4

,
.

(, ).
,
.


. :

;
;
, .

,

.
4.1
( ), [3.1] ,

. ,

,
( )
, 4.1.
,

.

4.1

. z F

,
( 4.1).

=

zf
( ) ( )
gr = gr = (4.1)

.

.
2

(4.1)
.
4.1.1

q ( W/m 2 )
(
q = t = t gr t ) (4.2)
:
, W/(m 2 K) , ;
t , C , .
t

t = t gr t (4.3)

4.2
. ,

.
4.1.2

N A ( kmolA/(m 2 s) )
N A = c A (4.4)
:
, kmolA/[m 2 s (kmolA/m 3 )] , ;
c A , kmolA/m 3 , .
c A
.

.
(
). ,
.

c A N A .
(4.4)
c A .

, ,
, :
;
4 3

cAgr

NA

cA

zF

z
4.3


.

: e , s
.
A + B ,
.
3.3.2.

( c Agr > c A ), 4.3,
(4.4) ( N A = N B )

(
N A = e c A = e c Agr c A ) (4.5)
:
e , kmolA/[m2 s (kmolA/m3 )] ,
;
c A , kmolA/m 3 , (
);
4

c Agr , kmolA/m 3 , .
c A > c Agr , .
, c A = c A c Agr ,
.

, (2.19),
D
e = AB (4.6)
zF
:
DAB , m 2 /s , A
( A + B );
z F , m , .
A B

(
N A = s c Agr c A ) (4.7)
s , kmolA/[m2 s (kmolA/m3 )] ,
B . (2.30)
D c
s = AB (4.8)
z F cBln
:
c, kmol/m3 , ;
cln , kmolB/m 3 ,
c Bgr c B
c Bln = (4.9)
c Bgr
ln

c B
c B , kmolB/m 3 , B ;
c Bgr , kmolB/m 3 , B .
, (2.13),
NA c Agr

NA N + NB c
NA = B ln A (4.10)
NA + NB NA c
A
NA + NB c
B , kmol(A + B)/(m 2 s) , [3.34]
c
B = DAB (4.11)
zF
4 5

4.1.3
(3.7)
c Agr c A c Agr c A
NA = B e =B (4.12)
c c
B e , kmolA/(m 2 s) ,
,
Be = B (4.13)
(3.3) (3.8)
B e DAB
e = = (4.14)
c zF

D c
B e = AB (4.15)
zF

BGe
NA =
c
(
c Agr c A ) (4.16)

N A = Ge (c Agr c A ) (4.17)
N A = ye (y Agr y A ) (4.18)
N A = ep ( p Agr p A ) (4.19)
:
y A , kmolA/(kmolA + B) , ;
y Agr , kmolA/(kmolA + B) , ;
p A , Pa , ;
p Agr , Pa , .

.
,
( G ) ( L ).

p
BGe = Ge c = Ge m = ye = ep pm (4.20)
R T
:
R = 8314,51 J/(kmol K) , ;
T , K , ;
p m , Pa , .
6

~m ( kg/m 3 )
M m ( kg/kmol )
~
c= m (4.21)
Mm

B Le
NA =
c
(
c Agr c A) (4.22)

N A = Le (c Agr c A ) (4.23)
N A = xe (x Agr x A ) (4.24)
(2.60)
~
B Le = Le c = Le m = xe (4.25)
M m sr
4.1.4
A B ( N B = 0 )
(3.2)
(
N A = s c Agr c A ) (4.26)
(3.7)
c Agr c A
NA = B s (4.27)
c Bln
B s , kmolA/(m 2 s) ,
B s = [1kmolA/1kmol(A + B)] B (4.28)
(3.23) (3.24)
Bs D c
s = = [1kmolA/kmol(A + B)] AB (4.29)
cBln z F cBln
1
1
B ,
Bs , s ,
N A /( N A + N B ) = 1 kmolA/kmol(A + B) , Bs
2 s 2 3
kmolA/(m s) , kmolA/[m s (kmolA/m )] , m/s ,
.
(c Agr c A ) / c Bln ,
c A = c B .
4 7

DAB c
B s = [1kmolA/kmol(A + B)] (4.30)
zF
B

BGs
NA =
c Bln
(
c Agr c A ) (4.31)

(
N A = Gs c Agr c A ) (4.32)
N A = ys (y Agr y A ) (4.33)
N A = ps ( p Agr p A ) (4.34)
, ,
p p
BGs = Gs cBln = Gs Bln = ys yBln = ys Bln = ps pBln (4.35)
R T pm
:
yln , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B
y Bgr y B
y Bln = (4.36)
y Bgr
ln

y B
y gr , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B ;
y , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B ;
pln , Pa , B
p Bgr p B
p Bln = (4.37)
p Bgr
ln

p B
p gr , Pa , B ;
p , Pa , B .
B

B Ls
NA =
c Bln
(
c Agr c A ) (4.38)

(
N A = Ls c Agr c A ) (4.39)
N A = xs (x Agr x A ) (4.40)
, (2.60),
~
BLs = Ls cBln = Ls xBln m = xs xBln (4.41)
M m sr
8

:
xln , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B
x Bgr x B
x Bln = (4.42)
x Bgr
ln

x B
xgr , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B ;
x , kmolB/(kmolA + B) , B .

4.2
[3.2]

( )
,
.
, 4.4,
,
, () .
4.4. ,
.
b ,
. ,
d M .
wM
b b (G)
cAL gr cAL gr
zb
dM

cAL cAL
b b
cAL (L) cAL

dM
z
=
wM

4.4

( 4.4.), b

.
.

c A .

4 9

c Agr .
z ,


cA 2cA
= DAB (4.43)
z 2
zb
A z .

A
z b .

c A =0

c A = c Agr z=0 > 0 (4.44)
c z > 0
A

NA = 2
DAB

( )
c Agr c A (4.45)

( )
N A = c Agr c A (4.46)

DAB
= 2 (4.47)


.

, ,
.
4.2.1
[3.3] [3.4] .

, .
( ) 0 .

= s exp( s ) (4.48)
10

s, m 2 /(m 2 s) ,
(
).

= DAB s (4.49)

.
4.3

.

. [3.16]
() (. -
).


~ (4.50)
~a (4.51)
~ DAB (4.52)


~ (4.53)
~ a (4.54)
~ DAB (4.55)

~ ( + E ) (4.56)
~ a + Ea (4.57)
~ DAB + E D (4.58)

(3.47) (3.48).

,

u ,
~ au (4.59)
u
~ DAB (4.60)
u
0,8 0,9
.