TETRACYCLINE

BY

NATNICHA TRIYANGKULSRI
NO.16 1108
5861070
 Tetracycline

Chemical names:

4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-penta-
hydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthalenecarboxamide

Synonyms:

Deschlorobiomycin; Tsiklomitsin; Abricycline; Achromycin; Agromicina;

Ambramicina; Ambramycin; Bio-Tetra; Bristaciclina; Cefracycline suspension;
Criseociclina; Cyclomysin; Democracin; Hostacycline; Omegamycin;
Panmycin; Polycycline; Purocyclin; Sanclomycine;Steclin; Tetrabon; Tetracyn;
Tetradecin

Molecular formula:

C22H24N2O8

Structure and functional groups:

Purpose and application of this substance:

It is an antibiotic used in both human medicine and veterinary medicine.

It is used for treatment of infections caused by tetracycline sensitive organisms.
It is used a lot for both human and animals. For human, tetracycline has also
been primarily as short term, oral dosage formulations for the treatment of
clinical disease, disease that could be recognised by symptom (Wells, n.d.). It is
also used as the treatment of various dermatologic and non-dermatologic
diseases. For examples, skin which the mechanisms of action of the
tetracyclines and tetracycline derivatives in the treatment of various skin
diseases, acne which tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline are effective in
the treatment of acne, Rosacea which tetracyclines and their analogues are
effective in the treatment of rosacea and related disorders, such as perioral
dermatitis, ocular rosacea, and steroid-related rosacea and bone metabolism
which tetracycline plays a big part in that treatment (Sapadin & Fleischmajer,
2006).

Tetracycline has been used in animals for more than 40 years. It has been
used in many species of animals. For instance, Chickens and Turkeys which
tetracycline acts as the treatment of chronic respiratory disease, blue comb,
infectious and sinusitis ,and mud fever and hexamitiasis as well as control of
synovitis and coccidiosis in those animals. This substance also plays a big role
in the treatment of infection by tetracycline sensitive organisms in cattle, sheep
and horse (Wells, n.d.).

For the medical and manufacture part, chlortetracycline is antibacterai

agent obtained by aerobic fermentation of strains of Streptomyces aureofaciens
or Streptomyces viridifaciens. It is obtained commercially by large scale
fermentation (Wells, n.d.).

Chemical properties:

This is the action of tetracycline and how it works. Tetracyclines acts by

the inhibiting attachment of aminoacyl-t RNA to the A site on the 30s ribosome
to prevent protein synthesis. Translation is inhibited by one molecule of
tetracycline per ribosome. It is postulated that a tetracycline-magnesium
complex is formed at the ribosome, making it less flexible and therefore unable
to bind aminoacyl-t RNA. It has been found that minding of tetracyclines to the
30s ribosome is dependent on proteins S7, S14 and S19 (Wells, n.d.).
Physical properties:

The appearance of this substance is finely divided yellow powder. Its

molecular weight is equal to 444.43. The pure active ingredient could be
tetracycline, tetracycline hydrochloride or phosphoric acid complex of
tetracycline. The major impurities of tetracycline are Chlortetracycline and
epitetracycline (8 % max). It boils at 170-175 degree celcius and becomes
anhydrous by drying in vacuo at 60 degree celsius for 8 hours. It would swell at
165 degree celcius. It dissolves 1.7 grams per a litre of water and more than 20
grams in a litre of MeOH. In order to store this substance, it would remain
stable for 6 months at ambient temperatures (Wells, n.d.).
 References

Fleischmajer, R & Sapadin, A. (2006). Tetracyclines: Nonantibiotic properties

and their clinical implications. Retrieved May 14, 2017 from https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16443056

Wells, R. (n.d.). TETRACYCLINE. Retrieved May 15, 2017 from http://

www.fao.org/fileadmin/ user_upload/vetdrug/docs/41-8-tetracycline.pdf