Theories of Social Change

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770- 1831)

Hegelian Theory- dialectic model of change that is based on the interaction of different opposing forces

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Marxist Theory this theory presents a dialectical and materialist concept of history which shows
humankinds history of struggle between classes.

- This is also called Conflict Theory

 Thomas Kuhn (July 18, 1922 June 17, 1996)

Kuhnian Theory This theory believes that people are likely to continue utilizing an apparently
unworkable paradigm until a better paradigm is invented and commonly accepted.

- Paradigm Shift

Heraclitus (c. 535 BCE 475)

Heraclitan Theory states that in order to remain alive, human must constantly
be changing.

- He was able to observe that nature is in a state of constant flux such as Cold
things grow hot, the hot cools, the wet dries, and the parched moistens
 Kasama to Denise

Dao De Jing

Daoist Theory CHANGE is to be natural, harmonious and steady, albeit

imperceptible.
 Herbert Spencer (April 27, 1820 December 8, 1903)

Evolutionary Theory- according to this theory, societies evolved from simple to

more complex one, from being primitive to becoming more advanced and
progressive.
- As society progresses, the functions of each member also changes and becomes
more organized and specialized.
- Progressivism is one of the basic ideas underlying the theory of social evolution.

Auguste Comte