p20 say next Tato Ua ex of int te ea Palas a Now throug 0 atop’ was ant sth you EH % aces tostay tot ona, stra ; i sancti Awa VW as of prosecco wit te ap for Forty Hs oD ister re ih Venetian ou the eure he biped JE erace anor ec rang to cake Camb © rs at Do Ma. hoc pa. fc Valin crea a Ph from the Doe’ Pale pert he eves oPa0 Feel and tien recisng er sae exo by motor aun das from the Brest Can sot te see cles ren secon on te VEE rekon sits 35 el ou wan nae Tee af es 9 Yue om a badges, ste CARESS poping an spec Venetian OB Ua Fee sted, wi a tous epee ies nse SAT, ren $1595For you tve tke seabirds, wth your homes dispersed dcthe Cyetades, across he face ofthe waters rece een bes CaS : prefect of King Theotoric; 40 $23 ‘he Invention of Verice rps of ern nies ere eer aces fps or peso en SES 2 Lange ee Vent (Heo Ea ceed tno sre cane ro igi Ao st O00 erat a. To ods snore very wos ie. ee Ba a ad ery oe Veet see core er as ne nd et ae i wih wea egal, Pan Yo Boman vent ered ces oa Many eh enol Ais on oe bss hg, eta ued ea re leper oa a hash ec 0 ye Secs, ores: eC eee A xe Hun repeated the per een Al 01, Aa at ep er eo nae as pe ed france 2 esc of eso te ees ine Yee ign of popunien te, A te Ee, a eg es—ean e ps Jing of cities that had no chance of survival on the rn ie | a engl et gu and er reve ee WEE genres ns Sl cous eww a eB ey mrt Ao ee a ane seed Ro Ato, EM Te Paar jealy unedo2 Mach, ne 8 25 ae at watt, see net eve ring eal ens A Evy a eho yor cs she wos Pade a eh eon on ses aN Se ee ce tn 9 tpi sco non nl vet Nee eerie or gee As ex se 2 peo re conan mone Ar ey ov 08 be EEN 3 er casi enforced, In the Greek- Gothic Wars that tezan in 530, so destructive forthe et of aly, the Verein ortutusi chose the wining ie. Tei eet aided tne Byzantines in taking the Gothic capital, Ravenna and in return they receved heft radngpriveges in the East In gate for Venetian ai, Nar the Eunuc, Jstnans victorious genera, buat a chure to St Teodor where Se Marks stands tofay. More importantly, he invited the Lombards over the Alps to asst his campaigns a merce vis. These mast unpleasant of al Tevtonie barbarians Soon overan an Impoverithed and exhausted fly and delivered the coup de griceto the su ‘ing ties ofthe Venetian mallad. Another, silage wae of reyes et {othe goon In thape dares of ies was clear that any ture ayer ‘ACandle in a Dark Age: 568-810 ‘Through the tinted Venice gs ofthe republe's ater historians, this early riod was a goden age. One chronicler cle the Venetians‘ lowly people, lho eseemes mere and Imacenc, and above l reign rather than iches “They afected not olathe themselves wth omaments,o to seek honour, but hen need was they anewered othe cal” The simple tons scatered across tac islands were as Yer onty wood and tat, interspersed with gardens, each ous witht te boat "ted opts Reee tei dors Ike horses on the man haa But beneath the surlce some embryonic political oubes were abeady taking shape. To prevent the setlement from siding into anarchy, a Patriarch of ‘ado named Christopher calle an asembl of izes and canmnceé them of tte need for singe authority. n 697, a certain Paluci Arata was elects asthe ist Doge (rom othe common ule of Byzantine provincal gover rors) But there sme doubt ta sucha person evr ented. More ikl the feesive events occured during the Teonoelast struggles, begining in 726. Enpetor Leos war on religous imager was inenel unpopular inal ope Creer It and is new ales, he Lombards, ciel exploited the discontent Thee were revo in Raven, he sat of he Byzartin earch (ier). A Doge, Ors pats, elected in 726, seems to have hep the ened exarch retake tect What happened next is uncles, Some report sy there was cl warn Venice men the parisans and opponents of Byzantium, However the process oles, Veni mist have been maser of is destinies afer 752, when the lotus took Ravenna and efecvely ended any Byzantine pretensions true ‘er nortern tay. Acandoina Dak Age 311 Yn wero nh Gatn A as ce fe ee ea tune cen TY 7 pt Nea a peasants ws rows of he tp lB Nec of icone needa ean tin se eee cove acest a Ca a dete ee eh PS eae a Tene ste tare its care Whe ed, of Non Ale nS ence eth ant th eet At Een to a an parce wil Ce ofp P's cred wenden BE ce) torso bat cay con we ere avd eanct the Yenetan one mabe ney te Heo aa spe ras a een he dng owe a, Cer Pep seed eps om tans Cena oe vet a rer Ua nin eae ne wee eeu 0, whe mi arte in ges eat ee tly ede ans 0 sun Oe aren te pi 8 eer cag th Ventas rene wih dec The CEOS Fe a an dete opal erie, Tx cael ms Dd Doge ws rh slow on pe 08 Pt a mote pws same eters A en seat fe 248 DORE ie re Ma cenit ees ou he al, PED Anglo Paras tox prea he aon ee ese ea ee Vestas 9 Sum Na a ce th rene al 0 A eat ee ey of Catan, cnet WB Ae a pan prop cee coe, BD nde i an fo eet Ta De Parca seta se ere art. Te ones eal eat te Rao Pericpans ae, 8 Sn nee pt fen ad mee Vora we cen eu te become nb ENE “The Fit Cit of Modern Europe: 810-1032 Ten Papin ec he it Dg’ Paice il Te es er on tse nse core. EE, ‘he embroidered legends canbe dsreqaded hee canbe ile doubt tat he theft of St Mark from Alexandria in 628 was a clulated and bllant rmanoese of Venetian poli). Of the 55 aly cadaters tract tom around the Mediterranean by Venice |see Venetian Tapes, 5993-5) tiss he one that mattered, To underscore the adion of Mars founding ofthe se a Acai,» legend was concocted that Mark hd landed in Venie, where angel appeared to him, saying, "Peace to you, Mark, my Evangelist here Your ony sale’ To medieval Hay, an Evangel in your enpt was a ood 228 ‘Apo, maybe beter. Besides ing the city power protector in Heaven, Mark could intervene ia mare mundane atlas, allowing ito counter the the logeal and potteal pretensions of bot Corsannope and Rome. The body was Veic's Declaration of Independence. The Venetians wasted no time in sching Mark's on symbol o ter banners; thelr new adopted rattlecry, "Vb Sin Marco!” would be heard around the Mediterranea for erly a thousand years. Finding a ome forthe piees rele became the fist. ony, anda Bashica was dedicated four yeas later—sgnicany, Mark was, toes in the stadow of the Doge's new palace, ard not inthe cathedral on the distant sand of Oto Despite the new foundation, Vere stil conducted internal ata with anarchic contentiouses, The Partcipazo fal continued its nearsnonogaly ove the ogeshin, although ater 887 they had to share ther dominance wih the Candies: One ofthese, Pletro Candiano IV 959-76) prove catsronhi Vin and arbiious, Peo condocedhnslf more ike 3 feuds autocrat than a republican prince of merchants. His marrage with Watrade, sister ofthe args of Tucan, bought him towns on the mainland, an he son be Yo treat Venice a ust anther par of his possession. Coering the Venetians to elp him subdue reelious Ferrara touched of revolt remember in 976: 2 ‘nob stormed the Doge’ Palace ant se on fre, and before long the Dames engulfed the stllwooden city. When the smoke cleared there were 00 Candianos ek sanding, and ver litle of Verice. The Crseo became the new ‘yas, unt anther ert pu an ent hem in 1032, Trouble came not ony from within. fn the 830s Arb cosis appeared to plague Venetian shipping fom thelr bases in Apulia at Sey In B99, thera ing Magats overran northern Italy. Once more the Lagoan saved the cy, bata sep beter te Doge bt forteatns,seehing fom the case on (iol othe Grand Canal. Creat seches of lagoon mst ave been ed for it—par of the gradual process that was converung the Rio lands into ‘oer Vee. The Rest hy of Moder Fare 33ny pres. eying ne e608 Sa se se ts a nwa ang ete ane win Cosi, Nt AT a pig tem e, eeie SoN S ene ote pop ew Oe I en ted oa un eno Oe se ry he ea ye De of Da Sen a anager Ine ei it core, se mca Sept meh oe a ere et reg oe om aan ee yonest living on the sea. Croatian pirate tstoniars, ad there okng shone oe ents were sl acting oe OT SESE Tore Ey its, oa ng no We set sane way Ca ety eyed 932, Fre fe, Ae resting seas and ares Venetian more eno Ps and Geos, wer SiS 2D oer ee eas cto OTM {fat so a ig of ng to come “Tae Arabs were not the *Nanentine’ pirate, soc Grusades and a Constitution: 1032-1204 one x econ ath eect eg 0b ec Taco epee ag aE a eines tn se a ey tet hd at er, Asie ee kN aba oe pre roe nue ack AH aly, te syste by which doge woul asoclae’ kinsman with his rule as 2 designated sucesior was orbLdden eliminating the monarchicl tendency ‘once and for al Ie wat a perfect ime to le the ship of tate an over for the Adriatic was coming a busy place. n nother al the reviang towns were asering thelr independence against emperor and pope, and embarking on commer aees Of heir own. In the south, the big noite was being made bythe Normans, arving out thts own empite in Apula, Calabria and Sy Their ambitions towards Byzatinum crossed Venice’, and bates around the Apulan coast ‘were wage ntermitertty between 1081 and 1085, with the Venetians usualy ‘inning. Most important, tis War permitted Venice to extort eren seater trating concesdon ut othe demoralized Groeks, who had recent lost anos, fi Asa Minor tothe Seljuk Turks. Venice atained virtual contol ove all, Byzantine commerce, making te ance emp a sor of pled dependency. Just coineeraiy andi you believe tat, we have some genuine rel of St Nichols wl Sel you) he Fest Crusade was preached tn yeas ater 1005. fe was clear that a major power vacuum had appeared inthe eastern [Mediteraneen and the Veretians were not aloe in seeing the opportunity. Pisa and Genoa made ther fortunes feying crusaders, and bat soon became Important players in thereon. Venice, possesing ite ofthe rsading zeal of the murderous Franks an, rather resenil of being fred to sare is ew wind, Kept aloo rom dhe confit, fleecing the Fanks where possible and fpabting economic control of Levante cies lke Sidon (1102) and Tyre 2a ck home, theo was begining o look ore ke te Venice we know. The Basilica of St Mark vas consecrated in 1096, The i's scatered shipyards and foundries were conoldate n ne place—the Arsenal, or centuries the brekbone of Venetin power andthe bigest Industral establishment the ‘word, Tere was one netable subtraction: the land of Malamcco, Venice’ Ht capil, obiteatea by teri storm in 1108, Two more great resin the same year finally convinced Venice ofthe necestyof bung brik and For te frst mein centres, Venice was fret ook towards the mainisnd Inthe 1140s she obi control of much of sri. In tne 1150s, there were the Was ofthe Lombard League in which Verice aed the nother tan ‘hes pint Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Thera action, howeve, stl layover the zea In 1172 Venice meta staring setback as the humiated “reeks sought to ake her evenge on ther Insatiable credo in a concerted Crsades ands Connon 35acon they mprsoned teenie Veneta ang ON In CoN a ern ee hus) and sie 8 oP Ao uni gy ear in ab am her vnc sed 2 cago era er gee extort under Doge Wile Mle) 3s ce ie aoacy alle the Veetans wn Paes ne fone in he Aegean Trae date that cou ave done pemanent cama Ventana tesa a ering Dope was sale bya mob i whats no he OOH tei ean and mre (1172, resin 2 PAN cS a et eantatonal austen. for’ woud no Bs stor iene menses to nel OL aN wg an tuned tt tip conzl gary, NO co eb dele he popular mien butb tt Coen Oe mar oe ge draated Ye test means, Te er ora oak an ot, he promessione dca, own be POET se senda upon the death each an inusicn WH 15 Wa aan tons ee Dees 0 Kee at dws he, Te see ay ne Maggio conso sues cont fee SS ie eg each ste ofc rom among i own member. To essere i ene ts hices throug comple cere nels 6 stor nec lain tough several ape comes tule, Sebastiano Zant (1172) 9p wel, and under the new “Te Bist doge selected under the ened tobe the eet man in Verge He serve mene en pep rade 2 song comic 1177. ence onesies be reconsaon eren abr 972 ae Tne ts woud hve cred thet at Bi 779, 2) ‘erage sof Sant Ma and Theodore rece eed aS err crusade; while Coeurde-Lion and Saladin Venice are at out @ ye at ne Mago Cons eshned up es frets ane eee ey might ave thought ey hada sco 10 et Ouarter and a Half of the Roman Empire: 1204-1310 Tnvio Dandot, wo cee the ya and ume of SOB? Basten gp eas eld and Hind, Leped fas it be lost USO 1, ops ener in set ra otf he ands fhe mera) Wo GonmantP aged held a peinal gue, be fund hs CPPOTuRLY maser Ty che being oe Fourth Crusade 181201 2 Smt Tevet ee Viehardo caret css the freing of Tusterst a he bi 280 me ene ng ‘Venice asked for only one half of all territories conquered. Nise De Yt ee af rr ion a a ‘ofthe Crusade was tobe Egypt, the leading Moslem sea power, sere vise see vce mer cetes ase nVence The Veta shri Srna vse ‘hes pase! btu, ee ip sone 34000 ser mas et problem, Eco Dando sa sinply mate sponte vay to dle the ‘et cy dn moe a ug Duatn ca. Zan rl, tt uc De So ee constantinople took an interesting turn—« re al et rt enone tral Spe fs en ‘ie yn ate Ali et “ace Wit oie ato ss om rent creatine ‘while providence had supplied the thickhead eae accounts with the Byzantines. et ed Denn eben ey wnt he "ec inn tg SA coe te te Sein einer rc rei sree ly br cng, ea ‘ieee ei, sn pos nnn oi te dy unl te Tendon as wee beached, The cage ab eran oe da sk cue Hl Met chance veld hove rn re ent! ote, 00 ye acne pera ‘spoils was packed into the holds of Venetian galleys. i eg mye oe cor de sewc cine eh ie fn we ei te tae» bsp cnc The Veneta pal eos ee A Quatro Half of te Roman Empire 37amosrne ones othe pone nae er fh EO famous rr srowed te clvees oi, They Hee Freeh ASP 20 fwd tang povmes, imported an tard tee PY an mot of Sane, an sted tha 608), SENN “atm Eg unsand tong pts at Yang ae eS sees he pce unter ad haf Byzantium, ea ada agate empre tt won tine WAY Songs - : Se opamp in town eked expec ee, Earn canst war notes sa Pe mae na gy mst cee OE, sein, cay ots he pen Yes aC oe a eh Ese ea ue 2 208 SN snd eae re ter an congo Geno Case Ink ee Oe et ta often e e cones ht yeni ge AE 0 1253 oe AE eran ani ging ra ws 177 YE Me eet eae Canine om Fm TM 2 In 20h cr Fanon, ws dertana) ala 6 Enger, Mice ns ee eens te cual ol CaN rege he Yn uae! ete BG, ons ean a el canenaly, Macs Fete Aegean wat tl ee oa eat Es et era wr tng Cnt ene et Som enn a ter A ance sm heb of te bt Ye, es togethers oe Rt te UES salto nd ema. Tes cond ee ees at cossuoui He Spurs tan Zant and 7 the Frari. But the expense Gog} SB i A orate" Stor patie Rec Sroer henry soa meses te nas th Conon, tne claps of the crue sates 2 ‘Resp wde an foe Vee nn whey liane wth he Mates. At hone, the owe how Mpc, poltey a wel eons Dung te oe! oe century he Mag Cnt patie sol ove te Rep shes cn beh eer 50 ‘Wh he ou Serta kno te Conn 1207, te Venta ee {ued sf no a teay cate To enc in Gate ok the cal eaicien ws bah an ance nan ce ole ceo sr ib eeranig a Veneto cae of ere ig parti pu. Locked were oo ely the way, bu a ume oor perl wh os aces. Tine et ene ey cote o {Sc re on ve ue 5, pti a ay ey tod way tnd teste r,t yn eke ran tice ht ey wel et ree han pal The oan or ‘hee es was eg ree often sve a oon toe ny ty reps wee goer he te osname sono Ching over wher eran hes cout et tna ea Spee Te Venta ie wee ena ease: esp ‘Se wer ov odeng, hy mast reat atte ei. An hey wee ‘She bite pi ny cera Nota al Veren ace te new nde Ng. Te ft ev the dared ere 1900 snd was bony supose at ‘ous duane in 131, he Depp alamont Tepla, ‘the “Gran Cavaliere, came from a noble family that had produced two doses. Sendoone iene we tent beer, ersten ap ands sng ie commen pepe, who apensy hd aed Sec ot epoca nop tone as wa pce yan One snprtant Innovation came about a2 result of he eel, as expressed in an old sone Inthe year one thousand three hundred and tn Inte mids ofthe month for harvesting gran Baismonte passed over the ponte and so was formed the Counc of Ten ‘The Councit of Tea, oginay an emergency boty formed to root out simone’ supporters, was to become the mort powerful part ofthe state machinery. More ora execute than the dog, the Ten guarded Venice's A Quanerand Hay ofth Roman Empire 39th snp ws ane ssc eked tr el oi. an wits 24 se de ee con Genoese Was andthe Mainland Emp 1310-1455 ev gre peed yA Pk sing ound the 1200s had seen battles from Liguria to Cm cxrasing od eo 1208) a ial exon AEN Bee ees a coer wt TE ee a ees rane the icon of Abn an ‘Seal of Verona were posing a new threat. Tne ce yo een 4 be Doge AACE Ws Seat he r in the 13305, Venice checked the ambitions ted ne arm we er cnc Bee of Merona, an nes movant nd wade routs oe the AP oe may ike itor not, the city that had aways turned its back on a a ee oro hat ag, he mts of al einige PE pacer the dav ofthe Reasnce. : 2 ey sip npr i ry ones, cad ne tee et ee foam mtb meee resent se A lng me Pepe 1352 ee to Genoa, but for Venice mare ran rected Arsenal workers to stage another con vanaf ‘the Doge's Palace. Dalmatia was gobbled ‘up by the King of ae ct itn hte, jane y some Tcl Veneta APRS, IMtempted with the aldo ds ‘quater at Plain sia. Ons stip made it back to Vere, and Pan! was ‘tossed inthe Doge's prsons—the common ae af Venetian commanders who permite such things to happen. But Venice was in desperate tas, unde fended wit a huge enemy Nee speeding towards the Lagoon Asn Ppin's time, te channel markers were pulled up abd the Lagoon entrances locked, ‘Te ene populaton mobiles sel si tine to receive the Genoese et, ‘The Genoese heleved Chioga on the southern edge ofthe Lagoon, tobe the ‘ey to capturing al With their Puan ales they stormed itn August 1379, and Venie war under spe. ‘The Venetians, igh and low, responded to the threat with ther acustomed resolve, bt they hada demand tat even the Doge andthe Ten could rot wih stand, They wanted Vettr Psani for thei leader, and no other, Te old ‘Admiral’ chains had 1 come of, and back In command, he produces the inspired plan of blockading the blockades. ere fight onthe longs night ofthe yea, he dragged ut od lk fl of ck a sunk tem inthe chan nel, cutngof the occupying force ram is et an rom the Pavan on the rainland, The Venetians knew they court kee up for lone The sucess thei gamble depended onthe ehance that tet othe fest, under the mete ‘al amial Carlo Zeno, would retur nine before he ager Genoese force could assert sl At the beining ofthe war, Zeno had been sent out to haat Genoese shipping He was year overdue, nd no one even ew itil cist, o where might be Province was evident in apostle mood, and now the cy tat had ned so long by fabrieating legends and aaces founds reward. On New Year's orig thesals Were sighted. was Caio Zeno, and Venice was saved. After «yer of sweeping Genoese shipping ofthe seas, he had come with an enor "mos load of Booy and 3 len igting tim. The counter iege continued ‘unl June but it ened in heft anion ofthe Genoese ary an feet oth ides were now completely exhausted. Venice ts comme and navy Imac, woul recover guiciy; Genea wuld soon drop frm the ranks ofthe major powers ina maelsrom of war and eonome dec, ‘One lesson eae fom the war was the danger of allowing the hina to be n enemy hans. The Padus, in cutingff the i's food sippy, had pen Venice a greater right han alte gles of Genoa tn adtion, economic forces now mae clear the need for an astured market for Venetian pods ant ‘uaaneed aces to the markets ofthe north, Des he danger, Verce held her nove and plunge hed ist into the config, Srl werk of ln power ols. Treviso, lst in te Wat of Chg, was retaken in 1382. After a Genoese Warsand he Mallnd Bmpte atan, wo ouster inte wn of Gian Caearo Vico ef Ma, i lf arth a bebe Ms death 40, Venice ey cesta aan aa ove Shea ‘ef ew ey ig paso enemies aon ad Vern. ny eumacy no upg fa natn ata eed SY Me teense Ven’ ew caer We EOD tanned Dana form he Hurt a eed Sa ie ion fe venta aul Ponte at prety te termes anos vo Venecns wanted readin 142 owing warp scree ener Francesc oscar Do Ae ine, Vee wa se nny fe, ro ee wt ea veh Hate py stan eh, om ON see ee by be od erzstaaverier dona dean heretics ad Seng xed Pe he BB Medrano Somerset 1232 si {CSC ca So Tomas Mose eae 3 Outs ee ge Veneta nto eet Foscants iat 0 re vac bees ayetreson nad tis wads ae aves eae hes wwe tian ee et Doe Fanta some ols fh own ara ci was vow sn he oa ee we egy, ese en Sycirnntonrews teen ee oi, erste recess on heme sue a eee ny conan fe ata wo Wen ea a er cena abe Ars ere halted Pers Soci tt cin ep whe eT, se ear cnet fe wee oS rine a4 ng ey mse cll ena, Vee emg a eto Camagnol he eae eo EEN, aaa nore cat Rn nbs ances Sora. Th st reat ns fst mer he ata cans a oeef ur anu ota anos eqns stein Faia, whe Sora sper pre and hed Dake fan nh nd Vie cae aor a elaine of Began aa Beco ou node a bene cone eno. re genoa helt emt he erent ofthe EUS et A an sie bee ok op RO 22 History ‘Venice's rerement she i tum woud rule unlike he colonies elsewhere) ‘with ste and sympaty—ten, when an invader seized one ofthe maland ‘ons, he wuld ind hime up agaist a popular incurection bellowing Vive ‘San Marc. This is partf the developing Myth of Venice” tat commanded he worlds admiration: stability, continuity and impartial juice under its Uuniue constuton, No satin Europe planed its eccomic ais more intel lgety o tok beter eae of its own people. Perhaps was ony Venice's head Star that made ita society mre highly evolve than any n Erope—the Venice of oscar was already a hoisand ears od ‘Serenissima in Spite of Everything: 1453-1571 Pride, for your average imperial, is supposed to come befor a fal. And sirecty upon elgesting her new land empite, Venice's luck began to change. Son things tamed ely bad, hen worse, a then worse sl, The dsocatns in trae should nave been ft to such asc eran chy serie ade shits ad beer to Amit, and Pisa. They were no. The rabid crusade of he eat powers of Europe against her should have finished her oft It dint Poiteaiy, the Leth century was one ofthe shales pea in European his ‘ory. For Venice, it featured a murderer’ row of iter enemies ferocious, err ope Julius I the megalomarize Chare V, with hall of Europe in his pocket worst of alte ive Trk, with a mitlon men, a thousan ays, and nothing beter odo than beat onthe Venetians. So how did Venice sur ‘ve? In rand stl, tank you, wth masqus an popea's, and an attic ‘chievement unequaled by any cy of he Renaitance sve ony Florence In sanbut's Matary Museum, you can see the sword of Ata the Hun, leader of ne of he tweve historical Turki empires. No Venetian woul bave been supe oe that ther esteemed founding father had bean a Tut thei foe of destiny. Even without him, the Vedas had been trading with various Turkish emirates for centuries around the coasts of Anatoli. The Ottoman ‘Turks, who by 1400 contolled much of Greece, the Balkans and eastern Anatol, ere moe of probe. Theale at ar coming ea ees tha et Ace nd eos upto anny wee wel ro ote este! Epp the tenes bY sty coe toting Th 13a when be Oona cts be Dey yd a Ca rece eye oe A ned at he ha Sa {xsi ales: The Elta Men Meme te angen ‘din 18, ne ed nse nok ado Oommen ‘Serenissima m Spe of Everything 43Mion the Conqueror’ port But the THs wee fs taking es The nd Pope nd ae ows n Aa 8 ee acme ye fram 1464 to 1479, lost Venice the srg ware ea Bes Anos No aston oan om te re of sora apo! et ovn pen ey wee ht SE talent ayer doen ape 148 the Tus se ais ep vet re esetena besten om he Cangas rane ed a short breathing space. fre nga huaatng pve, Ve aie 3 tr being et crete as sect ye our Spe To ore me Ronco epee! Seppe mo age vi Yee Se nasa fname oer as fens cr snr MnP Naps oe Sas put ene ss ce yh pais fr one a an eg wea, Oe ung ups cron eg ee me sd reece ple pte cy of ep some tlt tole a lnc apes neuron hea nes, Ye ed 0, Ts vpeminersuces ae wth he agguston of Cyprats8 a en ca ee te cst eed of enh Sees Wp The Vein Caterina Cormaro hs mares ig retested wen in en ree net cern une ted sy esnted teen oa aa gion oo Cx oun ese ec 27 ‘Ae reson wn a Ve the One ge up ecm ad poate "= ees eu tom othe res sy tenets wey beste Ware ae. Chr cd hrc Vnen 159. forte enemy pnt ie we i eer Aro hogey Oe Seen sO, a ae can ror ised 988 oe a 28 NS Feat Veena Gama, ho completed he st 7 wT «a ew the Hom of Aca o India, Venice's monopaly af he East was gone fo eve. The disaster was nether immediate nor faa, bt steady decne in recep was recorded over the ext century. Venlce responded with her accustomed lenery, even proposing othe Sultan of Egypt that canal be dg acres he Sez, But thre waste the Repub could do, In 150, Venice lected Doge of substance, the ft since scar, Leonardo Loredan might hae pase int hsory with ase noice a is predecesors, ewashis tt, however, tobe Doge during ihe rests ts Venice would eve under. ‘The Wars of lay ha areas been going on for seven years, withthe conse quent niusion of foreign powers that would pu an end to both tan erty {nthe Haan Renasance. In 1494, Duke Lodovio of Mian stated the com ‘oto by mtg ne King of Fane, Charles VIM, to give him and galas. hs archanemy, Napes. Charles could not resist and marched his ey down, ‘he peninsula tok Naples with suprising ese. The Ian, who ba lack alcly watched Charles’ parade, now finaly became alarmed, Venice took ‘nos ofthe iniauve informing a defensive league against the French and ‘erie supped most ofthe money and men for the Lea's army, tempting to block Chares’ return to France. When the League led to do, atthe Bate of Fornovo (1405 it was leat al that plenty of Kalan real esate wes avalible to any power bold enough to sath it. Thug the 14905 nd 1500, thes enue, wh oot non 2y Care ses, Lu 0, essing te const of Me, ate ‘aking of Naps by the Sanh. Vee scheming expand tos he ‘ou ad petaps even te Tren so, cnt et ty beconng ied Under be Brg ope Aetade (82-1503, Cee Bog nd reat nt emp ein cen ay ela oats fy tnd determin! ses, Jala In 508, an Von ok svat Centon to ab Rim ands ote toms othe Rane, We ‘of the Papal States. That was a mistake. esr tar dearer, the ry ges won pl econ by etn sock an lable One ented us howe Re mies sn ‘ease pal conta oe os that a sped ovat esa spe tre prices tr sypn et he Wasa bing ame ested the ato fern Sueded ttn Se ‘ih Verh on ate sng and deen enue ee Sat. Tanks to the donate stanton ote te heey sane oe alias win the Hoy Roman Emi and Auta, ance, Sea and Ral, Seremisina in Spe of Evrthing 4Ssexta mit aan re ‘mete hee, wot ah yh sete ed a ShtardVence by dplomay athe ood wl of rer Poses, a Cet tsa et 1 te Pope The Turks, wo ad proven bee baited wih ate con sian ont err ets Naval campaigns aiest Venice occupied most ofthe 1530, Cora, the key 0 2c - we ‘The Turks aso fostered another menace that hit Venice much ser to home, ‘The Uskoks, an unsavoury bend of Dalmatian Sas, repeated the stary ofthe [Naentne pats ofthe 000s Supported by the sultans, they annoyed Venetian, ‘sipping fr decades. n 1570, the Turkish Wass began ae When Sian Sli (the Sot heist of the decadent Otomans| tacked Cypns. For one, Venice ‘was no ne. Four yeas eal, the Turk’ unsuceestl attack on Malta had errayed their ambiton of dominaing the ene Metitranean, and Spin was alarmed enough to senda eet to the Eat. That ea, the efit came to na when the Spanish aml, Gin Andrea Don of Genoa, refused to atack ot operate in any way with the Venetian feet. (is fate, the lamous Andes Dora, tad twice pul smarts on the Venetians, te shameless teacery ofthe Doris and inteed ofa Genoese a recuring mot in Venetian history), Cyprus of he Turkish coast, had no chance of surviving The cmax of the campaign was the lege of Famagusta, where a mall ce under Marcantonio, Brogadndstngused se ina hopeles defence, For his trouble Bazan was ‘ayed ave bythe Turks commander. The flowing yar, the embarrassed Synias sen lange force under the more wusworty Don Jenn of Asta, bastard son of Charles V. More lp came fom the leat ky of raval pow, "he Papal States, andthe led Net sald staiht for Greece. The Turks were ‘wating in the Gulf of Pauas, and on 7 October 1571, ies of gly our aes long fines what was perhaps the biggest sen Bate ever fought in the Maditeanean, the Bate of Lepant, "east less nan sx ours, and at heen (despite the cope of the lies’ "iat wing thnks to Venice's ol fend Gian Andrea Dor) the Tush Net as scattered, A hundred of their alleys were snk and 130 captured, and some 15,000 Christan slaves were Heated. When the ships brought the news to Venie and pyramids of captured turbans and Banners were pied in the Piazzea, Venice celebrated forfour day. lonely, the Vctory of Lepento hanged ite inthe Mesterranean. Two years afer, when it was clet that ‘Syn would provgeno further ld—Pailip Iwas more concerned withthe ‘Low Couns and England—Venice fl self compels to sue for peace. ‘Abandoned by heats, Venice didnot regia ypu ar anything ese—only fan tease inthe tnbute demanded by the Sultan forthe las few Venetian enclaves inte Eat Venice's century of als was almost over. The peace with Turkey would last. fity yeas. The Otoans, under an unbroken line of wretched stan, were well on thelr way to becoming the ‘Sick Man of Europe’, Venice, het ade lecning every year, realized wih a merchant's perspec that tere was Sereisima inspite of Evenehng ATvgonsaeyinn ute n waster tascam = sey anh at do atta eed wcrc tierce as nang aca A rs opr te ete he bes so De cae ‘There was a dinner party at the Doge's Palace. Barter in the day a nga trast tates voer igniter ule te same 2 [ADecine to Remember: 1579-1796 a rene spent what ene ee Nato Ve Di da conenean wots ws acing es decd of he Sho Tce nas eomrcing an cs wee ibe Dy eon pean Man Ve a the ces Suvi, a 1008 48 Hisory ‘o break foe fom the contains ofthe new era, Her policy of neutrality and ‘er centuries of dlomatc experience kept her afloat wth te dct, but ‘he grandchildren ofthe Venetian enerchants and warrior fund they bad o resign Memselves to a very dierent i: they could enjoy themselres, and erent averse of, but beyond that opportunites were lied For the next wo centuries, history would he agit o vgs in the Doge's Place in 1577, occasoning Tintreta’s panne Paradise andthe rebulling ofthe Palace ise. The fist tate run banks appeared in 1587. The wars against the Uskoks continued un diplomacy iced the Ausra in 1617 tostopsupporing ther. Along the way 2 ely serous se are up ne that would reflect brian the matty and decency ofthe Venetia stat. BY 1006, the Papacy was greatly weakened by is own excesses buts a dan eros power in Ilan aff In 1606, Pope Paul Vchoveto make an issue ‘over two Venetian pres a apis anda child molester, indeed by the Ten, Despite centues of practice, the pops sil mainfaned the Reon that cei were immune to cil juste in Venice. Although this wil als was pat of ‘much ager struggle, the Pope used it asa sick to beat Venice, and forthe fourth time, the ated cy was placed unde interdict ands lest ecorm rie, But Venice had secret weapon. scholaty Servite far named Paolo Sari devoted to Venice an to religous tolerance, was employed by the Sate To sete the papal argument, ich hea wih anastutenes that attracted the ‘tention ofa Europe, Protestant and Cathal, The Ten, wih ter accustomed raggshness, tok cae of any recaliant priests. One who refused to ay mas woke up one morning t fd a allows ected in font of his church. Another, ‘calming tat he would act ste Holy Spt moved hi, was tlt ht te Hey ‘pita aeagy moved the Ten to hang al titers, Sap ana Venice Wor: the Intrict was lifted in 1607, and twas the Inst time the popes Would eve try sucta thing aginst anyone. Rome knew how to Ber grudges in those day ‘three times the Roman Curia sent assassins after Sari though they bungled ach tempt. Venice could stl wage a war when rguied, The Tue gave ner one of 25 Yeas that Began in 1685 and ended wath he oe of Crete, Venice's as ior. lan overseas possesion. And afer 1083, when te lst attic on Vienna fled, exposing the Turse weaknes, Venice found iti her to go back on the slfersive, In 1685, Francesco Morosini led brillant expedition that "epined many ofthe los tertorsin Greece. Most ofthese, towevet, sipped "vay again in Venice's as war wth Turkey, between 1714 and 1718, ‘ADecine Remember 49‘stn te esto aly, the 17h century had been a dsasereconcmically fr aera ye cy Dad sponded wel to he ctanges ofthe Hoth century deve Se ines in Base and texts, Now even hese were ore of te are by northern competitors, whe the Dutch and English took over uct erie tending Mederanennvade. Ins decline, both the strengths nd the oe an of Venice’ nique sate revealed themseves clean. Te decom eth noob, mincng between casino ad balonn, sil eps vant eerie, tote end prevenied ay ffs that would ring new od three poemment On the other and the uncanny machine of he const io me Tred to sper on: stably and justice were mamiained, the roves mere happy, aa despite rampant comupton the sare Frances emaind precy sal it up unt 1797. ae the last Tuksh wa, Venice eter Hees and armies rot. Undeended, ea Sepended on he lomacy and neuety to keep the work a ber. The sre at caope, which had come to enjy the city 2 sot of adult fafa was I eae er one This ayes and most cosnopetan fal ces Be aay op for nrtererson te Grad Tou, Bess the oper andthe 2 Bp and legendary promiscuty, they care forte ene of una ace saeratte mind, forthe fst ané only te inher fong story sensible Terie specumbed completely to the sensalprombe of Re sen-bore home. Trees Sing yeas were named forte appearance of sopranos at he oP ‘The fst hota alloon in Waly ascended in 1784 fom in ont of St Mark's THe Tan's iiculos spies matked It all down, but noone gwve 2a, New Thecenes were bull with parish facades lriving not God, But minor Freese faites, Spectacle became an end in sel and with is milena Fotcice te machinery of Veneta pomp as ceremony tuned ound rected a rian seve, Venice was ful of mpoveishes noblemen, ri vce bylaw to dress in ks and keep up a god fot: dey somehow see up some penis to rena servant fr the night I by ev chance Someone wer 10 al. sto perpetus’ray as forever—as Pol Sarl had ald ons dea dae re ye closet tan anyone Kn. Fst hough comes 2st ure eats ofthe ope: Angelo Emo, the st admiral of Venice on Vice’ ast Seteaton, In 1790 he enastied the Barbary pates while everyone es Ein ne English, ws paying tem tribute, Si yeas ater, Napoleon's saarmaty wat marching int the Veneto, Before he eve reached the apleon destroyed Venice na wa of eres, aerating tet an 25h ree ete Veneans feted and rerbled. Neer the miserable ast Do ‘ago Marin (wh bad hinted when he beard of his election in 1789), nt eee eens the occupied Veneto against their revolutionary ‘iterators “ ‘republic ended in a shameful note of opere bouff: atthe last ving of he Ge aenenuacrsiecemcaanes si sn eee ant Din te Manin separ av ant is Doge re anti Doge's ta ate are wonteecgy sees nan Ee Just Another Provineial Capita: 1797— “wit ive no moe gt ston, no mare Senate ‘J will be an Attila to the Venetian state. . Napicon ata tg Yes a i ee ional Wa as ‘sen weno xa in Me cer Sr ay a ple pt caer ot ‘ei ae win ero ey nese Sheer ‘the reason, Napoleon went after Venice and Its symbols with 8 a : ‘than he showed for any of his other conquests: contractors were iso chop own he ai as Vee se hey wo be money ee wu ea se eee as eh ehh ate sos Pe te Ragone ste the ey once ented tesa nt ‘oj ean an i eng se wal hve ined ad eon noon for a his elo poste, Ny feat deg polo ad fw pls tout hand Vesey of Cpt ne ets oe edu re ela el man a, Se rAd ie es a No fe cari gn ree! as nye ea te 115 Congres of ene made ects oe pt lem Ee, pias cng 15 dens oer pot pln a Vee’ nigh indepenence was aural ten. She wa Be oo st Arter Proneal Capea! $1“Astin proce, and as sch te found te to do Bu serve 2 casi 10 entertain eg To the Venetians, the Engsh were tei ‘salows because they always cae Teeth te season, Aer Napoleon, they cked to Venice neve eat raw ron awieing down te Grand Cal, Shelley necting i chi cae sy nerf Rus, climbing aes to scruttize Goh aos. The sretya must often have Been the best show in town, for Venice, unde the Tren rule of the Austrians, coud never reain anything of accustomed They Tou ot partly ppresive eter were the Asrns ey vrei nigh tases and rar censors were Venice's nt along wth. an asain gly manne b} Cerrar or Siavs who oe knew o aa. Fas dvnded to almost nothing 5 te Austians consciously favoured the onto Teste, ut whl Verge was eects tours eet, Fak aor ek for northerner, another invasion was plotted; modernity repented ts aac 1840, when an Astoaliansyclcate Dal he rata sey over the Lagoon to the city Along with i independence, Venice’ Delve Sense of separateness was gne fr er ‘Gone, though not fegoten, an here was a chance for heroine, a as sre i Marco” betore te ey Sally surrendered 0 story and ae, aaa Teas, when revolts convules Europe, Venetian patriots selzed the ‘Do's Flat andthe Arsenal, and ecard he Republi reborn Te eae, eee ae beer stewing inthe Doge's od dungeons fr an-Austrin activites, Te enc lawyer named Daniele Manin. Though nical sharing he Su rare las dagactal Doge, tis Manin wou! Rlp redeem Vic's Fouts ina brave defence that sted lng arte other revo around fa eden erste Towns and vias nthe Veneto sentimental rales Money ee ver sles. In Veice ely Manin ogaized a democratic governments sec ofthe old abl famille eld ther teases and vente places 0 hep nance the nse “The Venetians Dew a hole inthe new causeway, and the Austrians were ‘Ravel to moulin 2 blockade ané bombarding the iy rom te mainland Tan shppng of couse, gored the Bockade, ad there was hope hat Lord passe tens spate government right nervene—Venetians ater blamed raure to fo ao on the Bish consol in Venke, a end ofthe Austans rea ewan, who wrote tack to London dering the revolutionaries 3 ‘iPod asventre’ Alo wth Kossuth nthe Hungarians ence ms ‘pent eho out inthe eet year of fale revotuvons, Hunger, and a ing iden of hoes, red Manin to suener in August 1689 52 Histo Mente Area hey he vere et Beato wth akan Ge ic reanle ce they knew thetr days were ber ‘Still, Venice trae eno eed oe of eho ene a son carey te Prins, en ede Asea in Under tan ue, ass be . 2 prove. A pr was begun at Maer pi he teh et a ase alt berwen the Was when Vere ws ed Seeman wn tn as nt! ul ef German collapse. Legends have grown up about has 1 tha ih {ones hate Bt fees ave pnd she rts Ad cnngens raed on, toave the kf te bet hotel, The New Zalandes Wan te pe ‘their tanks over a bridge in Mestre they passed the entite German ete force, marching out beneath them. eee ‘Ate te War, ere improvemens en to hate ome urrseen conse ues ey Vers eee, pene eo © te son he ming neste and Mapper eo Sol sue whe end: ted te a an wat of es. The iy hat had 170,00 people 1095 now dow 0 79000, ad te mew puto of whieh tite cere ee le oa Peso one shore il an sno er spat ors Nescafe eee ent esr ed 101 verte teste ste asa ee, er So ito pine, nt rnc esti cy rps and saya, Posts ene stench ie pape ster the pet fan 1986 he sae a he cy es Saige psig alga inves of he 1980 the Pk Fa cone of 1989 that aed i aa nef be nies heroes, wh ee wb ey sal. pore mae che “senate ita ay oat more eration work as en done Poa been done ere ten nay eter alan ate ene nr sl pe era ae ee Mo hee pe ase pect sh vo tn pitas tu kn Wak Esme oy tes enh eae te sco ea ew et mai ae er be Zero Narre amu te ot ao ing an ig ene sao om sg. Even 2 ‘Problem (in 1990) seems to be subsiding, although no one ely ows wy Just Another Province Catal 8‘me Quen af the Adria sts wel scrubbed and prety these dos, sl tthe ety of isos bt wth alfa dt rand seek some more honourable ‘Paploment, The doomed Expo was suposed to have ered as acta or rene roconsrcton, wih such extravagant but potently wsefu roposls ‘San undergound fo urte the cy wih the munland. Othe eas are i he ira heetate zone, ora headquarters ci frintrnatonal oryizations. The eco pola! enanges in ental Europe may havea surpesing fect As the Tagen logeal window on the Mediterranean, sole tat thanks to the ‘Ausra ake mst now share with Test, thee may Be some ne chance fo ate oa sutra meeting place for 2 vas pat of Euope sowing every ds¥ ‘Guertopether, Venice’ expesence shoul ot be wastes an inthe decades ‘ome fay be ht the Serensnazmay nd some real work to do on gain I cornonogy sia Sl) Date Events Doge 401 Ace Gos sack of Aula 1225 Venice outed, acon raion, on 25 Mar [stsetemsnten te at aly San ioe Ps 4st tinh on dss pec Agen and planers Ver, ogi ek see Laon 490 The 12 Laon comnts det rom bes. 39-60 Grek Gt Was ay. S580.» Venetar aso Nae the Each and ate evades ‘ih Church of Sa Teafero on te Rr. 4508 Lous made nba of Alun ee Te 630A ine fonds abel on Tec or Tasoral anette cin fest ope. ‘Pave Anes m7 ‘Marcel estan Jasons sugges Byun: Fis documented Oro pte (heath eat Davo Doe, sb ot Intec om Bru, 737 lect eS Macs de Ml 72 Capo] exaised a Manor, or Deoato 755 (ata Gato 758 Domenico Monegro ‘Mauro Gals 7k Pepincing he angtom fay, acti Franks une Veit on tea bat sed te Lon acute = vane im ‘Opel de tenor sé Axo Date Events Dore {10 erin Cates’ unc ess te (Sint ae per Sephora a ey meng Vee wt chai enema e Sones iy a a ‘Cans rece 228-9 sis’ ty ey estan mht ant Goan rp? ‘rekon wih emer yay nee Oe olngot te nga eho 836 Anbesnthe Aie Peto Tradoico ‘Venice sacs salt val Comacchio. “ Peto Cnn hs inate wn Nutini. ee Cann ave Pano Ono rai 32 ences Comcioapinsarenats Pero Coda a ence aa ei Ie to. oa se ‘oo Conant 960 Duan ld Ven ro Candano 1V 97% Doge ity Canara Oreo shinny pps: Petr Oreo basi of San Maco deste ye, on Mal nang Tro en ot on 998 Emperor Oxo if ists Vere. Pew onces {000 Thess eet crahg be paso ve, ih baa ea to2e ero 1032 csr tte One fant ogee ce Donen itn Iounding fa das; dope ftidten to nominate ae sous ion Sones 1082 in pats a Ven’ gt th Norms, Ener: Pens Comer gate Cre, sot th metcansoVeice fa ane an testa tbe zante Emp Crronoiag 55