B.

MEANING RELA'IIONS BETWEEN SENTENCES

L Which of the following mnecfly distinguishes sentences from propositions? Circle your choice.

(a) A proposition is an act of proposing someffring, usually performed by uttering some

sentence.
(b) A sentence is the absffact representation of a particular mening whereas a proposition
is a string of words erprssing that meaning in a particular language.
(c) A proposifion is the absfiact meaning of a declarative sentence when that sentence is
used b make an asseftion.

II. Consider the following eight sentences:

(a) lohn passd the hammer and the saw through the windorru.
(b) John saw through the window and passd the hammer.
(c) John passed the hammer and saw through ffre window,
(d) lohn passed the saw and the hammer through the window.
(e) John passed the hammer.
(0lohn saw through the window.
(g) The hammer which lohn saw was not a hammer.
(h) A saw is a tool.

1. Say which of the above sentences is ambiguous.

2. Two other sentences in this set are in a paraphrase relationship. which two?
3. Which sentence is entailed by sentence (d) brrt does not entail it?
4. Which of the above sentenffi is analytic?
5. Which of the abcnre sentences is a contradiction?

REMEMBERI

Utterance:'Tesus wept"
Sentence: Jesus wept.
Proposition: JESUS WEEP

Conventional signs in logic (and semanUcs):

. Connectives:
and: &
or: v
.. Negative oprator: -
o Paraphrase: =
. Entailment: )