Living Oceans Society

Living Oceans Society is a Canadian environmental or- 1.3 Sustainable seafood

ganization that has been a leader in the eort to pro-
tect Canadas oceans since 1998. It is based in Sointula, Living Oceans Society is a founding member of
British Columbia, with a satellite oce in Vancouver, SeaChoice, a program that helps consumers and
British Columbia. Living Oceans Societys vision is: businesses make choices that support sustainable
Canadas oceans are sustainably managed and thriving seafood.[8][9] Living Oceans Society partners with indus-
with abundant sea life that supports vibrant and resilient try leaders who are pioneering sustainable shing and
communities.[2] aquaculture practices, and connects these partners with
consumers that are demanding their products.[10][11][12]
SeaChoice works closely with the Monterey Bay
1 Initiatives Aquariums Seafood Watch program to ensure that all
sustainability assessments are accurate and grounded
in science.[13] Living Oceans Society also pushes the
Living Oceans Society focuses its work on six initiatives:
Canadian government to address issues such as bycatch,
salmon farming, ocean acidication, sustainable seafood,
[3] deep sea sheries impacts and salmon farming.
ocean ecosystems, tankers and ocean planning.

1.4 Salmon farming

1.1 Ocean planning
Living Oceans Society is working to establish ecosystem-
based management (EBM), including a network of
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Canadas North Pa-
cic waters. Living Oceans Society is actively involved
in both the federal Pacic North Coast Integrated Man-
agement Area (PNCIMA) marine planning process, and
the Marine Planning Partnership (MaPP) between the
Province of British Columbia and the First Nations
groups of B.C.'s North and Central Coasts and Haida
Gwaii. The organization is working with local stakehold-
ers to better manage the areas resources and ensure a
healthy ocean and healthy communities in the region. To
support this work, Living Oceans Society has researched
and analyzed socio-economics of coastal communities,
current management practices for MPAs,[4] and shing
bycatch,[5] and has gathered data in deep sea ecosystems.
Living Oceans Society co-ordinates the Coastal Alliance
for Aquaculture Reform (CAAR), a coalition of ve lead-
ing Canadian environmental organizations that work to
promote a transition from open net-cage salmon aquacul-
ture to closed-containment salmon aquaculture in British
Columbia.[14] CAAR works with the government and in-
dustry on sea lice monitoring,[15][16] and researches the
viability of closed containment aquaculture systems.[17]
It also works with grocery retailers and restaurants to
inform them about the issues related to open net-cage
salmon aquaculture, and the alternatives.[18][19] CAAR
is also a participant in the Salmon Aquaculture Dia-
logues.[20]
1.5 Ocean ecosystems

1.2 Ocean acidication

See also: Ocean acidication

Stopping ocean acidication requires a reduction in

carbon dioxide emissions.[6] Ecosystems can better adapt
and survive acidication if natural resilience is preserved.
Therefore, Living Oceans Society is pushing the Cana-
dian government for eective climate policy, marine pro-
tected areas and sustainable shing practices. They also A rocksh hides in red tree coral.
strive to increase awareness through an information cam-
paign and a partnership with the Climate Action Network Living Oceans Society strives to protect the four ba-
Canada.[7] sic building blocks of ocean ecosystems: habitat,

1
2 3 REFERENCES

biodiversity, food webs, and water quality. This includes [6] 2010 Literature Review Archives Policy/Mitigation.
participating in eorts to improve the science and man- Environment Canada.
agement for important kinds of habitats, such as deep-sea
corals and glass sponge reefs. In 1999, the Society col- [7] Member Organizations. ClimateActionNetwork.ca.
laborated on the Reef Environmental Education Founda-
[8] Who we are, Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solu-
tion (REEF) Fish Survey.[21] In 2009, the Society con-
[22][23] tions.
ducted the Finding Coral Expedition. This expedi-
tion brought together a group of international scientists [9] Member Groups. seachoice.org.
and Living Oceans Society sta to study Canadas Pacic
cold water corals and document threats to their well be- [10] Overwaitea Food Group and SeaChoice partner. Over-
ing. waitea Food Group.

[11] Overwaitea Food Group closing the loop on farmed

1.6 Tankers salmon. DavidSuzuki.org, April 21, 2010.

Living Oceans Society is participating in the movement
to prevent oil tankers from using the North and Central
Coast of British Columbia as a transportation route and
is calling for a permanent legislated tanker ban in this
region.[24][25] This initiative is currently focused on the
proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines project,
designed to bring crude oil from the tar sands to a marine
terminal in Kitimat, B.C., where it could then be trans-
ported via supertanker to markets in Asia and the United
States.[26] An independent poll conducted in May, 2010
found that 80 percent of British Columbians disagreed
with the proposed project.[27] Living Oceans Society is
participating in the federal governments environmental
assessment of the project.[28]
2 Bibliography
Ardron, Je (2002). A GIS Recipe for Determin-
ing Benthic Complexity: An Indicator of Species
Richness. In Breman, Joe. Marine Geography: GIS
for the Oceans and Seas. ESRI Press. pp. 169176.
ISBN 978-1-58948-045-2.
[12] SeaChoice announces sustainable seafood partnership
with Federated Co-operatives Limited. SeaChoice.org,
March 23, 2010.
[13] Seafood Watch: Seafood Resources Sustainable
Seafood Recommendations Monterey Bay Aquarium.
[14] Coastal Alliance for Aquaculture Reform. farmedand-
dangerous.org.
[15] Broughton Archipelago Sea Lice Action Plan 2003.
British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture. January 13,
2005.
[16] Sea Lice Monitoring. Living Oceans Society.
[17] Assessing the Viability of Closed Containment Aquacul-
ture. Living Oceans Society.
[18] Salmon Farming Working with Grocery Retailers Liv-
ing Oceans Society.
[19] Salmon Supporters website.
[20] Salmon Aquaculture Dialogues. World Wildlife Foun-
dation.

Living Oceans Society (2008). Fish for Thought:
An Eco-Cookbook. Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 978-
1-55152-081-0.
[21] REEF, Living Oceans pair up to survey Pacic North-
west. Sport Diver Magazine. SeptemberOctober 1999.
[22] Stueck, Wendy (June 27, 2009). Deep-sea Coral
Emerges from the Darkness. Globe and Mail.

3 References [23] Finding Coral Expedition. Living Oceans Society.

[24] Ban northern B.C. oil tankers: Ignatie. CBC News,

[1] Contact Us. Living Oceans Society.
[2] About Us/Vision. Living Oceans Society.
[3] Initiatives. Living Oceans Society.
[4] Robb, C.K., Bodtker, K.M., Wright, K., Lash, J. (May
2011). Commercial Fisheries Closures in Marine Pro-
tected Areas on Canadas Pacic Coast: The exception,
not the rule. Marine Policy 35(3): pg. 309316.
June 21, 2010.
[25] Tankers Initiative. Living Oceans Society.
[26] Pipe Up Against Enbridge website.
[27] Mustel Poll Northern Gateway Project.
ForestEthics.org. Mustel Group Market Research,
May 26, 2010

[5] Bycatch in Canadas Pacic Groundsh Bottom Trawl [28] Enbridge Northern Gateway Joint Review Panel.
Fishery (PDF). Living Oceans Society, August 2009. Canada National Energy Board.
 3

4 External links
Living Oceans Society

PNCIMA Matters
Coastal Alliance for Aquaculture Reform

SeaChoice

British Columbia Marine Conservation Analysis

4 5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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