Aortic Regurgitation : high pitched, blowing early diastolic murmur at upper left

or right sternal border

Pulmonic Regurgitation: diastolic murmur at left upper PSB
Mitral Regurgitation : holosystolic murmur at apex
Tricuspid Regurgitation: holosystolic murmur at left lower PSB

Tricuspid Stenosis: mid-diastolic murmur at left lower PSB

Mitral Stenosis : low-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur at apex
Aortic Stenosis : systolic ejection murmur at right upper PSB
Pulmonic Stenosis : systolic ejection murmur at left upper PSB

Mitral Valve Prolapse: systolic (click), or late systolic murmur, at apex

Patent Ductus Arteriosus: continuous "machinery" murmur on left upper PSB
Ventricular Septal Defect: holosystolic murmur at left lower PSB with palpable
thrills and perhaps cyanosis
Atrial Septal Defect: systolic ejection murmur at left upper PSB with wide fixed
splitting of S2

Inspiration: creates non-pathologic S2 splitting

Coarctation of the Aorta: continuous murmur radiating to infraclavicular region and
the back
Acute Pericarditis: pericardial friction rub with referred pain