
shaped cutters. The geometry of disk shaped 16 32
cutters changes with each sharpening. Generally, 12 32
the radius of the root fillet generated by these 10 30
cutters decreases as they are sharpened. 8 24
6 18
CAUTION: The tip radii and cutting 4 16
depths which are commonly assumed for 3 15
hobs must not be used for disk (pinion)
shaped cutters without verification of the Coarser pitches require consultation with the
actual tool design. For example, many manufacturer.
AGMA 69 908-B 89

A G H A 908-B m Ob87575 0003LOL 155 m
Table D-2
Typical 20" NPA Spur Disk Cutter Proportions* - Inches
Diametral Tooth Addendum Tool Tip
Pitch, 95 Number of Thickness Modification Outside Addendum Radius
'nd Life Teeth 'no xO Diameter huo (chamfer)
3 90 15 0.523 0.00 5.918 0.410 0.030 chamfer
3 50 15 0.505 -0.08 5.804 0.427 0.020 chamfer
3 25 15 0.495 -0.11 5.756 0.416 0.030 chamfer
6 90 24 0.266 0.04 4.430 O. 209 0.020 radius
6 50 24 0.245 -0.14 4.365 0.202 0.010 chamfer
6 10 24 0.221 -0.34 4.297 0.204 0.000 sharp
10 90 30 0.158 0.01 3.256 O. 128 0.010 chamfer
10 40 30 O. 140 -0.23 3.201 O. 123 0.010 chamfer
10 10 30 0.124 -0.45 3.167 O. 128 0.010 radius
* The table values are actual measurements of cutters in the field and are included to illustrate the difference between
different cutter manufacturers' standards and different sharpening conditions.
D4.2 Tooth Proportions. Table D-2, the cutter design data. To furnish a starting point
comprised of actual cutter measurements, is when the cutter design data is not available,
typical. approximate cutter geometry values are provided.
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
D4.3 Tip Radius. For cutters with less than The dimensions used are those of the spur
24 teeth, assume a sharp comer. Over 24 teeth, gear equivalent to the actual cutter, in the
assume a 0.1 I Gd radius. transverse plane. These dimensions are made
D4.4 Tooth Thickness. See D5. dimensionless and are converted to virtual spur
gear dimensions in the normal plane.
D4.5 Cutter Addendum and Clearance.
Assume that cutter addendum is 1.25 1 G d for The approximate geometry is based on the
assumption that the cutter has 18 teeth, a sharp
full depth cutters, and 1.0 /Gd for stub depth
tip radius and will reach the end of its useful life
cutters. Clearances are 0.251Gd and 0.20/&
when it is sharpened to the condition where the
respectively.
outside diameter is equal to the standard pitch
D4.6 Protuberance Disk Cutters. diameter plus 1.8 cutter addendums. Cutters with
Protuberance (pregrind and preshave) disk cutters outside diameters larger than these will generate
are usually specially designed for a specific part. gears with J factors larger than or equal to the
No default values are given here for these special approximate cutter.
cutters.
D5. Spur Gear Disc Shaper Cutters. If the Approximate minimum cutter
actual cutter is at hand, the tooth thickness can be geometry - dimensionless
measured by the span method (see ANSIIAGMA Number of teeth 18
2002-B88 Tooth Thickness Specifications and Std. tooth thickness, transverse 1.5708
Tool Addendum 1.25
Measurement) and the outside diameter can be Addendum modification -0.35
measured. The tooth thickness at the standard Tip radius 0.0 (sharp)
pitch diameter, the addendum modification
coefficient and the tool addendum can be Depending on pressure angle, actual cutters
calculated from involute geometry and the with this geometry may not be feasible due to
information in Section 5 of AGMA 908-B89. involute interference with the work gear. If it is
D6. Helical Gear Disc Shaper Cutters. Helical possible, or if cutters with less than 18 teeth must
disk shaper cutters cannot be measured as be used, consult a cutter manufacturer for more
described above, so they must be described from information.
AGMA 70 908-B8 9

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003102 O91 m
Appendix E
Derivation of Helical Overlap Factor, C$
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I
I
E l . Purpose. This Appendix provides the
derivation for a simplified method for calculating
where
2 2 0.5
C as used in AGMA 908-B89. The results are Pm1' ( R m l - Rbl> (Eq E.3)
4f
identical to AGMA 218.01, but the procedure
eliminates the need for Cx and C,h for LACR Pm2' ' 6 7 Pml (Eq E.4)
gears.
P1 = c2 (Eq E.5)
E2. Derivation. In AGMA 218.01, the helical
overlap factor for LACR helical gears is: P2 = ' 6 7 P 1 (Eq E 4
Substituting Eq E.2 into Eq E . l together with
Eq E.7 and Eq E.8 gives the new expression for
c4f
m = -F
The term, C,h / C, , is the ratio of the radii px
of curvature at the mean diameter of the pinion to
the radii of curvature at the LPSTC. i.e.;
- sin (Eq E.8)
'N - ' x b
X P1 P2
AGMA 71 9O 8-B 89

A G M A 908-B m Ob87575 0003103 T28 m
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1 AGMA 72 908-B89

AGHA 908-B Ob87575 0003L04 964
Geometry Factors for De- the pittinl Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and Helical Gear Teeth
Appendir F
High Transverse Contact Ratio Gears
This Appendix is not part of AGNA 908-B89, INFORMATION SHEET - Geometry Factors for
F1. This Appendix provides a

Purpose. two pairs of teeth in contact at the highest point of
reference for accommodating load distribution in double tooth contact becomes indeterminate,
a pair of high contact ratio gears. depending on tooth accuracy and stiffness.
F2. High transverse contact ratio gears. Studies have been done on the subject of high
When the transverse contact ratio is greater than transverse contact ratio, HTCR gears. See, for
or equal to 2.0, the load disuibution between the instance, the reference paper of Ekholy [i].
--`,```,,`,``,,,,`,`,`,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Bibliography
1. Ekholy, A. H . , Tooth Load Sharing in High-Contact Ratio Spur Gears, ASME paper 84-DET-65.
908-BS9


AGMA 908-B89 Geometry Factors For Spur and Helical Gears PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AGMA 908-B89 Geometry Factors For Spur and Helical Gears PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AGMA 908-B m Ob87575 000302b b y 4 m

AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance

AGMA INFORMATION SHEET

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

American Gear Manufacturers Assocation

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

I AGMA iii 908-B89

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

PERSO JNEL of the AGMA Committee for Gear Rating

Chairman: J. Bentley (Peerless-Winsmith)

M. Hirt (Renk) T. Urabe (Tsubakimoto Chain)

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

2 . Definitions and Symbols

3 . Basic Gear Geometry

4 . Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor. I

5 . Bending Strength Geometry Factor. J

6 . Determining Addendum Modification Coefficients

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Table of Contents (cont)

7. Geometry Factor Tables

Fig 5-1 Load Angle and Load Radius ....................................... 9

Fig 7-1 Undercutting Criteria ............................................. 19

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

1. Scope thickness due to protuberance below the active

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

2. Definitions and Symbols resistance and bending strength formulas are

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Table 2-1 (cont)

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Table 2-1 (cont)

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

3. Basic Gear Geometry

The following equations apply to spur and

n = pinion tooth number

R b 2 = R b l mG Fig 3-1 Transverse Plane View of The

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Sixth distance along line of action, c6 where

Fourth distance along line of action, Cq

Active length of line of contact, Z 3.3 Load Sharing Ratio, mN

Axial contact ratio, mF

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

4. Pitting Resistance Geometry Factor, I Ro2 = addendum radius, gear, internal or

(1) radii of curvature (Eq 4.4)

Z = active length of line of action

* See Appendix E for derviation of C

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

5. Bending Strength Geometry Factor, J (Eq 5.4)

For helical gears and spur gears that are ana-

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

Sixth distance along line of action, C n 6 , of vir-

The pressure angle at load application point, +nw

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

equal a large number such as nc = 10 000. When

Virtual base radii of tool, rnbo

nbo -- no cos 4n (Eq 5.31)

For spur gears, the actual cutter geometry is

~ 9= ~ tan+n - 9, (Eq 5.24) nbo = Rbc (Eq 5.34)

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association

where where sno, u s , Roc, and Rcare values for

from Fig 5-3

Figure 5-4 shows an involute drawn through

Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association