Mapping health in the province of Utrecht

Adapted from a cartographic visualization assignment

By Ingmar de Beukelaar 30-05-2017

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 1. The province of Utrecht

The province of Utrecht has 26 municipalities in 2015 (figure 1.1). The thematic maps in this assignment are based on an overall theme, which is
in this case: health. For each of these thematic maps the boundaries of the municipalities of Utrecht were used and obtained from the CBS
(Central Bureau Statistics). These boundaries come from the Wijk- en buurtkaart which is a map based on the BRK (Basis Registratie Kadaster)
for on municipality boundaries or on the Bestand Bodemgebruik of the CBS for neighborhood boundaries (CBS, 2012b; CBS, 2013b; CBS, 2015).

Figure 1.1: Chorochromatic map of the 26 municipalities in the province of Utrecht (CBS, 2015)

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 2. Choropleth map

A choropleth map was created of the percentage smokers (figure 2.1) and the percentage severe smokers (figure 2.2) per municipality in the
province of Utrecht. Smokers are considered as persons above 19 years old in the population that have answered yes on the question: Do you
sometimes smoke?. Severe smokers are considered as persons above 19 years old in the population that daily smoke 20 cigarettes or more a
day. For the percentages of smokers and severe smokers the Gezondheidsmonitor was consulted (CBS, 2012). Table 2.1 shows the percentages
of smokers and severe smokers per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012.

Table 2.1: Percentages of smokers and severe smokers for each municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012
Municipality Percentage smokers Percentage severe smokers
Amersfoort 22.4 3.9
Baarn 21.4 2.9
Bunnik 18.7 3
Bunschoten 27 4.4
De Bilt 16.4 2.8
De Ronde Venen 17 2.5
Eemnes 21.2 4.2
Houten 19.2 3
IJsselstein 21.7 3.4
Leusden 16.1 2.1
Lopik 20.6 3.2
Montfoort 18.5 2.2
Nieuwegein 22.4 4.1
Oudewater 21.9 4.8
Renswoude 20.3 4.8
Rhenen 23 3.7
Soest 21.9 5
Stichtse Vecht 21.1 3.8
Utrecht 23.7 4.4
Utrechtse Heuvelrug 20.5 3.1
Veenendaal 20.9 3.8
Vianen 23 3.7
Wijk bij Duurstede 23.2 3.7
Woerden 19.6 3
Woudenberg 19.4 3.1
Zeist 21.4 3.7
Source: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012), Gezondheidsmonitor 2012, Den Haag/Heerlen.

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Figure 2.1: Percentage smokers per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012 (CBS, 2012)

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Figure 2.2: Percentage severe smokers per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012 (CBS, 2012)

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For both choropleth maps (figure 2.1; figure 2.2) the equal interval classification method was selected. The equal interval is best applied for
familiar data ranges, such as percentages and has the advantage of being easily calculated. Since the data used for these maps are percentages of
smokers and severe smokers, this method fits well. The equal interval method is determined by dividing the range of the data by the number of
classes. It divides attribute values into equal size ranges, which makes them also suited for comparison. The number of records that fall into each
class differs and can be seen in figure 2.3. The number of classes was decided by using the formula n= log N / log 2 (N= 26, the number of
observations). The number of classes was therefore set to 4 and furthermore defined by making sure that all values were incorporated in the
classes. Moreover, it was important that the classes did no overlap, nor that they were empty. The accuracy of class limits was set to two
decimals.

Figure 2.3: Equal interval classifications for the creation of the choropleth maps

While deciding the best classification method, the distribution of the data set was analyzed. The data was arrayed and ordered from high to low
values. As can be seen in figure 2.4, the data set is characterized by a straight line. For this reason, the classification method of equal intervals
was chosen.

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Figure 2.4: Distribution of the data used for the choropleth maps (smokers on the left, severe smokers on the right)

Source data: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012), Gezondheidsmonitor 2012. Den Haag/Heerlen.

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 3. Proportional diagram map

A proportional diagram map was created of the number of persons provided with medicines per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2013
(figure 3.1). For the data, the health and well-being data set of the CBS (Central Bureau Statistics) was consulted. Table 3.1 shows the absolute
numbers and percentage of persons provided with medicines in each municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2013 (CBS, 2013).

Table 3.1: Absolute numbers and percentages of persons provided with medicines in each municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2013
Municipality Men Women Total
Abs. % Abs. % Abs. %
Amersfoort 43570 58.07 54630 70.49 98200 64.38
Baarn 7130 60.2 9205 72.17 16335 66.41
De Bilt 12485 61.47 16025 71.8 28505 66.88
Bunnik 4305 59.03 5340 71.62 9645 65.39
Bunschoten 6375 61.21 7510 72.54 13885 66.86
Eemnes 2585 58.59 3155 70.54 5740 64.6
Houten 13790 56.86 17065 68.71 30860 62.86
IJsselstein 10615 62.58 13380 75.11 23990 69
Leusden 8835 61.36 10830 72.46 19665 67.01
Lopik 4270 59.49 4990 71.96 9260 65.62
Montfoort 4040 58.31 4710 68.42 8750 63.35
Nieuwegein 19365 62.96 23395 74.91 42760 68.98
Oudewater 2835 57.71 3560 69.97 6400 63.95
Renswoude 1380 55.48 1645 65.68 3025 60.6
Rhenen 5620 58.75 6800 69.85 12420 64.35
De Ronde Venen 13060 60.45 15685 71.87 28745 66.19
Soest 13780 61.17 17275 73.09 31055 67.27
Stichtse Vecht 19295 61.04 24025 72.93 43320 67.11
Utrecht 88415 54.76 115725 67.72 204140 61.42
Utrechtse Heuvelrug 14360 60.29 18065 71.24 32425 65.94
Veenendaal 19670 62.5 23915 73.51 43585 68.09
Vianen 6195 63.06 7540 74.49 13740 68.86
Wijk bij Duurstede 7025 61.03 8690 73.8 15715 67.49
Woerden 15515 61.44 18775 72.77 34290 67.17
Woudenberg 3680 58.62 4325 69 8000 63.81
Zeist 17490 57.73 22415 69.31 39905 63.71
Source: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2013), Personen met verstrekte geneesmiddelen. Den Haag/Heerlen.

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Figure 3.1: Persons provided with medicines per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2013 (CBS, 2013)

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 4. Cartogram map

A cartogram map was created representing the number of persons with severe overweight in each municipality of the province of Utrecht in
2012 (figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: Persons with severe overweight per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012 (CBS, 2012; CBS, 2012b)

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For creating the cartogram map the Gezondheidsmonitor was consulted (CBS, 2012). Table 4.1 shows the percentages of persons with severe
overweight per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2012.

Table 4.1: Percentage of persons with severe overweight per municipality in the Province of Utrecht in 2012
Municipality Percentage severe overweight
Amersfoort 10.4
Baarn 8.8
Bunnik 10.2
Bunschoten 13.6
De Bilt 10.5
De Ronde Venen 13.1
Eemnes 11.5
Houten 8.9
IJsselstein 11.9
Leusden 9.5
Lopik 13.6
Montfoort 10.5
Nieuwegein 14.8
Oudewater 9.5
Renswoude 14.5
Rhenen 12.4
Soest 10.3
Stichtse Vecht 11.6
Utrecht 10.4
Utrechtse Heuvelrug 12
Veenendaal 11.4
Vianen 16
Wijk bij Duurstede 11.6
Woerden 10.2
Woudenberg 9
Zeist 10.7
Source data: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012), Gezondheidsmonitor 2012. Den Haag/Heerlen.

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The absolute numbers of persons with severe overweight were used as attribute data (table 4.2). The aim was to visualize the distribution of
absolute data extending over the municipality areas. The cartogram illustrates the persons with severe overweight by scaling the area of each
municipality in proportion to the population. Therefore, according to Jacques Bertins visual variables, size is an important visual variable used
in this cartogram map.

Table 4.2: Population and persons with severe overweight per municipality in the province of Utrecht in 2015
Municipality Population (absolute values) Persons with severe
overweight (absolute values)
Amersfoort 148250 15418
Baarn 24350 2143
Bunnik 14450 1474
Bunschoten 20200 2747
De Bilt 42080 4418
De Ronde Venen 42975 5630
Eemnes 8825 1015
Houten 48310 4300
IJsselstein 34270 4078
Leusden 28905 2746
Lopik 14050 1911
Montfoort 13600 1428
Nieuwegein 60720 8987
Oudewater 9850 936
Renswoude 4820 699
Rhenen 19065 2364
Soest 45610 4698
Stichtse Vecht 63315 7345
Utrecht 316275 32893
Utrechtse Heuvelrug 48265 5792
Veenendaal 62870 7167
Vianen 19670 3147
Wijk bij Duurstede 23065 2676
Woerden 50050 5105
Woudenberg 12035 1083
Zeist 61235 6552
Sources: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012), Gezondheidsmonitor 2012, Den Haag/Heerlen;
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012b), Wijk- en buurtkaart 2012b. Den Haag/Heerlen.

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Data sources used:

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012), Gezondheidsmonitor 2012, Den Haag/Heerlen. Can be consulted on:
http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=82166NED&D1=30-31,35-36&D2=0&D3=0&D4=14,23,43,63-
64,96,170,173,200,208,231,239,273,284,287,295,319,329,348-349,354,361,389,393,396,404&D5=l&HDR=T,G2&STB=G1,G3,G4&VW=T

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2012b), Wijk- en buurtkaart 2012b. Den Haag/Heerlen. Can be consulted on: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-
nl/dossier/nederland-regionaal/geografische%20data/wijk-en-buurtkaart-2012

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2013), Personen met verstrekte geneesmiddelen. Den Haag/Heerlen. Can be consulted on:
http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=83251NED&D1=a&D2=a&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0,70,72-73,75-76,79,99,119-
120,132,142,151,180,182,187,194,202,211,224,227,245,254,261,267,275,284,292,294,324,335,338,346-347,349,351,370,380,388,398-
400,405,412,424,440-441,444,447,455,464&D6=0&HDR=G5,G2,T,G3,G1&STB=G4&VW=T

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2013b), Wijk- en buurtkaart 2013b. Den Haag/Heerlen. Can be consulted on: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-
nl/dossier/nederland-regionaal/geografische%20data/wijk-en-buurtkaart-2013

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (2015), Wijk- en buurtkaart 2015. Den Haag/Heerlen. Can be consulted on: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-
nl/dossier/nederland-regionaal/geografische%20data/wijk-en-buurtkaart-2015

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